EP2097191B1 - Grid structure - Google Patents

Grid structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2097191B1
EP2097191B1 EP07718441A EP07718441A EP2097191B1 EP 2097191 B1 EP2097191 B1 EP 2097191B1 EP 07718441 A EP07718441 A EP 07718441A EP 07718441 A EP07718441 A EP 07718441A EP 2097191 B1 EP2097191 B1 EP 2097191B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bars
wire
loops
grid structure
structure according
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EP07718441A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2097191A1 (en
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Josef Krismer
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F29/00—Making fencing or like material made partly of wire
    • B21F29/02—Making fencing or like material made partly of wire comprising bars or the like connected by wires
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0636—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grid construction, in particular a reinforcing grid or floor mounting grid, with a plurality of wire formed from zigzag curved wires, juxtaposed wire webs and a plurality of, in particular parallel to each other, rods, wherein the wires of the wire webs, the rods in the form of substantially closed Loop around loops.
  • a generic grid construction is for example from the GB 191501422 known.
  • the rods guided through the loops of the wire webs are substantially perpendicular to the planes formed by the zigzag wire paths.
  • this construction by itself, so even before introducing filler, holds in itself.
  • Practice has shown, however, that while arranging rods in substantially closed loops ensures some initial stability, the loops are re-expanded relatively quickly by movement of the mesh structure, so that the rods are no longer held sufficiently tightly in the loops of the zigzag wire paths ,
  • the object of the invention is therefore to improve generic lattice structures to the effect that a stable grid structure is created without additional connection measures.
  • the substantially closed design of the loops can be achieved by various measures. For example, it may be provided that in each case two legs of the wires to form one, preferably all, intersect crosses in an intersection region, wherein the smallest distance of the legs of the wires to each other in the intersection region is less than three times the wire thickness, in particular smaller than that Wire thickness, is. In addition or instead, however, it is also possible to produce a substantially closed loop by the wire of the wire paths is spirally turned several times around a center of the loop thought. This is achieved when the wire of the wire web is wound more than 360 ° around this center to form the substantially closed loop. In this variant as well, the individual turns of the spiral formed by the wire are advantageously as close as possible to one another.
  • the attachment of the rods in the loops of the wire webs based on additional concerns of two adjacent loops together. It is not significant whether for other reasons in addition connecting brackets od. The like. Are attached to the joints between wires and rods, as long as the construction remains stable by the clamping effect after removal of these additional fasteners in itself.
  • Verklemm cement may optionally also the mutual concern and thus supporting each other of two adjacent loops are used to further increase the stability of the construction.
  • While jamming of the rods in the loops of the wire webs is already possible by twisting or tilting in one direction, preferred embodiments provide that the rods for clamping in the loops of the wire webs are twisted or tilted at least in two directions against the loops. Due to the double tilting or twisting a particularly strong clamping effect is caused.
  • Such grid structures can be made particularly simple if the surface of an inner opening of a loop is so large that the rod is substantially freely movable in its arrangement substantially perpendicular to an opening plane of the loop in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the rod.
  • the grid construction can be used both for concrete reinforcement and as a floor fastening grid.
  • the smallest distance in the crossing region 5 is less than three times the thickness of the wire, preferably smaller than the thickness of the wire. As a result, a substantially closed loop 3 is formed.
  • the rods 2, 2 'by jamming in two different directions, as described below with reference to Fig. 5a-7c is explained in detail attached.
  • the wire webs 1, 1 ' are essentially planar in the sense that the height of the wire webs perpendicular to their longitudinal extent 9 and perpendicular to their transverse extent 10 is less than five times, preferably less than three times, the wire thickness of the wire web 1, 1 'is.
  • the layers of the planes formed by them are in the side view according to Fig. 2 shown on the grid construction.
  • the levels of the wire paths result in mathematically exact sense by imaginary approximation of the wire thickness to zero.
  • Fig. 2 It can also be clearly seen that the loops of two wire webs 1, 1 'arranged adjacent to the bars 2, 2' do not engage with one another. This is particularly favorable in terms of ease of manufacture of the grid construction.
  • the wire webs 1, 1 ' are arranged exclusively in the direction in which their longitudinal extent 9 perpendicular to the longitudinal extent 11 of the bars 2, 2' extends. It is therefore not necessary to provide additional wire webs 1, 1 'in the direction of the longitudinal extent 11 of the bars 2, 2' or diagonally thereto or in other directions. The same applies to the bars 2, 2 '. These too are arranged exclusively parallel to each other in the embodiments shown.
  • the rods 2, 2 ' are straight in the embodiment shown and have a circular cross-section. This is preferably provided, since no special shaping of the bars 2, 2 'is necessary, which in turn simplifies the manufacturability of the grid. However, it is also possible in other embodiments, the bars 2, 2 'following the requirements of the overall construction to perform bent or shape their cross section deviating from the circular shape. Depending on the requirements and intended use, rods 2, 2 'having the same shape and equal tensile strengths can be used in the various planes 4, 4'. However, it is also possible to use different rods 2, 2 'made of different materials and / or with different tensile strengths and / or with different diameters in the different planes 4, 4'.
  • the freely accessible intermediate spaces 13 can be used to Piping, empty piping or bodies with lower density to bring.
  • the body with lower density can be saved in the central part of the overall construction then weight, since no concrete is needed here. If pipes or empty piping are introduced into the free spaces, this is a simple and elegant way of laying water or electricity or other supply lines in the concrete body.
  • Fig. 1 to 10 are the wire webs 1, 1 'and their loops 3 by twisting or tilting in two different directions with the rods 2, 2 'jammed.
  • the Fig. 5a-5c serve to explain the jamming by twisting the wire webs 1, 1 'relative to the bars 2, 2' in a first direction.
  • Fig. 6a-6c Based on Fig. 6a-6c the additional tilting of the wire webs 1, 1 'is shown against the bars 2, 2' in a second direction.
  • the Fig. 7a-7c show the end result.
  • Fig. 5b shows in a plan view of the grid construction, first the position in which the rods 2 'in the loops 3 are substantially freely inserted.
  • the area of the inner opening of the loop 3 is chosen so large that the rod 2, 2 'in its arrangement substantially perpendicular to the opening plane 14 of the loop 3 in the direction of its longitudinal extent 11 is substantially freely movable in the loop.
  • the rod 2 ' can be inserted into the loop 3.
  • the wire web represented by the legs 6, 6 ', then in the direction of in Fig. 5b shown arrows until they are in the in Fig. 5c shown top view is arranged substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal extension 11 of the rods 2, 2 'twisted.
  • the opening plane 14 is arranged at an angle deviating from 0 ° relative to the longitudinal extent 9 of the wire web or against the plane 12 of the wire web 1, 1 '.
  • the angle between the opening plane 14 and the plane 12 of the wire web is specified in the embodiment shown by the size of the surface of the inner opening of the loop 3, the wire thickness and the distance between the legs 6, 6 'in the intersection region 5.
  • a rotation angle a between 20 to 30 ° is favorable. In the illustrated embodiment, a is about 25 °.
  • Fig. 5a shows in a side view according to Fig. 3 the position between the rod 2 'and the wire web 1 before the beginning of twisting, so in the in a plan view in Fig. 5b shown position.
  • Fig. 5a to 5c show the wire webs 1, 1 'in the embodiment shown also tilted in a side view of the grid structure against a longitudinal extent 11 of the wire webs 1, 1' in an angle deviating from the vertical 8 angle ⁇ .
  • Fig. 6b shows in a side view the state before tilting in the direction of the arrows drawn in this figure.
  • Fig. 6c shows the state after tilting.
  • the tilt angle ⁇ is favorably between 20 and 40 °, in the illustrated embodiment about 30 °.
  • the side view according to Fig. 6c is a detailed view Fig. 2 in which the tilt angle ⁇ is also drawn.
  • Fig. 5b shown position inserted into the loops 3. Subsequently, the rotation takes place in the position according to Fig. 5c So, turning in a first direction. In a further step then the tilting takes place by the angle ⁇ in a second direction, which in the in Fig. 6c shown position results.
  • the Fig. 7a, 7b and 7c show detailed views of the final result of this twisting and tilting. Although the jamming of the rods 2, 2 'in the loops 3 of the wire web 1, 1' is favorably brought about by both turning and tilting operations, it is still possible to bring about the attachment only by twisting or only by tilting.
  • the wire thicknesses are generally smaller than the smallest diameter of the rods 2, 2 '. In terms of the most rigid possible jamming, it is favorable if the wire thickness is at most half the smallest diameter of the rods 2, 2 '.
  • tensile strengths of the material used between 400 and 600 N / mm 2 are usually to be selected.
  • the bars 2, 2 ' generally have higher tensile strengths than the wires - usually in the range between 400 and 2500 N / mm 2 - on.
  • the rods 2, 2 'can consist not only of corresponding steels but also of, for example, preferably high-tensile and / or fiber-reinforced plastics or have these. Again, pay attention to appropriate tensile strength values.
  • a coating preferably of one or more zinc or zinc alloy layers, may be provided for corrosion protection. It is favorable in a lattice construction according to the invention that the initially applied to the bars 2, 2 'and the wires of the wire web 1, 1' coating is not destroyed or impaired by the manufacture of the construction. Instead of a coating, of course, a suitably trained, stainless steel can be selected for corrosion protection. In selecting the material and the coating, the skilled person can rely on existing standards To fall back on. These would be EN 10080 for reinforcement of concrete. It may also be used on materials known for the manufacture of fences according to EN 10223.
  • EN 10264 which deals mainly with the production of ropes, the skilled artisan corresponding material.
  • EN 10337 for prestressing steel wires and EN 15630-1 for reinforcement and prestressing of concrete can be used.
  • EN 10244 should be used if necessary.
  • Corresponding stainless steels can be found in EN 10088. The choice of material as well as the question whether the upper bars 2 'and the lower bars 2 are made of the same material with the same tensile strengths or not, must always be tailored to the respective requirements in order to ensure an optimal adaptation to the intended use.
  • the Fig. 8a to 8d show various ways in which the ends of the wire webs 2, 2 'can be bent. However, bending the ends is not absolutely necessary.
  • a hook-shaped formation of the ends of the rods 2, 2 'according to the Fig. 8a and 8b may be intended to hook such a hook in adjacent panels of the construction or the like.
  • the provision of ring-like terminations according to the Fig. 8c and 8d can be provided if the material savings on overlapping two adjacent grid structures should be dispensed with. Through the rings, it is possible to connect two panels or grid structures with an inserted into the rings connecting rod. If the material savings are not necessarily in the foreground, then the connection between two panels or grid structures can also be achieved simply by placing two adjacent panels into each other.
  • the length of the grid construction or panels ie their extension in the direction of 11, is basically to adapt to the needs and transport options. In earthworks, in which the grid construction is used as a floor mounting grid, panel lengths of about 3 m are often preferred. When used as concrete reinforcement, the grid lengths can be based on today's standard lengths. These are eg 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 12.50 m. Nevertheless, the construction according to the invention can be made in any length and size. Even a cut on site at the construction site to the appropriate lengths and widths is possible at any time.
  • Fig. 10 shows in one too Fig. 2 analog side view that the loops 3 not immediately adjacent or adjacent to each other on the bars 2, 2 'must be arranged. It can according to Fig. 10 Also, a greater distance between each two adjacent wire webs 1, 1 'along the longitudinal extension 11 of the rods 2, 2' are selected, resulting in a material and weight savings.
  • the first embodiment according to Fig. 1 to 4 has the advantage that the loops 3 adjacent wire webs 1 and 1 'at high load in addition to jamming can also support each other.
  • the loops 3 are formed substantially closed, by crossing two legs 6, 6 'of the wires to form one of the loops in an intersection region 5, wherein the smallest distance of the legs 6, 6' of the wires to each other in the intersection region 5 is smaller than that Threefold the wire thickness, in particular smaller than the wire thickness is.
  • this is not the only way to create essentially closed loops.
  • Fig. 11a and 11b show detailed views analogous to the Fig. 7b and 7c a variant in which the wire to form the loop 3 is wound more than 360 ° around the imaginary center of the loop 3. This results in a helical arrangement of the wire in the region of the loop 3.
  • the criterion is satisfied that the legs 6 and 6 'are not more than three times the thickness of the wire away from each other in the crossing region 5.
  • this need not necessarily be provided, since the loop 3 is already substantially closed by the helical arrangement of the wire.
  • the wires are in the region of the loop 3 conveniently again together.
  • the rod 2 or 2 ' can be twisted and tilted in two directions for clamping in the loop. Analogous to that in the Fig. 5a to 6c for the first embodiment is shown. However, in particular in the helical formation of the loop, it is often sufficient to tilt the rods 2, 2 'either only in the loops 3 or only to turn them.
  • Fig. 12a and 12b shown fourth embodiment differs in that the legs 6 and 6 'do not intersect. They are wound in the direction of travel by more than 360 °. This improves the stackability.
  • the third and fourth embodiments can be carried out analogously to the two embodiments previously shown, so that representations to the entire grid construction and explanations to further details omitted with reference to the other embodiments omitted can.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
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Abstract

