EP2093051B1 - Vitrage commutable renforcé et/ou son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents
Vitrage commutable renforcé et/ou son procédé de fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2093051B1 EP2093051B1 EP09153026.1A EP09153026A EP2093051B1 EP 2093051 B1 EP2093051 B1 EP 2093051B1 EP 09153026 A EP09153026 A EP 09153026A EP 2093051 B1 EP2093051 B1 EP 2093051B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- liquid crystal
- layers
- reflecting
- dielectric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
- C03C17/366—Low-emissivity or solar control coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
- B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
- B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
- B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
- B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
- B32B17/10229—Metallic layers sandwiched by dielectric layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
- B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
- B32B17/10504—Liquid crystal layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3618—Coatings of type glass/inorganic compound/other inorganic layers, at least one layer being metallic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3626—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3639—Multilayers containing at least two functional metal layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3644—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
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- C03C17/3652—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the coating stack containing at least one sacrificial layer to protect the metal from oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/74—UV-absorbing coatings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
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- E06B2009/2417—Light path control; means to control reflection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13756—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal selectively assuming a light-scattering state
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/08—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 light absorbing layer
- G02F2201/086—UV absorbing
Definitions
- Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to ruggedized switchable glazings. More particularly, certain example embodiments relate to liquid crystal inclusive (e.g., PDLC) layers that are protected using, for example, low-E UV-blocking coatings, PVB and/or EVA laminates, and/or PET layers. Certain example embodiments advantageously reduce one or more problems associated with residual haze, color change, flicker, structural changes in the polymer and/or the LC (liquid crystal), degradations in state-switching response times, delamination, etc.
- liquid crystal inclusive e.g., PDLC
- Certain example embodiments advantageously reduce one or more problems associated with residual haze, color change, flicker, structural changes in the polymer and/or the LC (liquid crystal), degradations in state-switching response times, delamination, etc.
- Polymer dispersed liquid crystals typically are made by inducing phase separation in an initially homogeneous mixture of liquid crystal and monomers. Preparation of PDLCs involves a phase separation, which is conventionally triggered by polymerization of the monomer matrix by either UV or thermal curing, or even rapid evaporation of solvents. As the monomer polymerizes, the liquid crystal phase separates into microscopic droplets or domains or pockets surrounded by the walls of the cured polymer matrix, which provides a "backbone” to hold the LC.
- the mixture of cured polymer and LC are held together between two sheets of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), often coated with transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) through which an electric field is applied.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- TCOs transparent conducting oxides
- Fig. 1a is a conventional PDLC glass window 100 in an off state.
- Two glass substrates 102a, 102b are provided.
- a conductive coating 104 is applied to the inner surface of the outer substrate 102a (e.g., surface 2 of the window assembly).
- a plurality of liquid crystal (LC) droplets 108 are disposed within the polymer mixture 106. Because no voltage is provided, the droplets 108 are randomly oriented, and incident light I reflects off of them, causing the scattering of light in the directions shown by the dashed arrows.
- LC liquid crystal
- Fig. 1b is a conventional PDLC glass window 100 in an on state.
- Fig. 1b is similar to Fig. 1a , except that a voltage V is applied to the PDLC layer (e.g., to the conductive coating 104) via one or more bus bars (not shown). The voltage causes the liquid crystal droplets to align parallel to the electric field, allowing incident light I to pass through the window 100 in the clear state.
- the windows may be made to function on a standard voltage and may be connected to switches. Windows also may be connected to timers.
- a example glazing is a liquid-crystal glazing.
- Example 4 refers to such a liquid-crystal glazing. It includes two clear glasses 10, 11, between which are placed sheets of PVB, surrounding two sheets of PET 14, 15 between which is the liquid-crystal system 16.
- a reflecting coating 17 similar to a reflecting coating 5 with two layers of silver.
- the stack 17 is consists of a layer of SnO 2 , a first layer of silver, a layer of SnO 2 , a second layer of silver, a layer of SnO 2 .
- the layer 17 servers at least partially also as an ultraviolet filter.
- Example 6 corresponds to Example 4 but with an additional glass 18 on which the stack 17 is deposited and the gap 19 between glass 18 and glass 11 is filled with argon.
- Document US 48838721A discloses a multi-layer low emissivity thin film coating.
- Fig. 2 shows a first layer 22 consisting of a metal oxide.
- a second layer 24 is preferably silver or a silver base alloy.
- a third layer 26 is a metal layer or for example titanium or stainless steel.
- a fourth layer 28 is also a metal oxide.
- Approximately 50 % of visible solar radiation passes completely through the hole multi-layer. Furthermore, it is an aim of to allow ultraviolet transmission of about 10 to 20 % to secure the survival of plant that need UV radiation for living.
- Fig. 1 shows a certain coating 10 as being applied to the front surface of a substrate 11.
- the coating 10 involves one or more high refractive index layers of an ultra violet (UV) absorbing or blocking material.
- UV ultra violet
- a UV absorbing or blocking material for example zinc oxide, cerium dioxide, titanium oxide etc. can be used as UV blocking materials.
- UV refers to light having a wavelength less than or equal to about 400 nm.
