EP0136283B1 - Reinforcement for reinforced concrete construction - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Reinforcement for reinforced-concrete structures, especially a basket reinforcement for bar-shaped constructional parts, such as stays, bearers, piles and the like, and plane sheet-like constructional parts, such as walls, ceilings and the like, consisting of at least one pair of plane and/or angular and/or curved hoop elements which have bends at the ends of their hoops and at least one connecting bar located at a distance from these, at least one draw-in bar being insertable through the mutually aligned bends of at least two hoop elements, with the result that the hoop elements form a reinforcing basket and are connected to one another inseparably and non-positively, characterized in that the connecting bar (2; 9; 18; 23; 35) is attached to the open bends from inside or outside at a distance Y1 or Z1 from the outer edge of the open bend, this distance Y1 or Z1 between the outer edge of the bend and the connecting bar corresponding approximately to D + 2,O1, in which D represents the diameter of the bend and O1 the bar diameter of the hoop (1; 8; 13; 17; 24; 28; 35), and in that, by pushing the hoop elements (E1, E2; E6, E7; E10; E14; E16; E20) one into the other in a way known per se, the open bends together form a closed eye, through which the draw-in bar (4, 5; 16, 20, 21; 33; 34; 38) can be inserted.

Description

The invention relates to reinforcement for reinforced concrete structures, in particular basket reinforcement for rod-shaped, such as supports, beams, piles and the like, and flat, planar components, such as walls, ceilings and the like, consisting of at least one pair of flat and / or angular and / or curved bracket elements which have bends at the ends of their brackets and at least one connecting rod at a distance therefrom, at least one pull-in bar being insertable by the aligned bends of at least two bracket elements, as a result of which the bracket elements form a reinforcement cage and are inseparable and non-positive with one another are connected.

The reinforcement for rod-shaped reinforced concrete components, such as beams, columns, piles, diaphragm walls and the like, traditionally consists of load-bearing reinforcing bars which run in the longitudinal direction of the component and which are combined with brackets. Closed components are used for components that are subject to pressure, such as supports. For components that are subject to bending, such as beams, open brackets are used in the center of the field, but closed in the support area.

This classic embodiment of the reinforcement for rod-shaped reinforced concrete components is associated with a very high amount of work and requires that the reinforcement cages must be knitted on the construction site, specifically for supports outside, for beams but mainly in the formwork. The work is made more difficult because the reinforcement bars have to spill over from one field to the other and the reinforcement bars run spatially in all three directions at the crossing points, beams with beams and supports, with each individual reinforcement bar being pushed into the closed reinforcement cage got to.

The previous difficulties in the production of spatial reinforcement cages can thus be divided into two main groups.

First, one has to knit together spatial reinforcement cages from the relatively thin stirrups and the longitudinal assembly bars. The large amount of work and the low weight of the reinforcement cages result in a very high ton price.

Secondly, the load-bearing longitudinal reinforcement bars must be threaded into the expensive baskets. However, these reinforcing bars often have a length of 5, 6 and more meters. In addition, they usually have to extend beyond the support. The overhead reinforcement must even extend up to half over the support, which is normally the point of intersection between the beam and the beam or column.

In order to at least rationalize the laborious straining of the reinforcement cages, more and more ironing mats are being used. However, one must expect an increase in transport costs, since closed hanger baskets made of mats are not stable on the one hand, and on the other hand have low weight and large volume.

As a result, one has saved on labor costs, but has to accept increased freight costs to about the same extent. Solutions to the problems outlined in this way are sought again and again and all over the world. In the Federal Republic of Germany e.g. According to DIN 1045, a series of open bow baskets, especially for designs in structural steel mesh, has been approved. Adhesion in the concrete takes place on the one hand by welding one or two longitudinal bars to the end of the bow baskets, on the other hand by bending the ends of the bow basket, either inwards or outwards. However, these embodiments do not completely solve the problem, because this only partially enables the stacking of the reinforcement cages, which can reduce freight costs, but the assembly of the reinforcement cages and the threading of the longitudinal reinforcement must still take place on the construction site, since after the assembly the reinforcement cages are in turn not stackable.