The reinforcement grid or floor mounting grid, comprises wire paths, which are arranged next to one another and are formed by wires that are bent in a zig-zag shape, and parallel bars (2) clamped within loops (3) of the paths to be fastened to the wire paths. The wires embrace the bars in the form of substantially closed loops. The bars are twisted or tilted in relation to the loops in one direction to be clamped within the loops of the wire paths. The fastening of the bars in the loops of the wire paths is based exclusively on blocking. The reinforcement grid or floor mounting grid comprises wire paths, which are arranged next to one another and are formed by wires that are bent in a zig-zag shape, and parallel bars (2) clamped within loops (3) of the paths to be fastened to the wire paths. The wires embrace the bars in the form of substantially closed loops. The bars are twisted or tilted in relation to the loops in a direction to be clamped within the loops of the wire paths. The fastening of the bars in the loops of the wire paths is based exclusively on blocking. The wire paths are rotatably arranged for blocking the bars in the loops in a plain view on the mounting grid to a longitudinal direction of the bars. The surface of an internal opening of a loop is large, so that the bar is freely movable during its arrangement perpendicularly to an opening level of the loop towards the longitudinal extension of the bars. The opening level of the loop is arranged in a deviating angle of 0[deg] against the longitudinal extension of the wire paths. The wire thickness is smaller than the half of the smallest diameter of the bars. The loops of two adjacent wire paths are arranged on the bars. The wire paths are uniformly formed so that the height of the wire paths is perpendicularly to its longitudinal extension and perpendicularly to its transverse extension smaller than the wire thickness of the wire path. The bars are arranged in two levels spaced apart from each other. The bars of different levels have different tensile strength. The wires of the wire paths have a tensile strength of 400-600 N/mm 2>. The bars consist of high-tensile and/or fiber-reinforced plastic and have tensile strength of 400-2500 N/mm 2>. The smallest distance of the shank (6) of the wires is smaller than wire thickness in a crossing region (5).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Gitterkonstruktion, insbesondere eines Armierungsgitters oder Bodenbefestigungsgitters, mit einer Vielzahl von aus zickzackförmig gebogenen Drähten gebildeten, nebeneinander angeordneten Drahtbahnen und einer Vielzahl von, insbesondere zueinander parallel verlaufenden, Stäben, wobei die Drähte der Drahtbahnen die Stäbe in Form von im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Schlaufen umschlingen.The invention relates to a grid construction, in particular a reinforcing grid or floor mounting grid, with a plurality of wire formed from zigzag curved wires, juxtaposed wire webs and a plurality of, in particular parallel to each other, rods, wherein the wires of the wire webs, the rods in the form of substantially closed Loop around loops.

Eine gattungsgemäße Gitterkonstruktion ist z.B. aus der GB 191501422 bekannt. Bei dieser Konstruktion stehen die durch die Schlaufen der Drahtbahnen geführten Stäbe im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu den durch die zickzackförmigen Drahtbahnen gebildeten Ebenen. In der Schrift ist zwar angegeben, dass diese Konstruktion von selbst, also bereits vor Einbringen von Füllmaterial, in sich hält. Die Praxis hat jedoch gezeigt, dass das Anordnen von Stäben in im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Schlaufen zwar eine gewisse Anfangsstabilität gewährleistet, die Schlaufen aber durch die Bewegung der Gitterkonstruktion relativ rasch wieder aufweiten, sodass die Stäbe nicht mehr ausreichend fest in den Schlaufen der zickzackförmigen Drahtbahnen gehalten werden.A generic grid construction is for example from the GB 191501422 known. In this construction, the rods guided through the loops of the wire webs are substantially perpendicular to the planes formed by the zigzag wire paths. Although it is indicated in the document that this construction by itself, so even before introducing filler, holds in itself. Practice has shown, however, that while arranging rods in substantially closed loops ensures some initial stability, the loops are re-expanded relatively quickly by movement of the mesh structure, so that the rods are no longer held sufficiently tightly in the loops of the zigzag wire paths ,

Die Praxis hat darüber hinaus gezeigt, dass eine zusätzliche Befestigung z.B. durch Verschweißen oder Anbringen von Halteklammern od. dgl. zum einen bei der Herstellung einen zusätzlichen Aufwand und damit zusätzliche Kosten bedeutet und zum anderen durch diese ergänzenden Verbindungsmaßnahmen das Material der Stäbe und Drahtbahnen durch Erhitzen beim Verschweißen geschwächt werden kann. Darüber hinaus wird durch diese zusätzlichen Befestigungsmaßnahmen der üblicherweise vor der Herstellung des Gitters auf die Drähte und Stäbe aufgebrachte Korrosionsschutz negativ beeinträchtigt bzw. wieder zerstört.Practice has also shown that additional attachment e.g. od by welding or attachment of retaining clips. Like. On the one hand in the production of additional effort and thus additional costs and on the other hand by this complementary joining measures the material of the rods and wire webs can be weakened by heating during welding. In addition, by these additional attachment measures usually applied before the production of the grid on the wires and rods corrosion protection adversely affected or destroyed again.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, gattungsgemäße Gitterkonstruktionen dahingehend zu verbessern, dass ohne zusätzliche Verbindungsmaßnahmen eine in sich stabile Gitterkonstruktion geschaffen wird.The object of the invention is therefore to improve generic lattice structures to the effect that a stable grid structure is created without additional connection measures.