- ⁇ E* sqrt(( ⁇ L*)2+( ⁇ a*)2+( ⁇ b*)2), with L* corresponding to the "lightness" of the color, a* corresponding to the color's position between red and green, and b* corresponding to the color's position between blue and yellow).
- UVA refers to light having a wavelength from about 320 nm to about 400 nm.
- the UV also may degrade and/or fade the colored PVB layers. This susceptibility to degradation and/or fading is true for dye-based PVB, as well as in pigment-based PVB.
- the degradation is exacerbated with temperature increases in the LCs. Because the thermal conductivity of the PVB, PET, and/or LC is low, radiation causes thermal runaways if samples are left exposed to the sun for relatively long periods of time.
- Response time essentially is a function of the sum of the time on and time off (Ton + Toff).
- the response time of the device is just under about 20 ms, which corresponds to a frequency of about 100 Hz. This frequency is well above 25 Hz, which is generally regarded as the frequency at which the human eye can perceive flicker.
- the response time may climb above about 40 ms, which may make flicker noticeable to the human eye.
- Still another set of problems relates to delamination.
- curved laminates with sharp edges are susceptible to delamination in and/or proximate to high-stress hot-spots.
- a window e.g., vehicle windshield, architectural window, or the like
- a window comprising: an inner substrate and an outer substrate, the inner and outer substrates being substantially parallel to one another; a multi-layer low-E ultraviolet (UV) blocking coating supported by an inner surface of the outer substrate, the low-E UV blocking coating blocking significant amounts of UV in the range of from about 380-400 nm; a liquid crystal inclusive layer disposed between at least the inner and outer substrates; first and second substantially transparent conductive layers, the first and second substantially transparent conductive layers being provided between the liquid crystal inclusive layer and the outer and inner substrates, respectively; first and second polymer inclusive laminating layers, the first laminating layer provided between at least the liquid crystal inclusive layer and the outer substrate and the second laminating layer provided between at least the liquid crystal inclusive layer and the inner substrate; at least one bus bar in electrical communication with the first and/or second transparent conductive layer(s) so as to cause the liquid crystal inclusive layer to become activated when a voltage is applied thereto; and
- UV ultraviolet
- a coated article including a low-E coating supported by a substrate, the low-E coating comprising: first and second IR reflecting layers comprising silver and/or gold; at least one UV blocking layer that blocks significant amounts of UV light having a wavelength of from 380-400 nm so that no more than about 20% of light having a wavelength of from 380-400 passes through the low-E coating; and wherein the UV blocking layer is positioned so as to not directly contact the first and second IR reflecting layers.
- This coated article may be used in a window unit or the like in different example embodiments of this invention, and the substrate is based on glass.
- a coated article a is provided.
- An inner substrate and an outer substrate are provided.
- the inner and outer substrates are substantially parallel to one another.
- a multi-layer low-E UV blocking coating is supported by an inner surface of the outer substrate.
- a liquid crystal inclusive layer is disposed between the inner and outer substrates.
- First and second transparent conductive layers are provided.
- the first and second transparent conductive layers are provided between the liquid crystal inclusive layer and the outer and inner substrates, respectively.
- First and second laminate layers are provided. The first laminate layer is for lamination to the outer substrate, and the second laminate layer is for lamination to the inner substrate.
- At least one bus bar is operably connected to the liquid crystal inclusive layer through the first and/or second transparent conductive layer(s) so as to cause the liquid crystal inclusive layer to become activated when a voltage is applied to the at least one bus bar.
- the multi-layer low-E UV blocking coating is arranged so that no more than about 20% of light having a wavelength of about 380-400 nm reaches the liquid crystal inclusive layer.
- the coated article has a visible transmission of from about 55-65% when the liquid crystal inclusive layer is activated.
- an insulating glass unit is provided.
- Three substantially parallel substrates are provided.
- a multi-layer low-E UV blocking coating is supported by a surface of the second substrate facing the third substrate.
- a liquid crystal inclusive layer is disposed between the second and third substrates.
- First and second transparent conductive layers are provided.
- the first and second transparent conductive layers are provided between the liquid crystal inclusive layer and the second and third substrates, respectively.
- First and second laminate layers are provided. The first laminate layer is for lamination to the second substrate and the second laminate layer is for lamination to the third substrate.
- At least one bus bar is operably connected to the liquid crystal inclusive layer through the first and/or second transparent conductive layer(s) so as to cause the liquid crystal inclusive layer to become activated when a voltage is applied to the at least one bus bar.
- the first and second substrates are spaced apart.
- the multi-layer low-E UV blocking coating is arranged so that no more than about 20% of light having a wavelength of about 380-400 nm reaches the liquid crystal inclusive layer.
- the insulating glass unit has a visible transmission of from about 55-65% when the liquid crystal inclusive layer is activated.
- a coated article including a low-E UV blocking coating supported by a substrate is provided.
- the low-E UV blocking coating comprises first and second IR reflecting layers comprising silver and/or gold, and a UV blocking layer that blocks light having a wavelength of about 380-400 nm so that no more than about 20% of such light penetrates the coating.
- the coated article has a visible transmission of at least about 55%.
- an insulating glass (IG) unit including a low-E UV blocking coating supported by a substrate.