An at least partial solution to the aforementioned problems is made possible by an arrangement of the type mentioned at the beginning, for example from DE-A-2 614 026, according to which a reinforcement cage consists of longitudinal reinforcement bars which are fastened to transverse ring elements of the cage. These ring elements consist of two mats with longitudinal and cross bars, which are connected by spot welding. Each of these mats is bent along their longitudinal edges so that their crossbars form aligned eyelets: after an approximately circular arc-shaped bend, the bent back end of the crossbar is brought up to it again and placed parallel and in contact with it, so that a closed eyelet is formed. The bent back ends of the cross bars are connected and held together by the outer longitudinal bars. These meshes are arched into semicircular cylinders and then spot welded to the longitudinal reinforcement bars. For final assembly, two such longitudinal halves are pushed into one another until the rows of eyelets are aligned on both sides, and two further longitudinal reinforcement bars are then inserted through these rows of eyelets.

The disadvantage of this known arrangement is the production of the eyelets, which requires a lot of work; Furthermore, the final assembly is difficult because it is not possible to secure the aligned rows of eyelets in position: the connecting rods are formed by the longitudinal mat rods and are unable to secure the position in this way.

The object of the invention is to provide reinforcement of the type mentioned at the outset, which avoids the difficulties described, and which offers the possibility of a simple reinforcement offers professional production, namely both the bracket with its eyelets and the load-bearing longitudinal reinforcement in the form of stackable elements, whereby the assembly of these parts on the construction site, in hardly any time, can be carried out easily and without complaint while securing the rows of eyelets when threading, and where A wide range of possible basket reinforcements can be produced, the elements of which are designed to be non-positive and fully resilient.

According to the invention, the reinforcement of the type mentioned is characterized in that the connecting rod is attached to the open bends from the inside or outside at a distance Y1 or Z1 from the outer edge of the open bend, this distance Y1 or Z1 between the Outer edge of the bend and the connecting rod corresponds approximately to D + 2.01, where D is the diameter of the bend and 01 is the rod diameter of the bracket, and that by pushing the bracket elements into one another, known per se, the open bends together form a closed eyelet through which the pull-in rod can be inserted .

According to the essence of the invention, two bracket elements are thus arranged side by side so that their open bends, which are therefore easy to produce by bending, are aligned; the pull-in rod is then inserted through these bends forming a closed eyelet, the connecting rods associated with the open bends cooperating in such a way that securing the position of the closed eyelet for threading the pull-in rod is ensured. After this threading, the elements are folded towards each other until their other open bends are also in alignment, through the closed eyelet of which they are formed, with appropriate securing of the position, then the other pull-in rod is pushed, making the spatial reinforcement cage easy to produce in this way.

Another feature of the invention is that at least two bracket elements are combined to form a partial reinforcement element by longitudinal reinforcement bars extending along them. Such partial reinforcement elements can be easily prefabricated in the desired length, transported in a space-saving manner and simply combined into baskets.

To assemble a reinforcement according to the invention, according to a further feature of the invention, the procedure is such that at least one pair of stirrup elements or partial reinforcement elements with the open bends at one end of their stirrups are aligned with the formation of a closed eyelet, so that the pull-in rod then passes through this eyelet is inserted that thereupon the elements are folded towards each other until the open bends at the other ends of their brackets are in alignment with the formation of a further closed eyelet, and that another pull-in rod is then inserted through this eyelet, further elements and pull-in rods being interposed if necessary can.

In this way, basket reinforcements of any desired type can be put together quickly and easily.

