EP2063035B1 - Construction element and construction obtained, in particular in wood - Google Patents

Construction element and construction obtained, in particular in wood Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2063035B1
EP2063035B1 EP08305815.6A EP08305815A EP2063035B1 EP 2063035 B1 EP2063035 B1 EP 2063035B1 EP 08305815 A EP08305815 A EP 08305815A EP 2063035 B1 EP2063035 B1 EP 2063035B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
construction
wood
block
faces
blocks
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EP08305815.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2063035A1 (en
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Thierry Bourguignon
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/28—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid
    • E04B2/30—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having specially designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/32—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having specially designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E04B2001/3583—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block using permanent tensioning means, e.g. cables or rods, to assemble or rigidify structures (not pre- or poststressing concrete), e.g. by tying them around the structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/025—U-shaped, e.g. brackets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2002/8694—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with hinged spacers allowing the formwork to be collapsed for transport

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction element, more particularly wood.
  • the invention also covers the construction obtained by means of the construction elements according to the invention.
  • US3562991 discloses a construction element according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Wood constructions especially individual houses and mainly office buildings, are more and more sought after for well-known reasons related to the qualities of the wood but which, until recently, were not found with the customers. potential a proportional echo.
  • the wood constructions concerned by the present invention are generally made from panels prepared in the factory, these panels resting on a framework also of wood, mounted from foundations, themselves usually made of concrete.
  • the walls have a wooden panel only to provide support for other products constituting the wall.
  • These panels are equipped with cutouts, possibly pre-arranged, intended to receive in a known manner windows frames, doors, French windows and other frames.
  • This type of structure can be interesting in the case of certain constructions of individual houses because the implementation time is short, compared to that of traditional concrete constructions, blocks and / or bricks.
  • wood interests more and more for all of its qualities. It is known that wood is a very good insulator by itself. In addition, it is waterproof, especially if it receives a coating such as a paint, a stain or varnish.
  • the wood breathes, that is to say it absorbs and releases moisture, depending on the ambient temperature and humidity conditions, which makes it an excellent regulator for the indoor environment, provided that to have a sufficient mass of wood.
  • the wood can be varnished, stained, painted and the wood can directly support a wall covering such as fabric.
  • the wood dampens loudly the noise, which improves the acoustic comfort of the inhabitants of the construction.
  • a wooden construction according to the present invention is to mount massive elements by interlocking so as to avoid nailing operations, screwing, gluing.
  • the hygrometric rate of the machined wood is controlled so that the dimensions resulting from the machining, for this determined hygrometry rate, are identical.
  • the massive elements are therefore strictly the same dimensions at the factory outlet.
  • the bulk elements must be able to be transported with a minimum of volume in order to limit transport costs as far as possible.
  • the present invention aims to propose solid wood building elements, which meet these antinomic needs and which allow the realization of solid wooden wall walls, linked together, to receive additional insulation if necessary, to receive an outer facing also if necessary, to receive interior cladding if necessary also and to integrate the fluid networks, electrical and communications in the wall thus realized.
  • a simple solid element 10 which comprises a single block 12 with an inner face 14 and an outer face 16.
  • each of the faces is made of wood and preferably machined directly in a single piece of wood. Some parts or all the parts constituting each block can be made with other materials than wood.
  • connection and bracing means 18 are interconnected by connection and bracing means 18.
  • connecting and bracing means 18 consist of at least two spacers 20 for the single element and in the preferred embodiment chosen, represented figures 1 and 2 .
  • Each spacer 20 has a U- shaped profile, with two branches 22 and a base 24.
  • the branches of the spacer at least are preferably of metal and circular section to allow rotation.