Dies wird erreicht, indem die Stäbe zur Befestigung an den Drahtbahnen in den Schlaufen der Drahtbahnen verklemmt sind, indem die Stäbe zum Verklemmen in den Schlaufen der Drahtbahnen relativ zu den Öffnungsebenen der Schlaufen verdreht oder verkippt angeordnet sind.This is achieved by clamping the rods for attachment to the wire webs in the loops of the wire webs by twisting or tilting the rods for clamping in the loops of the wire webs relative to the opening planes of the loops.

Durch das Ausbilden von im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Schlaufen ist es möglich, die Verbindung zwischen Drahtbahnen und Stäben ausschließlich durch Verklemmen herbeizuführen. Auf Verschweißen oder anderweitiges zusätzliches Verbinden der Stäbe mit den Drahtbahnen kann aufgrund der so erreichten kraftschlüssigen Verbindung verzichtet werden. Das Verklemmen der Stäbe in den Schlaufen der Drahtbahnen wird durch Verdrehen oder Verkippen der Stäbe relativ zu den Öffnungsebenen der Schlaufen erreicht. Hierdurch ist der beim Stand der Technik bekannte Effekt unterbunden, dass sich die Klemmverbindungen durch Vergrößerung der Öffnungsweite der Schlaufen wieder lockern können. Die damit erreichte Gitterkonstruktion hält alleine aufgrund der Klemmwirkung der Drahtbahnen und den Stäben.By forming substantially closed loops, it is possible to bring about the connection between wire webs and bars exclusively by jamming. Welding or other additional connection of the rods with the wire paths can be dispensed with because of the frictional connection achieved in this way. The jamming of the bars in the loops of the wire webs is achieved by twisting or tilting the bars relative to the opening planes of the loops. As a result, the effect known in the prior art is prevented, that the clamping connections can loosen again by increasing the opening width of the loops. The lattice construction achieved thereby keeps alone due to the clamping effect of the wire webs and the bars.

Die im Wesentlichen geschlossene Ausbildung der Schlaufen kann durch verschiedene Maßnahmen erreicht werden. So kann zum Beispiel vorgesehen sein, dass sich jeweils zwei Schenkel der Drähte zur Ausbildung einer der, vorzugsweise aller, Schlaufen in einem Kreuzungsbereich kreuzen, wobei der kleinste Abstand der Schenkel der Drähte zueinander im Kreuzungsbereich kleiner als das dreifache der Drahtdicke, insbesondere kleiner als die Drahtdicke, ist. Zusätzlich oder anstelle dessen ist es aber auch möglich, eine im Wesentlichen geschlossene Schlaufe herzustellen, indem der Draht der Drahtbahnen mehrfach um ein gedachtes Zentrum der Schlaufe spiralartig herumgedreht wird. Dies wird erreicht, wenn der Draht der Drahtbahn zur Ausbildung der im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Schlaufe mehr als 360° um dieses Zentrum gewunden ist. Auch bei dieser Variante liegen die einzelnen durch den Draht gebildeten Windungen der Spirale günstigerweise möglichst eng aneinander an.The substantially closed design of the loops can be achieved by various measures. For example, it may be provided that in each case two legs of the wires to form one, preferably all, intersect crosses in an intersection region, wherein the smallest distance of the legs of the wires to each other in the intersection region is less than three times the wire thickness, in particular smaller than that Wire thickness, is. In addition or instead, however, it is also possible to produce a substantially closed loop by the wire of the wire paths is spirally turned several times around a center of the loop thought. This is achieved when the wire of the wire web is wound more than 360 ° around this center to form the substantially closed loop. In this variant as well, the individual turns of the spiral formed by the wire are advantageously as close as possible to one another.

Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass die Befestigung der Stäbe in den Schlaufen der Drahtbahnen auf zusätzlichem Anliegen von zwei benachbarten Schlaufen aneinander beruht. Dabei ist es nicht erheblich, ob aus anderen Gründen zusätzlich Verbindungsklammern od. dgl. an den Verbindungsstellen zwischen Drähten und Stäben angebracht sind, solange die Konstruktion durch die Klemmwirkung auch nach Entfernen dieser zusätzlichen Verbindungselemente in sich stabil bleibt. Neben dem Verklemmeffekt kann gegebenenfalls auch das gegenseitige Anliegen und damit aneinander Abstützen von zwei benachbarten Schlaufen zur weiteren Erhöhung der Stabilität der Konstruktion genutzt werden.It is preferably provided that the attachment of the rods in the loops of the wire webs based on additional concerns of two adjacent loops together. It is not significant whether for other reasons in addition connecting brackets od. The like. Are attached to the joints between wires and rods, as long as the construction remains stable by the clamping effect after removal of these additional fasteners in itself. In addition to the Verklemmeffekt may optionally also the mutual concern and thus supporting each other of two adjacent loops are used to further increase the stability of the construction.

Während ein Verklemmen der Stäbe in den Schlaufen der Drahtbahnen schon durch Verdrehen oder Verkippen in eine Richtung möglich ist, sehen bevorzugte Ausführungsformen vor, dass die Stäbe zum Verklemmen in den Schlaufen der Drahtbahnen zumindest in zwei Richtungen gegen die Schlaufen verdreht oder verkippt angeordnet sind. Durch das zweifache Verkippen bzw. Verdrehen wird eine besonders starke Klemmwirkung hervorgerufen. Solche Gitterkonstruktionen können dann besonders einfach hergestellt werden, wenn die Fläche einer inneren Öffnung einer Schlaufe so groß ist, dass der Stab bei seiner Anordnung im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu einer Öffnungsebene der Schlaufe in Richtung der Längserstreckung des Stabes im Wesentlichen frei bewegbar ist.While jamming of the rods in the loops of the wire webs is already possible by twisting or tilting in one direction, preferred embodiments provide that the rods for clamping in the loops of the wire webs are twisted or tilted at least in two directions against the loops. Due to the double tilting or twisting a particularly strong clamping effect is caused. Such grid structures can be made particularly simple if the surface of an inner opening of a loop is so large that the rod is substantially freely movable in its arrangement substantially perpendicular to an opening plane of the loop in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the rod.

Die Gitterkonstruktion kann sowohl zur Betonbewehrung als auch als Bodenbefestigungsgitter eingesetzt werden.The grid construction can be used both for concrete reinforcement and as a floor fastening grid.

Die Fig. 1 bis 9c zeigen verschiedene Darstellungen einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform einer Gitterkonstruktion. Die Fig. 10 und 11 zeigen eine erfindungsgemäße Alternative. Dabei zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Draufsicht auf das erste Ausführungsbeispiel,
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht auf dieses Ausführungsbeispiel,
Fig. 3
eine Schnittdarstellung entlang einer Drahtbahn dieses Ausführungsbeispiels,
Fig. 4
eine räumliche Darstellung dieses Ausführungsbeispiels,
Fig. 5a-5c
Detaildarstellungen zur Erläuterung des Verdrehens der Schlaufen gegen die Stäbe in einer ersten Richtung,
Fig. 6a-6c
Detaildarstellungen zum Verkippen der Schlaufen gegen die Stäbe in einer zweiten Richtung,
Fig. 7a-7c
Detaildarstellungen zur Überlagerung des Verkippens und Verdrehens in zwei Richtungen,
Fig. 8a-8d
Detaildarstellungen zu möglichen Endabschlüssen der Stäbe,
Fig. 9a-9c
Detaildarstellungen zu möglichen Endabschlüssen der Drähte,
Fig. 10
eine Seitenansicht auf ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel,
Fig. 11a, b
Detaildarstellungen eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels und
Fig. 12a, b
Detaildarstellungen eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels.
The Fig. 1 to 9c show various representations of an embodiment of a grid construction according to the invention. The Fig. 10 and 11 show an alternative according to the invention. Showing:
Fig. 1
a plan view of the first embodiment,
Fig. 2
a side view of this embodiment,
Fig. 3
a sectional view along a wire web of this embodiment,
Fig. 4
a spatial representation of this embodiment,
Fig. 5a-5c
Detailed illustrations for explaining the twisting of the loops against the bars in a first direction,
Fig. 6a-6c
Detailed representations for tilting the loops against the bars in a second direction,
Fig. 7a-7c
Detailed representations for overlapping tilting and twisting in two directions,
Fig. 8a-8d
Detailed representations of possible end finishes of the bars,
Fig. 9a-9c
Detailed representations of possible end terminations of the wires,
Fig. 10
a side view of a second embodiment,
Fig. 11a, b
Detailed views of a third embodiment and
Fig. 12a, b
Details of a fourth embodiment.