• Fig. 1 ein Bügelelement E1 in Stirnansicht,
• Fig. 2 dieses in Seitenansicht in Richtung Pfeil 1 der Fig. 1, und
• Fig. 3 dieses in Draufsicht in Richtung Pfeil 2 der Fig. 1,
• Fig. 4 dieses in Seitenansicht und
• Fig. 5 dieses in Draufsicht, jedoch in gegenüber den Fig. 2 und 3 schematischer Darstellung,
• Fig. 6 ein aus solchen Bügelelementen E1 und den benötigten Längsbewehrungsstäben zusammengesetztes Teilbewehrungselement E2 in schematischer Seitenansicht, die
• Fig. 7 bis 9 das Zusammensetzen von zwei gleichartigen Elementen E2 schrittweise zu einem geschlossenen Bewehrungskorb E3 in Stirnansichten,
• Fig. 10 eine Stirnansicht eines Aussteifungselementes E4,
• Fig. 11 dieses in Seitenansicht,
• Fig. 12 und 13 das schrittweise Zusammensetzen eines geschlossenen Bewehrungskorbes E5, bei welchem die Längsbewehrungsstäbe durch Einbau der Elemente E4 gegen Knicken zusätzlich gesichert sind, in Stirnansichten,
• Fig. 14 ein Bügelelement E6 in Stirnansicht,
• Fig. 15 dieses in Seitenansicht,
• Fig. 16 ein Teilbewehrungselement E7 in schematischer Seitenansicht, welches aus den Elementen E6 und einer Längsbewehrung besteht,
• Fig. 17 das gleiche Element E7 in Stirnansicht,
• Fig. 18 ein Bügelelement E8 in Stirnansicht,
• Fig. 19 ein daraus und einer Längsbewehrung zusammengesetztes Teilbewehrungselement E9 in schematischer Seitenansicht, die
• Fig. 20 bis 23 in Stirnansichten das schrittweise Zusammensetzen der Elemente E7 und E9 zu einem offenen Bewehrungskorb E11 nach Fig. 23,
• Fig. 24 ein Schubbewehrungselement E10 in Stirnansicht,
• Fig. 25 einen Montagebügel in Seitenansicht, die
• Fig. 26 bis 29 das schrittweise Zusammensetzen eines geschlossenen Bewehrungskorbes E12 aus den Elementen E7, E9 und E10 in Stirnansichten,
• Fig. 30 den geschlossenen Bewehrungskorb E12 mit eingebauten Schubbewehrungselementen E10 in Stirnansicht,
• Fig. 31 einen geschlossenen Bewehrungskorb E13 mit Plattenanschlußbewehrung in Stirnansicht, die
• Fig. 32 und 33 in Stirnansichten die Teilbewehrungselemente E15 und E17, ähnlich den Elementen E7 in Fig. 17, die
• Fig. 34 bis 36 das schrittweise Zusammensetzen der Elemente E7, E15 und E17 zu offenen bzw. auch geschlossenen Bewehrungskörben unterschiedlicher Breite in Stirnansichten,
• Fig. 37 ein Teilbewehrungselement E20 für Wandbewehrungen in Stirnansicht,
• Fig. 38 dieses in Seitenansicht,
• Fig. 39 ein zusammengesetztes Wandbewehrungselement E21, welches aus den Elementen E20 und einer Längsbewehrung besteht, in schematischer Seitenansicht, und die
• Fig. 40 bis 43 das schrittweise Zusammensetzen eines Wandbewehrungskorbes E22 aus den Teilbewehrungselementen E21 und E4 in Stirnansichten.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the description of exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention with reference to the drawings; show it:

