TW201825826A - Lattice structure, method for producing a lattice structure and manufacturing apparatus thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a lattice structure, in particular a steel lattice structure, with at least one longitudinal element (12a, 14a; 12b, 14b; 12c, 14c; 12d, 14d) and with at least one peripheral element (16a, 18a; 16b; 16c; 16d), which extends perpendicularly or obliquely with respect to the longitudinal element (12a, 14a; 12b, 14b; 12c, 14c; 12d, 14d) and is embodied as a single wire, as a rod, as a wire strand, as a tube or as a profile, and which in particular implements at least a portion of a lattice edge (24a; 24b; 24c; 24d), wherein, for the purpose of fastening the longitudinal element (12a, 14a; 12b, 14b; 12c, 14c; 12d, 14d) to the peripheral element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a; 16b; 16c; 16d), the longitudinal element (12a, 14a; 12b, 14b; 12c, 14c; 12d, 14d) is wound several times about the peripheral element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a; 16b; 16c; 16d) in a fixation region (26a; 26b; 26c; 26d) of the peripheral element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a; 16b; 16c; 16d).

Description

Checkered grid structure and method for manufacturing checkered grid structure

The invention relates to a grid structure according to claim 1 and a method for manufacturing a grid structure according to claim 14.

According to the conventional grid system, it is used as a flat or wavy support or protection grid structure. The nodes of these grids are welded, fixtured and / or provided with additional wires to give these nodes tensile strength and / or shear strength, so that the corresponding grids are only slightly deformed under load. This particularly leads to higher production costs in the case of additional connectors such as clips or metal wires. In addition, especially welding operations often lead to structural changes, resulting in the fragility of the corresponding grid in some welding locations.

For example, the Austrian patent AT 409 506 B discloses a grid structure composed of rod-shaped upper and lower strips, and a connecting rod is welded between the strips. The corresponding nodes formed by the welding positions cause high production costs and are accompanied by structural changes.

It is an object of the present invention to provide, in particular, a general-purpose grid structure having advantageous properties in terms of manufacturability and / or load capacity. In addition, another object of the present invention is to manufacture a bearable connection point of a grid structure at a lower cost. Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to achieve a reliable connection between the inner grid and the edge grid, and lower production costs, in particular. In particular, these objects can be achieved by the features of claims 1 and 14, and advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention can be obtained from the dependent claims.

The invention relates to a grid structure, in particular a grid structure with at least essentially no welding and / or no solder joints, in particular a steel grid structure, which has at least one longitudinal element and at least one perpendicular to or Obliquely, in particular, an edge element bent by the longitudinal element, the edge element being composed of a single wire, rod, stranded wire, pipe body or profile, and forming in particular a part of at least one edge of a grid, wherein, in order to To achieve the purpose of fixing the longitudinal element to the edge element, the longitudinal element is wound around the edge element multiple times in a fixed area of the edge element.

The grid structure according to the invention can advantageously be realized by a particularly simple and / or low-cost manufacturability. In particular, the longitudinal and / or transverse elements of the grid structure can be simply and / or reliably and / or economically fastened to a grid frame. It is advantageous to provide a weldless connection, especially a coiled portion of metal wire, stranded wire, rod, profile, etc., which is fixed to prevent loosening and / or twisting. In addition, a grid structure with load capacity can be provided. In particular, loadable and / or shearing and / or tensile connection points of the grid structure can be implemented cost-effectively. In addition, changes in the structure of the grid can be avoided, for example, due to high-temperature effects formed during welding and / or welding. Advantageously, the coating and / or surface structure of the used metal wires, strands, pipes, etc. can be kept largely or completely unharmed and / or unaffected, so that in particular high corrosion resistance can be achieved This is achieved in the connection area.

Specifically, the grid structure is suitable and / or designed to reinforce, protect and / or secure areas. For example, the grid structure can be inserted into concrete and / or asphalt for reinforcement, and / or used as a reinforcing material in mining. However, it is also conceivable that the grid structure serves as slope protection, coverings, protective barriers, especially avalanche protection, as anti-falling rocks, at least part of building envelopes, protective elements, partition elements, fences, damage protection, etc. In particular, it is used in parallel, vertical or oblique installation with respect to the substrate.

In particular, in addition to any coating, the grid structure is preferably made at least partially, preferably at least mostly or entirely of metal, and more preferably of steel and / or stainless steel. It is preferred that the grid structure has a specific corrosion-resistant and / or corrosion-resistant coating. For example, the grid structure may be galvanized, especially hot-dip galvanized and / or have an aluminum-zinc coating and / or a metal oxide coating and / or a ceramic coating and / or a plastic coating. Reference to "at least a majority" herein is understood to mean at least 55%, preferably at least 65%, particularly preferably at least 75%, particularly preferably at least 85%, and particularly advantageously at least 95%, but especially completely 100%. "Designed for" is intended to be specifically understood as being planned, designed and / or equipped. A master system for a particular function design should specifically mean that the particular function is implemented and / or performed in at least one application and / or operating state.

Preferably, the grid structure has at least one transverse element specifically designed as a single wire, rod, stranded wire, pipe body or profile, the transverse element and the longitudinal element, particularly in at least one crossing area, in particular Intersect perpendicularly, thereby advantageously obtaining high capacity load capacity. In particular, the longitudinal element and the transverse element intersect in an intersection region at an angle of at least approximately 90 ° or at an angle of at least approximately 60 °. However, it can be any other angle, such as about 10 °, about 20 °, about 30 °, about 45 °, or about 70 ° or any angle value during the period. Preferably, the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element are at least substantially parallel to a main extension plane of the grid structure. It is preferred that the longitudinal element and the transverse element in the intersection region are particularly connected to each other without welding. Preferably, the longitudinal element and the transverse element are connected frictionally and / or shape-matchingly in the intersection region. "At least substantially (substantially)" In this context, it should be understood that the deviation from the predetermined value is, in particular, less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, and most preferably less than 5%. The "main extension plane" through a subject refers to a plane parallel to the largest side of a smallest imaginary cuboid, and the cuboid just completely surrounds the subject, especially through the center of the cuboid. With regard to "substantially (substantially) parallel" is herein understood the orientation in a direction relative to the reference direction, especially in a plane, the deviation of said direction from the reference direction, especially less than 8 °, It is preferably less than 5 °, and particularly preferably less than 2 °.

In particular, the grid element has a plurality, in particular formed longitudinal elements and a plurality of, at least substantially the same as each other, and a plurality of transverse elements, in particular at least substantially each other and / or the same shape as the longitudinal elements. Of course, it is conceivable that the longitudinal elements and / or transverse elements are formed differently from each other and / or that the grid structure has a plurality of different types of longitudinal elements and / or different types of transverse elements. It is preferred that the longitudinal elements are at least substantially parallel to each other. More preferably, the transverse elements are at least substantially parallel to each other. Advantageously, the longitudinal elements and the transverse elements form a particularly rectangular, preferably square, mesh. However, other geometries are also conceivable, such as triangles or pentagons or hexagons or polygons, especially regular or irregular mesh geometries. The main system of "at least substantially the same" is particularly understood in this context as its structure has the same function. In addition to manufacturing tolerances, there may be differences in individual components at most. The differences between them do not affect the execution of their common functions. Subjects that are related are preferably the same in manufacturing technology except for manufacturing tolerances. The terms about the same subject are especially understood as subjects that are symmetrical to each other.

Advantageously, the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element and / or the edge element are made at least partially, in particular at least mostly, of metal, in particular steel and / or stainless steel, in particular of high-strength steel production. The high-strength steel may be, for example, a spring steel and / or a steel wire and / or a steel suitable for a wire rope. Advantageously, the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element and / or the edge element comprises at least one metal wire, which advantageously extends over the corresponding length of the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element and / or the edge element And / or integrally formed. Specifically, the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element and / or the edge element and / or the metal wire have a tensile strength of at least 800 N mm ^-2 , preferably at least 1000 N mm ^-2 , and particularly preferably It is at least 1200 N mm ^-2 , most preferably at least 1400 N mm ^-2 , particularly preferred is at least 1600 N mm ^-2 , especially about 1770 N mm ^-2 or about 1960 N mm ^-2 tensile strength . The longitudinal member and / or the transverse member and / or the edge element and / or the metal wires may also have a higher tensile strength, e.g., tensile strength of at least 2000 N mm ^-2, or at least 2200 N mm ^{- 2} , or at least 2400 N mm ^-2 .

The term “metal wire” is particularly understood in this context as an elongated and / or thin and / or at least mechanically bendable body and / or a flexible body. The metal stranded wire preferably has at least two, especially several, such as three or four or five or ten or even more, especially the same, preferably metal wires wound around each other. The metal wire preferably has a cross-section that is at least substantially fixed, especially circular or oval, in its longitudinal direction. Particularly advantageously, the metal wire is designed as a circular wire. However, it is also conceivable that the metal wire is at least partially or completely a flat wire, a square wire, a polygonal wire and / or a profile wire. For example, the metal wire may be made at least partially or entirely of a metal, especially a metal alloy, and / or an organic and / or inorganic plastic and / or composite material and / or an inorganic non-metal material and / or a ceramic material. For example, it is also conceivable that the metal wire is designed as a polymer wire or a plastic wire. In particular, the wire may be a composite wire, such as a metal-organic composite wire and / or metal-inorganic composite wire and / or metal-polymer composite wire and / or metal-metal composite wire and the like. In particular, the metal wire may include at least two different materials, in particular, they are arranged together and / or at least partially mixed with each other according to a composite geometry. The metal wire is preferably designed as a metal wire, particularly as a steel wire, and more particularly as a stainless steel wire. If the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element and / or the edge element have multiple metal wires, the same wires are preferred. It is also conceivable that the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element and / or the edge element have a plurality of different materials and / or diameters and / or their cross-section metal wires. Alternatively, the metal wire is made of a composite material. In particular, the metal wire may include at least two different materials. The metal wire preferably has a special anti-corrosion coating and / or sheath, such as a zinc coating and / or an aluminum-zinc coating and / or a plastic coating and / or a PET coating and / or a metal oxide and / Or ceramic coating.