  • the ends of the two branches 22 are provided at the end with notches 26 of vertical restraint, these notches being projecting in the direction perpendicular to each branch.
  • each branch is provided to cooperate with a hole 28 formed in each of the faces 14 and 16 of the block 12, the diameter of each hole 28. being very slightly less than the diameter of the circular section of each branch to ensure this vertical restraint.
  • Each hole 28 is surmounted in the preferred embodiment retained a housing 30 opening in the upper part and on the inner face, as is well represented on the Figures 2A and 2B .
  • the spacer 20 can thus take two positions, one in which the ends of each branch 22 is partially inserted into the hole 28 and the base 24 is above each housing 30.
  • the two faces 14 and 16 can be displaced in translation relative to each other, the spacers acting as a hinge, as shown in FIGS. Figures 3A, 3B .
  • the faces 14 and 16 can be substantially pressed against each other, thus reducing the gap between the two faces to a minimum, figure 3A .
  • each block 12 includes recesses 32 and tenons 34 to allow the interlocking blocks between them.
  • the block 12 comprises two symmetrical faces 14 and 16, of rectangular shape, the long side being arranged to be arranged horizontally and the short side being provided to be arranged vertically.
  • Each face 14 or 16 comprises on the outside a 34-1S upper tenon and a lower recess 32-1I, along the long sides and a 34-1R rear tenon and a 32-1F shoulder before, along the small sides.
  • Each face 14 or 16 comprises on the inside a lower pin 34-2I and an upper shoulder 32-2S, along the long sides and a pin 34-2F front and a recess 32-2R back, along the small sides.
  • two blocks 12 can cooperate by interlocking by their large and / or small sides.
  • Each stud 34 of a block 12 is adapted to cooperate with the recesses 32 of the block 12 which is superimposed or juxtaposed.
  • each face 14 and 16 is to make each face 14 and 16, from two pieces of wood 14-1 outside, 14-2 inside and 16-1 outside, 16-2 inside , of lesser thickness, assembled by any suitable means such as a screw or in the example shown such as a nailing.
  • the assembly of the blocks thus obtained is staggered in order to simultaneously obtain an offset of the joints, as for the assembly of known masonry products.
  • a profile 40 is advantageously fixed on the receiving support such as a concrete slab or a wood floor and receives the blocks 12.
  • This section 40 has come from folding and comprises a central groove 42 and flanges 44.
  • the groove is provided to receive the posts 34-21 of the faces 14 and 16, while the recesses 32-1I cooperate with the flanges 44.
  • the blocks are thus aligned and maintained from the pose.
  • blocks 800 millimeters long and half-blocks 400 millimeters long are provided.
  • the present invention provides the realization of 12-2 corner blocks.
  • This block comprises two faces 14 and 16 also but they are made in two angular portions arranged at right angles.
  • two pairs of spacers 20 are required, one pair on each of the two angular portions.
  • the angular block has an angular portion of a length equal to half the other angular portion so as to ensure the complement of the half-blocks.
  • a construction mounted from the blocks according to the present invention is shown on the figure 6 .
  • prestressing means 46 are presented according to a particular embodiment on the figure 5 .
  • These means 46 comprise two tie rods 48-1 and 48-2 whose one end 50-1 head is connected to a corner block for example by means of a guillotine 52-1 which is housed in a slot 54-1 arranged for this purpose in said block.
  • the other end 56-1 of the same tie 48-1 is threaded and adapted to cooperate with a turnbuckle 58.
  • Tie 48-2 is symmetrical.
  • prestressing means 46 make it possible to constrain all the blocks arranged between two corner blocks.
  • the tie rods are placed every two rows on one side of the wall and both rows on the adjacent wall section, alternately.
  • the wood construction elements thus obtained allow the establishment in the space between the faces 14 and 16 of an insulating material, pipes, wiring.
  • each face 14, 16 may comprise baffles 56, visible on the figure 1 , arranged along the longitudinal axis.
  • baffles 56 are manufactured with the outer parts 14-1 and 16-1 of the inner and outer faces.
  • a smooth 58 In the upper part, a smooth 58, even figure 4 , provides the finish in the upper part before the possible installation of a roof, which does not directly interest the present invention.
  • Another improvement of the present invention consists in providing block block connection means, using an elastic return means such as a spring. These means are then put in place as and when assembling the blocks by interlocking.
  • Such connecting means may be positioned in addition to or in substitution for the prestressing means 46.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un élément de construction, plus particulièrement en bois.The present invention relates to a construction element, more particularly wood.