• 1 is a bracket element E1 in front view,
• Fig. 2 this in side view in the direction of arrow 1 of Fig. 1, and
• 3 this in plan view in the direction of arrow 2 of FIG. 1,
• Fig. 4 this in side view
• 5 this in top view, but in comparison with FIGS. 2 and 3, a schematic representation,
• 6 a partial reinforcement element E2 composed of such bracket elements E1 and the required longitudinal reinforcement bars in a schematic side view;
• 7 to 9 the assembly of two similar elements E2 step by step to a closed reinforcement cage E3 in end views,
• 10 is an end view of a stiffening element E4,
• 11 this in side view,
• 12 and 13 the gradual assembly of a closed reinforcement cage E5, in which the longitudinal reinforcement bars are additionally secured against kinking by installing the elements E4, in end views,
• 14 a bracket element E6 in front view,
• 15 this in side view,
• 16 a partial reinforcement element E7 in a schematic side view, which consists of the elements E6 and a longitudinal reinforcement,
• 17 the same element E7 in front view,
• 18 a bracket element E8 in front view,
• 19 a partial reinforcement element E9 composed of it and a longitudinal reinforcement in a schematic side view;
• 20 to 23 in end views the gradual assembly of the elements E7 and E9 to an open reinforcement cage E11 according to FIG. 23,
• 24 is a shear reinforcement element E10 in front view,
• Fig. 25 is a mounting bracket in side view
• 26 to 29 the gradual assembly of a closed reinforcement cage E12 from the elements E7, E9 and E10 in end views,
• 30 the closed reinforcement cage E12 with built-in shear reinforcement elements E10 in front view,
• Fig. 31 is a closed reinforcement cage E13 with plate connection reinforcement in front view, the
• 32 and 33 in end views of the partial rifle tion elements E15 and E17, similar to elements E7 in Fig. 17, the
• 34 to 36 the gradual assembly of the elements E7, E15 and E17 to open or closed reinforcement cages of different widths in end views,
• 37 is a partial reinforcement element E20 for wall reinforcements in front view,
• 38 this in side view,
• 39 is a composite wall reinforcement element E21, which consists of the elements E20 and a longitudinal reinforcement, in a schematic side view, and
• 40 to 43 the gradual assembly of a wall reinforcement cage E22 from the partial reinforcement elements E21 and E4 in end views.

The bracket element E1 shown in Figs. 1 to 3 consists of a series of angularly bent, legs in length Y, Z having brackets 1, which have the rod diameter 01 and at both ends a 180 ° around a (not shown) bending mandrel bent from the diameter D have an open bend hook, and from connecting rods 2, with which they are combined, preferably by welding, to form the bracket element E1. The connecting rods 2 are arranged on the outside of the hooks at a distance Y1 and Z1 from the end of the hook in order to enable a non-detachable connection to other bracket elements which are constructed on the same principle, where:

These distances Y1 and Z1 between the outer edge of the bend and the connecting rod must therefore be somewhat larger in relation to the diameter D of the bending mandrel or the open bend produced by it, in order to enable the insertion of a pulling rod into the closed eyelet which results after two stirrup elements E1 have been pushed into one another , whereby the bracket elements E1 are non-positively and inseparably connected to tensile stress.

The hooks at the two ends of the bracket 1 are preferably to be bent by 180 °. However, the smallest bending angle must be so large that when two bracket elements are rotated 90 ° to each other, the hook ends intersect.

The length X of the bracket elements E1 is constant and is a multiple of the bracket distance X1 (Fig. 2).

This training is designed in such a way that it enables automated production. The connecting rods 2 are, preferably also made of round steel or wire, connected to the brackets 1 by welding. However, other connections are also possible, e.g. Plastic rods and couplings. It is essential that the individual brackets 1 are too rigid, i.e. dimensionally stable and in their plane not movable elements are summarized and that the connecting rods 2 are arranged as described. 4 and 5 are schematic representations of the bracket element E1 in a side view according to FIGS. 2 and 3; these schematic representations have been chosen to make the following figures clearer.

In practice, reinforcement cages with any dimensions and degrees of reinforcement are used.

6 shows a partial reinforcement element E2, consisting of three mutually identical, side-by-side bracket elements E1 according to FIGS. 1-5, which are connected to the required longitudinal reinforcement in the form of bars 3 at points a to form such a reinforcement cage. These longitudinal reinforcement bars 3 can also be replaced by a family of bars manufactured according to AT-PS 346 046. The connections between the bars 3 or such a family of bars and the bracket elements E 1 can be carried out by welding. However, since the bracket elements E1 are not displaceable in their plane, it is sufficient if the longitudinal bars 3, or the family of bars replacing these bars, are connected to the bracket elements E1 at points a with wire.

