DE102016124850A1 - Lattice structure and method for producing a lattice structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a grid structure, in particular a steel grid structure, with at least one longitudinal element (12a, 14a, 12b, 14b, 12c, 14c, 12d, 14d) and with at least one perpendicular or oblique to the longitudinal element (12a, 14a, 12b, 14b; 12c, 14c, 12d, 14d) formed as a single wire, rod, wire strand, pipe or profile edge element (16a, 18a, 16b, 16c, 16d), at least part of a grid edge (24a, 24b, 24c, 24d) is formed in which the longitudinal element (12a, 14a; 12b, 14b; 12c, 14c; 12d, 14d) is fastened to the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a; 16b; 16c; 16d) in a fastening region (26a; 26b; 26c; 26d) of the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a; 16b; 16c; 16d) is wound several times around the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a; 16b; 16c; 16d).

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to a lattice structure according to claim 1 and to a method for producing a lattice structure according to claim 14.

Grids are known which are used as components in the form of flat or corrugated supporting or protective gratings. Nodes of these grids are welded, secured with clamps and / or provided with additional wire material to give these nodes a tensile and / or shear strength, so that corresponding grids deform under load only to a small extent. In particular, in the case of additional fasteners such as terminals or wires, this entails a high production cost. Furthermore, in particular welding operations often bring about structural changes that can produce punctual weak points of the corresponding grid.

For example, from the AT 409 506 B is a grid structure is known, which consists of rod-shaped upper and lower chords, between which connecting rods are welded. Corresponding nodes formed by welds cause a high manufacturing cost and also go hand in hand with structural changes.

The object of the invention is in particular to provide a generic lattice structure with advantageous properties in terms of manufacturability and / or a load capacity. Furthermore, the invention is more particularly based on the object of producing load-bearing connection points of a lattice structure with little effort. In addition, the invention is in particular the object of enabling a cost-effective production of reliable links between an inner grid and a grid edge. In particular, these objects are achieved by the features of claims 1 and 14, while advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention can be taken from the dependent claims.

Advantages of the invention

The invention relates to a, in particular at least substantially sweat-free and / or solderless, lattice structure, in particular a steel grid structure with at least one longitudinal element and at least one perpendicular or oblique, in particular angled, extending to the longitudinal element, as a single wire, rod, wire strand, pipe or Profile formed edge element which forms at least a portion of a grid edge, wherein the longitudinal element is wound to its attachment to the edge element in a mounting region of the edge element multiple times around the edge element.

Due to the inventive design of the grid structure advantageous properties can be achieved in terms of a particularly simple and / or cost manufacturability. In particular, longitudinal and / or transverse elements of a lattice structure can be fastened to a lattice frame simply and / or reliably and / or cost-effectively. Advantageously, a weld-free connection, in particular a winding of wires, strands, rods, profiles or the like can be provided, which is secured against unwinding and / or twisting. In addition, a loadable grid structure can be provided. In particular, loadable and / or shear and / or tension-proof connection points of a lattice structure can be realized cost-effectively. Furthermore, exposure to high temperatures, which could possibly cause a structural change, to a lattice structure, for example during welding and / or soldering, can be avoided. Advantageously, coatings and / or surface structures of wires, strands, pipes and the like used remain largely or completely unhurt and / or uninfluenced, so that a high corrosion resistance can be achieved, in particular in linking areas.

In particular, the grid structure is suitable and / or intended for use in the reinforcement, protection and / or security area. For example, the grid structure for reinforcements in concrete and / or asphalt can be inserted and / or used as a reinforcement in mining. It is also conceivable, however, for the lattice structure to be used as slope protection, cover, protective enclosure, in particular as avalanche protection, as rockfall protection, as at least partially building envelope, protective element, separating element, fence, vandalism protection or the like, in particular parallel, vertical or inclined to a substrate is.

In particular, the grid structure, preferably apart from any coating, is at least partially, advantageously at least a large part or made entirely of metal, in particular of steel and / or stainless steel. The lattice structure advantageously has a coating that is particularly corrosion-resistant and / or protects against corrosion. For example, the grid structure may be galvanized, in particular hot-dip galvanized and / or have an aluminum-zinc coating and / or a metal oxide coating and / or a ceramic coating and / or a plastic coating. The term "at least a large part" is meant here in particular at least 55%, advantageously at least 65%, preferably at least 75%, particularly preferably at least 85% and particularly advantageously at least 95%, but in particular also be fully understood. By "provided" is intended to be understood in particular specially programmed, designed and / or equipped. The fact that an object is intended for a specific function should in particular mean that the object fulfills and / or executes this specific function in at least one application and / or operating state.

Advantageously, the lattice structure has at least one transverse element designed in particular as a single wire, rod, wire strand, tube or profile, which intersects the longitudinal element in at least one crossing area, in particular perpendicularly, whereby advantageously a high load capacity can be achieved. In particular, the longitudinal element and the transverse element intersect in the crossing region at an angle of at least substantially 90 ° or at an angle of at least substantially 60 °. However, any other angles, such as about 10 °, about 20 °, about 30 °, about 45 ° or about 70 ° or intermediate values are conceivable. The longitudinal element and / or the transverse element preferably runs at least substantially parallel to a main extension plane of the lattice structure. Advantageously, the longitudinal element and the transverse element in the crossing region in particular are connected to each other without welding. Preferably, the longitudinal element and the transverse element in the crossing region are non-positively and / or positively connected. By "at least substantially" is to be understood in this context in particular that a deviation from a predetermined value in particular less than 15%, preferably less than 10% and particularly preferably less than 5% of the predetermined value. A "main extension plane" of an object should be understood to mean, in particular, a plane which is parallel to a largest side surface of a smallest imaginary cuboid which just completely surrounds the object, and in particular runs through the center of the cuboid. By "at least substantially parallel" should be understood here in particular an orientation of a direction relative to a reference direction, in particular in a plane, wherein the direction relative to the reference direction a deviation in particular less than 8 °, advantageously less than 5 ° and particularly advantageously smaller than 2 °.