- the low-E UV blocking coating comprises first and second IR reflecting layers comprising silver and/or gold, and a UV blocking layer that blocks light having a wavelength of about 380-400 nm so that no more than about 20% of such light penetrates the coating.
- the IG unit has a visible transmission of at least about 55%.
- Certain example embodiments provide PDLC windows using an effective blocking layer as well as a double or triple silver layer so as to reduce the incidence of the PDLC warming and therefore help to solve of one or more of the above-described and/or other problems associated with conventional PDLC techniques.
- the UV blocking layer preferably has at least about 99.5% UV cut-off below 410 nm.
- the UV blocking layer is temperable. Certain example embodiments therefore may advantageously reduce one or more problems associated with residual haze, color change, flicker, structural changes in the polymer and/or the LC, degradations in state-switching response times, delamination, etc.
- Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a window in accordance with a comparative example embodiment.
- two substrates e.g., glass substrates
- a low-E UV blocker 206 is deposited on the inner surface of the outer substrate 202.
- the low-E coating 206 may be, for example, of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,056,588 or 6,887,575 , or Application Serial No. 11/281,598 .
- the low-E coating 206 also may include one or more infrared reflecting (IR) layers in certain example embodiments.
- IR infrared reflecting
- the low-E coating may include one or more UV blocking layers, or a separate UV blocking coating may be applied, e.g., proximate to one or more of the low-E coatings described above. Further details of an example low-E UV blocking layer are provided below, e.g., with reference to Figs. 6 and 7 .
- a first laminate layer 208 comprising a polymer-based material (e.g., PVB and/or EVA) is applied over the low-E UV blocking coating 206 proximate to surface 2 of the window.
- a second laminate layer 208 also comprising a polymer-based material (e.g., PVB and/or EVA) is applied on the inner surface of the inner substrate 204 (on surface 3 of the window).
- the first and second laminate layers 208 may be applied to the respective surfaces, via rolling and cured via an autoclaving process, for example.
- the liquid crystal inclusive (e.g., PDLC) layer 214 is disposed approximately in the center of the cross-sectional stack shown in Fig. 2 .
- Sandwiching the PDLC 214 are first and second TCO layers 212.
- the first and second TCO layers 212 may be of, or include, for example, ZnAlO x , SnO x :F, SnSbO x , or the like, in certain example embodiments.
- the TCO layers may be sputtered onto one or both surfaces of the PDLC 214 and/or the respective surfaces of the first and second polymer-based (e.g., PET) layers 210 that are more proximate to the PDLC 214.
- First and second polymer-based layers 210 are provided between the first and second laminate layers 208 and the first and second TCO layers 212, respectively.
- the first and second polymer-based layers 210, the first and second laminate layers 208, and the low-E UV blocking coating 206 extend at least the width of the PDLC 214 so as to protect it.
- One or more bus bars are provided, e.g., to provide voltage to the PDLC 214, either directly or indirectly.
- two bus bars are respectively connected to the first and second TCO layers 212.
- a groove or channel is cut in each of the first and second laminate layers 208.
- the grooves when viewed in cross section, may be substantially U-shaped, with the first groove being upwardly oriented and the second groove being downwardly oriented.
- the grooves may be disposed at opposing corners of the PDLC stack, e.g., such that the first groove is disposed in the upper left corner of the PDLC stack while the second groove is disposed in the lower right corner of the PDLC stack.
- the foregoing description is provided by way of example and without limitation and that other arrangements may be used in connection with certain other example embodiments (e.g., when only one bus bar is used, when differently shaped channels are formed, etc.).
- Each groove may be formed by laser cutting (e.g., using a CO 2 laser), using a half-cutter, or via any suitable means.
- the groove is filled with a silver paste, and a flat wire ribbon is bonded thereto. Voltage may be provided through this ribbon so as to cause the PDLC 214 to become activated.
- the voltage may be connected to a switch (not shown) in certain example embodiments.
- Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an insulating glass (IG) window unit in accordance with a comparative example embodiment.
- Fig. 3 is similar to Fig. 2 .
- the same liquid crystal inclusive (e.g., PDLC) stack of a low-E UV blocking coating 206, a first laminate layer 208, a first polymer-based (e.g., PET) layer 210, a first TCO layer 212, the PDLC 214, a second TCO layer 212, a second polymer-based (e.g., PET) layer 210, and a second laminate layer 208 are provided between second and third substrates (e.g., glass substrates) 202, 204.
- second and third substrates e.g., glass substrates
- a first substrate 302 (e.g., glass substrate) is located proximate to the second substrate 202.
- the first and second substrates 302, 202 are separated, e.g., by an air gap 304, so as to provide insulating features for the IG unit.
- the three substrates are substantially parallel to one another.
- the comparative example embodiment shown in and described with reference to Fig. 3 may be thought of as being a conventional IG unit, with the low-E UV blocking coating conventionally found on surface 2 of the window being moved to surface 4 of the window, along with the other elements of the PDLC stack of certain example embodiments.
- a low-E (and/or UV or UVA blocking) layer may be provided on surface 2 of the window (e.g., on the inner surface of the first substrate 302 proximate to the air gap 304) in certain example embodiments.
- This low-E layer may augment or replace the low-E UV blocking coating 206 located on the inner surface of the second substrate 202, depending on the illustrative implementation chosen.