Bei den Gitterkonstruktionen gemäß den Figuren 1 bis 10 umgreifen die Drahtbahnen 1, 1' die Stäbe 2, 2' mittels der Schlaufen 3. Die Stäbe 2' sind in einer oberen Ebene 4' angeordnet. Die unteren Stäbe 2 sind in einer unteren Ebene 4 angeordnet. Der Abstand 7 zwischen den durch die Stäbe 2 und 2' gebildeten Ebenen 4 und 4' beträgt ein Vielfaches, vorzugsweise mindestens das Zehnfache, des maximalen Durchmessers der Stäbe 2, 2'. Hierdurch wird eine dreidimensionale Struktur erreicht, die sowohl als Betonbewehrung als auch als Befestigungsgitter eine gute Stabilität bzw. Stabilisierung sicherstellt. Zwei benachbarte Schenkel 6 und 6' der Drahtbahn 1 kreuzen sich zur Ausbildung der Schlaufen 3 in den Kreuzungsbereichen 5. Hier liegen die beiden Schenkel 6 und 6' aneinander an oder sind nur sehr gering voneinander beabstandet. Der kleinste Abstand im Kreuzungsbereich 5 ist dabei kleiner als das Dreifache der Dicke des Drahtes, vorzugsweise kleiner als die Dicke des Drahtes. Hierdurch wird eine im Wesentlichen geschlossene Schlaufe 3 gebildet. In dieser werden die Stäbe 2, 2' durch Verklemmen in zwei unterschiedliche Richtungen, wie es weiter unten anhand der Fig. 5a-7c im Detail erläutert wird, befestigt.In the grid structures according to FIGS. 1 to 10 surround the wire webs 1, 1 'the bars 2, 2' by means of the loops 3. The bars 2 'are in an upper level 4' arranged. The lower bars 2 are arranged in a lower level 4. The distance 7 between the planes 4 and 4 'formed by the bars 2 and 2' is a multiple, preferably at least ten times, the maximum diameter of the bars 2, 2 '. As a result, a three-dimensional structure is achieved, which ensures good stability and stabilization both as a concrete reinforcement and as a fastening grid. Two adjacent legs 6 and 6 'of the wire web 1 intersect to form the loops 3 in the crossing regions 5. Here, the two legs 6 and 6' abut each other or are only very slightly spaced from each other. The smallest distance in the crossing region 5 is less than three times the thickness of the wire, preferably smaller than the thickness of the wire. As a result, a substantially closed loop 3 is formed. In this, the rods 2, 2 'by jamming in two different directions, as described below with reference to Fig. 5a-7c is explained in detail attached.

Die Drahtbahnen 1, 1' sind in dem Sinne im Wesentlichen eben ausgebildet, als dass die Höhe der Drahtbahnen senkrecht zu ihrer Längserstreckung 9 und senkrecht zu ihrer Quererstreckung 10 kleiner als das fünffache, vorzugsweise kleiner als das dreifache, der Drahtdicke der Drahtbahn 1, 1' ist. Die Lagen der durch sie gebildeten Ebenen sind in der Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 2 auf die Gitterkonstruktion dargestellt. Die Ebenen der Drahtbahnen ergeben sich im mathematisch exakten Sinn durch gedachte Annäherung der Drahtdicke gegen Null. In Fig. 2 ebenfalls gut zu sehen ist, dass die Schlaufen von zwei auf den Stäben 2, 2' benachbart angeordneten Drahtbahnen 1, 1' nicht ineinandergreifen. Dies ist besonders im Sinne einer einfachen Herstellbarkeit der Gitterkonstruktion günstig. Trotz des Nichtineinandergreifens der benachbarten Schlaufen ist eine ausreichende Festigkeit der Gitterkonstruktion allein durch das Verklemmen der Stäbe 2, 2' in den Schlaufen 3, gegebenenfalls unterstützt durch das sich aneinander Abstützen von benachbarten Schlaufen 3, gegeben. Wie insbesondere auf der Draufsicht gemäß Fig. 1 zu erkennen ist, sind die Drahtbahnen 1, 1' ausschließlich in der Richtung angeordnet, in der ihre Längserstreckung 9 senkrecht zur Längserstreckung 11 der Stäbe 2, 2' verläuft. Es ist also nicht nötig, zusätzliche Drahtbahnen 1, 1' in Richtung der Längserstreckung 11 der Stäbe 2, 2' oder diagonal dazu oder in anderen Richtungen vorzusehen. Das gleiche gilt auch für die Stäbe 2, 2'. Auch diese sind in den gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen ausschließlich parallel zueinander angeordnet. Es gibt also bevorzugt keine quer zur Richtung 11 verlaufenden Stäbe 2, 2'. Die Gitterkonstruktion erreicht auch in der gezeigten Ausrichtung zwischen Drahtbahnen 1, 1' und Stäben 2, 2' die notwendige Festigkeit. Auch dieser Umstand vereinfacht die Herstellbarkeit und Stapelbarkeit der Gesamtkonstruktion. Durch die gute Stapelbarkeit von aufeinandergelegten erfindungsgemäßen Gitterpaneelen wird sowohl das Lager- bzw. Transportvolumen verkleinert, als auch die Lager- und Transportstabilität der Gitterkonstruktion erhöht, was sowohl einen Kosten- als auch Qualitätsvorteil bringt.The wire webs 1, 1 'are essentially planar in the sense that the height of the wire webs perpendicular to their longitudinal extent 9 and perpendicular to their transverse extent 10 is less than five times, preferably less than three times, the wire thickness of the wire web 1, 1 'is. The layers of the planes formed by them are in the side view according to Fig. 2 shown on the grid construction. The levels of the wire paths result in mathematically exact sense by imaginary approximation of the wire thickness to zero. In Fig. 2 It can also be clearly seen that the loops of two wire webs 1, 1 'arranged adjacent to the bars 2, 2' do not engage with one another. This is particularly favorable in terms of ease of manufacture of the grid construction. Despite the non-meshing of the adjacent loops sufficient strength of the grid construction is given solely by the jamming of the rods 2, 2 'in the loops 3, possibly supported by the support of adjacent loops 3 together. As in particular on the top view Fig. 1 can be seen, the wire webs 1, 1 'are arranged exclusively in the direction in which their longitudinal extent 9 perpendicular to the longitudinal extent 11 of the bars 2, 2' extends. It is therefore not necessary to provide additional wire webs 1, 1 'in the direction of the longitudinal extent 11 of the bars 2, 2' or diagonally thereto or in other directions. The same applies to the bars 2, 2 '. These too are arranged exclusively parallel to each other in the embodiments shown. Thus, there are preferably no transversely to the direction 11 extending rods 2, 2 '. The grid construction achieves the necessary strength even in the orientation shown between wire webs 1, 1 'and bars 2, 2'. Also this circumstance simplifies the manufacturability and stackability of the overall construction. Due to the good stackability of superimposed grid panels according to the invention, both the storage or transport volume is reduced, as well as the storage and transport stability of the grid construction increased, which brings both a cost and quality advantage.