In particular, the grid element has a plurality of longitudinal elements which are in particular at least substantially identical to one another and a plurality of transverse elements which are in particular at least substantially mutually and / or of identical design to the longitudinal element. Of course, it is conceivable that longitudinal elements and / or transverse elements are designed differently from one another and / or that the grid structure has a plurality of different types of longitudinal elements and / or a plurality of different types of transverse elements. Preferably, the longitudinal elements are at least substantially parallel to each other. Particularly preferably, the transverse elements extend at least substantially parallel to one another. Advantageously, the longitudinal elements and the transverse elements form several, in particular rectangular, advantageously square meshes. However, other geometries are conceivable, such as triangular or pentagonal or hexagonal or polygonal, in particular regular or irregular, mesh geometries. By "at least substantially identical" objects, in this context, objects are to be understood in particular that are constructed in such a way that they can each perform a common function and differ in their construction apart from manufacturing tolerances at most by individual elements that are insignificant for the common function are, and advantageous objects that are identical except for manufacturing tolerances and / or in the context of production engineering possibilities, which should be understood by identical objects in particular also mutually symmetrical objects.

Advantageously, the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element and / or the edge element is at least partially, in particular at least a large part of a metal, in particular made of steel and / or stainless steel, in particular made of a high-strength steel. For example, the high strength steel may be spring steel and / or wire steel and / or steel suitable for wire ropes. Advantageously, the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element and / or the edge element comprises at least one wire, which advantageously extends over a corresponding length of the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element and / or the edge element and / or is formed in one piece. In particular, the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element and / or the edge element and / or the wire has a tensile strength of at least 800 N mm ^-2 , advantageously of at least 1000 N mm ^-2 , more preferably of at least 1200 N mm ^-2 , preferably of at least 1400 N mm ^-2 and more preferably at least 1600 N mm ^-2 , in particular a tensile strength of about 1770 N mm ^-2 or about 1960 N mm ^-2 . It is also conceivable that the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element and / or the edge element and / or the wire has an even higher tensile strength, for example a tensile strength of at least 2000 N mm ^-2 , or of at least 2200 N mm ^-2 , or also of at least 2400 N mm ^-2 .

In this context, a "wire" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an elongate and / or thinner and / or at least mechanically bendable and / or flexible body. Preferably, the wire strand has at least two, in particular a plurality of, for example three or four or five or ten or even more, in particular identical, advantageously wound around each other wires. Advantageously, the wire has an at least substantially constant, in particular circular or elliptical cross section along its longitudinal direction. Particularly advantageously, the wire is designed as a round wire. But it is also conceivable that the wire is at least partially or completely formed as a flat wire, a square wire, a polygonal wire and / or a profile wire. For example, the wire may be formed at least partially or completely from metal, in particular a metal alloy, and / or organic and / or inorganic plastic and / or a composite material and / or an inorganic non-metallic material and / or a ceramic material. For example, it is conceivable that the wire is designed as a polymer wire or a plastic wire. In particular, the wire may be formed as a composite wire, for example as a metal-organic composite wire and / or a metal-inorganic composite wire and / or a metal-polymer composite wire and / or a metal-metal composite wire or the like. In particular, it is conceivable that the wire comprises at least two different materials, which are in particular arranged according to a composite geometry relative to each other and / or at least partially mixed together. The wire is advantageously designed as a metal wire, in particular as a steel wire, in particular as a stainless steel wire. If the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element and / or the edge element has a plurality of wires, these are preferably identical. However, it is also conceivable that the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element and / or the edge element has a plurality of wires which differ in particular with regard to their material and / or their diameter and / or their cross section. It is conceivable that the wire is made of a composite material. In particular, it is conceivable that the wire comprises at least two different materials. Preferably, the wire has a particular corrosion resistant coating and / or sheath such as a zinc coating and / or an aluminum-zinc coating and / or a plastic coating and / or a PET coating and / or a metal oxide coating and / or a ceramic coating or the like ,

Preferably, the edge element is formed as a single wire or a rod. Advantageously, the edge element has an at least substantially constant and / or a circular or elliptical cross section. However, it is also conceivable that the edge element is designed as a pipe or a profile, in particular with a constant or a variable cross section. Preferably, the edge element has a higher bending stiffness than the longitudinal element and / or as the transverse element. It is also conceivable that the edge element is at least substantially identical to the transverse element and / or to the longitudinal element. The fact that an object has an "at least substantially constant cross-section" is to be understood in particular as meaning that for any first cross-section of the object along at least one direction and any second cross-section of the object along the direction, a minimum surface area of a differential area is formed at a superposition of the cross sections, a maximum of 20%, advantageously at most 10% and most preferably at most 5% of the surface area of the larger of the two cross sections.

Advantageously, the longitudinal element is wound at least twice, preferably at least three times, preferably at least four times and more preferably at least five times around the edge element. If the longitudinal element has a plurality of wires or the like, it is in particular conceivable that these wires are wound individually and jointly around the edge element and / or knotted and / or twisted in the fastening region. Preferably, the longitudinal element is tightly wound in the attachment area. It is conceivable for windings described herein that they are left-handed or right-handed. Advantageously, by means of a suitable winding, a planar lattice structure can be provided. Furthermore, it is conceivable that windings are designed to be multi-layered and / or multi-layered and comprise, for example, at least one inner winding having a first accessibility and / or a first winding angle and at least one second winding having a second accessibility and / or a second winding angle.

Preferably, windings of adjacent longitudinal elements extend in opposite directions along the corresponding edge element to which the longitudinal elements are attached. Particularly preferably, windings of adjacent transverse elements extend in opposite directions along the corresponding further edge element to which the transverse elements are fastened. As a result, stresses in the grid can be advantageously avoided. In this way, a flat grid can be provided in a particularly advantageous manner. It is also conceivable that windings run in the same direction and / or a direction point-symmetrical and / or mirror-symmetric with respect to a grid center and / or a Symmetry axis of a grid is selected. Furthermore, windings may differ in their mobility.