Fig. 7 shows in the direction of arrows Pf.3 of Fig. 6 the view of two partial reinforcement elements E2, the second element E2 has been rotated by 90 ° with respect to the first. The longitudinal bars 3 are to be arranged in such a way that the hook area remains free. It is advantageous if the distance between the end of the hook and the first rod is equal to the rod spacing e 1 or e 2.

One element E2 thus lies on the leg with the dimension Y in FIG. 7, the second element E2 on the leg with the dimension Z, that is to say rotated by 90 ° with respect to the first. Now push both elements E2 into each other in the direction of arrow Pf. 4 until they have reached the position shown in FIG. 8. The interlocking hook ends now form an eyelet into which the pull-in rod 4 is to be pushed. As soon as the rod 4 is in this eyelet, both partial reinforcement elements E2 I (I = left) and E2 r (r = right) are inextricably linked in the plane of their stirrups, without additional measures having to be taken. Now the partial reinforcement cage E2 r is pivoted in the direction of the arrow Pf. 5 until the outside of the hook abuts the connecting rod 2 of E2 I, as shown in FIG. 9. A further pivoting movement of the basket E2 r in the direction of Pf. 5 is not possible since the rod 2 of the element E2 I prevents this. A pull-in rod 5 is inserted into the further eyelets, which now form the interlocking hook ends. As a result, the elements E2 I and E2 r forming part of the baskets are inseparably and non-positively connected to form a closed reinforcement cage E3, likewise without having to take additional measures. A mutual displacement of both parts E2 I and E2 r in the direction of arrow Pf. 6 is also impossible because either the rods 2 or the inserted rods 4 and 5 are in the way. A reinforcement cage E3 formed in this way according to FIG. 9 is particularly suitable for supports.

The described design of the two sub-baskets E2 r and E2 I allows for a complete factory production except for the two longitudinal bars 4 and 5, which enables a sharp reduction in labor costs. The complaint-free stackability of the baskets E2 I and E2 r, despite the factory completion of the stirrups with the much heavier supporting reinforcement, secures secondly low freight costs. Assembling the sections E2 r and E2 on the construction site requires hardly any significant time, which, in the third place, enables the construction progress to be accelerated.

In the case of supports with larger dimensions, either so-called "S-hooks" or cut brackets are required to prevent the bars lying far from the corner from buckling. The assembly and connection of such "S" hooks is very time consuming; the latter have almost no weight, since they are normally made of 6 mm wire.

In order to enable a machine-prefabricated solution for this uneconomical practice as well, a stiffening element E4 is provided according to FIGS. 10 and 11. The angle brackets 6 are straight at one end, at the other end they have a hook bent over by 180 °; they are with two connecting rods 7 by welding or the like. combined to form element E4. If the longitudinal bar 3 in FIG. 12 is to be secured against kinking, the element E4 is to be hooked into the longitudinal bar 3 before the partial basket E2 r is folded up. Then, as shown in FIG. 8 and already described, the partial basket E 2 r is pivoted in the direction of the arrow Pf. 5 and closed with the pull-in rod 5, as shown in FIG. 9. Only then is element E4 pulled up in the direction of arrow Pf. 7 in FIG. 12 until it assumes the position shown in FIG. 13. The straight leg of the angle bracket 6 of the element E4 is to be tied with wire to the longitudinal bar 3 'encompassed by the angle bracket. The basket or the like composed in this way. is designated as a whole in Fig. 13 by E5.