- the periphery of the stack is left open (e.g., not sealed).
- a seal e.g., a polymer-based seal
- Fig. 4 is a graph of experimental data that illustrates the general ineffectiveness of the PVB in containing the UVA incidence.
- the graph shows the transmission of visible light (Tvis) and the reflectance of visible light (Rvis) of a full laminate with clear PVB in the 300 to 500 nm range.
- Light having a wavelength above about 400 nm e.g., from about 400 nm to about 700 nm typically is visible.
- the sample tested was a piece of clear glass, 1.7 mm thick.
- line 402 corresponds to transmission of light
- line 404 corresponds to inward reflection
- line 406 corresponds to outward reflection.
- about 99% of UV transmission is blocked up to about 380 nm.
- the UV transmission increases markedly thereafter.
- the reflection in and out is very low throughout all wavelengths.
- the PVB alone does little to block UVA incidence and provides low inward and outward reflection (also resulting in, for example, poor insulating features and leading to one or more of the above-described and/or other drawbacks).
- Fig. 5 is a graph of experimental data that illustrates the advantages gained by ruggedizing the PDLC in accordance with an example embodiment. More particularly, Tvis and Rvis are shown for a half-laminate with a double silver low-E and UV blocking film being disposed on surface 2 of the window, in accordance with an example embodiment.
- the sample tested was clear glass, coated with SunGuard SN 68 and ClimaGuard SPF (both commercially available from Guardian) and incorporating a 0.030" PVB laminate layer, bringing the total thickness to about 3 mm.
- line 502 corresponds to transmission of light
- line 504 corresponds to inward reflection
- line 506 corresponds to outward reflection.
- Fig. 5 line 502 corresponds to transmission of light
- line 504 corresponds to inward reflection
- line 506 corresponds to outward reflection.
- the arrangement of Fig. 5 and of certain example embodiments includes a low-E and UVA blocking layer that does block light having a wavelength from about 380-400 nm.
- a low-E and UVA blocking layer that does block light having a wavelength from about 380-400 nm.
- substantially more UVA incidence is blocked, and Rvis is higher at substantially all wavelengths.
- the samples created in accordance with certain example embodiments held-up very well in terms of changes in haze, E*-value, and percent of visible transmission, even after over 3,000 hours of UV exposure.
- the procedure for gathering the data in the table involved measuring each sample twice in the off state. Then, each sample was measured twice in the on state after waiting approximately 4 minutes.
- the data provided below represents the average of the two measurements. It was discovered that on state values are cyclical and do not always stabilize.
- Sample 4 provides a comparative example, in that one-half of the sample did not have a UV blocking coating, whereas the other half of the sample did have a UV blocking coating.
- L*, a*, and b* represent transmissive measurements.
- UV Time (hrs) Sample # Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 4 Type UV Blocker UV Blocker UV Blocker 1 ⁇ 2 no UV Blocker 1 ⁇ 2 UV Blocker State Off On Off On Off On Off On Off On Off On 0 Haze 101 5.95 102 6.68 102 6.94 102 7.62 102 7.62 % Tvis (Y 2/C) 1.66 72.09 1.29 70.65 1.23 67.52 1.31 68.21 1.31 68.21 L* (2/C) 13.57 88.01 11.19 87.31 10.81 85.77 11.36 86.11 11.36 86.11 a* (2/C) 4.61 -0.75 2.36 -0.76 2.46 -1.57 1.98 -1.15 1.98 -1.15 b* (2/
- the exposure to UV over time may affect one or both of the on and off state measurements.
- the off-axis haze advantageously may be reduced to less than or equal to about 10, more preferably less than or equal to about 4, more preferably less than or equal to about 3, and still more preferably less than or equal to about 2 at about 45° incidence.
- haze may be influenced by varying the amount of LC material in the LC-inclusive layer. Generally, including less LC material provides less off-axis haze.
- certain example embodiments take into account the stiffness of the PET material being used.
- the PET/LC/PET layers combined may be provided at a thickness that does not exceed about 300 microns.
- stress points may be reduced by the use of laser cutting of the raw LC material in certain example embodiments.
- the LC may be laser cut, e.g., so as to include grooves or channels. Such grooves or channels may be located on opposing sides of the stack. In addition to reducing the delamination, these and/or similar grooves also help reduce the formation of wrinkles.
- Certain example low-E UV blocking coatings may include a layer stack that may permit the coated article to achieve one or more of high selectivity (T vis /SF), a fairly low solar factor (SF), substantially neutral color at normal and/or off-axis viewing angles, and/or low emissivity.
- high selectivity T vis /SF
- SF fairly low solar factor
- T vis visible transmission
- SF solar factor
- a coated article such as an IG window unit (e.g., with two spaced apart glass substrates) realizes a high selectivity (T vis /SF) of at least 1.75, more preferably of at least 1.80, even more preferably of at least 1.85, and sometimes at least 1.90.
- coated articles realize a high selectivity value, in combination with a SF of no greater than 35.0, and more preferably a SF of no greater than 34.0, even more preferably a SF of no greater than 33.0, and most preferably a SF of no greater than 32.5 (SF, or g-value, is calculated in accordance with DIN 67507). This permits coated articles, for example, to realize good selectivity while at the same time blocking significant undesirable radiation from reaching a building interior or the like.
