Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
  • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
  • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
  • F23D11/408—Flow influencing devices in the air tube
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
  • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
  • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
  • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
  • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
  • F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
  • F23D11/448—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by electrical means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
  • F23G7/05—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste oils
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
  • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
  • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
  • F23K5/14—Details thereof
  • F23K5/20—Preheating devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
  • F23C2900/99009—Combustion process using vegetable derived fuels, e.g. from rapes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an apparatus for the combustion of various types of oil of the type typically used in heating installations and the like.
• these apparatuses from the art are constructed by providing a burning unit mounted or connected to a boiler or cauldron.
• a pre-treatment unit may be provided in order to treat the alternative oil in such a manner that it becomes suitable to be used in the apparatus for the combustion of oils.
• Such a pre-treatment unit is typically arranged outside the oil combustion unit and will typically comprise means for heating the oil in order to increase the viscosity whereby an improved combustion of the vegetable or waste oil is achieved.
• the present invention addresses this by providing an apparatus for the combustion of various types of oil where the apparatus comprises:
• combustion air supply means comprises an air flow channel in the shape of a cylinder, said cylinder having an air inlet opening and an outlet opening arranged in opposite ends of said cylinder, and where inside of the cylinder the nozzle and ignition means are arranged, and where in or adjacent the outlet opening, air and/or mist distribution means in the shape of a non-rotatable disc having an outer and inner di- ameter is arranged, wherein the disc has a conical section shape, such that the inner diameter of the disc is closer to the cylinder's air inlet opening and the outer diameter of the disc is arranged proximate the outlet opening of the cylinder, and where a plurality of wings are arranged radially around the disc, for directing the airflow leaving the cylinder.
• the present apparatus has burnt 20-30 of tonnes of light fuels for example without the necessity to clean neither the nozzle, the ignition means, the disc nor the boiler, whereas the prior art devices after approximately 5-800 kilos of the same type of oil needed a thorough cleaning.
• the oil is derived from rape as mentioned above 1000-1500 litres of spent oil require a cleaning
• more than 1,500 litres may be burnt before it is necessary to clean the nozzle and the disc.
• the angle between a longitudinal axis through the air flow channel and the air distribution means is between 60° and 80°, more preferred approximately 70°.
• the conical section shape having the angle between 60° and 80° in combination with the wings creates a turbulent and agitated airflow in the immediate vicinity where the atomised oil particles are introduced into the air stream and ignited.
• Prior art blowers arranged in connection with an oil nozzle creates a substantially laminar air stream creating a long flame where the oil particles are ignited.
• the present invention creates a turbulent airflow for combustion wherein the flame will tend to have a shape corresponding to a well-known candle flame shape such that the combustion of the oil mist is very close to 100% and at the same time the direction of the energy is towards the boiler, whereby the wasted energy due to heat going off in other directions is minimized.
• the number of wings is very important such that in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention the number of wings is selected between 7 and 14 wings more preferred between 8 and 12, and most preferred 10 wings are arranged radially around the disc.
• the number of wings is a balance between air resistance and the ability of the disc to create a homogenous turbulent flow pattern of the mist when it is ignited immediately following issuing of oil by the nozzle. Thorough testing has indicated that for most burners the combination of 10 wings provides for a substantially homogenous mist downstream whereas the air resistance of the disc remains as little as possible. It is clear that the combustion air supply means needs to force the air through the cylinder towards the combustion zone, and the less energy is wasted forcing the air past the disc, the less energy is used in order to run the installation.
• the disc is made from a plate material where each wing in cross section has first and second bent portions, where said first portion is at an angle relative to the disc, and where the second portion is parallel to the disc.
• An additional further advantageous aspect of the present invention is the provision of a pre-treatment unit where the oils are treated such that as they enter the burning unit, i.e. the nozzle and the ignition means, the oil will have the optimum viscosity.
• the apparatus in a further advantageous embodiment comprises an oil receiving tank which tank comprises an inlet and an outlet, where the inlet is arranged adjacent the bottom of said tank and the outlet is arranged above said inlet, and where fur- ther a heating element is placed in the tank at a level above the inlet but below the outlet. It is known in the art to provide oil receiving tanks prior to letting the oil into the combustion apparatus and also supplying the oil receiving tank with heating means.
• the oil inlet and the oil outlet from said tank are provided adjacent the top of the tank and a suitable heating element is arranged substantially in the bottom of the tank such that as the oil is heated it will, due to the temperature difference between the colder oil entered into the tank, rise and be able to be guide through the outlet towards the combustion chamber.