The edge element is preferably a single wire or rod. In addition, the edge element preferably has a cross section that is at least substantially the same and / or circular or oval. However, it is also conceivable that the edge element is designed as a pipe body or a profile, in particular having the same or variable cross section. The edge element preferably has a higher bending stiffness than the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element. It is also conceivable that the edge element is at least substantially the same as the transverse element and / or the longitudinal element. Wherein, the subject having "at least substantially the same cross section" is understood in a specific meaning as any first cross section of the subject along at least one direction of the subject and any second direction of the subject along the direction It has a minimum area of a differential area, which is formed when the cross sections are overlapped. The minimum area is preferably not more than 20% of the larger cross-sectional surface area, and more preferably not more than 10%. Not more than 5% is preferred. It is conceivable that the edge element and the longitudinal and / or transverse element are preferably at least partially integrally formed. "Integral molding" is also understood as one-piece molding. “Single piece” is specifically understood as a single piece forming. The piece is preferably made of a blank, a single body and / or a casting, especially the one formed by injection molding, and the one formed by single and / or multiple pieces.

The longitudinal element is preferably wound around the edge element at least twice, preferably at least three times, more preferably at least four times, and most preferably at least five times. If the longitudinal element has a plurality of metal wires or the like, it is particularly conceivable that these metal wires are individually or jointly wound and / or connected to the edge element and / or and / or spliced in the fixed area . The longitudinal element is preferably wound tightly in the fixed area. For the windings described herein, in principle, they can be envisaged to be left-handed or right-handed. Advantageously, a planar grid structure can be provided by suitable winding. In addition, it is conceivable that multiple windings can be performed and / or the winding portion is in a multilayer structure, for example, the winding portions include an internal winding having a first number of threads and / or a first winding angle. And a second winding portion having a second number of threads and / or a second winding angle. It is conceivable that, particularly when the edge element and the longitudinal member and / or the transverse element are at least partially integrally formed, they are connected through a closed loop, connected to each other through a locking ring and / or form a closed loop, at which It is preferable that the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element form a winding portion at one end of the ring, which is wound around the edge element in particular. Especially at one end of the longitudinal, transverse and / or edge element, a knotted loop may be formed.

It is preferable that the winding portions of the adjacent longitudinal elements are extended in opposite directions along the edge elements fixed by the corresponding longitudinal elements. In addition, it is preferable that the winding portions of the adjacent lateral elements are extended in opposite directions along the other edge elements fixed by the corresponding lateral elements. This can advantageously avoid tension in the grid. In this way, a better structure of the flat grid can be achieved. It is also conceivable that the winding portions are extended in the same direction, and / or the winding portions may choose a direction of point symmetry and / or mirror symmetry (relative to the center point of the grid and / or the axis of symmetry). In addition, the number of threads of the winding section may be different.

In particular, the length and / or width of the grid structure is at least 0.5 m, preferably at least 1 m, particularly advantageously at least 2 m, and preferably about 3 m and / or at most 10 m, particularly preferably at most 5 m, particularly It is preferably at most 4 meters. However, it can be any other size, for example, deviating from the values provided here by 2 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 50 times, 100 times or more, or any other multiple.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is disclosed that the edge element in the fixed area has at least one, especially one or two flat sides. The edge element is preferably flattened and / or squeezed in the fixed area. Advantageously, the flat portion has a cross section different from a circular or oval shape. In particular, the longitudinal element is wound particularly tightly onto the flat portion. The longitudinal element in the fixed area is preferably abutted against the flat portion. Viewed at an angle parallel to the plane of a grid and perpendicular to the edge elements, the flat portion has a curved, particularly circular, preferably concave surface. Particularly preferably, the flat portion is a recessed groove bent from the opposite side. In particular, the flat portion has a surface with a radius of curvature of at least 1 cm, especially at least 2 cm, most preferably at least 2 cm and / or at most 20 cm, preferably at most 10 cm, and particularly preferably at least 8 cm. This can advantageously prevent slipping and / or loosening in the connection area. Furthermore, this is a manufacturable, load-bearing connection that can be achieved by winding.

Especially the flat portion, especially the center of the flat portion, in the longitudinal extension direction of the element having the flat portion (such as the edge element, the longitudinal element and / or the transverse element, and / or the winding portion) An offset is provided with respect to the winding part, especially with respect to the center of the winding part. The "longitudinal extension direction" of the subject should be particularly understood as a direction parallel to the largest side of the smallest geometric rectangular parallelepiped that just completely surrounds the subject. The “center of a flat portion” should be particularly understood as a point on a flat portion which is a longitudinal extension of an element having the flat portion (such as the edge element, the longitudinal element, and / or the transverse element). Direction center point. The “center of the winding part” should be understood as a point on the winding part, which in particular forms the center point of extension of the winding part in the longitudinal direction. In particular, the center of the winding part and in the longitudinal direction The offset of the center of the flat portion in the extension direction is at least 15% of the total longitudinal extension of the flat portion and / or the rolled portion, preferably at least 20%, particularly preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 30%, Particularly preferred is at least 40%. Specifically, viewed from the center of the flat portion, the offset is formed in one direction, and the element forming the winding portion, especially the wound element, such as the longitudinal element, is formed. The lateral element and / or the edge element are connected to the winding portion. In addition, viewed from the center of the flat portion, the offset is formed in one direction, and a longitudinal component of the tensile force parallel to the longitudinal direction is directed toward Extending in that direction, that pull The longitudinal component of is applied to the element forming the winding part when pulling and when forming the winding part, especially the wound element, such as the longitudinal element, the transverse element, and / or the edge element. Especially for wound elements, such as the longitudinal element, the transverse element and / or the edge element. Therefore, a grid structure with high stability can be advantageously realized, in particular to prevent fractures, nodes and / or rolling Flower displacement.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is disclosed that the longitudinal element and the edge element, in particular the flat portion, are connected in a non-rotatable manner, in particular in the connection region. In particular, the longitudinal elements in the connection region are wound around the flat portion in a matching shape. As a result, twisting at the connection can be advantageously prevented, especially under load.

In addition, the invention still discloses that the longitudinal element is designed as a metal strand. In particular, the metal stranded wire has a plurality, in particular two metal wires extending without interruption over the length of the longitudinal element. Advantageously, the longitudinal element is wound around the edge element as a whole. In particular, a metal wire of a longitudinal element formed by a metal strand is wound around the edge element according to a twisted twisted form. As a result, a high load capacity and / or edge bonding of the surface of the grid can be achieved.

In addition, the present invention also proposes that the grid structure has another edge element, and the other edge element extends at a right angle or obliquely to the edge element, and particularly extends at a certain angle. Advantageously, the edge element and the other edge element are at least substantially the same. Preferably, the other edge element is a single wire or a rod body, but it may also be a metal stranded wire, a pipe body, a profile, and the like. The grid structure preferably has a plurality of edge elements, in particular interconnected, these edge elements, in particular, completely forming a square grid edge. Advantageously, the grid structure has four edge elements. However, it is also conceivable that the grid structure has three or five or six or even more edge elements which are arranged regularly and / or at the same angle to each other. Preferably, the grid structure is rectangular, especially square. The grid structure can also be triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, polygonal or other shapes, such as oval or circular or irregular shapes. The longitudinal element is preferably extended by at least one edge element parallel to the grid structure, especially two edge elements parallel to and / or opposite to each other. It is particularly preferred that the transverse element extends parallel to at least one edge element, in particular an edge element extending perpendicular to the longitudinal element of the grid structure, in particular two parallel grid structures and / or oppositely arranged grid structures Edge element. This can advantageously provide a stable and / or loadable frame for the grid in a cost-effective manner.

When the edge element in the edge connection region of the other edge element is wound particularly closely several times around the other edge element, in particular at least twice, advantageously at least three times, more preferably at least four times, and preferably at least five times It can provide an advantageous lower cost to manufacture a loadable edge, especially a grid structure. The edge element is of a friction-type and / or shape-matching type, especially if it is not connected to another edge element without welding.

If the other edge element has at least one flat portion in the edge connection region, a grid edge with a twist-resistant edge element can be produced cost-effectively and / or easily. Preferably, the other edge element in the edge connection region is flattened and / or pressed. It is particularly preferred that the edge element is wound on the flat portion and in particular on the flat portion, whereby loosening and / or twisting can be advantageously prevented.