In particular, the lattice structure has a length and / or width of at least 0.5 m, advantageously of at least 1 m, particularly advantageously of at least 2 m, and preferably of about 3 m and / or of at most 10 m, advantageously of at most 5 m , particularly advantageously of at most 4 m. However, any dimensions are conceivable which, for example, deviate from the values given here by a factor of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 or even more or any other factor.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the edge element in the attachment region has at least one, in particular one-sided or two-sided, flattening. Preferably, the edge element is flattened and / or pressed in the attachment area. Advantageously, the flattening has a different cross section from a circle or an ellipse. In particular, the longitudinal element is wrapped tightly around the flattening in particular. Advantageously, the longitudinal element abuts the flattening in the attachment region. Preferably, the flattening, in particular in a view parallel to a lattice plane and perpendicular to the edge element, a curved, in particular circular arc, advantageously concave surface. Particularly preferably, the flattening is formed as a concave curved from opposite sides of indentation. In particular, the surface of the flattening has a radius of curvature of at least 1 cm, advantageously of at least 2 cm and particularly advantageously of at least 2 cm and / or of at most 20 cm, advantageously of at most 10 cm and particularly advantageously of at most 8 cm. As a result, slipping and / or unwinding in a connection region can advantageously be avoided. Furthermore, this makes it possible to provide a load-bearing connection which can be produced by means of winding.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the longitudinal element is connected against rotation with the edge element, in particular with the flattening, in particular in the connection areas. In particular, the longitudinal element in the fastening region is positively wrapped around the flattening. In this way, advantageously, a twisting of a connection, in particular in a load case, can be prevented.

It is also proposed that the longitudinal element is designed as a wire strand. In particular, the wire strand has several, in particular two, wires which extend without interruption over a length of the longitudinal element. Advantageously, the longitudinal element is wound as a whole around the edge element. In particular, wires of the elongate element formed as a wire strand of its twist are wound in a retaining manner around the edge element in accordance with a strand geometry. As a result, a high load capacity of a grid surface and / or an edge connection can be achieved.

In addition, it is proposed that the lattice structure has a further edge element extending at right angles or at an angle, in particular at an angle, to the edge element. Advantageously, the edge element and the further edge element are at least substantially identical. Preferably, the further edge element is designed as a single wire or a rod, but it can also be formed as a wire strand, a pipe, a profile or the like. Preferably, the lattice structure has a plurality of in particular interconnected edge elements, which together form the lattice edge in particular completely. Advantageously, the grid structure has four edge elements. However, it is also conceivable that the grid structure has three or five or six or even more edge elements, which are arranged in particular regularly and / or with identical angles to each other. Preferably, the grid structure is rectangular, in particular square. The lattice structure may also be triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, polygonal or otherwise shaped, for example elliptical or circular or irregularly shaped. The longitudinal element preferably runs parallel to at least one edge element of the lattice structure, in particular to two edge elements of the lattice structure running parallel and / or opposite one another. Particularly preferably, the transverse element runs parallel to at least one, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal element extending edge element of the grid structure, in particular to two parallel and / or oppositely arranged edge elements of the grid structure. This can advantageously be provided in a cost effective manner a stable and / or loadable frame for a grid.

An advantageously cost-producible, in particular resilient edge of a lattice structure can be provided if the edge element in an edge connection region of the other edge element several times, in particular at least twice, advantageously at least three times, more preferably at least four times, and preferably at least five times wrapped around the other edge element in particular. Preferably, the edge element is non-positively and / or positively, in particular free of sweat, connected to the other edge element.

A cost-effective and / or easy to produce lattice edge with anti-rotation connected edge elements can be provided if the further edge element has at least one flattening in the edge connection region. Preferably, the further edge element in the edge connection region is pressed flat and / or pressed. Particularly preferably, the edge element is wound around the flattening and is in particular at this, whereby advantageously unwinding and / or twisting can be prevented.

A dimensionally stable and / or warp-resistant grid edge can be provided if the edge element and the further edge element are connected to one another by means of mutual winding. A winding of the edge element around the further edge element advantageously has a different mobility than a winding of the further edge element around the edge element. Advantageously, the edge element, in particular analogous to the further edge element, an edge connection region and / or a flattening on.

Pressure and / or shear and / or tensile nodes can be realized in a particularly cost-effective manner when the cross member passes through the longitudinal element in the crossing region. Preferably, the wires of the longitudinal element in the crossing region are partially spaced from each other and / or form a passage for the transverse element. In particular, the transverse element is inserted into the longitudinal element in the crossing region and / or inserted therethrough. It is also conceivable that the longitudinal element in the crossing region is at least partially wound around the transverse element and / or at least partially surrounds it. Preferably, the wires of the longitudinal element clamp in the intersection region, the transverse element at least in sections. In particular, the transverse element in the crossing region is non-positively and / or positively connected to the longitudinal element.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the transverse element for its attachment to the further edge element in a fixing region of the further edge element is wound several times, in particular at least twice, advantageously at least three times, particularly advantageously at least four times and preferably at least five times around the further edge element. In particular, the further edge element has a flattening in a further fastening region around which the transverse element is wound. It is also conceivable that the longitudinal element and the transverse element are fastened to the same edge element, in particular in the case that they each include an angle different from a right angle with the edge element. For example, the lattice structure may have lozenge-shaped meshes, which result from the fact that longitudinal elements and / or transverse elements are attached obliquely to in particular the same edge elements.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the lattice structure form a plurality of longitudinal elements formed as wire strands and a plurality of transverse elements formed as a single wire, rod, wire strand, tube or profile, which form a grid together with the longitudinal elements, and a plurality of the Lattice bordering, as a single wire, rod, wire strand, pipe or profile formed edge elements, wherein the longitudinal elements, the transverse elements and the edge elements by twisting, nested and / or wrapping, in particular free of sweat and / or solder joints and / or free of material connection points connected to each other are. The grid structure or at least one substructure comprising a plurality of meshes and at least one part of an edge element is advantageously free of welds and / or solder joints and / or splices and / or other cohesive connection points. In this way, a grid structure can be provided which can be produced with low production costs and has loadable and torsion-resistant node and edge connection points.

