WO2012072003A1 - 气化油燃烧器和包括气化油燃烧器的内燃式燃烧器 - Google Patents
气化油燃烧器和包括气化油燃烧器的内燃式燃烧器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012072003A1 WO2012072003A1 PCT/CN2011/082924 CN2011082924W WO2012072003A1 WO 2012072003 A1 WO2012072003 A1 WO 2012072003A1 CN 2011082924 W CN2011082924 W CN 2011082924W WO 2012072003 A1 WO2012072003 A1 WO 2012072003A1
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- gasification
- oil
- gasifier
- gun
- burner according
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
- F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
- F23D11/443—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by the main burner flame
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
Definitions
- Gasified oil burner and internal combustion type burner including gasification oil burner
- the present invention relates to a gasification oil burner and an internal combustion type burner including the gasification oil burner. Background technique
- the atomization fuel is traditionally used for ignition.
- Ordinary mechanical atomization fuel mode is used when the furnace is ignited.
- the nozzle aperture is > 5mm.
- the atomization granularity is relatively large, and the oil mist is distributed in a horseshoe shape, that is, the oil mist is concentrated. 80. Near the cone side of the fog cone on the left and right sides, there is little oil mist in the center of the mist. At this time, the temperature at the periphery of the edge of the mist cone is very low, so the combustion is not sufficient, and black smoke is inevitably caused, that is, energy is wasted and the environment is polluted.
- Chinese patent CN200810006972.6 discloses a novel flame generator, which comprises: an outer casing composed of a rear end hood, a middle wind box and a front air distribution cylinder, and an igniter, an oil inlet pipe and a gasifier in the outer casing, wherein, gasification
- the device is made by sintering a metal powder between the central preheating rod and the inner and outer sleeves, and the capillary hole formed by powder metallurgy in the gasifier constitutes a diesel flow passage;
- the gasifier is fixed in the air distribution cylinder, the gasifier
- the distal air distribution cylinder has a long pre-combustion chamber, and the end of the ignition gun is located in the pre-combustion chamber during ignition;
- the combustion air inlet is arranged on the side of the air distribution cylinder, and the combustion air passage is between the gasifier and the distribution air cylinder;
- the oil inlet pipe includes a preheating ring disposed at a distal end of the air distribution device near the nozzle
- Chinese patent CN200810084165.6 discloses a two-stage flame generator, which comprises: a first-stage flame generator consisting of an igniter, an oil inlet pipe and a gasifier in an outer casing, an axial concentric set in the first stage flame generator a second stage flame generator in the central ventilator; a gasifier of the first stage flame generator is fixed in the air distribution cylinder, and a long pre-combustion chamber is arranged in the air distribution cylinder at the distal end of the gasifier; At the axial center of the gasifier of the stage flame generator, there is a circular hole for placing the second stage flame generator and at the same time the inlet passage of the partial combustion air.
- the guide cylinder of the second stage is located in the guide cylinder when the first stage flame generator is ignited, and is ignited and protrudes to the pulverized coal burner nozzle of the outer casing. Summary of the invention
- the gasification oil burner according to the present invention comprises a first stage gasification flame generator, wherein the first stage gasification flame generator comprises a gasifier, a distribution cylinder, a gasifier inlet pipe, an atomization nozzle, and An igniter, wherein the gasifier is disposed inside the air distribution cylinder, and the gasifier inlet pipe is connected with the gasifier for conveying fuel to the gasifier; the atomizing nozzle is installed in the air distribution cylinder and passes through the oil pipe and gasification Connected, and an atomizing nozzle for atomizing and ejecting liquid fuel from the gasifier and for ejecting vaporized fuel from the gasifier; the igniter is inserted into the air distribution cylinder for igniting the atomizing nozzle Squirted fuel.
- the first stage gasification flame generator comprises a gasifier, a distribution cylinder, a gasifier inlet pipe, an atomization nozzle, and An igniter, wherein the gasifier is disposed inside the air distribution cylinder, and the gasifier inlet pipe
- the fuel that is input to the gasifier via the gasifier inlet pipe and then output from the gasifier to the atomizing nozzle is atomized and sprayed by the atomizing nozzle, and the atomized fuel that is ejected is ignited by the igniter.
- the first stage oil flame is ignited; the high temperature flame generated by the first stage oil flame ignites the fuel flowing through the gasifier, and the gasified fuel sprayed from the gasifier through the atomizing nozzle is first stage oil The flame ignites, and then the gasification of the fuel is achieved.
- the atomizing nozzle is disposed upstream of the gasifier with respect to the direction of the air distribution in the air distribution cylinder, and the outlet of the igniter is located near the downstream of the atomizing nozzle.
- the gasification oil burner further comprises a second-stage gasification flame generator, wherein the fuel of the second-stage gasification flame generator generates heat and flame in the fuel combustion of the first-stage gasification flame generator It is vaporized and ignited under the action.