Die Stäbe 2, 2' sind im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel gerade ausgebildet und haben einen kreisrunden Querschnitt. Dies ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, da keine besondere Formgebung für die Stäbe 2, 2' notwendig ist, was wiederum die Herstellbarkeit des Gitters vereinfacht. Es ist in anderen Ausführungsformen aber auch möglich, die Stäbe 2, 2' den Anforderungen der Gesamtkonstruktion folgend gebogen auszuführen oder ihren Querschnitt abweichend von der Kreisform zu gestalten. Je nach Anforderungen und Verwendungszweck können in den verschiedenen Ebenen 4, 4' Stäbe 2, 2' mit gleicher Formgebung und gleichen Zugfestigkeiten verwendet werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, in den verschiedenen Ebenen 4, 4' verschiedene Stäbe 2, 2' aus unterschiedlichem Material und/oder mit verschiedenen Zugfestigkeiten und/oder mit verschiedenen Durchmessern zu verwenden. Dies kann vor allem bei der Verwendung der Gitterkonstruktion als Betonbewehrung günstig sein, wenn die Zugbelastung in den beiden Ebenen 4 und 4' unterschiedlich groß ist. Zur Anpassung an die Zugbelastungen der Gesamtkonstruktion kann neben diesen Maßnahmen aber auch eine Anpassung der Abstände benachbarter Stäbe 2 oder 2' in den jeweiligen Ebenen 4, 4' vorgenommen werden. Für hohe Zugbelastungen kann zum Beispiel ein geringerer Abstand der Stäbe 2 oder 2' in den Ebenen 4, 4' vorgesehen sein, wodurch dann mehr Stäbe entlang der Längserstreckung 9 zu finden sind. Dies resultiert dann in einem kleineren Winkel β (siehe Fig. 2). Für geringe Zugbelastungen kann der Abstand bzw. der Winkel β entsprechend größer gewählt werden.The rods 2, 2 'are straight in the embodiment shown and have a circular cross-section. This is preferably provided, since no special shaping of the bars 2, 2 'is necessary, which in turn simplifies the manufacturability of the grid. However, it is also possible in other embodiments, the bars 2, 2 'following the requirements of the overall construction to perform bent or shape their cross section deviating from the circular shape. Depending on the requirements and intended use, rods 2, 2 'having the same shape and equal tensile strengths can be used in the various planes 4, 4'. However, it is also possible to use different rods 2, 2 'made of different materials and / or with different tensile strengths and / or with different diameters in the different planes 4, 4'. This can be beneficial, especially when using the grid construction as a concrete reinforcement, when the tensile load in the two levels 4 and 4 'is different. In order to adapt to the tensile loads of the overall construction in addition to these measures but also an adjustment of the distances of adjacent bars 2 or 2 'in the respective levels 4, 4' are made. For high tensile loads, for example, a smaller distance of the rods 2 or 2 'in the planes 4, 4' may be provided, which then more rods are to be found along the longitudinal extent 9. This then results in a smaller angle β (see Fig. 2 ). For low tensile loads, the distance or the angle β can be selected to be correspondingly larger.

Insbesondere beim Betonbau können darüber hinaus die frei zugänglichen Zwischenräume 13 dazu genutzt werden, um dort z.B. Verrohrungen, Leerverrohrungen oder Körper mit geringerer Dichte einzubringen. Durch die Körper mit geringerer Dichte kann in dem zentralen Teil der Gesamtkonstruktion dann Gewicht gespart werden, da hier kein Beton vonnöten ist. Werden in die Freiräume 13 Verrohrungen oder Leerverrohrungen eingebracht, so ist dies ein einfacher und eleganter Weg, um Wasser- oder Strom- oder anderweitige Versorgungsleitungen im Betonkörper zu verlegen.In particular, in concrete construction, moreover, the freely accessible intermediate spaces 13 can be used to Piping, empty piping or bodies with lower density to bring. By the body with lower density can be saved in the central part of the overall construction then weight, since no concrete is needed here. If pipes or empty piping are introduced into the free spaces, this is a simple and elegant way of laying water or electricity or other supply lines in the concrete body.

In den gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß Fig. 1 bis 10 sind die Drahtbahnen 1, 1' bzw. deren Schlaufen 3 durch Verdrehen bzw. Verkippen in zwei unterschiedliche Richtungen mit den Stäben 2, 2' verklemmt. Die Fig. 5a-5c dienen der Erläuterung des Verklemmens durch Verdrehen der Drahtbahnen 1, 1' gegenüber den Stäben 2, 2' in eine erste Richtung. Anhand der Fig. 6a-6c wird das zusätzliche Verkippen der Drahtbahnen 1, 1' gegen die Stäbe 2, 2' in einer zweiten Richtung gezeigt. Die Fig. 7a-7c zeigen das Endergebnis.In the illustrated embodiments according to Fig. 1 to 10 are the wire webs 1, 1 'and their loops 3 by twisting or tilting in two different directions with the rods 2, 2 'jammed. The Fig. 5a-5c serve to explain the jamming by twisting the wire webs 1, 1 'relative to the bars 2, 2' in a first direction. Based on Fig. 6a-6c the additional tilting of the wire webs 1, 1 'is shown against the bars 2, 2' in a second direction. The Fig. 7a-7c show the end result.

Fig. 5b zeigt in einer Draufsicht auf die Gitterkonstruktion zunächst die Stellung, in der die Stäbe 2' in die Schlaufen 3 im Wesentlichen frei einführbar sind. Die Fläche der inneren Öffnung der Schlaufe 3 ist dabei so groß gewählt, dass der Stab 2, 2' bei seiner Anordnung im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Öffnungsebene 14 der Schlaufe 3 in Richtung seiner Längserstreckung 11 im Wesentlichen frei bewegbar in der Schlaufe ist. In dieser Stellung kann der Stab 2' in die Schlaufe 3 eingeschoben werden. Zum Erreichen des Verklemmens wird die Drahtbahn, dargestellt durch die Schenkel 6, 6', dann in Richtung der in Fig. 5b gezeigten Pfeile gedreht, bis sie in der in Fig. 5c gezeigten Draufsicht im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Längserstreckung 11 der Stäbe 2, 2' verdreht angeordnet ist. In dieser Stellung ist der Stab 2' durch Verdrehen in eine erste Richtung bereits durch Verklemmen sehr fest in der Schlaufe 3 gehalten. Um dies zu ermöglichen, ist die Öffnungsebene 14 in einem von 0° abweichenden Winkel gegen die Längserstreckung 9 der Drahtbahn bzw. gegen die Ebene 12 der Drahtbahn 1, 1' angeordnet. Der Winkel zwischen der Öffnungsebene 14 und der Ebene 12 der Drahtbahn wird im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel durch die Größe der Fläche der inneren Öffnung der Schlaufe 3, die Drahtdicke und den Abstand der Schenkel 6, 6' im Kreuzungsbereich 5 vorgegeben. Um ein ausreichend festes Verklemmen bereits in dieser Position zu erreichen, ist ein Drehwinkel a zwischen 20 bis 30° günstig. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt a ca. 25°. Der Winkel zwischen den beiden Ebenen 12 und 14 entspricht günstigerweise dem benötigten Drehwinkel α. Fig. 5a zeigt in einer Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 3 die Stellung zwischen dem Stab 2' und der Drahtbahn 1 vor Beginn des Verdrehens, also in der in einer Draufsicht in Fig. 5b gezeigten Stellung. Fig. 5b shows in a plan view of the grid construction, first the position in which the rods 2 'in the loops 3 are substantially freely inserted. The area of the inner opening of the loop 3 is chosen so large that the rod 2, 2 'in its arrangement substantially perpendicular to the opening plane 14 of the loop 3 in the direction of its longitudinal extent 11 is substantially freely movable in the loop. In this position, the rod 2 'can be inserted into the loop 3. To achieve the jamming, the wire web, represented by the legs 6, 6 ', then in the direction of in Fig. 5b shown arrows until they are in the in Fig. 5c shown top view is arranged substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal extension 11 of the rods 2, 2 'twisted. In this position, the rod 2 'by turning in a first direction already held by clamping very firmly in the loop 3. In order to make this possible, the opening plane 14 is arranged at an angle deviating from 0 ° relative to the longitudinal extent 9 of the wire web or against the plane 12 of the wire web 1, 1 '. The angle between the opening plane 14 and the plane 12 of the wire web is specified in the embodiment shown by the size of the surface of the inner opening of the loop 3, the wire thickness and the distance between the legs 6, 6 'in the intersection region 5. In order to achieve a sufficiently strong jamming already in this position, a rotation angle a between 20 to 30 ° is favorable. In the illustrated embodiment, a is about 25 °. The angle between the two planes 12 and 14 suitably corresponds to the required angle of rotation α. Fig. 5a shows in a side view according to Fig. 3 the position between the rod 2 'and the wire web 1 before the beginning of twisting, so in the in a plan view in Fig. 5b shown position.