- a coated article which has both high selectivity and desirable coloration at both normal and off-axis viewing angles such as 45 degrees from normal. Moreover, in certain example embodiments, the coloration of the coated article does not shift by more than a predetermined amount between a normal viewing angle and an off-axis viewing angle of 45 degrees for example.
- coated articles realize a visible transmission of from about 50 to 70%, more preferably from about 55 to 65%, and most preferably from about 58 to 64% in a monolithic and/or IG unit context.
- Sheet resistance (R s ) is indicative of emissivity or emittance. Low sheet resistance is achieved in certain example embodiments.
- a coated articles realizes a sheet resistance (R s ) of no greater than about 3.0 ohms/square, more preferably no greater than about 2.0 ohms/square, and most preferably no greater than about 1.9 ohms/square before any optional heat treatment such as tempering. Such low sheet resistance values are indicative of low emissivity.
- the low-E coating of a coated article includes only two IR reflecting layers (e.g., only two silver or silver-based layers). While other numbers of IR reflecting layers may sometimes be provided, the use of two is preferable in certain instances in that low-emittance can be achieved and more such layers are not required thereby making coatings easier and cost effective to manufacture and less susceptible to yield problems.
- an IR reflecting layer is located between respective lower and upper contact layers, each of which contacts the IR reflecting layer.
- the contact layers may be made of material(s) such as an oxide of nickel-chrome (NiCrO x ) in certain example embodiments.
- the lower contact layer is of the sub-oxide type
- the upper contact layer is more oxided than is the lower contact layer.
- Figs. 6 and 7 are example multi-layer low-E UV blocking coatings that are in accordance with the invention.
- the coated article includes substrate 202 (e.g., clear, green, bronze, or blue-green glass substrate from about 1.0 to 10.0 mm thick, more preferably from about 1.0 mm to 7.0 mm thick), and coating (or layer system) 600 provided on the substrate 202 either directly or indirectly.
- substrate 202 e.g., clear, green, bronze, or blue-green glass substrate from about 1.0 to 10.0 mm thick, more preferably from about 1.0 mm to 7.0 mm thick
- coating (or layer system) 600 provided on the substrate 202 either directly or indirectly.
- the coating (or layer system) 600 includes: dielectric titanium oxide layer 601 which may be TiO x (e.g., where x is from 1.5 to 2.0), first lower contact layer 603 (which contacts IR reflecting layer 605), first conductive and preferably metallic infrared (IR) reflecting layer 605, first upper contact layer 607 (which contacts layer 605), dielectric layer 609 (which may be deposited in one or multiple steps), dielectric layer 615 may be of or include zinc oxide, second conductive and preferably metallic IR reflecting layer 619, second upper contact layer 621 (which contacts layer 619), dielectric layer 623, and finally protective dielectric layer 625.
- dielectric titanium oxide layer 601 which may be TiO x (e.g., where x is from 1.5 to 2.0)
- first lower contact layer 603 which contacts IR reflecting layer 605
- first conductive and preferably metallic infrared (IR) reflecting layer 605 first upper contact layer 607 (which contacts layer 605)
- dielectric layer 609 which may be deposited in one or multiple steps
- the "contact” layers 603, 607, and 621 each contact at least one IR reflecting layer (e.g., layer based on Ag, Au, or the like).
- the aforesaid layers 601-625 make up low-E coating 600 which is provided on glass or plastic substrate 202.
- dielectric layer 609 may be "split" and an additional UV blocking layer 611 may be added (e.g., between successive layers of the dielectric layer 609). That is, at least some of dielectric layer 609 may be deposited, the UV blocking layer 611 may be deposited, and then the rest of the dielectric layer 609 may be deposited.
- the UV blocking layer may be of or include zinc oxide doped with bismuth (e.g., ZnBiO or other suitable stoichiometry) or simply bismuth oxide (BiO) in certain example embodiments.
- the UV blocking layer 611 may include silver oxide (e.g., AgO x or other suitable stoichiometry), as described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,596,399 .
- the dielectric layer 623 may be split and the UV blocking layer 611 may be inserted therein.
- a UV blocking layer 611 surrounded by dielectric layers e.g., of tin oxide
- the improved low-E UV blocking stacks 600 and 700 thus are capable of blocking both UV and IR.
- dielectric layer 601 isof titanium oxide according to the invention. This layer is provided for anti-reflective purposes, and preferably has an index of refraction (n) of from about 2.0 to 2.6, more preferably from about 2.2 to 2.5. Layer 601 may be provided in direct contact with the glass substrate 202 in certain example embodiments of this invention, or alternatively other layer(s) may be provided between the substrate 202 and layer 601 in certain instances.
- Infrared (IR) reflecting layers 605 and 619 are preferably substantially or entirely metallic and/or conductive, and may comprise or consist essentially of silver (Ag), gold, or any other suitable IR reflecting material. IR reflecting layers 605 and 619 help allow the coating to have low-E and/or good solar control characteristics. The IR reflecting layers 605 and/or 619 may, however, be slightly oxidized in certain embodiments of this invention.