- the second stage gasification flame generator comprises a gasification oil gun and a gasification oil gun inlet pipe.
- the second stage gasification flame generator may further include a fire guide, and the air distribution cylinder is installed in the fire guide.
- the gasification oil gun extends from the center of the inlet of the air distribution duct through the atomizing nozzle into the fire guide.
- the gas gun head of the gasification oil gun is close to the outlet of the gas cylinder, and the gasification oil gun inlet pipe is connected to the gasification oil gun at the opposite end of the gasification oil gun and the oil gun head.
- the gasifier is composed of an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve, and the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the inner sleeve, and the metal powder is sintered between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, so that the gasifier has high gasification efficiency. And flame retardant, safe and reliable.
- the gasification oil gun comprises an oil gun head and a gun rod
- the gun rod comprises an inner tube and an outer tube
- the outer tube is sleeved outside the inner tube
- the inner tube and the outer tube are supported by a support member such as a steel wire (preferably 4 steel wires are used) , in the annular space between the inner and outer tubes, on the outer circumference of the inner tube and the inner circumference of the outer tube along the central axis of the barrel.
- a support member such as a steel wire (preferably 4 steel wires are used)
- the inner tube and the outer tube and the support member may be integrally connected to further improve the structural strength of the gun.
- one end of the barrel is connected to the oil gun head, and the other end is connected to the metal hose, and if necessary, the other end is also connected to the elongated sleeve, in which case the metal hose passes through the elongated sleeve.
- the gasification oil gun may also include a rotating sleeve which is designed in an articulated connection with the extension sleeve (by means of a hinge), in which case the metal hose passes through the elongated sleeve and the rotating sleeve.
- the inner tube is internally supported by ribs (especially in the form of a ribbed plate).
- the oil gun head is fitted with four nozzles (especially designed in the form of four small aperture nozzles integrated).
- An internal combustion type burner according to the present invention wherein the above-described gasification oil burner is installed as an ignition source in the internal combustion type burner.
- the gasification oil burner of the present invention not only the first stage high temperature oil flame vaporizes the second stage oil gun, but also the high temperature flue gas formed in the flame tube can significantly increase the week of combustion of the gasification oil gun.
- the boundary temperature can eliminate the phenomenon of ignition and ignition of the cold furnace.
- the gasification oil gun sprays and is designed as an integrated structure of four small-aperture nozzles, eliminating the oil mist horseshoe-shaped distribution defects. If the first-stage oil flame is a diesel flame with a small output, the second-stage oil gun is a heavy-duty heavy and residual oil flame. This combustion mode can significantly improve the combustion efficiency.
- the first stage oil flame is the duty flame of the second stage gasification oil gun, that is, the flame of the second stage oil gun is ignited by the first stage oil flame.
- the visible light fire detection probe can ensure the safety of the entire equipment as long as it can reliably detect the first-stage oil flame.
- the first stage oil flame is completely placed inside the fire tube, it is completely possible to perform fire detection and detection. The oil flame - correspondingly, no peek or misjudgment will occur.
- the peripheral temperature of the ignition end of the ignition gun for igniting the first-stage oil flame is low, so that it is not necessary to provide a pneumatic advance and retreat mechanism for the ignition gun. After the gasification oil gun is extinguished, the combustion air of the first stage oil flame is still partially connected, which has a good protection effect on the gasification oil gun. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a pneumatic advance and retreat mechanism for the gasification oil gun. Therefore, the overall structure of the gasification oil burner is very simple and compact, and the cost is low.
- the gasification oil burner of the invention is mainly used for ignition start and steady combustion of various forms of boilers in various power plants of the electric power industry, and the positive effects are as follows:
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a gasification oil burner in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a gasification oil gun according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may be used as a gas a second stage gasification oil gun of a carburetor burner;
- Figure 3 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view showing the casing shaft of the gasification oil gun according to the present invention
- Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the gun taken along the line M-M of Figure 2 of the gasification oil gun according to the present invention
- Figure 5 is a right side elevational view of the oil gun head of the gasification oil gun according to the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the oil gun head of the gasification oil gun according to the present invention. detailed description
- the gasification oil burner includes a first stage gasification flame generator, first
- the gasification flame generator includes a gasifier 3, a distribution cylinder 4, a gasifier inlet pipe 5, an atomizing nozzle 8, an oil pipe connecting the gasifier 3 and the atomizing nozzle 8, and an igniter 7.
- the first stage gasification flame generator can of course also consist of only these components.
- the gasification oil burner may further include a gasification oil gun 6 and a gasification oil gun inlet pipe 1, which constitute a second stage gasification flame generator.
- the gasifier 3 is disposed inside the air distribution cylinder 4, and is preferably integrally connected to the air distribution cylinder 4.
- the gasifier inlet pipe 5 is connected to the gasifier 3 for delivering fuel to the gasifier 3.