In addition, the invention relates to a method for producing a lattice structure, in particular a steel lattice structure, with at least one longitudinal element and at least one perpendicular or oblique to the longitudinal element extending, designed as a single wire, rod, wire strand, pipe or profile edge element which at least a portion of a grid edge is formed, wherein the longitudinal member for its attachment to the edge element in a fastening region of the edge element several times, in particular at least twice, advantageously at least three times, particularly advantageously at least four times, and preferably at least five times wrapped around the edge element.

The inventive method advantageous properties can be achieved in terms of a particular simple and / or cost manufacturability. In particular, longitudinal and / or transverse elements of a lattice structure can be fastened to a lattice frame simply and / or reliably and / or cost-effectively. Advantageously, a weld-free connection, in particular a winding of wires, strands, rods, profiles or the like can be provided, which is secured against unwinding and / or twisting. In addition, a loadable grid structure can be provided. In particular, loadable and / or shear and / or tension-proof connection points of a lattice structure can be implemented cost-effectively become. Furthermore, exposure to high temperatures, which could possibly cause a structural change, to a lattice structure, for example in a welding and / or soldering, be dispensed with.

It is also proposed that the edge element is at least partially flattened before wrapping with the longitudinal element in the attachment region, in particular to produce the flattening. Preferably, the edge elements of the grid structure are flattened in their attachment areas and / or edge connection area and / or provided with at least one flattening before corresponding elements are wound and / or bent around the corresponding area for their attachment.

A high cost efficiency with regard to a production of a lattice structure and / or advantageous properties with regard to a production of a loadable lattice structure can be achieved with a production apparatus which is provided for producing the lattice structure and / or for carrying out the method for producing a lattice structure.

In general, compounds described herein between components of the lattice structure as well as resulting geometries shall be considered to be transferable to any other components of the lattice structure as desired. For example, transverse elements and / or edge elements can be connected and / or arranged and / or formed in the same way as longitudinal elements and / or vice versa.

The lattice structure according to the invention or the method according to the invention should not be limited to the applications and embodiments described above. In particular, the grating structure according to the invention or the method according to the invention for performing a function described herein can have a number deviating from a number of individual elements and / or components and / or units and / or method steps mentioned herein. In particular, the method according to the invention may include special method steps in which at least one of the above-described features of the grid structure according to the invention is generated and / or added and / or implemented, in particular by a suitable manufacturing method or a suitable manufacturing step.

list of figures

Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawing. In the drawings, three embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawings, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.

• 1 eine Gitterstruktur in einer schematischen Draufsicht,
• 2 einen Teil der Gitterstruktur in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung,
• 3 die Gitterstruktur in einer schematischen Seitenansicht,
• 4 einen Befestigungsbereich eines Randelements sowie ein mit dem Randelement verbundenes Längselement in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung,
• 5 einen Befestigungsbereich eines weiteren Randelements sowie ein mit dem weiteren Randelement verbundenes Querelement in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung,
• 6 einen alternativen Randbefestigungsbereich in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung,
• 7 ein schematisches Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung der Gitterstruktur,
• 8 eine Herstellungsvorrichtung zur Herstellung der Gitterstruktur in einer schematischen Draufsicht,
• 9 eine Wickeleinheit der Herstellungsvorrichtung in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,
• 10 eine alternative Herstellungsvorrichtung zur Herstellung der Gitterstruktur in einer schematischen Draufsicht,
• 11 eine erste alternative Gitterstruktur in einer schematischen Draufsicht,
• 12 eine zweite alternative Gitterstruktur in einer schematischen Draufsicht und
• 13 eine dritte alternative Gitterstruktur in einer schematischen Draufsicht.

Show it:

• 1 a lattice structure in a schematic plan view,
• 2 a part of the grid structure in a schematic sectional view,
• 3 the lattice structure in a schematic side view,
• 4 a fastening region of an edge element and a longitudinal element connected to the edge element in a schematic sectional illustration,
• 5 a fastening region of a further edge element as well as a cross element connected to the further edge element in a schematic sectional view,
• 6 an alternative edge attachment area in a schematic sectional view,
• 7 a schematic flow diagram of a method for producing the grid structure,
• 8th a manufacturing apparatus for producing the grid structure in a schematic plan view,
• 9 a winding unit of the manufacturing device in a perspective view,
• 10 an alternative production device for producing the lattice structure in a schematic plan view,
• 11 a first alternative lattice structure in a schematic plan view,
• 12 a second alternative lattice structure in a schematic plan view and
• 13 a third alternative lattice structure in a schematic plan view.

Description of the embodiments

The 1 shows a grid structure 10a in a schematic plan view. The 2 shows a part of the grid structure 10a in a schematic sectional view. The 3 shows the grid structure 10a in a schematic side view. The grid structure 10a has at least one longitudinal element 12a on. In the present case, the lattice structure 10a several parallel longitudinal elements 12a . 14a not all of which are provided with reference numerals for reasons of clarity. The longitudinal elements 12a . 14a are equally spaced, but others are Arrangements are conceivable. Furthermore, the lattice structure 10a at least one, in the present case two, at right angles to the longitudinal element 12a . 14a extending edge element 16a . 18a on. The longitudinal element 12a is to its attachment to the edge element 16a in a mounting area 26a of the edge element 16a several times around the edge element 16a wound. The longitudinal element 12a forms in the attachment area 26a of the edge element 16a a tight winding 54a out. In the present case, the particular transverse edge elements 16a , 18a attachment areas 26a for all longitudinal elements 12a . 14a on, with each longitudinal element 12a . 14a each with opposite and in particular mutually parallel edge elements 16a . 18a connected is.

The grid structure 10a is in the present case a steel grid structure. The grid structure 10a For example, as a reinforcement, protective grid, cover, slope protection, building envelope, fence or the like can be used more. The grid structure 10a is designed without welding in the present case. The grid structure 10a is made of a high strength steel. Further, the lattice structure 10a galvanized. The grid structure 10a has wound and inserted, in particular positive and / or non-positive connections between their individual elements.