• This oil movement is very unstable and requires a certain size of tank in order to ensure that the distance between the oil inlet and the oil outlet is sufficient in order to ensure that only pre- heated oil enters the oil outlet.
• the mix of the oil as it is moving upwards respectively downwards due to temperature differences and thereby density differences requires that the oil be heated to a substantially higher temperature in order to ensure that the oil taken out at the outlet has the desired exit temperature.
• the tank is provided with a lid.
• a lid substantially reduces the risk of igniting the oil by accident and furthermore reduces the amount of energy which is needed in order to heat the oil in that the lid will also provide a certain thermal insulation.
• the spreading of malodours is particularly undesirable in private installations such as housings and the like. As the oil is heated, the amount of volatile bad smelling gasses increases and thereby the risk of malodours greatly increases.
• the distance from the tank's outlet to the nozzle is as short as possible, such that the distance between the tank outlet and the nozzle is less than 250 mm, more preferred less than 200 mm and most preferred less than 150 mm, and that the difference in elevation between the outlet and the nozzle is between 10 mm and 50 mm preferably less than 25 mm, and further that the pipeline connecting the tank with the nozzle and/or the tank optionally may be insulated.
• the cooling between the storage and the nozzle is greatly reduced such that a higher nozzle temperature may be achieved with less heating energy used in order to bring the oil in the tank up to the desired temperature.
• the apparatus as well as the pre-treatment unit is arranged inside the same housing, where said housing only is provided with one opening in the shape of an air inlet for the supply of air to the combustion air supply means.
• the apparatus according to the invention is provided with a number of safety measures.
• a thermo fuse is installed such that in case the oil overheats, all cir- cuits are shut down including the combustion parts of the apparatus. This is done in order not to run the risk that ignition of volatile fragments of the oil in particular from the overheated oil may inadvertently ignite inside the housing and thereby create an explosion.
• the overall construction of the apparatus is such that the energy consumption by the apparatus is substantially less than other comparable apparatuses whereby the risk of overheating or creating situations where the use of excess energy creates malfunction is reduced.
• the relatively small size of the tank furthermore provides for a very limited amount of ignitable and volatile materials such that should the safety devices built into the apparatus for one reason or the other fail to shut down the apparatus, the amount of flammable liquid is very limited.
• the components are designed to correspond to each other such that no mismatch of components creates noises from e.g. vibrations or air flow which are unnecessary in relation to the general running of the apparatus.
• the air distribution disc provides for a very homogenous creation of an oil particle mist such that a substantially complete combustion of all oil particles suspended in the mist is achieved substantially regardless of the air pressure.
• By furthermore heating the oil in the pre-treatment unit to a desirable viscosity a substantially clean and thorough combustion of the oil components is achieved.
• pollution inside the apparatus occurs, it is relatively easy to open the unit and clean the air distribution disc in order to achieve the optimal conditions for combusting the air/oil mixture.
• the arrangement of the disc in relation to the nozzle and ignition means shall under ideal conditions be such that the inner diameter of the disc is close to the outlet of the nozzle.
• the ignition means usually comprises two electrodes between which a spank is generated. In order to avoid the spark going elsewhere, i.e. to maintain the spark be- tween the two electrodes, the distance between the electrodes and the disc shall be approx. 3 mm or more.
• FIG. 1 illustrates an apparatus according to the invention
• Figure 2 illustrates a section of an apparatus according to the invention where the housing has been removed
• Figure 3 illustrates a section as seen from above with the housing removed
• Figure 4 illustrates a section of the apparatus seen from the side
• Figure 5 illustrates a perspective of the pre-treatment unit
• Figure 6 illustrates a side-view of the pre-treatment unit
• Figure 7 illustrates a safety measure arranged inside the pre-treatment unit
• Figure 8 illustrates the air and/or mist distribution means
• Figure 9 illustrates a schematic side-view of the air and/or mist distribution means
• Figure 10 illustrates the principle of an apparatus comprising a nozzle pre- treatment unit and safety measures.
• FIG 1 is illustrated an apparatus according to the invention where the parts of the apparatus is covered by a housing 1 as well as an air flow channel in the shape of a cylinder 7.
• the air flow channel 7 is suitable to be mounted for example on an existing boiler unit such that the apparatus according to the invention may use an already existing boiler.