If the edge element and the other edge element are connected to each other by winding each other, a dimensionally stable and / or twist-resistant grid edge can be provided. The rolled portion of the edge element surrounding the other edge element advantageously has a different mobility than the rolled portion of the other edge element surrounding the edge element. Advantageously, the edge element, in particular similar to another edge element, has an edge connection region and / or a flat portion.

When the transverse element passes through the longitudinal element in the intersection region, the purpose of the node having pressure resistance and / or shear resistance and / or tensile strength can be achieved in a low cost manner. Preferably, the wires of the longitudinal elements are partially spaced apart from each other in the intersection region and / or form channels for the transverse elements. In particular, a transverse element in the intersection area is inserted into the longitudinal element and / or inserted therethrough. It is also conceivable that the longitudinal elements in the intersection region are wound at least partially around the transverse element and / or at least partially around the transverse element. Preferably, the wire of the longitudinal element clamps the transverse element at least partially in the intersection region. In particular, the transverse element in the intersection region is frictionally connected to the longitudinal element in a frictionally and / or shape-matching manner.

In addition, the present invention also proposes that, in order to fix the lateral element to the other edge element, the lateral element is wound in the fixed area of the other edge element, and the other edge element is wound several times, especially at least twice. At least three times, particularly advantageously at least four times, preferably at least five times. In particular, the other edge element in another fixed area has a flat portion wound for the transverse element. It is also conceivable that the longitudinal element and the transverse element are fixed to the same edge element, especially if they and the edge element each form an angle other than a right angle. For example, the grid structure may have rhombic meshes because the longitudinal and / or transverse elements are fixed obliquely to, in particular, the same edge elements.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is pointed out that the grid structure has a plurality of longitudinal elements formed by metal strands, and a plurality of transverse elements formed by single wires, rods, metal strands, pipes or profiles. And form a horizontal element of a grid with the longitudinal element and a plurality of edge elements formed by a single wire, bar, stranded wire, pipe body or profile surrounding the grid, wherein the longitudinal element, the transverse The element and the edge element are connected to each other by twisting, fitting and / or winding, in particular without the use of welding and / or without solder joints and / or without adhesive connection points. The grid structure or a secondary structure having at least a plurality of meshes and at least a portion of the edge elements does not use welding and / or no solder joints and / or no adhesive points and / or other adhesive connection points. This can provide a grid structure that can be manufactured with little manufacturing cost, and has load-resistant and torsion-resistant nodes and edge connection points.

The invention further provides that a longitudinal element and / or a transverse element in at least one fixed region and / or an edge element in at least one edge connection region at least partially form a winding element, which is self-winding And / or winding a longitudinal element, a transverse element and / or an edge element multiple times, at least the winding element being at least partially flattened. This can advantageously further increase the load capacity of the solderless connection and / or the effect of preventing twisting, especially the effect of preventing loosening. The related winding element is preferably understood as a longitudinal element, a transverse element and / or an edge element, which can form a winding portion and wind a longitudinal element, a transverse element and / or an edge element and / Or another longitudinal, transverse and / or edge element which is different from the longitudinal element, the transverse element and / or the edge element is preferred. The term “winding element” should be particularly understood to mean that another element is wound at least twice, preferably at least twice or more, and particularly preferably the whole range is wound. The term “partially flattened” of the winding element is understood to mean that the winding element has at least one winding portion that is at least partially flattened. The “flattened winding part” should be particularly understood as a winding part, which is forced to flatten the winding part after manufacturing. Therefore, the cross section of the winding portion is changed. Furthermore, in particular, the cross-section of the longitudinal, transverse and / or edge elements forming the winding is changed. It is also possible that only the cross section of the wound portion is changed after flattening, and the cross section of the longitudinal, transverse and / or edge elements forming the wound portion remains at least substantially unchanged. In particular, the flattened winding element is flattened in a direction perpendicular to a winding axis of the winding element. In other words, a rolled portion and / or a rolled element, after being flattened, preferably has a smaller extension in a direction of force that is at least substantially parallel to a flattening relative to that before flattening. The rolled portion and / or the extension of the rolled element is at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, preferably at least 50% or even more preferably at least 100% smaller than before flattening after flattening.

The invention also proposes that at least part of a longitudinal and / or transverse element in at least one fixed region and / or an edge element in at least one edge connection region form at least a winding element, which is self-wound multiple times and / or A longitudinal, transverse and / or edge element is wound multiple times, wherein the winding element forms a braking element, the effect of which is to slow down the winding, in particular by loosening the winding portion of at least a part of the winding element. Acceleration of the element and / or the grid structure can be achieved, for example, by hitting the grid structure with a load. Therefore, the grid structure can achieve a favorable braking effect, so that, for example, the redirection and force absorption of the force when a load hits the grid structure can be achieved in particular. In particular, the braking element can at least absorb the force acting on the grid structure by its irreversible characteristics. The non-reversible deformation includes at least one winding element and / or at least a portion of at least one winding portion of the at least one fixed area and / or edge connection area being loosely rolled. The element wound by the braking element will not cover the flat portion, in particular the braking element will not cover the flattened area.

Furthermore, the invention still proposes that at least one longitudinal element at least partially forms a closed loop. This can advantageously form a fixed area of the grid structure, which can advantageously be used for external fixing and / or for connecting individual longitudinal / transverse and / or edge elements to one another. "Closed loop" should be particularly understood as a form formed in the sense of a knot similar to a rope eye, which will not shrink, especially under tensile loading.

In addition, the present invention further provides that, when used to form and / or fix the grid structure, the closed loop can be fastened to another closed loop formed by at least a part of another longitudinal element and / or fastened to an external fixation. element. It is thereby particularly preferred that individual longitudinal / transverse and / or edge elements can be connected to each other, especially when used to form the grid structure, and / or preferably that the grid structure is connected to a grid. The external structure of the network structure is different.

In addition, the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a grid structure, particularly a steel mesh structure, which has at least one longitudinal element and at least one edge element perpendicular or oblique to the longitudinal element. The edge element is made of It is composed of a single wire, a bar, a metal strand, a pipe body or a profile, and particularly forms a part of at least one edge of the grid. In order to achieve the purpose of fixing the longitudinal element to the edge element, the longitudinal element is attached to the edge element. The edge element is wound multiple times in a fixed area, especially at least twice, preferably at least three times, particularly preferably at least four times, and particularly preferably at least five times.

The method of the present invention can achieve the purpose of simple manufacturing and / or low cost. In particular, the longitudinal and / or transverse elements of the grid structure can be fastened to the grid frame in a simple and / or reliable and / or economical manner. Advantageously, it is possible to provide solderless joints / (especially) windings between wires, strands, rods, profiles or the like, which are secured against loosening and / or twisting. In addition, a grid structure with load capacity can also be provided, which can achieve the purpose of pressure and / or shear and / or tensile resistance of the nodes of the grid structure in a low cost manner. In addition, changes in the structure of the grid can be avoided, for example, due to high-temperature effects formed during welding and / or fusion welding.

In addition, the invention also proposes that the edge element is at least partially flattened at a fixed area before being wound by the longitudinal element to form a flat portion. It is better that the edge elements of the grid structure are flattened and / or provided with at least one flat portion in their fixed area and / or edge connection area, especially when the corresponding element is wound and rolled in the corresponding area for the purpose of fixing. / Or implemented before bending.

In addition, the invention also proposes that at least one longitudinal element of the grid structure forming at least one winding portion and / or at least one transverse direction of the grid structure forming at least one winding portion in the fixed area. The element, and / or at least one edge element forming at least one winding portion in at least one edge connection region of the edge element is at least partially flattened. This can advantageously create a grid structure with further improved stability, load capacity and / or anti-rolling safety. In particular, the longitudinal, transverse and / or edge elements forming the winding are flattened in a plane extending at least substantially parallel to the main extension plane of the grid structure. It is also conceivable that the longitudinal, transverse and / or edge elements forming the rolled portion can be flattened, lying on a plane extending at a specific angle, in particular at least substantially perpendicular to the main extension plane of the grid structure . The "main extension plane" refers to a plane parallel to the largest side of a smallest imaginary cuboid, and the cuboid just completely surrounds the main body, especially through the center of the cuboid.

In addition, the invention proposes that, in at least one method step, at least two longitudinal elements are twisted to form a metal strand, wherein the metal strand has at least one twist distance that is widened, especially when twisted. Thereby, a metal stranded wire can be advantageously manufactured, which can provide the space required for the injection molding of the transverse element of the grid structure. By widening the stranding process, it is advantageously possible to avoid subsequent widening of the twist length of the metal stranded wire, for example by pulling the metal stranded wire apart. This can achieve the purpose of manufacturing a uniform metal stranded wire, and in particular, a metal stranded wire with a uniform widening can be manufactured, so that a more rigid metal stranded wire can be produced in particular. Advantageously, an overall more rigid system of longitudinal and transverse elements and thus a particularly rigid grid structure is achieved. In particular, it is possible to achieve a better clamping effect of the transverse elements in the widened twist distance of the metal strands at the crossing area. In particular, the regular twist of metal strands is enlarged. In particular, when widening, a widening element is pushed between the many longitudinal elements that are twisted just before the widening of the widened region, so after the widening of the region to be widened, the widening The wide element is sandwiched between the longitudinal elements. After all the metal strands have been manufactured, all the widening elements are taken out, so the metal strands can be formed with the same widening twist as the number of widening elements.