The grid structure 10a has at least one to the edge element 16a right-angled further edge element 20a on. In the present case, the lattice structure 10a two parallel to the longitudinal element 12a extending further edge elements 20a . 22a on. The border elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a each form part of a grid border 24a out. The border elements 16a . 18a form an upper and lower edge of the lattice structure 10a off, while the other edge elements 20a . 22a lateral edges of the lattice structure 10a form. The border elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a together form the grid edge 24a out.

In addition, the lattice structure 10a at least one cross element 38a . 44a on which the longitudinal element 12a in at least one crossing area 40a crosses. In the present case, the longitudinal element intersect 12a and the cross member 38a at least substantially perpendicular. The grid structure 10a has a plurality of particular parallel transverse elements 38a . 44a not all of which are provided with reference numerals for reasons of clarity. The cross elements 38a . 44a are arranged at regular intervals. The cross elements 38a the lattice structure 10a are formed in the present case, at least substantially identical. However, as mentioned above, it is also conceivable that a grid structure comprises different transverse elements.

The cross element 38a is for its attachment to the further edge element 20a in a mounting area 42a the further edge element 20a several times around the other edge element 20a wound. The cross element 38a forms in the attachment area 42a the further edge element 20a a dense winding 52a. The cross element 38a is with opposite, in particular lateral edge elements 20a . 22a the lattice structure 10a connected.

The longitudinal element 12a is formed in the present case as a wire strand. The longitudinal element 12a includes two twisted wires 48a . 50a , The wires 48a . 50a are designed as high-strength steel wires. The wires 48a . 50a have in the present case a tensile strength of about 1770 N mm ^-2 , but this value is to be understood as an example only. Further, the wires 48a , 50a formed as round wires. The wires 48a . 50a in the present case have a diameter of about 2 mm, wherein of course other, especially significantly larger or smaller diameter are conceivable. The longitudinal elements 12a . 14a the lattice structure 10a are formed in the present case, at least substantially identical to each other. The wires 48a . 50a are in the winding 54a wrapped side by side. But it is also conceivable that individual wires of a strand of wire are wound independently of each other around an edge element, for example in opposite directions. As described above, it is also conceivable that a longitudinal element as a rod, single wire, profile, tube or the like is formed and / or several different wires, in particular composite wires, flat wires, Ovaldrähte or the like.

The cross element 38a is designed as a single wire. The cross element 38a is designed as a high strength steel wire. The cross element 38a has in the present case a diameter of about 3 mm. However, as mentioned above, it is also conceivable that a transverse element is designed as a rod, a tube, a wire strand, a profile or the like.

The border elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a are formed in the present case as individual wires. The border elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a are formed as round wires. The border elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a have a diameter of about 4 mm, of course, other diameters are conceivable. The border elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a are made of high strength steel wire. However, as mentioned above, it is also conceivable that individual or all edge elements are designed as wire strand, pipe, profile, rod or the like. In the present case, the boundary elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a at least essentially identical educated. Depending on the geometry and / or application, however, it is conceivable, for example, for transverse and longitudinal edge elements to differ, for example with regard to a length and / or a diameter and / or a material condition and / or a construction.

The cross element 38a occurs in the crossing area 40a through the longitudinal element 12a. The wires 48a . 50a of the longitudinal element 12a clamp in the crossing area 40a the cross element 38a firmly. The longitudinal element 12a and the cross member 38a are in the crossing area 40a positively connected. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that a longitudinal element and a transverse element are twisted together in an intersection region and / or wound around each other and / or knotted together.

The longitudinal elements 12a . 14a and the cross elements 38a . 44a together form a grid 46a the lattice structure 10a out. The border elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a surround the grid 46a , The longitudinal elements 12a . 14a , the cross elements 38a , 44a and the edge elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a are connected by twisting, meshing and / or wrapping in particular without welding together. The grid 46a is from the grid edge 24a limited. The lattice structure 10a is free of material connection points and / or crossing points and / or edge connection points.

The grid structure 10a has in the present case in particular 60 × 60 cm ² large, in particular square meshes. The grid structure 10a also has a length of about 3 m. In addition, the lattice structure points 10a a width of about 3 m. Further, the lattice structure 10a at least substantially flat. In particular, the longitudinal elements run 12a . 14 , the cross elements 38a . 44a as well as the border elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a the lattice structure 10a in a common plane and / or parallel to a common plane. But it is also conceivable to provide edge elements with corresponding curvatures in order to produce curved grid structures. In addition, completely different dimensions of a grid structure are conceivable. Thus, a grid structure may be elongated, round, elliptical or otherwise shaped. Furthermore, a grid structure may have any other area, for example one by a factor 2 . 5 . 10 . 20 . 50 or 100 smaller or larger area than the surface shown here by way of example.

The edge element 16a is in an edge connection area 30a the further edge element 20a several times around the other edge element 20a wound. The edge element 16a and the further edge element 20a are interconnected by mutual wrapping. A winding 34a of the edge element 16a around the further edge element 20a has a different mobility than a winding 36a the further edge element 20a around the edge element 16a , The mutual wrapping of the edge element 16a and the other edge element 20a prevents relative rotation of the edge elements 16a . 20a to each other. In the present case, the boundary elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a in pairs connected to each other by mutual wrapping. It can thus be a dimensionally stable grid edge 24a to be provided. In the present case, the edge elements 16a . 20a in the edge joint area 30a a constant cross section.