There are two further requirements for girder reinforcement, which must be taken into account in order to ensure that the entire reinforcement including the ceilings and beam support reinforcement. First of all, there must be no longitudinal bar above the lower edge of the ceiling in the girder reinforcement so that the ceiling reinforcement can be placed without threading. Secondly, it is advantageous and saves a lot of work if the reinforcement cage remains open until the negative reinforcement is inserted and can only be closed afterwards.

The bracket element E6 designed according to FIGS. 14 and 15 meets these requirements. The bracket 8 have the same shape as the bracket 1 of the element E1 in Fig. 1; they are combined with two connecting rods 9 to form an element E 6. The difference to element E1 is that in addition to the one rod 9 which, as in E1 (FIG. 1), lies on the short leg of the bracket 8 at a distance Y1 from the end of the bracket, but the second rod 9 is arranged here at a distance Z4 from the other end of the bracket is, etc. on the inside of the temple. Here the distance Z4 must be equal to or greater than the ceiling thickness. Depending on the length requirement, several elements E6 according to FIGS. 14 and 15 are placed next to one another and, according to FIG. 16, are combined with the distributors 10 or the longitudinal bars 11 and 12 to form an element E7.

16 this supporting reinforcement 10, 11, 12 is drawn with two different lengths; the rod 11 stops in front of the support (not shown) and is supplemented with tabs in the support area, and the longitudinal rods 12 protrude into the support. However, this only makes sense and is possible if the column reinforcement is kept open. If this is not the case, only the longitudinal bars 11, which stop in front of the column, can be included in the partial reinforcement cage E7 at the factory. The support bars, which have to reach into the column reinforcement, which is normally 1/3 of the entire support reinforcement, are then to be laid as loose individual bars after moving the open cage into the formwork. Fig. 17 shows the partial basket E7 in section; As in FIG. 16, all support rods 11 and 12 have been integrated into the sub-basket E7.

18 shows an associated bracket element E8 from the height Z1. The brackets 13 are in essence straight rods, which are bent like hooks at both ends, at the bottom by 180 °, at the top by approximately 135 °, and they are combined by the connecting rods 14 to form an element E8. The upper rod 14 lies on the inside of the bow rods 13, the lower rod 14 on the inside of the end of the lower hook 13 '. 1, it is essential that the bracket is bent so far below that when the element E8 is pushed into the element E7 the ends of both hooks cross, so that both parts cannot be detachably and non-positively connected to be able to. This is not the case in the upper area, since after closing the basket it must be possible to insert a longitudinal bar in a corner without having to thread it into the formwork; this means that the ends of the hooks must not cross in the upper corner after the basket has been closed and the lock must remain open on the inside, as will be explained below.

19 shows the partial reinforcement element E9, which consists of three bracket elements E8, which are connected to the longitudinal bars 15. As shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, an element E7 and an element E9 are now placed side by side, and then the element E9 is inserted into the element E7 in the direction of arrow Pf. 10 until it reaches the position shown in FIG. 22 Has. Now you pull the pull rod 16 in the way formed eyelet. As in Fig. 8, the two parts E7 and E9 are not detachable and non-positively connected to each other in the plane of the bracket 8. The element E9 is then to be folded up in the direction of the arrow Pf. 11 until it has reached the position shown in FIG. 23. The element E9 can only be rotated in the direction of the arrow Pf. 11 until the end of the hook 13 'abuts the rod 9 of the element E 7. Movement in the vertical direction is also not possible, since on the one hand the rod 14 of the element E9 also rests on the end of the hook 13 "of the element E7, on the other hand the rod 16, which is held by the bracket 8 of the element E7, lies in the arc of the lower hook 13, of element E9, thus giving an open reinforcement cage E11.