The invention also proposes that the metal strand is reinforced by at least one widened twist by pressing, hammering, compacting and / or machining by means of a flat mallet. This can advantageously achieve the purpose of a particularly rigid grid structure. In particular, it is possible to reinforce the widened twist of the metal strand before and / or after the transverse element has been shot into it by pressing, hammering and / or pressing. In particular, by processing a flat mallet, the metal stranded wire system having the widened twist pitch can achieve a particularly uniform shape of the widened twist pitch of the metal stranded wire.

With a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a grid structure and / or a manufacturing method for implementing the grid structure, it is possible to achieve better cost-efficiency in manufacturing the grid structure and / or manufacturing a loadable grid structure Favorable characteristics.

Generally the connections described herein between the elements of the grid structure and the resulting geometry should be considered to be arbitrarily applicable to other elements of the grid structure. For example, the transverse elements and / or edge elements may be connected and / or arranged and / or shaped similar to and / or opposite to the longitudinal elements.

The grid structure according to the present invention or the method according to the present invention should not be limited to the applications and embodiments described above. In particular, the grid structure according to the present invention or the method according to the present invention for performing the functions described herein may have a plurality of individual elements and / or parts and / or units and / or units that deviate from those mentioned herein and / Or the number of method steps. In particular, the method according to the invention may include special method steps in which at least one of the above-mentioned features of the grid structure according to the invention is achieved and / or added and / or performed, in particular through a suitable manufacturing method or Appropriate manufacturing steps to achieve.

Further advantages can be obtained from the following description of the drawings. Three embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. The drawings, the description, and the scope of the patent application contain numerous features in combination. Those skilled in the art will consider these features individually and integrate them into meaningful further combinations.

FIG. 1 is a top view of the grid structure 10a. FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a part of the structure of the grid structure 10a. FIG. 3 is a side view of the grid structure 10a. The grid structure 10a has at least one longitudinal element 12a. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the grid structure 10a has a plurality of parallel longitudinal elements 12a, 14a. For clarity, not all of these longitudinal elements are provided with element symbols. The longitudinal elements 12a, 14a are arranged at equal intervals, but other arrangements are not excluded. In addition, the grid structure 10a has at least one, according to an embodiment of the present invention, two edge elements 16a, 18a extending at right angles to the longitudinal elements 12a, 14a. In order to fix the longitudinal element 12a to the edge element 16a, the longitudinal element 12a is wound in a fixed area 26a of the edge element 16a around the edge element 16a several times. The longitudinal element 12a forms a tightly wound portion 54a in the fixing region 26a of the edge element 16a. According to the embodiment of the present invention, in particular, the laterally extending edge elements 16a, 18a have fixing regions 26a provided to all the longitudinal elements 12a, 14a, wherein each longitudinal element 12a, 14a is respectively connected to a corresponding setting , Especially the edge elements 16a, 18a extending parallel to each other.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the grid structure 10a is a steel bar structure. The grid structure 10a can be used as, for example, a reinforcement, a protective grid, a cover, a slope, a building envelope, a fence element, and the like. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the grid structure 10a has no welding place. The grid structure 10a is made of high-strength steel. In addition, the grid structure 10a is hot-dip galvanized. The grid structure 10 has a shape that has been wound and inserted between its individual components, especially a shape-matching and / or friction-type connection.

The grid structure 10a has at least one other edge element 20a extending at a right angle to the edge element 16a. According to an embodiment of the invention, the grid structure 10a has two further edge elements 20a, 22a extending parallel to the longitudinal element 12a. The edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a each form part of a grid edge 24a. The edge elements 16a, 18a form the upper and lower edges of the grid structure 10a, and the other edge elements 20a, 22a form the side edges of the grid structure 10a. The edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a together form a grid edge 24a.

Furthermore, the grid structure 10a has at least one transverse element 38a, 44a which intersects the longitudinal element 12a in at least one intersection region 40a. According to an embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal element 12a and the transverse element 38a intersect at least substantially perpendicularly. The grid structure 10a has a plurality of transverse elements 38a, 44a extending in parallel, and for clarity, not all of these transverse elements have element symbols. The transverse elements 38a, 44a are arranged equidistantly. The transverse elements 38a of the grid structures 10a are at least substantially the same according to an embodiment of the present invention. However, as described above, it is also possible that one grid structure includes different lateral elements.

In order to achieve the purpose of fixing the lateral element 38a to the other edge element 20a, the lateral element 38a is wound around the other edge element 20a several times in a fixed area 42a of the other edge element 20a. The transverse element 38a forms a tightly wound portion 52a in the fixing region 42a of the other edge element 20a. The lateral element 38a is connected to the corresponding lateral edge elements 20a, 22a of the grid structure 10a.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal element 12a is a metal stranded wire 198a. The longitudinal element 12a includes two metal wires 48a, 50a twisted together. These metal wires 48a and 50a are formed as high-strength steel wires. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the tensile strength of the metal wires 48a and 50a is about 1770 N / mm ² , but this value is only understood as an example. The metal wires 48a and 50a are circular metal wires. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the metal wires 48a, 50a have a diameter of about 2 mm, and it goes without saying that other, especially, substantially larger or smaller diameters are also possible. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal elements 12a, 14a of the grid structure 10a are at least substantially the same as each other. These metal wires 48a and 50a are wound in the winding part 54a side by side. However, it is also conceivable that individual metal wires of a strand of metal wire are wound independently of one another around an edge element, for example, in opposite directions. As mentioned above, it is also conceivable that a longitudinal element may be a bar, a single wire, a profile, a pipe body, etc. and / or have a plurality of different metal wires, especially a composite wire, a flat wire, an oval wire, and the like.

The transverse element 38a is a single line. The transverse element 38a is also a high-strength steel wire. According to an embodiment of the invention, the transverse element 38a has a diameter of about 3 mm. However, as mentioned above, it is also conceivable that the transverse element 38a may also be a bar, a pipe body, a metal strand, a profile, and the like.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, and 22a are single wires. The edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a are formed as circular metal wires. The edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a have a diameter of approximately 4 mm, although other diameters are of course conceivable. The edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a are formed of high-strength steel wires. However, as mentioned above, it is also conceivable that single or all edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a are formed as metal strands, tubes, profiles, rods, and the like. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a are at least substantially the same. However, the lateral and longitudinal edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a may differ depending on the geometry and / or conditions of use, such as with regard to length and / or diameter and / or material conditions and / or structure.

The transverse element 38a passes through the longitudinal element 12a in a crossing region 40a. The metal wires 48a, 50a of the longitudinal element 12a sandwich the transverse element 38a in the intersection region 40a. The longitudinal element 12a and the transverse element 38a are frictionally connected to each other in the intersection region 40a. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that a longitudinal element and a transverse element are twisted together and / or wound and / or knotted together in a cross-over area.

The longitudinal elements 12a, 14a and the transverse elements 38a, 44a together form a grid 46a of the grid structure 10a. The edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a surround the grid 46a. The longitudinal elements 12a, 14a, the transverse elements 38a, 44a and the edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a are connected to each other in particular without welding by twisting, inserting and / or winding. The grid 46a is defined by the grid edge 24a. The grid structure 10a has no material connection points and / or intersections and / or edge connection points.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the square grid structure 10a has a size of 60 × 60 cm ² , especially a square mesh. The grid structure 10a also has a length of about 3 m. In addition, the grid structure 10a has a width of about 3 m. In addition, the grid structure 10a is at least substantially flat. Specifically, the longitudinal elements 12a, 14 of the grid structure 10a, the transverse elements 38a, 44a and the edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a are performed on a common plane and / or parallel to a common plane extend. However, it is also conceivable that the edge element is a square grid structure having a corresponding curvature to produce a curvature. In addition, it is conceivable that the square grid structure has completely different sizes. Therefore, the square grid structure may be elongated, circular, oval, or other shapes. Furthermore, the grid structure may have any other area, such as a smaller or larger area that is 2 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 50 times, or 100 times smaller than the area exemplarily shown here.