The 4 shows the attachment area 26a of the edge element 16a as well as with the edge element 16a connected longitudinal element 12a in a schematic sectional view. The edge element 16a points in the attachment area 26a at least one flattening 28a on. The edge element 16a is in an area of flattening 28a flattened. In the present case, the edge element 16 Flattened from opposite sides. The flattening 28a is designed as a two-sided flattening. But it is also a one-sided flattening conceivable. In the present case, the flattening indicates 28a , a radius, in particular a radius of curvature of a surface of the flattening 28a , between 2 cm and 8 cm, but larger or smaller radii are also conceivable. In particular, due to the two-sided configuration of the flattening 28a can be a resilient composite in the mounting area 26a and / or a high friction between the edge element 16a and the longitudinal element 12a be achieved. The longitudinal element 12a is about the flattening 28a tightly wrapped. The longitudinal element 12a is against rotation with the edge element 16a connected. The winding 54a around the flattening 28a prevents twisting of the longitudinal element 12a around the edge element 16a , Furthermore, prevents the winding 54a advantageously unwinding of the winding 54a , The longitudinal element 12a is form-fitting around the flattening 28a wound. The winding 54a follows a course of flattening 28a ,

The 5 shows the attachment area 42a the further edge element 20a as well as with the other edge element 20a connected cross element 38a in a schematic sectional view. The further edge element 20a has a flattening 60a on. The cross element 38a is in the attachment area 42a close to the flattening 60a wound. The cross element 38a is against rotation with the other edge element 20a connected. The cross element 38a is with the flattening 60a the further edge element 20a analogous to the connection of the longitudinal element 12a with the flattening 28a of the edge element 16a connected.

The 6 shows an alternative edge connection area 30a ' for the lattice structure 10a in a schematic sectional view. The embodiment of the alternative edge connection area 30a ' is directly on the grid structure 10a transferable, which is why the corresponding reference numerals analogous to those of 1 to 5 are chosen and deleted. The further edge element 20a ' points in the alternative edge connection area 30a ' a flattening 32a ' on. The further edge element 20a ' For example, it is flattened and forms the flattening 32a ' out. The edge element 16a ' is several times the flattening 32a ' the further edge element 20a ' wound. A winding 34a ' of the edge element 16a ' is secured against rotation with the flattening 32a 'of the further edge element 20a ' connected. In addition, the edge element 16a ' in the edge joint area 30 ' one in particular analogous to the flattening 32a ' trained flattening 62a ' have, with which a winding 36a ' the further edge element 20a ' connected is. In particular, all edge elements of a grid structure can be connected to one another in this way.

The 7 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for producing the grid structure 10a , In a first process step 64a becomes the boundary element 16a before wrapping with the longitudinal element 12a in the attachment area 26a flattened. In the present case, the edge element 16a pressed and thereby with the flattening 28a Mistake. In a second process step 66a becomes the longitudinal element 12a for its attachment to the edge element 16a in the attachment area 26a of the edge element 16a several times around the edge element 16a wound. In an analogous manner, in the present case, all longitudinal elements 12a . 14a with the upper and the lower edge element 16a . 18a connected. Furthermore, in an analogous manner, the transverse elements 38a . 44a with the lateral edge elements 20a . 22a connected. In addition, the process involves the preparation of the lattice structure 10a corresponding method steps, which result in a production of crossing regions 40a of longitudinal elements 12a . 14a and cross elements 38a . 44a , as well as to a connection of the edge elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a are provided with each other.

The 7 shows a manufacturing device 68a for producing the lattice structure 10a in a schematic plan view. The manufacturing device 68a is provided for the method of manufacturing the lattice structure 10a perform. The manufacturing device 68a works in a production direction 110a. The following are multiply existing elements, assemblies, functional groups and the like of the manufacturing device 68a for reasons of clarity, not all provided with reference numerals.

The manufacturing device 68a has a plurality of reels 70a with raw material for longitudinal elements 12a . 14a on. Furthermore, the manufacturing device 68a at least one reel 72a with raw material for cross elements 38a . 44a on. In addition, the manufacturing device 68a corresponding reels with raw material for the edge elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a on, for example, a reel 74a with raw material for the upper and lower edge elements 16a . 18a , The raw material is according to the configuration of the lattice structure 10a around wire strand and single wires. Depending on the nature of a grid structure, however, profiles, rods, tubes or the like can be used as the raw material in an analogous or correspondingly adapted manner.

blanks 78a the longitudinal elements 12a . 14a are conducted in parallel. In a first editing area 76a each becomes a blank 80a for a transverse element 38a, 44a injected laterally. In a second editing area 82a each becomes a blank 84a for an upper or lower edge element 16a . 18a injected laterally.

In a third editing area 86a become the other, in particular lateral edge elements 20a . 22a flattened to produce corresponding flats with which the cross members 38a . 44a can be connected.

In a fourth and fifth processing area 88a . 94a becomes each a border element 16a . 18a around a corresponding further edge element 20a . 22a wrapped around to create a part of the mutual wrapping.

In a sixth and seventh editing area 90a . 92a each become the cross elements 38a . 44a around the corresponding further edge elements 20a . 22a wound, as mentioned above, adjacent windings are generated extending in opposite directions.

The 9 shows a winding unit 128a the manufacturing device 68a in a perspective view. The winding unit 128a is in the sixth processing area 90a arranged. In particular, the manufacturing device comprises 68a four analogously formed winding units 128a on opposite sides in the sixth edit area 90a and in the seventh processing area 92a are arranged. In addition, the manufacturing device includes 68a further winding units around all windings 34a. 36a, 52a, 54a, 56a, 58a of the lattice structure 10a to manufacture. The following is an operation of the winding unit 128a described. Further wraps of the lattice structure 10a are generated in partially analog and / or partially adapted ways. in principle are shown features of the winding unit 128a on other winding units, in particular corresponding processing areas 88a . 90a . 92a . 94a . 102 . 104a . 106a . 108a in which windings are generated, transferable.

The winding unit 128a is to wrap the edge element 22a with a cross element 130a for its attachment to the edge element 22a intended. After fastening the cross element 130a on the edge element 22a a feed takes place in the production direction 110 and a next cross member 132a becomes at the edge element 22a attached. The edge element 22a is initially formed as an endless blank and will later, especially in an eighth processing area 96a , according to a size of the lattice structure 10a cut.

The winding unit 128a has a guide element 134a on which the longitudinal element 22a leads in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, the winding unit 128a a movably mounted fixing 136a on which the cross element 130a fixed with a winding. The fixing element 136a presses the cross element in the present case 130a in a fixation guide 138a , To a fixing are the fixing 136a and the fixation guide 138a movable towards each other. At a feed are the fixing 136a and the fixation guide 138a away from each other.