L'invention couvre aussi la construction obtenue au moyen des éléments de construction selon l'invention.The invention also covers the construction obtained by means of the construction elements according to the invention.

US3562991 divulgue un élément de construction selon le préambule de la revendication 1. US3562991 discloses a construction element according to the preamble of claim 1.

Les constructions en bois, maison individuelle notamment et locaux à usage de bureaux essentiellement, sont de plus en plus recherchées pour des raisons bien connues liées aux qualités du bois mais qui, jusqu'à une période récente, n'avaient pas trouvé auprès des clients potentiels un écho proportionnel.Wood constructions, especially individual houses and mainly office buildings, are more and more sought after for well-known reasons related to the qualities of the wood but which, until recently, were not found with the customers. potential a proportional echo.

Il existe bien sûr la maison brut de bois réalisée directement à partir de rondins, lesdits rondins étant imbriqués les uns dans les autres, avec un style purement canadien.There is, of course, a rough house of wood made directly from logs, said logs being intertwined with each other, with a purely Canadian style.

Ce type de construction bois n'intéresse pas la présente invention.This type of wood construction does not interest the present invention.

Les constructions bois concernées par la présente invention sont généralement réalisées à partir de panneaux préparés en usine, ces panneaux s'appuyant sur une ossature également en bois, montée à partir de fondations, elles-mêmes généralement en béton.The wood constructions concerned by the present invention are generally made from panels prepared in the factory, these panels resting on a framework also of wood, mounted from foundations, themselves usually made of concrete.

Ce type de construction bois n'a donc qu'une faible partie réellement en bois puisque les panneaux sont de faible épaisseur et utilisent les matériaux modernes pour assurer une protection contre la pluie et une isolation thermique par apposition de plaques de matériaux isolants contre lesdits panneaux de bois.This type of wood construction therefore has only a small part actually of wood since the panels are thin and use modern materials to provide protection against rain and thermal insulation by affixing insulating material plates against said panels Of wood.

Les murs ne disposent d'un panneau en bois que pour assurer un support des autres produits constitutifs du mur.The walls have a wooden panel only to provide support for other products constituting the wall.

Ces panneaux sont équipés de découpes, éventuellement pré-aménagées, destinées à recevoir de façon connue des châssis de fenêtres, de portes, de portes-fenêtres et d'autres huisseries.These panels are equipped with cutouts, possibly pre-arranged, intended to receive in a known manner windows frames, doors, French windows and other frames.

Ce type de structure peut être intéressante dans le cas de certaines constructions de maisons individuelles car les temps de mise en oeuvre sont courts, comparés à ceux des constructions traditionnelles en béton, parpaings et/ou briques.This type of structure can be interesting in the case of certain constructions of individual houses because the implementation time is short, compared to that of traditional concrete constructions, blocks and / or bricks.

De plus, une telle construction en bois est moins soumise aux aléas des intempéries car une grande partie est réalisée en usine et requiert sur chantier essentiellement du montage.In addition, such a wooden construction is less subject to the vagaries of bad weather because much of it is done in the factory and requires on site essentially assembly.

De fait, on comprend que ce type de construction de l'art antérieur est loin de permettre aux habitants de bénéficier des avantages du bois qu'ils ne voient pas puisqu'il s'agit essentiellement d'une ossature bois. A l'extérieur, il faut un parement, à clins par exemple et à l'intérieur, il faut, en plus de l'isolant, un support de finition interne soit pré-décoré, soit à décorer.In fact, it is understood that this type of construction of the prior art is far from allowing residents to enjoy the benefits of wood they do not see since it is essentially a timber frame. On the outside, a cladding is required, for example, and inside, it is necessary, in addition to the insulation, an internal finishing support either pre-decorated or to decorate.

Or, on sait que le bois intéresse de plus en plus pour l'ensemble de ses qualités. Il est connu que le bois est un très bon isolant par lui-même. De plus, il est étanche, surtout s'il reçoit un revêtement tel qu'une peinture, une lasure ou un vernis.However, we know that wood interests more and more for all of its qualities. It is known that wood is a very good insulator by itself. In addition, it is waterproof, especially if it receives a coating such as a paint, a stain or varnish.

Le bois respire, c'est-à-dire qu'il absorbe et relâche de l'humidité, en fonction des conditions de température et d'hygrométrie ambiantes, ce qui en fait un excellent régulateur pour l'ambiance intérieure, ceci à condition de disposer d'une masse de bois suffisante.The wood breathes, that is to say it absorbs and releases moisture, depending on the ambient temperature and humidity conditions, which makes it an excellent regulator for the indoor environment, provided that to have a sufficient mass of wood.

Les variations de température et d'hygrométrie sont ainsi fortement régulées. En intérieur, le bois peut être vernis, lasuré, peint et le bois peut supporter directement un revêtement mural tel que du tissu.Variations in temperature and hygrometry are thus strongly regulated. Indoors, the wood can be varnished, stained, painted and the wood can directly support a wall covering such as fabric.

Acoustiquement aussi, le bois amortit fortement les bruits, ce qui améliore le confort acoustique des habitants de la construction.Acoustically also, the wood dampens loudly the noise, which improves the acoustic comfort of the inhabitants of the construction.

Il existe donc une forte demande pour la réalisation de constructions en bois, notamment la construction de maisons individuelles ou de locaux à usage de bureaux mais réellement en bois massif, de façon à bénéficier de tous les avantages liés au bois.There is therefore a strong demand for the construction of wooden constructions, including the construction of single-family houses or office premises, but actually made of solid wood, so as to benefit from all the advantages associated with wood.

Par contre, les avantages liés au bois du fait de ses propriétés induisent des contraintes lors de la construction.On the other hand, the advantages related to wood because of its properties induce constraints during the construction.