Zusätzlich zu dem Verdrehen gemäß den Fig. 5a bis 5c werden die Drahtbahnen 1, 1' beim gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel auch noch in einer Seitenansicht auf die Gitterkonstruktion gegen eine Längserstreckung 11 der Drahtbahnen 1, 1' in einem von der Senkrechten 8 abweichenden Winkel β verkippt angeordnet. Fig. 6b zeigt in einer Seitenansicht den Zustand vor dem Verkippen in Richtung der in dieser Figur eingezeichneten Pfeile. Fig. 6c zeigt den Zustand nach erfolgtem Verkippen. Der Kippwinkel β beträgt günstigerweise zwischen 20 und 40°, im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ca. 30°. Die Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 6c ist eine Detaildarstellung aus Fig. 2, in der der Kippwinkel β ebenfalls eingezeichnet ist. Bei der Herstellung der Gitterkonstruktion werden zunächst die Stäbe 2, 2' in der in Fig. 5b gezeigten Stellung in die Schlaufen 3 eingeschoben. Anschließend erfolgt das Verdrehen in die Stellung gemäß Fig. 5c, also das Verdrehen in eine erste Richtung. In einem weiteren Arbeitsschritt erfolgt dann das Verkippen um den Winkel β in eine zweite Richtung, was in der in Fig. 6c gezeigten Stellung resultiert. Die Fig. 7a, 7b und 7c zeigen Detaildarstellungen zum Endresultat dieses Verdrehens und Verkippens. Auch wenn das Verklemmen der Stäbe 2, 2' in den Schlaufen 3 der Drahtbahn 1, 1' günstigerweise durch beide Dreh- bzw. Kippvorgänge herbeigeführt wird, so ist es dennoch möglich, die Befestigung nur durch Verdrehen oder nur durch Verkippen herbeizuführen. Darüber hinaus ist klar, dass es beim Verdrehen und/oder Verkippen lediglich auf die Relativbewegung zwischen Drahtbahnen 1, 1' und Stäben 2, 2' ankommt. Es ist also gleichgültig, ob die Stäbe 2, 2' gegen die Drahtbahnen 1, 1' verdreht und/oder verkippt werden oder umgekehrt.In addition to twisting according to the Fig. 5a to 5c are the wire webs 1, 1 'in the embodiment shown also tilted in a side view of the grid structure against a longitudinal extent 11 of the wire webs 1, 1' in an angle deviating from the vertical 8 angle β. Fig. 6b shows in a side view the state before tilting in the direction of the arrows drawn in this figure. Fig. 6c shows the state after tilting. The tilt angle β is favorably between 20 and 40 °, in the illustrated embodiment about 30 °. The side view according to Fig. 6c is a detailed view Fig. 2 in which the tilt angle β is also drawn. In the manufacture of the grid construction, first the bars 2, 2 'in the in Fig. 5b shown position inserted into the loops 3. Subsequently, the rotation takes place in the position according to Fig. 5c So, turning in a first direction. In a further step then the tilting takes place by the angle β in a second direction, which in the in Fig. 6c shown position results. The Fig. 7a, 7b and 7c show detailed views of the final result of this twisting and tilting. Although the jamming of the rods 2, 2 'in the loops 3 of the wire web 1, 1' is favorably brought about by both turning and tilting operations, it is still possible to bring about the attachment only by twisting or only by tilting. In addition, it is clear that when turning and / or tilting, only the relative movement between wire webs 1, 1 'and bars 2, 2' arrives. It is therefore immaterial whether the bars 2, 2 'against the wire webs 1, 1' twisted and / or tilted or vice versa.

Die Drahtdicken sind im Allgemeinen geringer als der kleinste Durchmesser der Stäbe 2, 2'. Im Sinne eines möglichst festen Verklemmens ist es günstig, wenn die Drahtdicke höchstens die Hälfte des kleinsten Durchmessers der Stäbe 2, 2' beträgt.The wire thicknesses are generally smaller than the smallest diameter of the rods 2, 2 '. In terms of the most rigid possible jamming, it is favorable if the wire thickness is at most half the smallest diameter of the rods 2, 2 '.

Die Drähte der Drahtbahnen 1, 1' weisen günstigerweise Stahl mit Drahtdicken zwischen 1,6 und 2,8 mm auf oder bestehen aus einem solchen Stahl. Je nach Aufgabenstellung sind dabei in der Regel Zugfestigkeiten des verwendeten Materials zwischen 400 und 600 N/mm2 zu wählen. Die Stäbe 2, 2' weisen im Allgemeinen höhere Zugfestigkeiten als die Drähte - meist im Bereich zwischen 400 und 2500 N/mm2 - auf. Die Stäbe 2, 2' können aber nicht nur aus entsprechenden Stählen sondern z.B. auch aus, vorzugsweise hochzugfesten und/oder faserverstärkten, Kunststoffen bestehen oder diese aufweisen. Auch hier ist auf entsprechende Zugfestigkeitswerte zu achten.The wires of the wire webs 1, 1 'favorably have steel with wire thicknesses between 1.6 and 2.8 mm or consist of such a steel. Depending on the task, tensile strengths of the material used between 400 and 600 N / mm 2 are usually to be selected. The bars 2, 2 'generally have higher tensile strengths than the wires - usually in the range between 400 and 2500 N / mm 2 - on. However, the rods 2, 2 'can consist not only of corresponding steels but also of, for example, preferably high-tensile and / or fiber-reinforced plastics or have these. Again, pay attention to appropriate tensile strength values.

Wird Stahl als Material für die Stäbe 2, 2' oder die Drähte der Drahtbahnen 1, 1' gewählt, so kann zum Korrosionsschutz ein Überzug, vorzugsweise aus einer oder mehreren Zink- oder Zinklegierungsschichten, vorgesehen werden. Günstig ist dabei bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Gitterkonstruktion, dass der anfangs auf die Stäbe 2, 2' und die Drähte der Drahtbahn 1, 1' aufgebrachte Überzug durch die Herstellung der Konstruktion nicht zerstört oder beeinträchtigt wird. Anstelle eines Überzugs kann zum Korrosionsschutz natürlich auch ein entsprechend ausgebildeter, nicht rostender Stahl gewählt werden. Bei der Auswahl des Materials und des Überzugs kann der Fachmann auf bestehende Normen zurückgreifen. Diese wären für Bewehrung von Beton die EN 10080. Es kann auch auf Materialien, welche gemäß der EN 10223 für die Herstellung von Zäunen bekannt sind, ausgewichen werden. Auch in der EN 10264, welche sich hauptsächlich mit der Herstellung von Seilen befasst, findet der Fachmann entsprechende Materialangaben. Auch die EN 10337 für Spannstahldrähte und die EN 15630-1 für die Bewehrung und das Vorspannen von Beton können herangezogen werden. Bezüglich Überzügen zum Korrosionsschutz ist die EN 10244 bei Bedarf heranzuziehen. Entsprechende nicht rostende Stähle sind in der EN 10088 zu finden. Die Wahl des Materials wie auch die Frage, ob die oberen Stäbe 2' und die unteren Stäbe 2 aus demselben Material mit denselben Zugfestigkeiten hergestellt sind oder nicht, ist immer auf die entsprechenden Erfordernisse abzustimmen, um eine optimale Anpassung an den Verwendungszweck zu gewährleisten.If steel is selected as the material for the rods 2, 2 'or the wires of the wire webs 1, 1', a coating, preferably of one or more zinc or zinc alloy layers, may be provided for corrosion protection. It is favorable in a lattice construction according to the invention that the initially applied to the bars 2, 2 'and the wires of the wire web 1, 1' coating is not destroyed or impaired by the manufacture of the construction. Instead of a coating, of course, a suitably trained, stainless steel can be selected for corrosion protection. In selecting the material and the coating, the skilled person can rely on existing standards To fall back on. These would be EN 10080 for reinforcement of concrete. It may also be used on materials known for the manufacture of fences according to EN 10223. Also in EN 10264, which deals mainly with the production of ropes, the skilled artisan corresponding material. Also EN 10337 for prestressing steel wires and EN 15630-1 for reinforcement and prestressing of concrete can be used. With regard to coatings for corrosion protection, EN 10244 should be used if necessary. Corresponding stainless steels can be found in EN 10088. The choice of material as well as the question whether the upper bars 2 'and the lower bars 2 are made of the same material with the same tensile strengths or not, must always be tailored to the respective requirements in order to ensure an optimal adaptation to the intended use.