The shear forces in the support area of the beams are often so great that multi-section stirrups are required to be able to accommodate them. In practice, either two identical brackets, offset from one another, are laid over the entire length of the beam, or narrower brackets are woven into the support area. Both embodiments that are common in practice are very labor-intensive. In order to enable a rational working method with elements machined in the factory for these cases as well, an additional shear reinforcement element E10 according to FIG. 24 is to be inserted. It consists, similar to the element E8 in FIG. 18, of straight stirrup rods 17 bent at both ends in a hook-like manner, which are combined to form an element E10 by two connecting rods 18 which lie on the inside of the stirrup rods 17. As for that element E8 in FIG. 18, and for the same purpose, the bars 17 are bent at one lower end by approximately 180 ° and at the other, upper end by approximately 135 °. The difference to element E8 is that both retaining rods 18 must be arranged at a distance from the bent ends in order to be able to hook element E10 onto the longitudinal reinforcement. Furthermore, a C-shaped bracket 19 according to FIG. 25 is provided, with two functions if the reinforcement cage has to be assembled outside the formwork, e.g. for precast reinforced concrete parts: firstly, after the bracket 19 has been hooked onto the bars 9 and 14, as shown in FIG. 26, the element E9 is prevented from falling back in the direction opposite the arrow Pf. 11 (FIG. 22); secondly, the bracket 19 serves as a support for the reinforcement bars 20 and 21 to be mounted from above, which have to be inserted into the basket interior, etc. before closing the basket, if you want to save yourself the laborious pushing of this reinforcement into the closed basket. The open basket thus assembled according to FIG. 26 is designated E11 '.

27 essentially shows the same reinforcement cage E11 'or the cage E11 according to FIG. 23 in a formwork S: here the bracket 19 is then superfluous, since on the one hand the formwork S prevents the element E9 from falling back, on the other hand the elements to be inserted from above Bars 20 and 21 can be placed on the ceiling reinforcement 22.

Fig. 28 shows the subsequent closing of the reinforcement cage E11 with an element E10 according to Fig. 24. First, the longitudinal bar 20 is lifted into the hook of the element E7 and then, e.g. tied with wire. The element E 10 is then hooked onto the rod 20 in the manner shown in FIG. 28. After the element E10 has been folded down in the direction of Pf. 13, the remaining longitudinal bars 21, as shown in FIG. 29, can be fastened to the element E10, with which the closed reinforcement cage E12 according to FIG. 29 is completed.

30 shows a four-section basket in the assembled state. Here, the elements E10 according to FIG. 24 serve as shear reinforcement elements E10, which are to be hooked onto the longitudinal bars 12 when the basket according to FIG. 22 is open. The other process for completion corresponds to the description for FIGS. 23 to 29.

In the case of edge girders, it is often the case that one end of the brackets has to be continued into the ceiling. These requirements can also be met with the reinforcement according to the invention by selecting an element of the type E10 according to FIG. 18, but with the required height Z5 according to FIG. 31 and in the manner described for the element E10 on the pull-in rod 20 hooked and fastened; as a whole, the reinforcement cage which can be produced in this way is designated E13 in FIG. 31.

32 to 36 illustrate further possible variations which the reinforcement according to the invention offers. 32 shows a composite reinforcement element E15, essentially of the same type as the element E7 according to FIGS. 17 and 20. The difference between these two elements lies only in the length of the horizontal leg: the element E7 has a leg length Y, the element E15 has a leg length Y3, where Y3 is less than Y. The element E15 consists of the bracket elements E14 and the longitudinal reinforcement bars 25, 26 and 27. For the element E14, the description regarding element E1 (FIGS. 1 to 3) applies mutatis mutandis, only the bracket 1 with 24 and the connecting bars 2 are here 23 designated.

Fig. 33 shows in a similar way a bracket element E17, which is a further variation of the aforementioned element E7. The length of the horizontal leg of the bracket 28 is Y4 for element 17, Y4 being greater than Y. The longitudinal bars are designated here with 29, 30 and the distributors with 31.32. 34 and 35 show the assembly of two angular partial reinforcement elements E7 and E15 to form an open reinforcement cage E18; the description of FIG. 22 applies mutatis mutandis, the pull-in rod 16, which is pushed there into the eyelet, being designated 33 here. 36 is similarly the combination of the element E 7 with element E 17 can be seen via the pull-in rod 34; it can be seen that the basket width Y6 is even larger here after the insertion of the rod 34.