• a regulator 2 is provided such that any desired temperature may be selected to which the oil type being used as combustion media should be pre- heated in the tank.
• an air intake 6 as well as an oil inlet 5 is provided on the front of the unit.
• the unit may be provided with an electrical outlet 4 in order to provide a power outlet for an air compressor if such is needed in connection with increas- ing the energy output of the unit by forcing more air through the apparatus.
• the pre-treatment unit 8 When removing the housing 1 the interior of the apparatus becomes exposed as illustrated in figure 2.
• the pre-treatment unit 8 is clearly visible, m the pre- treatment unit an oil inlet 9 is arranged which oil inlet 9 is connected to the oil inlet 5 on the exterior of the housing such that any type of oil suitable to be used in the device is lead into the lower section of the pre-treatment 8.
• a heating element 10 such that the cooler oil entered through the oil inlet 9 will be heated before it moves upwards towards the oil outlet 12 where the oil is further piped to the nozzle and thereby the combustion chamber.
• the pre-treatment unit 8 consists of a tank 27 and a lid 28.
• the lid is specifically pro- vided for a number of reasons but mainly in order to avoid the evaporation of volatile fractions of the oil being used for combustion and at the same time in order to minimize the heat loss in order to save energy during the heating of the oil in the tank 27.
• a liquid level gauge 11 which level gauge is used in order to activate the oil pump in order to let more oil into the tank 8 through the inlet 9. hi this manner it is possible at all times to have the optimal amount of oil preheated in the tank ready for combustion in the apparatus.
• the air supply means 13 in the shape of a blower may be seen in the right hand part of figure 2.
• the blower As the blower is arranged under the housing 1, it will during use cre-ate an under-pressure inside the housing whereby volatile gasses cannot escape the housing but will be forced with the combustion air into the boiler chamber.
• hi figure 3 is illustrated a view of the apparatus seen from above with the housing removed.
• the air channel 7 is in this embodiment mounted on a pivotal arm 14 such that a flange member 29 connected to the pivotal arm and fastened to the air channel 7 may be mounted on the boiler as such.
• the rest of the apparatus according to the present invention may then be pivoted away from the air channel 7 in order to cany out maintenance as illustrated in figure 4.
• the air channel 7 and the flange plate 29 will, when the apparatus is mounted on a boiler (not illustrated), be such that by means of the pivotal arm 14 the apparatus according to the invention may be pivoted away in order to expose the nozzle, the ignition means 15 as well as the air and/or mist distribution means 16.
• the disc 16 will be substantially flush with the end of the air channel 7 and as illustrated with reference to figure 4 the disc 16 is mounted immediately adjacent the outlet of the nozzle immediately adjacent the ignition means 15.
• the pre-heated oil from the tank 8 is by means of the oil outlet pipe 12 (see figure 2) lead to the nozzle and will be introduced into the nozzle means by the coupling 17 as illustrated with reference to figure 4. From here on the pre-heated oil will be atomized in the nozzle and due to the air flow through the air and/or mist distribution means in the shape of the disc 16 will be formed into an oil mist which will be ignited by the ignition means 15.
• the tank 8 comprises an oil inlet 16 as already explained above as well as an oil outlet 12 arranged respectively with the oil inlet at a low portion of the tank 8 and the oil outlet at an upper portion of the tank 8.
• a heating element 10 for heating the oil which is lead into the tank 8.
• the tank may be provided with a slanted bottom 20 such that any residue and particles will be collected at the lowermost point of the tank 8, where during maintenance the valve 18 may be opened in order to empty the tank for residue, foreign objects etc.
• the lid 28 as illustrated in figure 2 has been removed. It is, however, contemplated that the lid is able to completely seal the tank 8 such that malodours are not able to escape the tank as such.
• the bottom of the housing 1 is illustrated where it is provided with a tray 21 for collecting possible leaking oils. Furthermore, the leak tray 21 is provided with a level gauge 22 which is connected by means of wires 23 to a shut-down mecha- nism such that if any oil is collected in the leak tray 21, up to a certain level decided by the level gauge 22, the level gauge will send a signal to a control unit whereby the entire apparatus will be shut down until the fault is detected, i.e. the fault that lead to the oil being collected in the leak tray.
• the control unit of the apparatus is connected to the sensors, i.e.
• the level gauge both in the leak tray 21 as well as in the tank such that as combustion of oil uses oil from the tank 8 the level gauge mounted in the lid as described above will detect that the level is lowering and thereby allow more oil to enter the pre-heating tank 8 and thereby become ready for combustion in the air channel.