Die Fig. 8a bis 8d zeigen verschiedene Möglichkeiten, wie die Enden der Drahtbahnen 2, 2' gebogen sein können. Ein Umbiegen der Enden ist aber nicht zwingend erforderlich. Eine hakenförmige Ausbildung der Enden der Stäbe 2, 2' gemäß den Fig. 8a und 8b kann dazu vorgesehen sein, einen solchen Haken in benachbarte Paneele der Konstruktion oder dergleichen einzuhaken. Das Vorsehen von ringartigen Abschlüssen gemäß den Fig. 8c und 8d kann vorgesehen sein, wenn zur Materialersparnis auf ein Überlappen zweier benachbarter Gitterkonstruktionen verzichtet werden soll. Durch die Ringe ist es möglich, zwei Paneele bzw. Gitterkonstruktionen mit einem in die Ringe eingeschobenen Steckstab zu verbinden. Steht die Materialersparnis nicht zwingend im Vordergrund, so kann die Verbindung zwischen zwei Paneelen bzw. Gitterkonstruktionen auch einfach durch Ineinanderlegen zweier benachbarter Paneele erreicht werden. Hierzu ist es besonders günstig, wenn - wie in den Fig. 1, 3 und 4 gezeigt - die Gitterkonstruktion auf einer Seite der Längserstreckung 9 der Drahtbahnen 1 mit einem unteren Stab 2a und auf der anderen Seite mit einem oberen Stab 2b' endet. Bei dieser Konstruktion reicht es zur Verbindung der einzelnen Paneele aus, diese einfach ineinander zu legen. Die Fig. 9a bis 9c zeigen verschiedene Varianten, wie das Ende der Drähte der Drahtbahnen 1, 1' ausgebildet sein kann.The Fig. 8a to 8d show various ways in which the ends of the wire webs 2, 2 'can be bent. However, bending the ends is not absolutely necessary. A hook-shaped formation of the ends of the rods 2, 2 'according to the Fig. 8a and 8b may be intended to hook such a hook in adjacent panels of the construction or the like. The provision of ring-like terminations according to the Fig. 8c and 8d can be provided if the material savings on overlapping two adjacent grid structures should be dispensed with. Through the rings, it is possible to connect two panels or grid structures with an inserted into the rings connecting rod. If the material savings are not necessarily in the foreground, then the connection between two panels or grid structures can also be achieved simply by placing two adjacent panels into each other. For this it is particularly favorable if - as in the Fig. 1 . 3 and 4 shown - the grid construction ends on one side of the longitudinal extent 9 of the wire webs 1 with a lower rod 2a and on the other side with an upper rod 2b '. In this construction, it is sufficient to connect the individual panels, these simply put together. The Fig. 9a to 9c show different variants, as the end of the wires of the wire webs 1, 1 'may be formed.

Für Bauhöhen der Gitterkonstruktion, also Abständen zwischen den Ebenen 4 und 4' bzw. den Mitten der Stäbe 2, 2' von 45 mm, 75 mm oder 100 mm, sind günstigerweise Zugstäbe aus Stahl mit einem Durchmesser von 3,0 mm zu wählen. Bei Bauhöhen von 125 mm ist meist ein Stabdurchmesser von 4,0 mm und bei Bauhöhen von 150 mm ein Stabdurchmesser von 5,0 mm günstig. Die Länge der Gitterkonstruktion bzw. Paneele, also ihre Erstreckung in Richtung 11, ist grundsätzlich an den Bedarf und die Transportmöglichkeiten anzupassen. Im Erdbau, bei dem die Gitterkonstruktion als Bodenbefestigungsgitter eingesetzt wird, sind häufig Paneellängen von ca. 3 m bevorzugt. Bei der Verwendung als Betonbewehrung können die Gitterlängen sich an heutigen Normbaulängen orientieren. Dies sind z.B. 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 und 12,50 m. Nichtsdestotrotz kann die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion in beliebigen Längen und Größen hergestellt werden. Auch ein Zuschnitt vor Ort auf der Baustelle auf die passenden Längen und Breiten ist jederzeit möglich.For construction heights of the grid construction, ie distances between the levels 4 and 4 'and the centers of the bars 2, 2' of 45 mm, 75 mm or 100 mm, are conveniently steel tie rods with a diameter of 3.0 mm to choose. With construction heights of 125 mm, a rod diameter of 4.0 mm is usually favorable and with a construction height of 150 mm, a rod diameter of 5.0 mm is favorable. The length of the grid construction or panels, ie their extension in the direction of 11, is basically to adapt to the needs and transport options. In earthworks, in which the grid construction is used as a floor mounting grid, panel lengths of about 3 m are often preferred. When used as concrete reinforcement, the grid lengths can be based on today's standard lengths. These are eg 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 12.50 m. Nevertheless, the construction according to the invention can be made in any length and size. Even a cut on site at the construction site to the appropriate lengths and widths is possible at any time.

Fig. 10 zeigt in einer zu Fig. 2 analogen Seitenansicht, dass die Schlaufen 3 nicht unmittelbar benachbart bzw. aneinander anliegend auf den Stäben 2, 2' angeordnet sein müssen. Es kann gemäß Fig. 10 auch ein größerer Abstand zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten Drahtbahnen 1, 1' entlang der Längserstreckung 11 der Stäbe 2, 2' gewählt werden, was zu einer Material- und Gewichtsersparnis führt. Fig. 10 shows in one too Fig. 2 analog side view that the loops 3 not immediately adjacent or adjacent to each other on the bars 2, 2 'must be arranged. It can according to Fig. 10 Also, a greater distance between each two adjacent wire webs 1, 1 'along the longitudinal extension 11 of the rods 2, 2' are selected, resulting in a material and weight savings.

Das erste Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 bis 4 hat jedoch den Vorteil, dass sich die Schlaufen 3 benachbarter Drahtbahnen 1 und 1' bei hoher Belastung zusätzlich zum Verklemmen auch aneinander abstützen können.The first embodiment according to Fig. 1 to 4 However, has the advantage that the loops 3 adjacent wire webs 1 and 1 'at high load in addition to jamming can also support each other.

In den Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß der Fig. 1 bis 10 sind die Schlaufen 3 im Wesentlichen geschlossen ausgebildet, indem sich jeweils zwei Schenkel 6, 6' der Drähte zur Ausbildung einer der Schlaufen in einem Kreuzungsbereich 5 kreuzen, wobei der kleinste Abstand der Schenkel 6, 6' der Drähte zueinander im Kreuzungsbereich 5 kleiner als das Dreifache der Drahtdicke, insbesondere kleiner als die Drahtdicke, ist. Dies ist aber nicht die einzige Möglichkeit im Wesentlichen geschlossene Schlaufen zu erzeugen.In the embodiments according to the Fig. 1 to 10 the loops 3 are formed substantially closed, by crossing two legs 6, 6 'of the wires to form one of the loops in an intersection region 5, wherein the smallest distance of the legs 6, 6' of the wires to each other in the intersection region 5 is smaller than that Threefold the wire thickness, in particular smaller than the wire thickness is. However, this is not the only way to create essentially closed loops.

Die Fig. 11a und 11b zeigen in Detaildarstellungen analog zu den Fig. 7b und 7c eine Variante, bei der der Draht zur Ausbildung der Schlaufe 3 mehr als 360° um das gedachte Zentrum der Schlaufe 3 gewunden ist. Hieraus ergibt sich eine spiralförmige Anordnung des Drahtes im Bereich der Schlaufe 3. Bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 11a und 11b ist darüber hinaus zusätzlich noch das Kriterium erfüllt, dass die Schenkel 6 und 6' nicht weiter als die dreifache Drahtdicke voneinander im Kreuzungsbereich 5 entfernt sind. Dies muss aber nicht zwingend vorgesehen sein, da die Schlaufe 3 bereits durch die spiralförmige Anordnung des Drahtes im Wesentlichen geschlossen ist. Die Drähte liegen im Bereich der Schlaufe 3 günstigerweise wiederum aneinander an. Auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel kann der Stab 2 bzw. 2' zum Verklemmen in der Schlaufe in zwei Richtungen verdreht und verkippt werden. Analog wie dies in den Fig. 5a bis 6c für das erste Ausführungsbeispiel gezeigt ist. Insbesondere bei der spiralförmigen Ausbildung der Schlaufe reicht es aber häufig bereits aus, die Stäbe 2, 2' in den Schlaufen 3 entweder nur zu verkippen oder nur zu verdrehen.The Fig. 11a and 11b show detailed views analogous to the Fig. 7b and 7c a variant in which the wire to form the loop 3 is wound more than 360 ° around the imaginary center of the loop 3. This results in a helical arrangement of the wire in the region of the loop 3. In the embodiment shown according to Fig. 11a and 11b Moreover, in addition, the criterion is satisfied that the legs 6 and 6 'are not more than three times the thickness of the wire away from each other in the crossing region 5. However, this need not necessarily be provided, since the loop 3 is already substantially closed by the helical arrangement of the wire. The wires are in the region of the loop 3 conveniently again together. Also with this Embodiment, the rod 2 or 2 'can be twisted and tilted in two directions for clamping in the loop. Analogous to that in the Fig. 5a to 6c for the first embodiment is shown. However, in particular in the helical formation of the loop, it is often sufficient to tilt the rods 2, 2 'either only in the loops 3 or only to turn them.

Das in Fig. 12a und 12b gezeigte vierte Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich dadurch, dass sich die Schenkel 6 und 6' nicht kreuzen. Sie sind in Laufrichtung um mehr als 360° gewickelt. Dadurch wird die Stapelbarkeit verbessert.This in Fig. 12a and 12b shown fourth embodiment differs in that the legs 6 and 6 'do not intersect. They are wound in the direction of travel by more than 360 °. This improves the stackability.