- Contact layers 607 and 621 may be of or include nickel (Ni) oxide, chromium/chrome (Cr) oxide, or a nickel alloy oxide such as nickel chrome oxide (NiCrO x ), or other suitable material(s), in certain example embodiments of this invention.
- NiCrO x nickel chrome oxide
- These contact layers may or may not be continuous in different embodiments of this invention across the entire IR reflecting layer.
- the upper contact layers 607 and/or 621 that are located above the respective IR reflecting layers 605 and 619 are deposited in a manner so as to be oxided to a first extent.
- the upper contact layers 607 and/or 621 may be substantially fully oxided.
- the optional contact layer an the contact layer 621 may be composed of oxides of the same metal(s), yet be oxided to different extents where the optional lower contact layer is oxided to a lesser extent than is the upper contact layer 621.
- the optional lower NiCrO x contact layer is a sub-oxide (i.e., only partially oxided) whereas upper NiCrO x contact layer 621 is substantially fully oxided as deposited by sputtering or the like.
- the optional sub-oxide contact layer may have no more than about 80% of the oxygen content of the upper contact layer 621, more preferably no more than about 70% of the oxygen content of the upper contact layer 621, and most preferably no more than about 60% of the oxygen content of the upper contact layer 621.
- the lower contact layer 617 under the IR reflecting layer 619 is oxided to a lesser extent than is the upper contact layer 621 located over the IR reflecting layer 619 in at least certain portions of the respective contact layers.
- the optional sub-oxide contact layer In order to deposit the optional sub-oxide contact layer in a manner so as to be less oxided than upper contact layer 621, even when they are oxides of the same metal(s) such as Ni and/or Cr, less oxygen gas flow per kW of sputtering power may be used in sputtering the optional layer compared to layer 621.
- an oxygen gas flow of about 5 ml/kW may be used when sputtering the optional sub-oxide lower contact layer, whereas an oxygen gas flow of about 10 ml/kW may be used when sputtering substantially fully oxided upper contact layer 621 (the remainder of the gas flows may be made up of Ar or the like).
- the oxygen gas flow per kW of sputtering power for the optional sub-oxide layer is about 50% of that for the more oxided upper contact layer 621.
- the oxygen gas flow per kW of sputtering power for the optional sub-oxide layer is no more than about 80% of that used for the upper more oxided contact layer 621, more preferably no more than about 70% of that used for the upper more oxided contact layer 621, and even more preferably no more than about 60% of that used for the upper more oxided contact layer 621.
- the upper contact layers 607 and 621 provided over the respective IR reflecting layers may be deposited in similar or the same manners.
- Lower contact layer 603 and/or dielectric layer 615 in certain embodiments of this invention are of or include zinc oxide (e.g., ZnO).
- the zinc oxide of layer(s) 603, 615 may contain other materials as well such as Al (e.g., to form ZnAlO x ).
- one or more of zinc oxide layers 603, 615 may be doped with from about 1 to 10% Al, more preferably from about 1 to 5% Al, and most preferably about 2 to 4% Al.
- the use of zinc oxide 603 under the silver 605 allows for an excellent quality of silver to be achieved.
- Dielectric layer 609 is of tin oxide according to the invention.
- Dielectric layer 623 is of tin oxide.
- Dielectric layer 625 which may be an overcoat including one or more layers in certain example instances, may be of or include silicon nitride (e.g., Si 3 N 4 ) or any other suitable material in certain example embodiments of this invention.
- other layers may be provided above layer 625.
- an overcoat layer of or including zirconium oxide (not shown) may be formed directly on top of the silicon nitride layer 625 in certain example embodiments of this invention.
- Silicon nitride layer 625 may be doped with Al or the like in certain example embodiments of this invention.
- the layer system or coating is “on” or “supported by” substrate 202 (directly or indirectly), other layer(s) may be provided therebetween.
- the coating of Fig. 6 may be considered “on” and “supported by” the substrate 202 even if other layer(s) are provided between layer 601 and substrate 202.
- certain layers of the illustrated coating may be removed in certain embodiments, while others may be added between the various layers or the various layer(s) may be split with other layer(s) added between the split sections in other embodiments of this invention.
- the use of the word “on” herein is not limited to being in direct contact with.
- Certain example embodiments incorporate the illustrate layers described herein so that no more than about 20% of light having a wavelength of about 380-400 nm reaches the PDLC layer. Preferably, less than about 15% of light having a wavelength of about 380-400 nm reaches the PDLC layer. Still more preferably less than about 10%, and most preferably less than about 5%, of light having a wavelength of about 380-400 nm reaches the PDLC layer. Certain example embodiments incorporate the illustrate layers described herein so that the visible transmission of light is at least about 55%, more preferably at least about 60%, still more preferably at least about 65%, and most preferably at least about 70%.
- PVB laminates tend to be more resistant to impact. However, in certain example instances, PVB laminates sometimes allow the LC layer to move inwards, degrading the performance and/or appearance of the overall structure.
- a polymer e.g., of an acrylic or an amide
- This polymer may act as barrier, reducing migration of the PVB plasticizer, and reducing the chances of the LC being pushed inwards.
- certain example embodiments may include a polymer barrier proximate to the periphery of the PDLC film so as to reduce migration of the PVB and/or movement of the LC layer.