- the atomizing nozzle 8 is housed in the air distribution cylinder 4 and connected to the gasifier 3 through an oil pipe, and the atomizing nozzle 8 is preferably disposed upstream of the gasifier 3.
- the atomizing nozzle 8 (initially) atomizes and ejects fuel from the gasifier 3, or (after a certain period of time the first stage oil flame is on), ejects oil and gas from the gasifier 3.
- the igniter 7 is inserted into the air distribution cylinder 4, preferably the outlet of the igniter 7 is located near the downstream of the atomizing nozzle 8 in the axial direction of the gasification oil burner (here, the upper and lower sides are burned with respect to the vaporized oil)
- the overall direction of fuel delivery in the device, or relative to the direction of the air distribution in the air distribution cylinder, is from left to right in Figure 1.
- the gasification oil gun 6, as the second-stage gasification oil gun of the gasification oil burner, extends from the inlet center of the distribution cylinder 4 through the atomizing nozzle 8 into the fire guide 2, and the oil of the gasification oil gun 6 The tip of the gun is near the outlet of the torch 2.
- the gasification oil gun inlet pipe 1 is connected to the gasification oil gun 6 at the end of the gasification oil gun 6 opposite to the oil gun head.
- Gasification oil gun inlet pipe 1 is a gasification oil gun 6 to deliver fuel.
- the gasification oil gun 6 is arranged coaxially with the air distribution cylinder 4.
- the gasification burner can be installed in an internal combustion burner as a source of ignition for the pulverized coal in the primary air.
- the gasification oil burner can also be installed in the secondary air passage instead of the traditional large oil gun, directly igniting the fuel in the furnace, thereby functioning as an oven ignition.
- the second stage gasification flame generator needs to be equipped with a fire guide 2 to prevent the combustion flame of the gasification oil burner from consuming the oxygen of the secondary air in the secondary air passage, and also protecting the secondary air passage. effect.
- the second stage gasification flame generator further includes a fire guide 2.
- the air distribution cylinder 4 is installed in the fire guide 2.
- the air distribution cylinder 4 is arranged coaxially with the fire guide 2.
- the gasifier 3 is composed of a stainless steel inner sleeve and an outer sleeve, and the outer sleeve is fitted outside the inner sleeve, and metal powder (not shown) is sintered between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, thereby
- the gasifier has high gasification efficiency and is flame retardant, safe and reliable.
- the gasifier inlet pipe 5, the gasifier 3, the atomizing nozzle 8, the oil pipe connecting the gasifier 3 and the atomizing nozzle 8 as a whole can be regarded as a first-stage gasification oil gun.
- FIG. 2-6 shows a gasification oil gun of the present invention, which can be used as the second stage gasification oil gun 6 of the gasification oil burner of the present invention (the fuel passes through the first stage gasification flame generator). The heat generated by the combustion of the fuel is vaporized and ignited. It can also be used separately (the fuel is vaporized and ignited by other means of heat generated).
- Figure 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a gasification oil gun according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a portion of a casing shaft of a gasification oil gun according to the present invention
- Figure 4 is a view showing the gas according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a right side view of the oil gun head of the gasification oil gun according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing the gas gun of the gasification oil gun according to the present invention; An enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the oil gun head.
- the gasification oil gun 6 includes a grease gun head and a gun shaft, wherein one end of the gun rod is connected to the oil gun head and the other end is connected to the elongated sleeve 606.
- the gasification oil gun 6 may also include a rotating sleeve 607 (shown in Figure 3) as necessary.
- the elongated sleeve 606 and the rotating sleeve 607 are primarily used as guides and supports for the gasification oil gun 6 in the non-flame zone. In view of the fact that the gasification oil gun 6 has a relatively long length, it may be limited by the effective space in front of the furnace during replacement.
- the rotating sleeve 607 and the elongated sleeve 606 are designed to be hinged (through the hinge 609) (see Fig. 3).
- the rotating sleeve 607 can be rotated 90° downward so that the rotating sleeve 607 can be easily replaced at right angles to the elongated sleeve 606.
- a metal hose 608 is passed through the elongated sleeve 606 and the rotating sleeve 607 to be coupled to the other end of the barrel to supply fuel to the gasification gun 6.
- the sleeve 606 and the rotating sleeve 607 may not be lengthened.
- the gun rod adopts an inner and outer tube set structure, and the inner tube 611 and the outer tube 612 are supported by a steel wire 610 (preferably 4 steel wires are used, and the outer circumference of the inner tube and the inner circumference of the outer tube are along the central axis of the gun rod)
- the upper portion is evenly arranged in the annular space between the inner and outer tubes.
- the inner and outer tubes are connected to each other by wires.
- the inner tube 611 can be supported internally by a rib 613 (preferably in the form of a cross rib).