Bis auf den genannten Unterschied in der Ausbildung der im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Schlaufe, können das dritte und vierte Ausführungsbeispiel analog zu den beiden vorher gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen ausgeführt werden, sodass Darstellungen zur gesamten Gittérkonstruktion sowie Erläuterungen zu weiteren Details mit Verweis auf das zu den anderen Ausführungsbeispielen Gesagte entfallen können.Except for the mentioned difference in the formation of the substantially closed loop, the third and fourth embodiments can be carried out analogously to the two embodiments previously shown, so that representations to the entire grid construction and explanations to further details omitted with reference to the other embodiments omitted can.

Insgesamt wird eine einfach herzustellende, aber in ihrer Struktur sehr stabile Gitterkonstruktion zur Verfügung gestellt. Ein Verpressen oder anderweitiges zusätzliches Verbinden der quer zur Tragrichtung verlaufenden Drahtbahnen 1, 1' mit den Stäben 2, 2' ist nicht notwendig, da die auf Verklemmen beruhende Verbindung ohnedies ausreichend stabil ist. Hierdurch wird die Herstellung der Gitterkonstruktion zusätzlich deutlich verbilligt. Bei der Verwendung der Gitterkonstruktion als Bodenbefestigungsgitter wird eine besonders gute Einspannung des Füllmaterials erreicht, da eine dichte Drahtbahndiagonalverspannung zwischen den oberen und unteren Stäben 2, 2' gegeben ist.Overall, a simple to produce, but in their structure very stable grid construction is provided. Pressing or otherwise additionally connecting the wire webs 1, 1 'running transversely to the supporting direction with the bars 2, 2' is not necessary, since the clamping-based connection is anyway sufficiently stable. As a result, the production of the grid construction is also significantly cheaper. When using the grid construction as a ground-mounting grid, a particularly good clamping of the filling material is achieved, since a dense wire web diagonal tension between the upper and lower bars 2, 2 'is given.

Claims (17)

  1. A grid structure, in particular of a reinforcement grid or ground consolidation grid, comprising a plurality of mutually juxtaposed wire webs formed from wires bent in a zigzag shape, and a plurality of bars which in particular extend in mutually parallel relationship, wherein the wires of the wire webs embrace the bars in the form of substantially closed loops, characterised in that for fastening to the wire webs (1, 1'), the bars (2, 2') are clamped in the loops (3) of the wire webs (1, 1') such that the bars (2, 2') for clamping in the loops (3) of the wire webs (1, 1') are arranged twisted or tilted relative to the opening planes of the of the loops (3).
  2. The grid structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the fastening of the bars (2, 2') in the loops (3) of the wire webs (1, 1') is based exclusively on clamping, optionally with additional contact of two adjacent loops against each other.
  3. The grid structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the bars (2, 2') for clamping in the loops (3) of the wire webs (1, 1') are arranged twisted or tilted at least in two directions with respect to the loops (3).
  4. The grid structure according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that for clamping the bars (2, 2') in the loops (3) the wire webs (1, 1') are arranged twisted in a top plan view onto the grid structure, preferably in a substantially perpendicular direction, relative to a longitudinal extent (11) of the bars (2, 2').
  5. The grid structure according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that for clamping the bars (2, 2') in the loops (3) the wire webs (1, 1') are, optionally additionally, arranged tilted in a side view of the grid structure with respect to the bars (2, 2') at an angle (β) differing from the perpendicular (8).
  6. The grid structure according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the area of an inner opening of a loop (3) is so large that when the bar (2,2') is arranged substantially perpendicularly to an opening plane of the loop (3), the bar (2, 2') is substantially freely movable in the direction of the longitudinal extent (11) of the bar (2, 2').
  7. The grid structure according to claim 6, characterised in that the opening plane (14) of the loop (3) is arranged at an angle differing from 0° with respect to the longitudinal extent (9) of the wire web (1, 1').
  8. The grid structure according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the wire thickness is less than the smallest diameter of the bars (2, 2'), preferably being at most half the smallest diameter of the bars (2, 2').
  9. The grid structure according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the loops (3) of two wire webs (1, 1') arranged adjacently on the bars (2, 2') do not engage into each other.
  10. The grid structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the wire webs (1, 1') are substantially flat in the sense that the height of the wire webs (1, 1') perpendicularly to their longitudinal extent (9) and perpendicularly to their transverse extent (10) is less than five times, preferably less than three times, the wire thickness of the wire web (1, 1').
  11. The grid structure according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the bars (2, 2') are arranged in at least two mutually spaced planes (4, 4').
  12. The grid structure according to claim 11, characterised in that the spacing (7) of the planes (4, 4') formed by the bars (2, 2') from each other is a multiple, preferably at least ten times, the maximum diameter of the bars (2, 2').
  13. The grid structure according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the bars (2, 2') of various planes (4, 4') have different tensile strengths.
  14. The grid structure according to one of the claims 11 to 13, characterised in that two adjacent loops (3) of a wire web (1, 1') embrace bars (2, 2') from different planes (4, 4').
  15. The grid structure according to one of the claims 1 to 14, characterised in that each two limbs (6, 6') of the wires cross in a crossing region (5) in order to form a loop (3), wherein in the crossing region (5) the smallest spacing of the limbs (6, 6') of the wires relative to each other is less than three times the wire thickness, in particular less than the wire thickness.
  16. The grid structure according to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the wire of the wire web (1, 1') is wound through more than 360° around a center of the loop (3) in order to produce the substantially closed loop (3).
  17. The grid structure according to claim 16, characterised in that the limbs (6, 6') adjoining the loops (3) do not cross.
EP07718441A 2006-10-18 2007-05-11 Grid structure Active EP2097191B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07718441T PL2097191T3 (en) 2006-10-18 2007-05-11 Grid structure

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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AT17372006 2006-10-18
AT0179106A AT503657B1 (en) 2006-10-18 2006-10-24 Reinforcement grid or floor mounting grid comprises wire paths, which are arranged next to one another and are formed by wires that are bent in a zig-zag shape, and parallel bars clamped within the loops of the paths
PCT/AT2007/000229 WO2008046117A1 (en) 2006-10-18 2007-05-11 Grid structure

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EP2097191A1 EP2097191A1 (en) 2009-09-09
EP2097191B1 true EP2097191B1 (en) 2010-04-28

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US (1) US20090235610A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2097191B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2010507030A (en)
AT (2) AT503657B1 (en)
DE (1) DE502007003633D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2344481T3 (en)
PL (1) PL2097191T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2008046117A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2844802B1 (en) * 2012-05-01 2018-07-11 MCT Mesh Construction Technology Holding B.V. SANDWICH PANEL and METHOD OF BUILDING SUCH A SANDWICH PANEL
DE102016124850A1 (en) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-21 Geobrugg Ag Lattice structure and method for producing a lattice structure

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191501422A (en) * 1915-01-28 1916-01-27 Arthur William Curran Schelff Improvements in or relating to Ferro-concrete Structures.
GB117915A (en) * 1917-06-08 1918-08-08 Joah Haigh Walker Improvements in and relating to Metal Reinforcement for Concrete.
US1727147A (en) * 1924-02-06 1929-09-03 Weston Harry Metal reenforcement for concrete structures
GB240018A (en) * 1924-10-27 1925-09-24 George William Stokes Improvements in or connected with metal re-inforcements for concrete and like work
GB374582A (en) * 1931-04-30 1932-06-16 Patrick Sandeman Reid Improvements relating to reinforcement for concrete and like constructions
US2140283A (en) * 1936-11-21 1938-12-13 Faber Herbert Alfred Monolithic slab floor construction
US3347007A (en) * 1964-12-18 1967-10-17 Jesse R Hale Embedded spaced truss structures
JP3004226B2 (en) * 1997-07-11 2000-01-31 一志 毅 Slope protection method and wire mesh used for the method
JP3043000B2 (en) * 1997-10-02 2000-05-22 侃 田代 Space truss composite board
JPH11293678A (en) * 1998-04-09 1999-10-26 Takeshi Isshi Slope protection construction method
JP2886160B1 (en) * 1998-05-19 1999-04-26 沼田金属工業株式会社 Floor structural materials
AT412356B (en) * 2003-04-02 2005-01-25 Krismer Josef GRID CONSTRUCTION

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ATE465831T1 (en) 2010-05-15
ES2344481T3 (en) 2010-08-27
EP2097191A1 (en) 2009-09-09
JP2010507030A (en) 2010-03-04
WO2008046117A1 (en) 2008-04-24
AT503657A4 (en) 2007-12-15
PL2097191T3 (en) 2010-10-29
US20090235610A1 (en) 2009-09-24
DE502007003633D1 (en) 2010-06-10
AT503657B1 (en) 2007-12-15

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