The winding unit 128a has a bending element 140a which leads to a bending over of a supernatant 142a of the cross element 130a is provided around the edge element 22a. The further cross element 132a has a not yet bent overhang 144a on. The bending element 140a is partially around the edge element 22a stored all around. Before a next feed, the bending element 140a pivoted to a starting position and bends in a subsequent pivoting about the edge element 22a the next projection 144a around the edge element 22a , The winding unit 128a has another fixing element 146a which is provided for laterally fixing the cross member 130a. The further fixing element 146a is movably mounted. The further fixing element 146a is pivotable about a pivot axis perpendicular to a lattice plane, in particular about the cross member 130a for a feed release.

The winding unit 128a has another bending element 148a which leads to a lateral bending of the supernatant 142a after its first bending around the edge element 22a is provided. The further bending element 148a bends the supernatant 142a in a direction parallel to a longitudinal direction of the edge element 22a , The supernatant 142a In this case, it is in a fastening region 150a of the further fixing element 146a fixed. The supernatant 142a or the cross element 130a are first of the fixing element 136a and the further fixing element 146a fixed. Subsequently, the supernatant 142a by means of the bending element 140a around the edge element 22a bent. Then the supernatant 142a bent laterally by means of the further bending element 148a.

The winding unit 128a has a winder 152a on, leading to a multiple winding of the supernatant 142a around the edge element 22a is provided. The winder 152a generates the windings 52a . 58a the cross elements 38a . 44a . 130a , 132a of the lattice structure 10a around the edge elements 20a . 22a the lattice structure 10a , The winder 152a is laterally over the edge element 22a and the bent overhang 142a pivoted. A pivot axis of the winder 152a runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the edge element 22a , The winder 152a has a rotatably mounted winding element 154a on. The winding element 154a has a recording area 156a for the edge element 22a and the supernatant 142a. The recording area 156a is U-shaped. For a first winding is the further bending element 148a swung back to a starting position. In addition, the further fixing element 146a swung back to a starting position. This will be the supernatant 142a for the winder 152a accessible. Furthermore, the recording area 156a over the edge element 22a and the supernatant 142a pivoted. The winding element 154a is then rotated to the supernatant 142a several times to wrap around the edge element 22a. After rewinding the supernatant several times 142a around the edge element 22a becomes the winder 152a swung back to a feed to an initial position.

In the eighth processing area 96a a trimming takes place according to a size of the lattice structure 10a and a feed of a trimmed preliminary structure 98a the lattice structure 10a ,

In a ninth editing area 99a becomes the preliminary structure 98a turned by 90 degrees. In the present case we have the preliminary structure 98a lifted, turned, and lowered onto a transport lane.

In a tenth processing area 100a become the upper and lower boundary elements 16a . 18a pressed to appropriate flattening 28a to create.

In an eleventh and twelfth editing area 102 . 108a become the lateral boundary elements 20a . 22a around the top and bottom edge elements 16a , 18a, to create a second part of the mutual wrapping.

In a 13th and 14th editing area 104a . 106a the longitudinal elements 12a, 14a are around the corresponding edge elements 16a . 18a wound. All join points of the grid structure 10a are after going through the 14th edit area 106a completed. Finished grid structures 10a are then stacked and optionally coated later. However, the blanks of the longitudinal elements used are advantageous 12a . 14a , Cross elements 38a . 44a and boundary elements 16a . 18a . 20a . 22a already appropriately coated and / or surface-treated. Due to the omission of welded and / or soldered connections, corresponding coatings and surfaces are not damaged during the production of the lattice structure, as a result of which, in particular, a high corrosion resistance, in particular of connection points, can be achieved.

Optionally, a further processing area is provided at a suitable location, in which edge elements are provided with flats for edge connection areas, for example by means of pressing.

The 9 shows an alternative manufacturing device 68a ' for producing the lattice structure 10a in a schematic plan view. The alternative manufacturing device 68a ' is to the manufacturing device 68a formed largely analog, which is why corresponding reference numerals are selected and deleted analogously. Instead of turning a preliminary structure 98a ' takes place in the alternative manufacturing device 68a ' a further processing of the Vorstruktur 98a 'in one with respect to an initial manufacturing direction 110a ' rotated by 90 ° further production direction 112a ' after completion of the lateral links of the preliminary structure 98a ' ,

In the 10 to 12 three further embodiments of the invention are shown. The following descriptions and the drawings are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, with reference in principle to the same reference components, in particular with respect to components with the same reference numerals, to the drawings and / or the description of the other embodiments, in particular 1 to 9 , can be referenced. To distinguish the embodiments of the letter a is the reference numerals of the embodiment in the 1 to 9 readjusted. In the embodiments of the 10 to 12 the letter a is replaced by the letters b to d.

The 10 shows a first alternative lattice structure 10b in a schematic plan view. The first alternative lattice structure 10b has at least one longitudinal element 12b and at least one perpendicular to the longitudinal element 12b extending edge element 16b on that part of a lattice edge 24b formed. The longitudinal element 12b is to its attachment to the edge element 16b in a mounting area 26b of the edge element 16b several times around the edge element 16b wound. The longitudinal element 12b is designed as a wire strand. In the present case, the first alternative lattice structure 10b a plurality of parallel and evenly spaced longitudinal elements 12b, 14b.

The first alternative lattice structure 10b has a plurality of transverse elements 38b, 44b, which are not all provided with reference numerals for reasons of clarity. The cross elements 38b . 44b are designed as wire strands. The longitudinal elements 12b . 14b and the cross elements 38b . 44b are at least substantially identical to each other. The cross elements 38b . 44b occur in crossing areas 40b . 114b through the longitudinal elements 12b . 14b therethrough.

The edge element 16b is designed as a single wire. In the present case, all boundary elements 16b the first alternative lattice structure 10b designed as individual wires. The border elements 16b have in attachment areas 26b . 42b for longitudinal elements 12b . 14b and transverse elements 38b, 44b each have flats 28b . 60b on which the longitudinal elements 12b , 14b and the cross members 38b . 44b are tightly wound, which in particular a twist-proof connection can be provided.