- the annular space between the inner tube 611 and the outer tube 612 circulates fuel, so that the fuel has the largest heating surface and is closest to the heat source, and can obtain the largest Gasification efficiency.
- the gun head of the gasification oil gun 6 is equipped with a grease gun head, and a spherical sealing seat 603 is mounted in the gun head to achieve the sealing between the gun shaft and the oil gun head.
- the oil gun head is equipped with four nozzles 601, and its output and atomization angle can be adjusted according to actual needs.
- the use of four small aperture nozzle integrated forms not only eliminates the shortcomings of the single large aperture nozzle oil mist horseshoe shape distribution, but also reduces the oil mist particle size at the time of initial atomization combustion.
- the four nozzles 601 are hooked on the end face of the oil gun head, and a nozzle seat 604 is formed on the end face, and the nozzle 601 is sealingly mounted in the nozzle holder 604 through the gasket 602.
- the working process of the gasification oil burner according to this embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
- a fuel such as No. 0 diesel oil is supplied to the gasifier 3 through the gasifier inlet pipe 5, and is output from the gasifier 3 in an initial working state.
- the liquid fuel to the atomizing nozzle 8 is atomized and ejected through the atomizing nozzle 8, and the ejected atomized fuel is ignited by the electric spark emitted from the igniter 7 to form a first stage oil flame.
- the combustion air is introduced into the air distribution cylinder 4 through the inlet of the air distribution cylinder 4 to promote stable combustion of the first stage oil flame.
- the first stage oil flame is ignited for a certain period of time.
- the high temperature flame rapidly vaporizes the diesel oil flowing through the gasifier 3, and at this time, the hot oil and gas is injected from the gasifier 3 via the atomizing nozzle 8.
- the first-stage oil flame changes from the initial oil mist combustion to oil and gas combustion.
- the gasification oil gun 6 passes through the distribution cylinder 4, so that the first stage oil flame also heats the fuel flowing through the gasification oil gun 6 during the transmission in the fire guide 2, so that it partially or completely vaporizes, and thus The gasification combustion of the gasification oil gun 6 is achieved.