The edge element 16a is wound several times around the other edge element 20a in one edge connection region 30a of the other edge element 20a. The edge element 16a and the other edge element 20a are connected to each other by being wound around each other. The edge element 16a-wrapped portion 34a surrounding the other edge element 20a has a different number of threads than the edge element 16a-wrapped portion 36a surrounding the edge element 16a. The mutual winding of the edge element 16a and the other edge element 20a prevents the edge elements 16a, 20a from being twisted relative to each other. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a are respectively connected in pairs by being wound around each other. It is therefore possible to provide a shape-stabilized grid edge 24a. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the edge elements 16a, 20a have a constant cross section in the edge connection region 30a.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the fixing region 26a of the edge element 16a and the longitudinal element 12a connected to the edge element 16a. The edge element 16a has at least one flat portion 28a in the fixing region 26a. The edge element 16a is flattened and compressed in the region of the flat portion 28a. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the edge element 16 is flatly compressed on the opposite side. The flat portion 28a is formed as a double-sided flat portion. But it can also be a single flat part. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the flat portion 28a has a radius, in particular a surface curvature radius of the flat portion 28a between 2 cm and 8 cm, but it may also be a larger or smaller radius. In particular, due to the double-sided structure design of the flat portion 28a, the function of the elastic composite material in the fixed area 26a can be achieved, and the purpose of high friction between the edge member 16a and the longitudinal member 12a can be achieved. The longitudinal element 12a is tightly wound around the flat portion 28a. The longitudinal element 12a is non-rotatably connected to the edge element 16a. The winding portion 54a surrounding the flat portion 28a prevents twisting of the longitudinal element 12a around the edge element 16a. In addition, the winding portion 54a can advantageously prevent loosening of the winding portion 54a. The longitudinal element 12a is wound around the flat portion 28a in a matching shape. The winding portion 54a follows the course of the flat portion 28a. The edge element 16a has a longitudinal extension direction 182a. The flat portion 28a has a longitudinally extending portion 172a in the longitudinally extending direction 182a. The flat portion 28a has a center 176a. The center 176a of the flat portion 28a is located at the center of the flat portion 28a with respect to the longitudinal extension 172a of the flat portion 28a. The winding portion 54a has a longitudinally extending portion 174a in a longitudinally extending direction 182a. The winding portion 54a has a center 178a. The center 178a of the winding portion 54a is located at the center of the winding portion 54a with respect to the longitudinal extension 174a of the winding portion 54a. The center 176a of the flat portion 28a and the center 178a of the winding portion 54a have an offset 180a. The offset 180a is larger than 25% of the longitudinally extending portion 172a of the flat portion 28a.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the fixed region 42a of the other edge element 20a and the transverse element 38a connected to the other edge element 20a. The other edge element 20a has a flat portion 60a. The transverse element 38a is tightly wound around the flat portion 60a in the fixing region 42a. The transverse element 38a is non-rotatably connected to the other edge element 20a. Similar to the connection of the longitudinal element 12a to the flat portion 28a of the edge element 16a, the transverse element 38a is connected to the flat portion 60a of the other edge element 20a. The other edge element 20a has a longitudinal extension direction 182a. The flat portion 60a has a longitudinally extending portion 184a in a longitudinally extending direction 182a. The flat portion 60a has a center 186a. The center 186a of the flat portion 60a is located at the center of the flat portion 60a with respect to the longitudinally extending portion 184a of the flat portion 60a. The winding portion 52a has a longitudinally extending portion 188a in a longitudinally extending direction 182a. The winding portion 52a has a center 190a. The center 190a of the winding portion 52a is located at the center of the winding portion 52a with respect to the longitudinally extending portion 188a of the winding portion 52a. The center 186a of the flat portion 60a and the center 190a of the winding portion 52a have an offset 192a. The offset 192a is greater than 20% of the longitudinally extending portion 184a of the flat portion 60a.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another edge connection region 30a 'for the grid structure 10a. The embodiment of the other edge connection region 30a 'can be directly applied to the grid structure 10a, and accordingly, corresponding component symbols similar to those of FIGS. 1 to 5 are selected and deleted. The other edge element 20 a ′ has a flat portion 32 a ′ in the other edge connection region 30 a ′. For example, the other edge element 20a 'is flattened to form the flat portion 32a'. The edge element 16a 'is wound multiple times around the flat portion 32a' of the other edge element 20a '. A winding portion 34a 'of the edge element 16a' is rotatably connected to the flat portion 32a 'of the other edge element 20a'. In addition, the edge element 16 a ′ in the edge connection region 30 a ′ has a flat portion 62 a ′ particularly similar to the flat portion 32 a ′, and the winding portion 36 a ′ of the other edge member 20 a ′ is connected to the flat portion 62 a ′. The flat portions 62a 'are connected. In particular, all edge elements of a grid structure can be connected to each other in this way.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing the grid structure 10a. In a first method step 64a, the edge element 16a is flattened in the fixing area 26a before being wound around the longitudinal element 12a. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the edge element 16a is squeezed and provided with a flat portion 28a. In a second method step 66a, in order to fix the longitudinal element 12a to the edge element 16a, the longitudinal element 12a in the fixing region 26a of the edge element 16a is wound around the edge element 16a several times. According to an embodiment of the invention, all longitudinal elements 12a, 14a are connected to the upper and lower edge elements 16a, 18a in a similar manner. Furthermore, the transverse elements 38a, 44a are connected to the side edge elements 20a, 22a in a similar manner. In addition, the method of manufacturing the grid structure 10a includes corresponding method steps for manufacturing the intersection regions 40a of the vertical elements 12a, 14a and the horizontal elements 38a, 44a, and for the edge elements 16a. , 18a, 20a, 22a are connected together. In a further method step 212a, the longitudinal elements 12a, 14a forming the winding portion 54a and the transverse elements 38a, 44a forming the winding portion 52a are flattened to the fixed regions 26a, 42a. In an additional method step 214a, the edge connection regions 30a tied to the edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a flatten an edge element 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a forming the windings 34a, 36a.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing the vertical elements 12a, 14a. In method step 216a, two at least substantially identical metal wires 48a, 50a are selected. In at least one further method step 218a, the metal wires 48a, 50a are twisted together with a specific twist pitch 226a. By twisting, the metal wires 48a, 50a form a metal twisted wire 198a. In at least one further method step 220a, the widening element 202a (see Fig. 9) is placed in an undistorted area between the two metal wires 48a, 50a before further twisting. In at least one further method step 222a, the metal wires 48a, 50a are further twisted together. At this time, the widening element 202a is embedded in the metal stranded wire 198a. The widening element 202 can widen the twist lines 200a of the metal strands 198a. In at least one of the upper method steps 228a, the twists 200a of the metal strands 198a are enlarged at a specific distance. The widened twist lines 200a are preferably set at an equal distance. In at least one further method step 224a, the widening elements 202a are removed from the metal strands 198a. After removing the widening elements 202a, the channels in the metal strands 198a are reserved for receiving the transverse elements 38a, 44a. In at least one further method step 230a, the metal stranded wire 198a having the widened twists 200a is hardened by stamping, hammering, compacting and / or machining by means of a flat mallet. In the production of the grid structure 10a, the transverse elements 38a, 44a are injected into the channel formed by the widening twist 200a in at least one further method step.

Fig. 9 shows the steps of a method for manufacturing the longitudinal elements 12a, 14a. In the method steps shown, two metal wires 48, 50 are twisted together. During the twisting process, the widening element 202a is clamped at a fixed distance between the metal wires 48a, 50a to form a widening twist 200a. The widening element 202a is a short tubular metal pin. The widening element 202a has a diameter comparable to that of a transverse element 38a, 44a, in particular greater than 10%, preferably greater than 25%, and most preferably greater than 40% in diameter.

FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of a manufacturing apparatus 68a for manufacturing the grid structure 10a. The manufacturing device 68a is intended to perform a method for manufacturing the grid structure 10a. The manufacturing device 68a operates in the production direction 110a. In the following, for the sake of clarity, repeated occurrences of components, components, functional components, etc. of the manufacturing device 68a are no longer individually marked with component symbols.

This manufacturing device 68a has a plurality of reels 70a with raw materials for the longitudinal elements 12a, 14a. In addition, the manufacturing device 68a has at least one reel 72a with a raw material for the transverse elements 38a, 44a. In addition, the manufacturing device 68a has a reel corresponding to a raw material for the edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a, and for example, a reel 74a having a raw material for the upper edge element 16a and the lower edge element 18a. According to the structure of the grid structure 10a, the raw materials are metal stranded wires and single wires. However, depending on the nature of the grid structure, its contours, bars, tubes, etc. can be used as raw materials in a similar or corresponding manner.

The blanks 78a of the longitudinal elements 12a, 14a are guided in parallel. In a first processing region 76a, a blank 80a for a transverse element 38a, 44a is injected on each side. In a second processing region 82a, a corresponding blank 84a for the upper or lower edge element 16a, 18a is injected laterally.

In a third processing region 86a, the further, in particular, side edge elements 20a, 22a are flattened to produce corresponding flat portions to which the transverse elements 38a, 44a can be connected.

In a fourth and a fifth processing region 88a, 94a, the respective one of the edge elements 16a, 18a is wound on the respective other edge element 20a, 22a so as to produce a mutually wound portion.

In a sixth and seventh processing area 90a, 92a, the transverse elements 38a, 44a are respectively wound on the respective other edge elements 20a, 22a, whereby, as described above, adjacent rolls in opposite directions are produced. Around the department.

FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a winding unit 128a of the manufacturing apparatus 68a. The winding unit 128a is arranged in the sixth processing region 90a. In particular, the manufacturing apparatus 68a includes four similarly configured winding units 128a, which are arranged on opposite sides in the sixth processing region 90a and the seventh processing region 92a. In addition, the manufacturing device 68a includes several other winding units to manufacture all the winding portions 34a, 36a, 52a, 54a, 56a, 58a of the grid structure 10a. Hereinafter, the operation of the winding unit 128a will be described. The other windings of the grid structure 10a are produced in a partially similar and / or partially fitted manner. In principle, the shown characteristics of the winding unit 128a can be transferred to other winding units, in particular the windings of the respective processed areas 88a, 90a, 92a, 94a, 102a, 104a, 106a, 108a where the windings are manufactured unit.

The winding unit 128a is provided to wind the edge element 22a by a lateral element 130a to fix it to the edge element 22a. After the lateral element 130a is fixed to the edge element 22a, it is advanced in the production direction 110, and the next lateral element 132a is fastened to the edge element 22a. The edge element 22a is initially formed as a ring-shaped blank and is subsequently trimmed according to the dimensions of the grid structure 10a, in particular an eighth processing area 96a.