To form a basket-like wall reinforcement, a bracket element E20 in an angular form according to FIGS. 37 and 38 is provided, consisting of eight angle brackets 36 held together by three connecting rods 35. In the middle of the one having the length X4; Long leg of the bracket 36, the one rod 36 is fixed, and the other two rods 35 are each attached to the inner side of the hook-like bends at each leg end. The short stirrup leg has the length Y7 and the width of the element E20 is Z6. The partial reinforcement element E21 composed of three such elements E20 can be seen in FIG. 39; the elements E20 are held together by the longitudinal reinforcement bars 37 of length Z7, which are connected by wire or welding.

40-43 shows the assembly of the wall reinforcement cage E22. An element E21 according to FIG. 41, into which, on some rods 37 ', stiffening elements E4 according to FIG. 10 have been hooked, a further element E21 according to FIG. 40 is placed, and by threading the pull-in rods 38 at the corners of the basket or in the leg ends of the brackets, the two elements E21 are non-positively connected to one another, whereupon the wall reinforcement cage E22 according to FIG. 43 is obtained if the elements E4 are pivoted up in the direction of arrow Pf. 15 of FIG. 42 and then in the usual manner, as already described.

Various further modifications to the described exemplary embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention. For example, the brackets of the individual elements also have shapes other than those shown, e.g. their legs could also include an angle deviating from 90 °, such as 60 ° or 120 °, depending on the shape of the desired geometric cross sections of the cage reinforcements to be produced.

Claims (5)

1. Reinforcement for reinforced-concrete structures, especially a basket reinforcement for bar- shaped constructional parts, such as stays, bearers, piles and the like, and plane sheet-like constructional parts, such as walls, ceilings and the like, consisting of at least one pair of plane and/or angular and/or curved hoop elements which have bends at the ends of their hoops and at least one connecting bar located at a distance from these, at least one draw-in bar being insertable through the mutually aligned bends of at least two hoop elements, with the result that the hoop elements form a reinforcing basket and are connected to one another inseparably and non- positively, characterized in that the connecting bar (2; 9; 18; 23; 35) is attached to the open bends from inside or outside at a distance Y1 or Z1 from the outer edge of the open bend, this distance Y1 or Z1 between the outer edge of the bend and the connecting bar corresponding approximately to D + 2,01, in which D represents the diameter of the bend and 01 the bar diameter of the hoop (1; 8; 13; 17; 24; 28; 35), and in that, by pushing the hoop elements (E1, E2; E6, E7; E10; E14; E16; E20) one into the other in a way known per se, the open bends together form a closed eye, through which the draw-in bar (4, 5; 16,20,21; 33; 34; 38) can be inserted.

2. Reinforcements according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least two hoop elements (E1, E2; E6, E7; E10; E14; E16; E20) are combined to form a part reinforcement element (E2; E9; E15; E17; E21) by means of longitudinal reinforcing bars (3; 10, 11, 12, 15, 37) extending along them.

3. Reinforcement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there is additionally provided a stiffening element (E4) consisting of angular hoops (6) which have an open bend on the longer leg only and which are combined by means of connecting bars (7) (Figure 10).

4. Reinforcement according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that there is additionally provided a shear reinforcement element (E10) consisting of straight hoops (13) which have an open bend of approximately 180° at one end and one of approximately 135° at the other end and which are combined by means of connecting bars (14) (Figure 24).

5. Process for assembling a reinforcement according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one pair of hoop elements or part reinforcement elements are arranged in alignment, with the open bends at one respective end of their hoops, to form a closed eye, in that the draw-in bar is then inserted through this eye, in that the elements are thereupon pivoted relative to one another until the open bends are in alignment at the other respective end of their hoops to form a further closed eye, and in that a further draw-in bar is then inserted through this further eye, if appropriate further elements and draw-in bars being interposable.

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