- the combustion efficiency of diesel fuel is inversely proportional to the square of its atomization particle size. The smaller the atomization particle size, the higher the combustion efficiency.
- the fuel atomization particle size is 0.13mm
- the gasification particle size is axlO- 5 mm. Obviously, the gasification combustion efficiency is undoubtedly much higher than the atomization combustion efficiency.
- the working process of the gasification oil gun 6 is as follows: The fuel is delivered from the metal hose 608 to the annular space between the inner and outer tubes of the gun. Since the gun is in a high temperature flame, the fuel flowing in the inner and outer tube interlayers will It is partially or completely vaporized, and then ejected by the nozzle 601, thereby achieving gasification combustion of the gasification oil gun.
Description
气化油燃烧器和包括气化油燃烧器的内燃式燃烧器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种气化油燃烧器和包括该气化油燃烧器的内燃式燃 烧器。 背景技术
对于电力行业各火力发电厂各种形式锅炉的冷炉点火启动和稳 燃， 传统采用雾化燃油的方式进行点火。
普通的机械雾化燃油方式在冷炉点火启动时， 由于出力较大时， 其喷咀孔径 > 5mm，此时其雾化粒度比较大，而且油雾成马蹄形分布， 也就是油雾都集中在 80。左右的雾锥的锥边附近， 雾雉的中心部位油 雾很少， 此时雾锥边缘周界温度又很低， 所以燃烧很不充分， 必然会 冒黑烟， 即浪费能源又污染环境。
中国专利 CN200810006972.6公开一种新型火焰发生器， 它包括： 由后端机罩、 中部风箱和前部配风筒构成的外壳及外壳内的点火枪、 进油管和气化器， 其中， 气化器是由中心预热棒和内外套管之间填充 金属粉末进行烧结而成， 气化器内粉末冶金形成的毛细孔构成柴油流 经通路； 气化器固定在配风筒内， 气化器远端的配风筒内有较长预燃 室，点火枪端部在点火时位于预燃室内； 配风筒侧面设有助燃风进口， 气化器与配风筒之间为助燃风通道； 进油管包括在配风器远端靠近其 喷口处内设的预热环， 燃油先经过预热环再进入气化器， 由气化器远 端喷出。
中国专利 CN200810084165.6公开一种两级火焰发生器， 它包括： 外壳、 外壳内的由点火枪、 进油管和气化器组成的一级火焰发生器、 轴向同心套装在第一级火焰发生器的中心通风筒内的第二级火焰发生 器； 第一级火焰发生器的气化器固定在配风筒内， 气化器远端的配风 筒内有较长预燃室； 所述一级火焰发生器的气化器轴向中心处， 有一 用于放置第二级火焰发生器、 同时又是部分助燃风的进风通道的圆孔
的导向筒； 第二级火焰发生器在第一级火焰发生器点燃时位于所述导 向筒内， 点燃后伸出到外壳的煤粉燃烧器喷口处。 发明内容
本发明的目的是， 提供一种气化油燃烧器和包括该气化油燃烧器 的内燃式燃烧器， 借以实现燃油的气化燃烧， 达到提高的燃油燃烧效 率， 既节省能源又保护环境。
按本发明的气化油燃烧器， 包括第一级气化火焰发生器， 其中， 第一级气化火焰发生器包括气化器、 配风筒、 气化器进油管、 雾化喷 咀和点火枪， 其中， 气化器设置在配风筒的内部， 气化器进油管与气 化器连接用于向气化器输送燃油； 雾化喷咀装在配风筒中并通过油管 与气化器连接， 并且雾化喷咀用于雾化和喷出来自气化器的液态燃油 以及用于喷出来自气化器的气化燃油； 点火枪插入配风筒中， 用于点 燃雾化喷咀喷出的燃油。 在初始的工作状态， 经由气化器进油管输入 气化器并进而从气化器输出到雾化喷咀的燃油由雾化喷咀雾化并喷 出， 喷出的雾化燃油被点火枪点燃形成第一级油火焰； 第一级油火焰 着火产生的高温火焰将流经气化器内的燃油气化， 从气化器经由雾化 喷咀喷出的气化燃油被第一级油火焰点燃， 从而接着实现燃油的气化 燃烧。
优选地， 相对于配风筒内配风的方向而言， 雾化喷咀设置在气化 器的上游， 点火枪的出口位于雾化喷咀的下游附近。