The winding unit 128a has a guide element 134a which guides the longitudinal element 22a in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, the winding unit 128a has a movably mounted fixing element 136a, which fixes the transverse element 130a during winding. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the fixing element 136a presses the transverse element 130a into a fixing guide 138a. For fixing purposes, the fixing element 136a and the fixing guide 138a are movable toward each other. For feeding purposes, the fixing element 136a and the fixing guide 138a can be moved away from each other.

The winding unit 128a has a bending element 140a configured to bend a protruding portion 142a of the lateral element 130a around the edge element 22a. The further transverse element 132a also has a protrusion 144a which has not yet been bent. The bending element 140a is mounted circumferentially partially around the edge element 22a. Before the next feeding, the bending element 140a is pivoted to the initial position, and then pivoted about the edge element 22a, so that the next protrusion 144a is bent around the edge element 22a. The winding unit 128a has a further fixing element 146a, which is provided for lateral fixing of the transverse element 130a. The additional fixing element 146a is movably mounted. The further fixing element 146a can be pivoted about a rotation axis perpendicular to a grid plane, in particular to release the transverse element 130a for feeding.

The winding unit 128a has an additional bending element 148a which is provided for the lateral bending of the projection 142a after the first bending around the edge element 22a. The further bending element 148a bends the protruding portion 142a in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the edge element 22a. The projection 142a is fixed in the fixing region 150a by the further fixing element 146a. The protrusion 142a or the transverse element 130a is first fixed by the fixing element 136a and the other fixing element 146a. Subsequently, the protruding portion 142a is bent around the edge element 22a through the bending element 140a. Then, the protruding portion 142a is bent laterally through the additional bending element 148a.

The winding unit 128a has a winder 152a which is provided to surround the protruding portion 142a a plurality of times around the edge element 22a. The winder 152a surrounds the edge elements 20a, 22a of the grid structure 10a to manufacture the winding portions 52a, 58a of the transverse elements 38a, 44a, 130a, 132a of the grid structure 10a. The winder 152a is pivotally mounted laterally on the edge member 22a and the curved protrusion 142a. The pivot axis of the winder 152a is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the edge element 22a. This winder 152a has a winding element 154a which is pivotably mounted. The winding element 154a has a receiving area 156a for the edge element 22a and the protrusion 142a. The accommodating area 156a is U-shaped. For the winding to proceed, the further bending element 148a is first pivoted back to the initial position. In addition, the further fixing element 146a is pivoted back to the initial position. Therefore, the winder 152a can approach the protrusion 142a. In addition, the accommodating area 156a is pivoted on the edge member 22a and the protrusion 142a. The winding element 154a is then rotated to allow the protrusion 142a to surround the edge element 22a multiple times. After the protrusion 142a is made many times around the edge member 22a, the winder 152a is pivoted back to the initial position.

In the eighth processing area 96a, trimming is performed according to the size of the grid structure 10a, and advancement of the pre-structure 98a of the trimmed grid structure 10a is performed.

In the ninth processing region 99a, the pre-structure 98a is rotated by 90 °. In the current situation, the pre-structure 98 is raised, rotated and lowered onto the transport path.

In the tenth processing area 100a, the upper / lower edge elements 16a, 18a are pressed to produce a corresponding flat portion 28a.

In the eleventh processing region 102a and the twelfth processing region 108a, the side edge elements 20a, 22a are wound around the upper and lower edge elements 16a, 18a to produce a second portion that is wound around each other.

In the thirteenth and fourteenth processing areas 104a, 106a, the longitudinal elements 12a, 14a are wound around the respective edge elements 16a, 18a. All connection points of the grid structure 10a are completed after passing through the fourteenth processing area 106a. The finished grid structure 10a is then stacked and subsequently coated. However, the blanks used for the longitudinal elements 12a, 14a, the transverse elements 38a, 44a and the edge elements 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a may advantageously be correspondingly coated and / or surface treated in advance. Because the connection method without welding and / or fusion welding, the corresponding coating and surface will not be damaged during the manufacture of the grid structure, so especially high corrosion resistance, especially the high corrosion resistance of the connection point can be achieve.

If necessary, further processing regions are provided at suitable locations, wherein the edge elements are provided, for example, by pressing flat portions for the edge connection region.

FIG. 12 is a top view of an alternative manufacturing device 68a 'for manufacturing the grid structure 10a. This alternative manufacturing device 68a 'is substantially similar to the manufacturing device 68a, so corresponding component symbols are marked with the same symbols or deleted. In the alternative manufacturing device 68a ', the further processing of the pre-structure 98a' is performed after the lateral connection of the pre-structure 98a 'is completed, in another production direction 112a' which is rotated 90 ° relative to the initial production direction 110a ' get on.

13 to 22 are six alternative embodiments of the present invention. The following description and drawings are basically limited by the differences between the embodiments. Regarding elements that are labeled as the same, especially about elements with the same element reference, in principle, also refer to the description of the drawings and / or other embodiments. Refer to Figure 1 to Figure 12. In order to distinguish different embodiments, the letter a is added to the component symbols of the embodiments in FIGS. 1 to 12. In the embodiments of FIGS. 13 to 22, the letter a is replaced by the letters b to g.

FIG. 13 is a top view of the first alternative grid structure 10b. The first alternative grid structure 10b has at least one longitudinal element 12b and at least one edge element 16b, which extends at right angles to the longitudinal element 12b, the edge element 16b being part of the grid edge 24b . In order to fix the longitudinal element 12b on the edge element 16b, the longitudinal element 12b is wound in a fixed area 26b of the edge element 16b around the edge element 16b several times. The longitudinal element 12b is a metal stranded wire. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first alternative grid structure 10b has a plurality of longitudinal elements 12b, 14b that are parallel and evenly spaced.

The first alternative grid structure 10b has a plurality of transverse elements 38b, 44b. For clarity, not all of these transverse elements are provided with element symbols. The transverse elements 38b, 44b are metal stranded wires. The longitudinal elements 12b, 14b and the transverse elements 38b, 44b are at least substantially the same as each other. The transverse elements 38b, 44b pass through the longitudinal elements 12b, 14b in the intersection regions 40b, 114b.

The edge element 16b is a single line. According to the embodiment of the present invention, all the edge elements 16b of the first alternative grid structure 10b are single lines. The edge elements 16b have corresponding flat portions 28b, 60b in the fixing areas 26b, 42b for the longitudinal elements 12b, 14b and the transverse elements 38b, 44b, respectively. The longitudinal elements 12b, 14b and the transverse elements 38b, 44b are respectively It is tightly wound around the flat portions 28b, 60b, so that the purpose of anti-twist connection can be achieved in particular.

FIG. 14 is a top view of the second alternative grid structure 10c. The second alternative grid structure 10c has edge elements 16c, 18c, 20c, 22c, and longitudinal elements 12c, 14c and transverse elements 38c, 44c. The longitudinal elements 12c, 14c and transverse elements 38c, 44c surround the edges. The elements 16c, 18c, 20c, 22c are wound to be fixed to the edge elements 16c, 18c, 20c, 22c. The second alternative grid structure 10c has no material-type connection points.

The edge elements 16c, 18c, 20c, and 22c form a rectangular, particularly square, grid edge 24c. The longitudinal elements 12c and 14c extend vertically with respect to the upper and lower edge elements 16c, 18c, 20c, and 22c of the grid structure 10c. The longitudinal elements 12c, 14c are connected to the upper and lower edge elements 16c, 18c. The longitudinal elements 12c, 14c extend parallel to each other. The lateral elements 38c, 44c extend obliquely with respect to the lateral edge elements 20c, 22c of the second alternative grid structure 10c. The transverse elements 38c, 44c are connected to the lateral edge elements 20c, 22c. The longitudinal elements 12c, 14c and the transverse elements 38c, 44c form a parallelogram, especially a rhombic grid. Alternatively, the longitudinal elements may be arranged obliquely with respect to the upper and lower edge elements. It is also possible that both the longitudinal elements and the sealing transverse elements are arranged obliquely with respect to the edge elements to which they are fixedly connected. For example, diamond-shaped meshes can be manufactured in this way, the tips of which each point to an edge element, respectively.