• the preheating of the oil in the tank will be decided according to the particular properties of that oil being used for combustion, and the regu- lator 2, see figure 1, is used in order to preset the heating element 10 in the tank to the desired temperature such that the preheating in the tank 8 is carried out according to the optimal temperature depending on the oil used for combustion.
• FIG 8 a central key element in order to achieve the advantages with the present invention is illustrated in the shape of the means for air and mist distribution in the shape of a disc.
• the disc has a basically conical section shape such that the conical section shape is defined by an outer and an inner diameter and the inner diameter is closer to the nozzle means than the outer diameter.
• the disc 16 is provided with a central aperture 25 in which the nozzle and ignition means are placed such that the atom- ized oil particles will be introduced into the air flow in the air channel which due to the provision of the wings 26 will create an air pattern whereby the combustion air and the minuscule oil particles in the shape of a mist will be so effectively mixed that a thorough and complete combustion of the oil due to the inventive disc is accomplished.
• the wing comprises a bent portion 35 arranged in between two substantially straight portions 36, 37.
• the first section 36 is in the same plane as the conical section shape of the disc, i.e. in the plane of the disc, whereas the first bent section 35 is at an angle to this disc shape.
• the second bent portion 37 is bent relative to the first bent portion 35 such that the second section 37 is substantially parallel to the disc shape 37.
• FIG 9 a principle sketch of the disc is illustrated where the disc 16 with its wings 26 are arranged at an angle 27 relative to a longitudinal axis of symmetry 30.
• the angle is typically chosen between 60 and 80° and an angle of approxi- mately 70° has in practice shown very good results relating to the quality of combustion for a wide spectre of different oils, hi figure 9 a flange 24 is provided in order to attach the disc 16 to the nozzle, but in other embodiments of the invention it is foreseen that the disc is made as an integral part of the air channel 7, for example by attaching the disc in the outlet end of the air channel, whereby the flange member 24 being attached to the nozzle is avoided.
• a further advantage by attaching the disc 16 to the air channel is the fact that when the apparatus according to the invention is provided with a pivotal arm 14 as explained with reference to figures 3 and 4 the disc by swinging the apparatus away becomes fully accessible as do the nozzle and ignition means which in the embodiment according to figure 4 is partly enclosed by the disc 16. By separating the disc and the nozzle and the ignition means it becomes easier to clean the part, so from that perspective the configuration where the disc 16 is attached to the air channel 7 provides some cleaning advantages.
• the air supply means will supply air inside the unit in the direction 31 such that as the oil and air enters the nozzle 28 a mist will be created whereby the ignition means (not illustrated) will ignite the mist and create a substantially complete combustion of the atomized oil particles.
• the leakage tray 21 will collect the oil spillage, and after a certain amount of oil has been collected in the leakage tray 21, the level gauge 22 will be activated sending out a signal by wire means 23 to the control unit after which the entire unit will be shut down.
• the control unit will furthermore issue a warning signal such that appropriate maintenance and service may be carried out in response to the generated signal.
• a further important aspect of the invention is the fact that the distance 29 between the nozzle 28 and the outlet of the tank 12 is kept at a minimum such that the pre-heated oil in the tank 8 through its passage of the outlet pipe 12 towards the nozzle is not cooled which will lead to an inferior combustion when ignited upon leaving the noz- zle.
• the distance 29 for practical rea- sons has been set in a vertical direction to be between 1 and 5 cm, more preferable around 3 centimetres.
• the total distance from the outlet of the tank 8 to the inlet in the nozzle should also be kept as short as possible, but will for practical reasons due to the other components in the unit be around 20 cm or more preferable down to approx 12.5 cm. At these distances tests indicate that no significant cooling influencing the mist formation in the nozzle occurs such that optimum combustion results in combination with a minimum of energy consumption in the preheating unit is achieved.
• the apparatus may be designed to have a so-called boiler effect of between 15 and 40 kilowatts where the air in the air channel is provided with a pressure of 0.5 bar in comparison to the ambient air pressure.
• the oil types usable with the present invention are very varied and all known energy oils may be used with the present apparatus such as environmental friendly non-fossil oils deriving from vegetables or animals may be used as also fossil fuel are usable with the present invention.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2007
  • 2007-10-09 WO PCT/DK2007/000437 patent/WO2008055497A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2007-10-09 EP EP07817833A patent/EP2092239A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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