优选地， 所述气化油燃烧器还包括第二级气化火焰发生器， 该第 二级气化火焰发生器的燃油在第一级气化火焰发生器的燃油燃烧所产 生热量和火焰的作用下被气化和点燃。
优选地，第二级气化火焰发生器包括气化油枪和气化油枪进油管。 第二级气化火焰发生器还可以包括导火筒， 配风筒安装在导火筒中。
优选地， 气化油枪从配风筒的入口中心穿过雾化喷咀伸入导火筒 中。 气化油枪的油枪头靠近导火筒的出口， 气化油枪进油管在气化油 枪与油枪头相反的端部与气化油枪连接。
优选地， 气化器由内套管和外套管组成， 外套管套装在内套管的 外部， 在内套管和外套管之间烧结金属粉末， 从而气化器具有很高的 气化效率， 而且阻燃防爆， 安全可靠。
优选地， 气化油枪包括油枪头和枪杆， 枪杆包括内管和外管， 外 管套装在内管的外部， 内管和外管之间用支撑件比如钢丝支撑 （优选 采用 4根钢丝， 沿枪杆的中心轴线方向在内管外圆周、 外管内圆周上 均匀地布置在内、 外管之间的环形空间中）。 在此， 内管和外管与支撑 件还可以连成一体， 以进一步提高枪杆的结构强度。
优选地， 枪杆的一端与油枪头连接， 另一端与金属软管连接， 必 要时另一端还与加长套管连接，在这种情况下金属软管穿过加长套管。 必要时， 气化油枪还可以包括转动套管， 转动套管与加长套管设计成 铰接连接形式（通过铰链实现），在这种情况下金属软管穿过加长套管 和转动套管。
优选地，内管在内部用筋板支撑（特别是设计为十字筋板的形式）。 优选地， 油枪头安装有 4个喷咀（特别是设计为 4个小孔径喷咀 集成的形式）。
按本发明的内燃式燃烧器， 其中， 在该内燃式燃烧器中作为点火 源安装有上述的气化油燃烧器。
在本发明的气化油燃烧器中， 不仅第一级高温油火焰使第二级油 枪气化， 而且在导火筒内形成的高温烟气又可显著提高气化油枪的燃 烧时的周界温度， 所以能消除冷炉点火冒烟现象， 而且， 气化油枪喷 p且设计为 4个小孔径喷咀集成式结构， 消除了油雾马蹄形分布缺陷。 第一级油火焰若为小出力的柴油火焰， 则第二级油枪为大出力的重、 渣油火焰， 这种燃烧方式， 其燃烧效率得以显著提高。
在本发明的气化油燃烧器中， 由于第一级油火焰是第二级气化油 枪的值班火焰， 也就是说， 第二级油枪的火焰是依赖于第一级油火焰 点燃的， 这能确保第二级油枪的安全运行。 因此， 可见光火检探头只 要能可靠检测第一级油火焰即可保证整个设备的安全性。 此外， 由于 第一级油火焰完全置于导火筒之内， 因此完全可以做到火检与被检测
的油火焰——对应， 不会发生偷看或误判。
此外， 在本发明的气化油燃烧器中， 用于点燃第一级油火焰的点 火枪发火端的周界温度很低， 因此可以无须为点火枪设置气动进退机 构。 气化油枪灭火后， 由于第一级油火焰灭火后其助燃风仍然部分在 通着， 对气化油枪具有很好的防护作用， 因此也可以无须为气化油枪 设置气动进退机构， 因此， 气化油燃烧器的整体结构非常简单紧凑， 成本很低。
本发明的气化油燃烧器主要用于电力行业各火力发电厂各种形式 锅炉的点火启动和稳燃， 所产生的积极效果为：
( 1 )冷炉点火启动时不冒黑烟， 火焰刚度大， 温度高， 白亮， 燃 烧效率很高；
( 2 )相邻油火焰的可见光火检不会偷看或误判， 安全运行的可靠 性 4艮高。 附图说明
下面借助附图结合本发明的优选实施例对本发明的特征和优点进 行详细的描述。 其中：
图 1示出按本发明的一个实施例的气化油燃烧器纵向剖视图； 图 2示出按本发明的一个实施例的气化油枪的纵向剖面图， 该气 化油枪可用作气化油燃烧器的第二级气化油枪；
图 3示出按本发明的气化油枪的套管转轴局部的放大剖面图； 图 4示出按本发明的气化油枪的沿图 2中线 M-M截取的枪杆截 面图；
图 5示出按本发明的气化油枪的油枪头的右视图； 以及
图 6示出按本发明的气化油枪的油枪头局部的放大剖面图。 具体实施方式
在图 1中以纵向剖视图示出按本发明一个实施例的气化油燃烧器 结构。 如图 1所示， 气化油燃烧器包括第一级气化火焰发生器， 第一
级气化火焰发生器包括气化器 3、 配风筒 4、 气化器进油管 5、 雾化喷 咀 8、 连接气化器 3与雾化喷咀 8的油管、 和点火枪 7。 第一级气化火 焰发生器当然也可以只由这些部件组成。 气化油燃烧器还可以包括气 化油枪 6和气化油枪进油管 1， 它们构成第二级气化火焰发生器。
气化器 3设置在配风筒 4的内部， 优选与配风筒 4连接为一体。 气化器进油管 5与气化器 3连接用于向气化器 3输送燃油。 雾化喷咀 8装在配风筒 4中并通过油管与气化器 3连接， 并且雾化喷咀 8优选 设置在气化器 3的上游。 雾化喷咀 8 (起初）将来自气化器 3的燃油 雾化和喷出， 或者 （在第一级油火焰着火一定时间之后）将来自气化 器 3的油气喷出。 点火枪 7插入配风筒 4中， 优选点火枪 7的出口在 气化油燃烧器的轴向方向上位于雾化喷咀 8的下游附近（在此， 上、 下游是相对于气化油燃烧器中燃油总体输送方向或者说相对于配风筒 内配风的方向而言的， 在图 1中为从左向右的方向）。 气化油枪 6， 作 为气化油燃烧器的第二级气化油枪， 从配风筒 4的入口中心穿过雾化 喷咀 8伸入导火筒 2中， 气化油枪 6的油枪头靠近导火筒 2的出口。 气化油枪进油管 1在气化油枪 6的与油枪头相反的端部与气化油枪 6 连接。 气化油枪进油管 1为气化油枪 6输送燃油。 优选地， 气化油枪 6与配风筒 4同轴地布置。