- a polymer barrier may be used in connection with other laminates.
- encapsulating the PVB and/or EVA proximate to the periphery e.g., also proximate to where electrical contacts are made), advantageously reduces the assembled unit's susceptibility to humidity encroachment over time.
- the combination of the LC-inclusive layer, the PVB and/or EVA, and/or other materials in the assembled unit increases sound attenuation. For example, certain example embodiments, it is possible to achieve sound attenuation up to about 45 dB in the 10-12 kHz band.
- the LC-inclusive layer may be made by, for example, emulsion techniques and by solvent-induced phase separation.
- thin LC-films may be cast from solution onto suitable transparent substrates such as PET, made conductive by TCO deposition.
- heat stability may be provided by using a LC mixture formulation that is stable up to at least about 100°C, more preferably up to at least about 110°C, and still more preferably up to at least about 120°C (e.g., in connection with automotive applications).
- the LCs in the polymer, the polymer itself, and the mixture thereof may be stable up to at least about 100°C, more preferably up to at least about 110°C, and still more preferably up to at least about 120°C.
- LC mixture suitable for use in certain example implementations is commercially available from iGlass, which makes a mixture suitable for high-temperature applications.
- the iGlass LC mixture involves LCs that have a generally crystalline, basically oblique, structure. Such LCs preferably rotate from about 30-60°, and more preferably to about 40°, at the application of voltage.
- High temperature LCs commercially available from Merck (for example, those available with the trade name Licrilite®) also may be used in connection with certain example embodiments. It will be appreciated that iGlass and Merck are only two examples of providers of LCs and/or mixtures that may be used in connection with certain example embodiments.
- any suitable nematic LC e.g., nematic LCs having a higher glass transition temperature
- a suitable polymer e.g., a formulated polymer
Claims (10)
- Fenêtre comprenant :un substrat de verre intérieur (204) et un substrat de verre extérieur (202), le substrat de verre intérieur et le substrat de verre extérieur étant sensiblement parallèles l'un à l'autre ;un revêtement multicouche à faible émissivité bloquant les ultraviolets (UV) (206), supporté par une surface intérieure du substrat de verre extérieur (202), le revêtement à faible émissivité bloquant les UV bloquant des quantités importantes d'UV dans la gamme de 380 à 400 nm ;une couche comprenant des cristaux liquides (204), disposée entre au moins le substrat de verre intérieur et le substrat de verre extérieur ;une première et une deuxième couche conductrices sensiblement transparentes (212), la première et la deuxième couche conductrices sensiblement transparentes étant disposées entre la couche comprenant des cristaux liquides (214) et respectivement le substrat de verre extérieur et le substrat de verre intérieur ;une première et une deuxième couche de stratification (210) comprenant un polymère, la première couche de stratification étant disposée entre au moins la couche comprenant des cristaux liquides (214) et le substrat de verre extérieur (202), et la deuxième couche de stratification étant disposée entre au moins la couche comprenant des cristaux liquides et le substrat de verre intérieur ;au moins une barre omnibus en communication électrique avec la première et/ou avec la deuxième couche conductrices transparentes de façon à amener la couche comprenant des cristaux liquides à s'activer quand une tension y est appliquée ; etdans laquelle le revêtement multicouche à faible émissivité bloquant les UV (206) comprend :une couche diélectrique d'oxyde de titane (601),une première couche de contact inférieure (603),une première couche réfléchissant les IR conductrice et métallique (605), la première couche de contact (603) étant en contact avec la première couche réfléchissant les IR (605),une première couche de contact supérieure (607), qui est en contact avec la première couche réfléchissant les IR (605),une première couche diélectrique (609),une deuxième couche diélectrique (615),une deuxième couche réfléchissant les IR conductrice et métallique (609),une deuxième couche de contact supérieure (621), qui est en contact avec la deuxième couche réfléchissant les IR (619),une troisième couche diélectrique (623),une quatrième couche diélectrique protectrice (625), et une couche bloquant les UV (611), entourée par les couches diélectriques (609 ; 623) en oxyde d'étain,de telle sorte que pas plus de 20 % de la lumière incidente ayant une longueur d'onde de 380 à 400 nm n'atteigne la couche comprenant des cristaux liquides,dans laquelle l'article revêtu présente un facteur de transmission dans le visible d'au moins 55 % quand la couche comprenant des cristaux liquides est activée, et dans laquelle la couche comprenant des cristaux liquides (214) est stable jusqu'à au moins 120°C.
- Fenêtre selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la première et la deuxième couche de stratification comprenant un polymère (210) sont encapsulées au niveau de leurs bords.
- Fenêtre selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le trouble en observation désaxée est inférieur ou égal à 4 pour un angle d'incidence d'environ 45°, de préférence inférieur ou égal à 3 pour un angle d'incidence d'environ 45°, et plus particulièrement inférieur ou égal à 2 pour un angle d'incidence d'environ 45°.