FIG. 15 is a top view of the third alternative grid structure 10d. The third alternative grid structure 10d has edge elements 16d, 18d, 20d, 22d, 120d, 122d. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the edge elements 16d, 18d, 20d, 22d, 120d, and 122d form a hexagonal grid edge 24d. The grid structure 10d has longitudinal elements 12d, 14d, transverse members 38d, 44d, and other transverse elements 124d, 126d, each of which is perpendicular to two relatively parallel edge elements 16d, 18d, 20d, 22d, 120d 122d, and these edge elements are wound multiple times for fixing. Each of the longitudinal elements 12d, 14d, the transverse members 38d, 44d and the other transverse members 124d, 126d extends through the common crossing area 40d, each of the longitudinal elements 12d, the transverse elements 38d, and the other transverse elements 124d Intersect at these intersections. The third alternative grid structure 10d has a plurality of triangular meshes. According to an embodiment of the invention, the meshes are particularly equilateral triangles.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed region 26e of an edge element 16e of a grid structure 10e and a longitudinal element 12e connected to the edge element 16e. The edge element 16e has at least one flat portion 28e in the fixing region 26e. This edge element 16e is flattened in the area of the flat portion 28e. The longitudinal element 12e is tightly wound around the flat portion 28e. The longitudinal element 12e is tied to a fixed area of the edge element 16e to form a tightly wound portion 54a. This longitudinal member 12e is connected to the edge element 16e in a rotationally fixed manner. The winding portion 54e surrounding the periphery of the flat portion 28e can prevent the longitudinal element 12e from twisting around the edge element 16e. The longitudinal element 12e forms a winding element 158e in the connection region 26e. The longitudinal element 12e is repeatedly wound around the edge element 16e. The winding element 158e is flattened. The winding element 158e has a cross section in the fixing region 26e, which is substantially different from the cross section of the longitudinal element 12e constituting the winding element 158e. The cross section of the winding element 158e, and in particular the single wire cross section of the longitudinal element 12e, is at least substantially oval. The cross-section of the longitudinal element 12e constituting the winding element 158e, in particular the single-line cross-section of the longitudinal member 12e, is at least substantially circular outside the fixed area 26e. The additional flattening of the longitudinal element 12e constituting the winding element 158e may be advantageous to prevent the winding portion 54e from being loosened.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed area 42e of another edge element 20e of the grid structure 10e and a lateral element 38e connected to the other edge element 20e. The other edge element 20e shows a lattice structure and a transverse element 38e connected to the other in a schematic cross-sectional illustration. The other edge element 20e has a flat portion 60e. The cross member 38e is tightly wound around the flat portion 60e in the fixing area 42e. The transverse element 38e forms a tightly wound portion 52e in the fixing region 42e of the other edge element 20e. The transverse element 38e is rotatably connected to the other edge element 20e. In the fixed region 42e, the cross member 38e forms a winding element 204e. The winding element 204e of the transverse element 38e repeatedly winds the other edge element 20e. The winding element 204e is flattened. The winding element 204e has a cross section in the fixing region 42e that is substantially different from the cross section of the transverse element 38e constituting the winding element 204e. The cross-section of the winding element 204e is at least substantially oval. The cross-section of the transverse element 38e constituting the winding element 204e is substantially circular outside the fixed area 42e. The additional flattening of the transverse element 38e constituting the winding element 204e can be beneficial to prevent the winding portion 52e from being loosened.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of another alternative edge connection region 30e 'for the grid structure 10e. The design of the alternative edge connection region 30e 'can be directly applied to the grid structure 10e. This edge element 16e 'is wound several times around the other edge element 20e'. The other edge element 20e 'is wound around the edge element 16e' several times. In the edge connection region 30e ', another winding element 206e', 208e 'is formed to wind the edge element 16e' and the edge element 20e '. The winding element 206e 'of the edge element 16e' is wound around the other edge element 20e 'multiple times. The winding element 206e 'of the edge member 16e' is flattened. The winding elements 206e ', 208e' in the edge connection region 30e 'have a cross section that is substantially different from the cross section of the winding element 206e', 208e 'surrounding the other edge element 16e', 20e '. Cross section. The cross-sections of the winding elements 206e ', 208e' are at least substantially oval. The cross-sections of the edge elements 16e ', 20e' constituting the winding elements 206e ', 208e' are substantially circular outside the edge connection region 30e '. The winding element 208e 'of the other edge element 20e' repeatedly winds the edge element 16e '. The winding element 208e 'of the other edge element 20e' is flattened.

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed area 26f of another alternative edge connection element 16f for one grid structure 10f and another alternative longitudinal element 12f connected to the replacement edge connection element 16f. The longitudinal element 12f is formed in the fixed region 26f of the edge element 16f to form a tightly wound portion 54f. The longitudinal member 12f is tied in the fixed area 26f as a winding element 158f. The winding element 158f of the longitudinal element 12f is wound around the edge element 16f multiple times. The winding element 158f of the longitudinal element 12f forms a braking element 162f. The braking element 162f is provided to act on the winding element 158f and / or the grid structure 10f by loosening at least a part of a winding portion 54f of the winding element 158f of the longitudinal element 12f. The purpose of slowing down an acceleration. Loosening of the braking element 162f of the longitudinal member 12f will cause irreversible deformation of the winding element 158f of the longitudinal member 12f. The winding element which is wound around the braking member 162f of the longitudinal element 12f has no flat portion and is not flattened. Since there is no flat portion or flattened, the loosening action of the braking element of the longitudinal element 12f can be cushioned.

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed area 42f of another alternative edge element 20f and another alternative transverse element 38f connected to the other alternative edge element 20f. The transverse element 38f forms a tightly wound portion 52f in the fixing region 42f of the other edge element 20f. The transverse element 38f is a winding element 204f in the fixed area 42f. The winding element 204f of the transverse element 38f is wound around the other edge element 20f multiple times. The winding element 204f of the transverse element 38f forms another braking element 210f. The setting function of the braking element 210f is to achieve the effect on the winding element 204f and / or the grid structure 10f by loosening at least a part of a winding portion 52f of the winding element 204f of the lateral element 38f. The purpose of slowing down an acceleration. Loosening of the braking element 210f of the transverse element 38f will cause irreversible deformation of the winding element 204f of the transverse element 38f. The winding element on the braking element 210f passing through the transverse element 38f has no flat portion and is not flattened. Since there is no flat portion or flattened, the loosening action of the braking element 210f of the lateral element 38f can be cushioned.

Fig. 21 is a side view of another alternative longitudinal elements 12g, 168g and edge elements 16g, 194g of the grid structure 10g. The longitudinal element 12g partially forms a closed loop 164g. The edge element 16g partially forms a closed loop 164g. The longitudinal element 12g is partially formed integrally with the edge element 16g. The longitudinal element 12g has a winding portion 54g at one end. The longitudinal element 12g is wound several times around the edge element 16g in the area of the winding portion 54g. The winding portion 54g closes the closed loop 164g of the longitudinal element 12g to one side. Another longitudinal element 168g partially forms another closed loop 166g. The other edge element 194g partially forms another closed loop 166g. The other longitudinal element 168g is partially integrally formed with the other edge element 194g. The other longitudinal element 168g forms a winding portion 160g at one end. The other longitudinal element 168g is wound around the other edge element 194g multiple times in the region of the winding portion 160g. The winding portion 160g closes the closed ring 166g of the other longitudinal element 168g to one side. The closed loop 164g of the longitudinal element 12g is snapped into the other closed loop 166g of the other longitudinal element 168g. Through the closed loops 164g, 166g of these longitudinal members 12g, 168g, the longitudinal elements 12g, 168g, especially together with other longitudinal elements, can form a grid structure 10g. The edge elements 16g and 194g have a flat portion 28g (indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 21) in the region of the winding portions 54g and 160g. The winding portion 54g of the longitudinal element 12g is flattened (see FIG. 14). The winding portion 160g of the other longitudinal element 168g may also be at least partially flattened and / or flattened. This can effectively achieve the purpose of these closed rings 164g, 166g has a particularly high stability.

Fig. 22 shows that the further alternative longitudinal element 12g has an external fixing element 170g. The external fixing element 170g is a wall hook. The external fixing member 170g is fixed to a wall 196g. The closed ring 164g of the longitudinal member 12g and the external fixing element 170g are fastened to each other. By buckling with each other, the longitudinal element 12g can be fixed to the wall 196g without fear of loss.

10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10f, 10g‧‧‧Grid structure

12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e, 12f, 12g

14a, 14b, 14c, 14d

16a, 16a ', 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16e', 16f, 16g

18a, 18c, 18d ‧‧‧ edge elements

20a, 20a ', 20c, 20d, 20e, 20e', 20f‧‧‧Edge elements

22a, 22c, 22d

24a, 24b, 24c, 24d

26a, 26b, 26e, 26f

28a, 28b, 28e, 28g‧‧‧ flat

30a, 30a ', 30e'‧‧‧Edge connection area

32a'‧‧‧ flat

34a, 34a ', 36a, 36a'‧‧‧ Winding section

38a, 38b, 38c, 38d, 38e, 38f

40a, 40b, 40d

42a, 42b, 42e, 42f

44a, 44b, 44c, 44d

46a‧‧‧Grid

48a, 50a‧‧‧ metal wire

52a, 52e, 52f, 54a, 54e, 54f, 54g, 58a

60a, 60b, 60e, 62a'‧‧‧ flat

64a‧‧‧First method steps

66a‧‧‧Second method steps

68a, 68a'‧‧‧ manufacturing equipment

70a, 72a, 74a‧‧‧Scrolls

76a‧‧‧First treatment area

78a, 80a‧‧‧ embryo

82a‧‧‧Second processing area

84a‧‧‧ embryo

86a‧‧‧Third processing area

88a‧‧‧Fourth treatment area

90a‧‧‧Sixth processing area

92a‧‧‧Seventh processing area

94a‧‧‧Fifth processing area

96a‧‧‧ Eighth processing area

98a, 98a'‧‧‧ pre-structure

99a‧‧‧9th processing area

100a‧‧‧Tenth processing area

102a‧‧‧ Eleventh processing area

104a‧‧‧Thirteenth processing area

106a‧‧‧Fourteenth processing area

108a‧‧‧Twelfth processing area

110a, 110a ', 112a‧‧‧ Production direction'