该气化油燃烧器既可以安装在内燃式燃烧器中， 作为燃烧器的点 火源点燃一次风中的煤粉。 该气化油燃烧器也可以安装在二次风道中 代替传统的大油枪， 直接在炉膛点燃燃油，从而起到烘炉点火的作用。 在后一情况下， 第二级气化火焰发生器需要安装有导火筒 2, 避免气 化油燃烧器的燃烧火焰消耗二次风道中二次风的氧， 同时也对二次风 道起保护作用。 针对后一情况， 按照本发明的一个实施例， 第二级气 化火焰发生器还包括导火筒 2。 配风筒 4安装在导火筒 2中。 优选地， 配风筒 4与导火筒 2同轴地布置。
在优选的实施例中， 气化器 3由不锈钢内套管和外套管组成， 外 套管套装在内套管的外部， 在内套管和外套管之间烧结金属粉末（未 示出）， 从而气化器具有很高的气化效率， 而且阻燃防爆， 安全可靠。
在本发明中， 气化器进油管 5、 气化器 3、 雾化喷咀 8、 连接气化 器 3与雾化喷咀 8的油管的总体可看作为第一级气化油枪。
图 2-6示出本发明的气化油枪， 该气化油枪既可以作为本发明气 化油燃烧器的第二级气化油枪 6使用 （燃油通过第一级气化火焰发生 器的燃油燃烧所产生的热量被气化和点燃），也可以单独地使用（燃油 通过其他方式所产生的热量被气化和点燃）。图 2示出按本发明的一个 实施例的气化油枪的纵向剖视图； 图 3示出按本发明的气化油枪的套 管转轴局部的放大剖视图； 图 4示出按本发明的气化油枪的沿图 2中 线 M-M截取的枪杆截面图； 图 5示出按本发明的气化油枪的油枪头 的右视图； 以及， 图 6示出按本发明的气化油枪的油枪头局部的放大 剖视图。
如图 2所示， 气化油枪 6包括油枪头和枪杆， 其中， 枪杆的一端 与油枪头连接， 另一端与加长套管 606连接。 必要时， 气化油枪 6还 可以包括转动套管 607 (如图 3所示）。 加长套管 606和转动套管 607 主要用作气化油枪 6在非火焰区的导向及支撑件。 鉴于气化油枪 6实 际长度比较长， 更换时可能会受到炉前有效空间的限制， 优选将转动 套管 607与加长套管 606设计成铰接 (通过铰链 609 )形式（见图 3 )。 遇到炉前空间狭窄时， 可将转动套管 607 向下旋转 90°， 以使转动套 管 607与加长套管 606成直角即可容易更换。 金属软管 608在加长套 管 606和转动套管 607中穿过、 与枪杆的另一端连接， 为气化油枪 6 供给燃油。 当然， 也可以没有加长套管 606和转动套管 607。
由于此气化油燃烧器工作时要处于内燃式燃烧器或二次风道中， 而且气化油枪又是被高温火焰包裹， 所以枪杆需要有足够刚度。 如图 4所示， 枪杆采用内、 外管套装结构， 内管 611和外管 612之间用钢 丝 610支撑 （优选采用 4根钢丝， 沿枪杆的中心轴线方向在内管外圆 周、 外管内圆周上均匀地布置在内外管之间的环形空间中。 特别是， 内外管通过钢丝彼此连成一体）。内管 611在内部可以用筋板 613支撑 (优选为十字筋板的形式）。 内管 611与外管 612之间的环形空间流通 燃油， 这样燃油的受热面最大， 而且距离热源也最近， 能获取最大的
气化效率。
如图 5、 6所示， 气化油枪 6的枪杆一端安装油枪头， 油枪头中安 装有球形密封座 603， 以实现枪杆与油枪头之间密封的要求。 油枪头 安装有 4个喷咀 601， 其出力及雾化角均可根据实际需要进行调节。 优选地， 采用 4个小孔径喷咀集成形式， 不仅可以消除单个大孔径喷 咀油雾马蹄形分布缺点， 而且最初雾化燃烧时的油雾粒度也可减小。 这四个喷咀 601均勾布置在油枪头的端面上， 在该端面上制有喷咀座 604， 喷咀 601通过密封垫 602密封地安装在喷咀座 604中。
按本发明该实施例的气化油燃烧器的工作过程如下所述， 燃油如 0号柴油经气化器进油管 5输入气化器 3中， 在初始的工作状态， 从 气化器 3输出到雾化喷咀 8的液态燃油经由雾化喷咀 8雾化和喷出， 喷出的雾化燃油该被点火枪 7发出的电火花点燃，形成第一级油火焰。 助燃风经配风筒 4的入口输入配风筒 4中， 促使第一级油火焰的稳定 燃烧。 第一级油火焰着火一定时间， 如 10秒钟后， 其高温火焰迅速将 流经气化器 3内的柴油气化， 此时开始从气化器 3经由雾化喷咀 8喷 射出热油气， 从此第一级油火焰由初始时的油雾燃烧变为油气燃烧。 气化油枪 6穿过配风筒 4， 因此第一级油火焰在导火筒 2内传输过程 中也会加热流经气化油枪 6的燃油， 使其部分或全部气化， 因此也就 实现气化油枪 6的气化燃烧。 众所周知， 柴油的燃烧效率与其雾化粒 度的平方成反比， 雾化粒度越小， 燃烧效率越高。 燃油雾化粒度为 0.13mm, 而气化粒度为 axlO— 5mm， 显然气化燃烧效率无疑会比雾化 燃烧效率高很多。
气化油枪 6的工作过程如下所述： 燃油从金属软管 608输送到枪 杆的内、 外管之间的环形空间中， 由于枪杆处于高温火焰中， 在内外 管夹层中流过的燃油就会被部分或全部气化， 再由喷咀 601喷出， 从 而实现了气化油枪的气化燃烧。
Claims
1. 一种气化油燃烧器， 包括第一级气化火焰发生器， 其特征在 于， 第一级气化火焰发生器包括气化器（3)、 配风筒 （4)、 气化器进 油管 （ 5 ), 雾化喷咀（ 8 )和点火枪（ 7 )， 其中， 气化器（ 3 )设置在 配风筒（4)的内部， 气化器进油管（5)与气化器（3)连接用于向气 化器（3)输送燃油； 雾化喷咀（8)装在配风筒（4) 中并通过油管与 气化器（ 3 )连接， 并且雾化喷咀（ 8 )用于雾化和喷出来自气化器（ 3 ) 的液态燃油以及用于喷出来自气化器 （3) 的气化燃油； 点火枪（7) 插入配风筒 （4) 中， 用于点燃雾化喷咀（8) 喷出的燃油。