- Unité de fenêtre à vitrage isolant, comprenant :au moins un premier (302), un deuxième (202) et un troisième (204) substrat de verre sensiblement parallèles ;un revêtement multicouche à faible émissivité bloquant les UV (206), supporté par une surface du deuxième substrat de verre (202) en regard du troisième substrat (204) ;une couche comprenant des cristaux liquides (214), disposée entre le deuxième et le troisième substrat de verre ;une première et une deuxième couche conductrices transparentes (212), la première et la deuxième couche conductrices transparentes étant disposées entre au moins la couche comprenant des cristaux liquides et respectivement le deuxième et le troisième substrat de verre ;au moins une barre omnibus électriquement connectée à la première et/ou à la deuxième couche conductrices transparentes de façon à amener la couche comprenant des cristaux liquides à s'activer quand au moins une tension prédéterminée est appliquée à la barre omnibus,dans lequel le premier (302) et le deuxième (202) substrat de verre sont espacés l'un de l'autre,dans lequel le revêtement multicouche à faible émissivité bloquant les UV (206) comprend :une couche diélectrique d'oxyde de titane (601),une première couche de contact inférieure (603),une première couche réfléchissant les IR conductrice et métallique (605), la première couche de contact (603) étant en contact avec la première couche réfléchissant les IR (605),une première couche de contact supérieure (607), qui est en contact avec la première couche réfléchissant les IR (605),une première couche diélectrique (609),une deuxième couche diélectrique (615),une deuxième couche réfléchissant les IR conductrice et métallique (609),une deuxième couche de contact supérieure (621), qui est en contact avec la deuxième couche réfléchissant les IR (619),une troisième couche diélectrique (623),une quatrième couche diélectrique protectrice (625), etune couche bloquant les UV (611), entourée par les couches diélectriques (609 ; 623) en oxyde d'étain, afin de bloquer des quantités importantes de rayonnement UV dans la gamme de 380 à 400 nm de telle sorte que pas plus de 20 % de la lumière incidente ayant une longueur d'onde de 380 à 400 nm n'atteigne la couche comprenant des cristaux liquides,l'unité à vitrage isolant présentant un facteur de transmission dans le visible d'au moins 50 % quand la couche comprenant des cristaux liquides est activée, etla couche comprenant des cristaux liquides (214) étant stable jusqu'à au moins 120 °C.
- Unité de fenêtre à vitrage isolant selon la revendication 4, dans lequel la première et la deuxième couche de stratification (210) comprenant un polymère sont encapsulées au niveau de leurs bords.
- Unité de fenêtre à vitrage isolant selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le trouble en observation désaxée est inférieur ou égal à 4 pour un angle d'incidence d'environ 45°, de préférence inférieur ou égal à 3 pour un angle d'incidence d'environ 45°, et tout spécialement inférieur ou égal à 2 pour un angle d'incidence d'environ 45°.
- Article revêtu comprenant un revêtement à faible émissivité (600 ; 700) supporté par un substrat de verre (202) et disposé entre la surface intérieure du substrat de verre (202) et une couche (214) comprenant des cristaux liquides, le revêtement à faible émissivité comprenant :une couche diélectrique d'oxyde de titane (601),une première couche de contact (603),une première couche réfléchissant les IR conductrice et métallique (605), comprenant de l'or et/ou de l'argent,la première couche de contact (603) étant en contact avec la première couche (605) réfléchissant les IR,une première couche de contact supérieure (607), qui est en contact avec la première couche réfléchissante (605),une première couche diélectrique (609),une deuxième couche diélectrique (615),une deuxième couche (619) réfléchissant les IR, conductrice et métallique,une deuxième couche de contact supérieure (621), qui est en contact avec la deuxième couche réfléchissant les IR (619), comprenant de l'argent et/ou de l'or,une troisième couche diélectrique (623),une quatrième couche diélectrique protectrice (625), etune couche bloquant les UV (611), entourée par les couches diélectriques (609 ; 623) en oxyde d'étain ;qui bloque des quantités importantes de lumière UV ayant une longueur d'onde de 380 à 400 nm de telle sorte que pas plus de 20 % de la lumière ayant une longueur d'onde de 380 à 400 nm ne passe à travers le revêtement à faible émissivité ;dans lequel la couche bloquant les UV (611) est disposée de façon à ne pas être en contact direct avec la première et la deuxième couche réfléchissant les IR, etdans lequel la couche comprenant des cristaux liquides (214) est stable jusqu'à au moins 120 °C.
- Article revêtu selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le trouble en observation désaxée est inférieur ou égal à 4 pour un angle d'incidence d'environ 45°.
- Article revêtu selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le trouble en observation désaxée est inférieur ou égal à 3 pour un angle d'incidence d'environ 45°.
- Article revêtu selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le trouble en observation désaxée est inférieur ou égal à 2 pour un angle d'incidence d'environ 45°.
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US12/071,383 US9333728B2 (en) | 2007-11-06 | 2008-02-20 | Ruggedized switchable glazing, and/or method of making the same |
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EP2093051A1 EP2093051A1 (fr) | 2009-08-26 |
EP2093051B1 true EP2093051B1 (fr) | 2018-12-19 |
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EP09153026.1A Expired - Fee Related EP2093051B1 (fr) | 2008-02-20 | 2009-02-17 | Vitrage commutable renforcé et/ou son procédé de fabrication |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9333728B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 |
US20160355435A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
US20090115922A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
US9963383B2 (en) | 2018-05-08 |
EP2093051A1 (fr) | 2009-08-26 |
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