114b‧‧‧Intersection

120d, 122d‧‧‧Edge Element

124d, 126d‧‧‧transverse element

128a‧‧‧ Winding unit

130a, 132a‧‧‧transverse element

134a‧‧‧Guiding elements

136a‧‧‧Fixed element

138a‧‧‧Fixed guide

140a‧‧‧bending element

142a, 144a ‧‧‧ protrusion

146a‧‧‧Fixed element

148a‧‧‧bending element

150a‧‧‧fixed area

152a‧‧‧ Winder

154a‧‧‧winding element

156a‧‧‧accommodation area

158e, 158f‧‧‧‧winding element

160g‧‧‧winding section

162f‧‧‧brake element

164g, 166g‧‧‧ closed ring

168g‧‧‧Vertical element

170g‧‧‧External fixing element

172a, 174a‧‧‧longitudinal extension

176a, 178a‧‧‧ Center

180a‧‧‧offset

182a‧‧‧longitudinal extension direction

184a‧‧‧longitudinal extension

186a‧‧‧Center

188a‧‧‧longitudinal extension

190a‧‧‧Center

192a‧‧‧offset

194g‧‧‧Edge element

196g‧‧‧wall

198a‧‧‧metal stranded wire

200a‧‧‧Twisted

202a‧‧‧widening element

204e, 204f, 206e ', 208e'‧‧‧ Winding elements

210f‧‧‧brake element

212a, 214a, 216a, 218a, 220a, 222a, 224a‧‧‧Method steps

226a‧‧‧Twist

228a, 230a‧‧‧Method steps

Figure 1 is a top view of the grid structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the grid structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is a side view of the grid structure of the present invention; Figure 4 is an edge of the invention A cross-sectional view of a fixed area of an element and a longitudinal element connected to the edge element; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed area of another edge element of the present invention and a lateral element connected to the other edge element; FIG. 6 Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a grid structure according to the present invention; Fig. 8 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a vertical element according to the present invention; Fig. 9 is a method according to the present invention; Figure 10 is a schematic view of the steps of a method for manufacturing a longitudinal element; Figure 10 is a top view of a manufacturing device for manufacturing a grid structure of the present invention; Figure 11 is a schematic perspective view of a winding unit of the manufacturing device of the present invention; A top view of another manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the grid structure of the present invention; FIG. 13 is a top view of the first alternative grid structure of the present invention; FIG. 14 is a second alternative grid of the present invention Fig. 15 is a top view of a third alternative grid structure of the present invention; Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed area of an edge element and an alternative longitudinal element connected to the edge element of the present invention; FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed region of another edge element of the present invention and an alternative lateral element connected to the other edge element; FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of another alternative edge-fixed region of the present invention; A fixed area of a replacement edge element and a cross-sectional view of another replacement longitudinal element connected to the replacement edge element to form a braking element; FIG. 20 is a fixed area of another alternate edge element of the present invention and a connection with the fixed edge region; Another alternative edge element is connected to form a cross-sectional view of another alternative lateral element of another braking element; FIG. 21 is a view showing many additional alternative longitudinal elements of the present invention and edge elements connected to the additional alternative longitudinal elements. Sectional view; and FIG. 22 is a side view of another alternative longitudinal element of FIG. 19 and an external fixing element.

Claims (23)

A grid structure, particularly a steel mesh structure, having at least one longitudinal element (12a, 14a; 12b, 14b; 12c, 14c; 12d, 14d) and at least one perpendicular or oblique to the longitudinal element (12a , 14a; 12b, 14b; 12c, 14c; 12d, 14d) edge element (16a, 18a; 16b; 16c; 16d), the edge element is composed of single wire, rod, metal stranded wire, pipe body or profile And form part of at least one grid edge (24a; 24b; 24c; 24d), wherein, in order to reach the vertical element (12a, 14a; 12b, 14b; 12c, 14c; 12d, 14d) is fixed to the edge element ( 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a; 16b; 16c; 16d), the longitudinal element is tied to a fixed area (26a; 26b; 26c) of the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a; 16b; 16c; 16d) 26d), winding the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a; 16b; 16c; 16d) multiple times. The grid structure according to claim 1, wherein the edge element (16a) has at least one flat portion (28a) in the fixed area (26a). The grid structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the longitudinal element (12a, 14a) is connected to the edge element (16a) in a twist-resistant manner. The grid structure according to any one of the above claims, wherein the longitudinal element (12a, 14a) is a metal stranded wire (198a). The grid structure according to any one of the above claims, wherein the other edge element (20a) is perpendicular or oblique to the edge element (16a). The grid structure according to claim 5, wherein the edge element (16a) and the edge connection area (30a) of the other edge element (20a) are wound around the other edge element ( 20a). The grid structure according to claim 6, wherein the other edge element (20a) has at least one flat portion (32a) in the edge connection area (30a). The grid structure according to any one of the above claims 5-7, characterized in that the edge element (16a) and the other edge element (20a) are connected to each other through a winding, wherein, A winding portion (36a) of the edge element (16a) surrounding the other edge element (20a) has a winding portion (34a) different from that of the other edge element (20a) surrounding the edge element (16a). ). The grid structure according to any one of the above claims, wherein the at least one horizontal element (38a) intersects the vertical element (12a) in at least one intersection region (40a), particularly perpendicularly. The grid structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the horizontal element (38a) passes through the vertical element (12a) in the intersection region (40a). The grid structure according to any one of the above claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the transverse element (38a) is composed of a single wire, a bar, a pipe body or a profile. The grid structure according to any one of the above claims 5 and 9, wherein the transverse element (38a) is tied to the other edge in order to achieve the purpose of being fixed to the other edge element (20a). The other edge element (20a) is wound multiple times in a fixed area (42a) of the element (20a). The grid structure according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that a plurality of longitudinal elements (12a, 14a) formed by metal stranded wires (198a) and a plurality of stranded wires, rods, and metal strands Horizontal elements (38a, 44a) formed by wires, pipes or profiles, these horizontal elements (38a, 44a) together with the vertical elements (12a, 14a) form a grid (46a), and a plurality of surrounding Edge elements (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a) formed by the grid (46a) and formed by single wires, rods, metal strands, pipes or profiles, among which the longitudinal elements (12a, 14a) The lateral elements (38a, 44a) and the edge elements (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a) are connected to each other by twisting, inserting and / or winding. The grid structure according to any one of the above claims 1, 6, or 9, characterized in that the vertical and / or horizontal element (12e; 14e) in at least one fixed area (26e, 42e); 38e; 44e) and / or an edge element (16e; 18e; 20e; 22e) in at least one edge connection area (30e) at least partially forms a winding element (158e, 204e, 206e), the winding element is Self and / or around a longitudinal, transverse and / or edge element (12e; 14e; 16e; 18e; 20e; 22e; 38e; 44e) multiple windings, wherein at least the winding element (158e, 204e, 206e) The system is at least partially flattened. The grid structure according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that the vertical and / or horizontal element (12e; 14e; 38e; 44e) in at least one fixed area (26e, 42e) and / Or an edge element (16e; 18e; 20e; 22e) in at least one edge connection area (30e) forms at least partially a winding element (158e, 204e, 206e), which is itself and / or surrounds a Longitudinal, transverse and / or edge elements (12f; 14f; 16f; 18f; 20f; 22f; 38f; 44f) are wound multiple times, wherein at least the winding element (158f, 204f, 206f) forms a braking element ( 162f). The grid structure according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that at least one longitudinal element (12g; 14g) at least partially forms a closed loop (164g). The grid structure as described in claim 16 above, wherein the closed loop (164g) is formed at least partially with a vertical element (168g) when forming or fixing the grid structure (10g). The other closed loop (166g), and / or snap into an external fixing element (170g). A method for manufacturing a grid structure (10a), in particular a steel grid structure, in particular a grid structure according to any one of the above claims, which has at least one longitudinal element (12a, 14a) and at least An edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a) perpendicular or oblique to the longitudinal element (12a, 14a), the edge element is composed of a single wire, a bar, a metal strand, a pipe body or a profile, and Forming at least one part of the grid edge (24a), wherein, in order to achieve the purpose of fixing the vertical element (12a, 14a) to the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a), the vertical element is attached to the edge element (16a) , 18a, 20a, 22a), the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a) is wound multiple times in a fixed area (26a). The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a) is at least partially subjected to winding with the longitudinal element (12a, 14a) in the fixed area (26a). To flatten. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that at least one longitudinal element (at least one winding portion (54a) of the at least one winding portion (54a) forming a grid structure (10a) in the fixed area (26a, 42a)) 12a, 14a) and / or at least one transverse element (38a, 36a) forming at least one winding portion (52a), and / or at least one edge connection region (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a) of the edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a) ( In 30a), at least one edge element (16a, 18a, 20a, 22a) forming at least one winding portion (34a, 36a) is at least partially flattened. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that at least two longitudinal elements (12a, 14a) are twisted into a metal strand (198a), wherein at least two of the metal strands (198a) A twist line (200a) is widened especially when twisted. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the metal strand (198a) is made by at least one widened twist (200a), by punching, hammering, compacting and / or by means of a flat mallet. Machined to strengthen its structure. A manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a grid structure (10a) as described in any one of claims 1 to 17 and / or for performing a method as described in any one of claims 18 to 22.