2. 如权利要求 1 所述的气化油燃烧器， 其特征在于， 相对于配 风筒（4) 内配风的方向而言， 雾化喷咀（8)设置在气化器（3)的上 游， 点火枪（7) 的出口位于雾化喷咀（8) 的下游附近。
3. 如权利要求 1 所述的气化油燃烧器， 其特征在于， 所述气化 油燃烧器还包括第二级气化火焰发生器， 该第二级气化火焰发生器的 燃油在第一级气化火焰发生器的燃油燃烧所产生热量和火焰的作用下 被气化和点燃。
4. 如权利要求 3 所述的气化油燃烧器， 其特征在于， 第二级气 化火焰发生器包括气化油枪（6)和气化油枪进油管 （ 1 )。
5. 如权利要求 4 所述的气化油燃烧器， 其特征在于， 第二级气 化火焰发生器还包括导火筒 （2)， 配风筒 （4)安装在该导火筒 （2) 中。
6. 如权利要求 5 所述的气化油燃烧器， 其特征在于， 气化油枪 (6)从配风筒（4)的入口中心穿过雾化喷咀（8)伸入导火筒（2)中。
7. 如权利要求 5 所述的气化油燃烧器， 其特征在于， 气化油枪 (6)包括油枪头， 该油枪头靠近导火筒（2)的出口， 气化油枪进油管 ( 1)在气化油枪（6) 与油枪头相反的端部与气化油枪（6)连接。
8. 如权利要求 1至 7 中任一项所述的气化油燃烧器， 其特征在 于， 气化器（3)由内套管和外套管组成，外套管套装在内套管的外部， 在内套管和外套管之间烧结金属粉末。
9. 如权利要求 4至 7 中任一项所述的气化油燃烧器， 其特征在 于， 气化油枪（6)包括油枪头和枪杆， 枪杆的一端与油枪头连接， 另 一端与金属软管（ 608)连接， 所述枪杆的另一端还与加长套管（ 606) 连接， 金属软管 （ 608) 穿过加长套管 （ 606)。
10. 如权利要求 9所述的气化油燃烧器， 其特征在于， 气化油枪 ( 6 )还包括转动套管（ 607 ), 金属软管（ 18 )穿过加长套管（ 606 )和 转动套管（ 607 )， 转动套管（ 607 )与加长套管（ 606 )通过铰链 ( 609 ) 连接， 使得转动套管 （ 607) 能够绕铰链轴转动成与加长套管 （ 606) 成直角。
11. 如权利要求 9所述的气化油燃烧器， 其特征在于， 气化油枪 (6) 的枪杆包括内管 （611)和外管 （612)， 外管 （612) 套装在内管 (611) 的外部， 内管 （611)和外管 （612)之间用支撑件支撑。
12. 如权利要求 11所述的气化油燃烧器， 其特征在于， 所述支撑 件是钢丝， 并且采用四根钢丝， 这四根钢丝沿枪杆的中心轴线方向在 内管外圆周、外管内圆周上均匀地布置在内、外管之间的环形空间中， 内管 （611)和外管 （612) 与钢丝连成一体。
13. 如权利要求 11所述的气化油燃烧器，其特征在于，内管（611) 在内部用十字筋板（613) 支撑。
14. 如权利要求 9所述的气化油燃烧器， 其特征在于， 油枪头安 装有 4个喷咀（ 611 )， 所述 4个喷咀（ 611 )设计为 4个小孔径喷咀集 成的形式。
15. 一种内燃式燃烧器， 其特征在于， 在该内燃式燃烧器中作为 点火源安装有如权利要求 1至 14之一所述的气化油燃烧器。
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| CN105509043A (zh) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-04-20 | 曾承旺 | 一种燃油气化燃烧器 |
| CN105509043B (zh) * | 2014-09-26 | 2018-12-11 | 盛佳 | 一种燃油气化燃烧器 |
| CN106765081A (zh) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-05-31 | 上海神明控制工程有限公司 | 一种蒸汽雾化油枪枪体组件及其使用方法 |
| CN109210532A (zh) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-15 | 上海华之邦科技股份有限公司 | 一种加强雾化型燃油喷枪 |
| CN110425523A (zh) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-11-08 | 西安航天源动力工程有限公司 | 一种多喷嘴醇基燃烧器 |
| CN110425523B (zh) * | 2019-07-23 | 2024-02-13 | 西安航天源动力工程有限公司 | 一种多喷嘴醇基燃烧器 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN102486309A (zh) | 2012-06-06 |
| CN102486309B (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
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