The 11 shows a second alternative lattice structure 10c in a schematic plan view. The second alternative lattice structure 10c has boundary elements 16c . 18c , 20c, 22c and longitudinal elements 12c . 14c and cross elements 38c . 44c on, for their attachment to the edge elements 16c . 18c . 20c . 22c wrapped around these. The second alternative lattice structure 10c is free of material connection points.

The border elements 16c . 18c . 20c . 22c form a rectangular, in particular square lattice edge 24c , The longitudinal elements 12c . 14c are perpendicular with respect to an upper and lower edge element 16c . 18c . 20c . 22c the lattice structure 10c , The longitudinal elements 12c . 14c are with the top and bottom edge element 16c . 18c connected. The longitudinal elements 12c . 14c run parallel to each other. The cross elements 38c . 44c run obliquely with respect to lateral edge elements 20c . 22c the second alternative lattice structure 10c , The cross elements 38c . 44c are with the side edge elements 20c . 22c connected. The longitudinal elements 12c . 14c and cross elements 38c . 44c form parallelogram-shaped, in particular diamond-shaped mesh. It is also conceivable that longitudinal elements obliquely are arranged with respect to upper and lower edge elements. It is also conceivable that both longitudinal elements and transverse elements are arranged obliquely with respect to edge elements to which they are attached. For example, diamond-shaped meshes can be produced in this way, the tips of which each point to an edge element.

The 12 shows a third alternative lattice structure 10d in a schematic plan view. The third alternative lattice structure 10d has boundary elements 16d . 18d , 20d, 22d, 120d, 122d. In the present case, the edge elements form 16d . 18d , 20d, 22d, 120d, 122d a hexagonal lattice edge 24d , The grid structure 10d has longitudinal elements 12d . 14d , Cross elements 38d . 44d , and further cross elements 124d . 126d on, each perpendicular to two opposite, parallel edge elements 16d . 18d . 20d . 22d . 120d . 122d run and wound several times around this to a fixture. The longitudinal elements 12d, 14d, the cross members 38d . 44d and the other cross elements 124d . 126d each run through common intersection areas 40d in each of which a longitudinal element 12d , a cross element 38d and another cross element 124d cross. The third alternative lattice structure 10d has a plurality of triangular meshes. In particular, the meshes are formed in the present case as equilateral triangles.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• AT 409506 B [0003]

Claims (16)

Grid structure, in particular a steel grid structure, with at least one longitudinal element (12a, 14a; 12b, 14b; 12c, 14c; 12d, 14d) and with at least one perpendicular or oblique to the longitudinal element (12a, 14a; 12b, 14b; 12c, 14c; , 14d) formed as a single wire, rod, wire strand, tube or profile edge element (16a, 18a; 16b; 16c; 16d), at least part of a grid edge (24a; 24b; 24c; 24d) is formed, wherein the longitudinal element ( 12a, 14a, 12b, 14b, 12c, 14c, 12d, 14d) for fixing them to the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a, 16b, 16c, 16d) in a fastening region (26a, 26b, 26c, 26d) of FIG Edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a; 16b; 16c; 16d) is wound several times around the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a; 16b; 16c; 16d). Grid structure (10a) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the edge element (16a) in the attachment region (26a) has at least one flattening (28a). Grid structure (10a) after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the longitudinal element (12a, 14a) is secured against rotation with the edge element (16a). Grid structure (10a) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal element (12a, 14a) is formed as a wire strand. Grid structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a further edge element (20a) running at right angles or obliquely to the edge element (16a). Grid structure after Claim 5 , characterized in that the edge element (16a) in an edge connection region (30a) of the further edge element (20a) is wound several times around the further edge element (20a). Grid structure after Claim 6 , characterized in that the further edge element (20a) in the edge connection region (30a) has at least one flattening (32a). Grid structure according to one of Claims 5 to 7 , characterized in that the edge element (16a) and the further edge element (20a) are interconnected by means of a mutual winding, wherein a winding (34a) of the edge element (16a) around the further edge element (20a) has a different mobility than a winding (36a) of the further edge element (20a) around the edge element (16a). Grid structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one transverse element (38a) which intersects in particular perpendicularly the longitudinal element (12a) in at least one crossing region (40a). Grid structure after Claim 9 , characterized in that the transverse element (38a) in the crossing region (40a) passes through the longitudinal element (12a). Grid structure after Claim 9 or 10 , characterized in that the transverse element (38a) is formed as a single wire, a rod, a pipe or a profile. Lattice structure at least after Claim 5 and 9 , characterized in that the transverse element (38a) for its attachment to the further edge element (20a) in a fastening region (42) of the further edge element (20a) is wound several times around the further edge element (20a). Lattice structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a plurality of longitudinal elements (12a, 14a) in the form of wire strands and a plurality of transverse elements (38a, 44a) in the form of a single wire, rod, wire strand, tube or profile, which together with the longitudinal elements (12a , 14a) forming a grid (46a) and by a plurality of the grid (46a) bordering, as a single wire, rod, wire strand, tube or profile formed edge elements (16a, 18a, 20a, 22), wherein the longitudinal elements (12a, 14a), the transverse elements (38a, 44a) and the edge elements (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a) are connected to each other by twisting, inserting and / or wrapping. Method for producing a lattice structure (10a), in particular a steel lattice structure, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, with at least one longitudinal element (12a, 14a) and with at least one perpendicular or oblique to the longitudinal element (12a, 14a), as a single wire, rod 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a) which forms at least part of a grid edge (24a), the longitudinal element (12a, 14a) being fastened to the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a) in a fastening region (26a) of the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a) is wound several times around the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a). Method according to Claim 14 , characterized in that the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a) is at least partially flattened before wrapping with the longitudinal element (12a, 14a) in the fastening region (26a). Manufacturing device, which is for producing a lattice structure (10a) according to one of Claims 1 to 13 and / or to carry out a method according to Claim 14 or 15 is provided.

Images