En fonction du pourcentage d'humidité qu'il contient, un élément en bois varie en dimensions de façon relativement importante.Depending on the percentage of humidity it contains, a wooden element varies in dimensions relatively importantly.

Aussi, il faut résoudre deux problèmes antinomiques : ajuster des éléments en bois pour obtenir une construction de qualité avec des joints ajustés mais aussi permettre le montage par emboîtement et compenser les variations dimensionnelles du bois.Also, two antinomic problems have to be solved: adjusting wooden elements to obtain a quality construction with fitted joints but also to allow fitting by fitting and to compensate for the dimensional variations of the wood.

En effet, une construction en bois selon la présente invention consiste à monter des éléments massifs par emboîtement de façon à éviter sur chantier des opérations de clouage, de vissage, de collage.Indeed, a wooden construction according to the present invention is to mount massive elements by interlocking so as to avoid nailing operations, screwing, gluing.

En usine lors de la fabrication des éléments massifs en bois, le taux hygrométrique du bois usiné est contrôlé de façon que les dimensions résultant de l'usinage, pour ce taux d'hygrométrie déterminé, soient identiques.In the factory during the manufacture of solid wood elements, the hygrometric rate of the machined wood is controlled so that the dimensions resulting from the machining, for this determined hygrometry rate, are identical.

Les éléments massifs sont donc strictement aux mêmes dimensions en sortie d'usine.The massive elements are therefore strictly the same dimensions at the factory outlet.

Par contre, ces éléments identiques ne sont pas immédiatement et directement utilisés et quand ils sont mis en oeuvre, ils ne le sont pas dans les mêmes conditions. On comprend que des variations se produisent entre un lot et un autre suivant les conditions, les durées et les qualités de stockage aussi bien au cours de la période après fabrication que durant la phase éventuelle de stockage sur chantier.By cons, these identical elements are not immediately and directly used and when they are implemented, they are not in the same conditions. It is understood that variations occur between one batch and another depending on the conditions, durations and storage qualities both during the period after manufacture and during the eventual phase of storage on site.

De plus, dans les constructions traditionnelles, il est interposé un liant qui permet toujours de compenser les défauts de tolérance, de planéité etc.., ce qui n'existe pas dans le cas des éléments massifs en bois à montage par emboîtement.In addition, in traditional constructions, a binder is used which always makes it possible to compensate for defects in tolerance, flatness, etc., which does not exist in the case of solid wood interlocking elements.

Dans le cas d'un montage par emboîtement, les variations dimensionnelles peuvent compliquer le montage voire aller jusqu'à interdire le montage, ce qui est rédhibitoire.In the case of an assembly by interlocking, dimensional variations can complicate the assembly or even go so far as to prohibit assembly, which is unacceptable.

Une fois les éléments massifs montés, on comprend que le problème est tout à fait différent car il se produit une homogénéisation du degré hygrométrique de la construction réalisée à partir de ces éléments massifs.Once the massive elements are mounted, it is understood that the problem is quite different because there is a homogenization of the hygrometric degree of the construction made from these massive elements.

Les variations dimensionnelles de tous les éléments se produisent alors dans le même sens.The dimensional variations of all the elements then occur in the same direction.

De plus, les éléments massifs doivent pouvoir être transportés avec un minimum de volume afin de limiter les coûts de transport dans la mesure du possible.In addition, the bulk elements must be able to be transported with a minimum of volume in order to limit transport costs as far as possible.

La présente invention vise à proposer des éléments de construction en bois massif, qui répondent à ces besoins antinomiques et qui permettent la réalisation de parois murales massives en bois, liées entre elles, permettant de recevoir une isolation complémentaire si nécessaire, de recevoir un parement extérieur également si nécessaire, de recevoir un parement intérieur si nécessaire aussi et d'intégrer les réseaux fluides, électriques et communications dans la paroi ainsi réalisée.The present invention aims to propose solid wood building elements, which meet these antinomic needs and which allow the realization of solid wooden wall walls, linked together, to receive additional insulation if necessary, to receive an outer facing also if necessary, to receive interior cladding if necessary also and to integrate the fluid networks, electrical and communications in the wall thus realized.

L'élément massif de construction par emboîtement selon la présente invention est maintenant décrit en détail suivant un mode de réalisation particulier, non limitatif, en regard des dessins annexés, dessins sur lesquels les différentes figures représentent :

  • figure 1 : une vue en perspective d'un élément massif simple selon la présente invention, selon une premier angle.
  • figures 2A et 2B : deux vues en perspective d'un élément simple selon la présente invention, avec les moyens de liaison dans une position d'attente et dans une position de blocage.
  • figures 3A et 3B : deux vues en perspective montrant un élément simple selon l'invention en position transport/stockage, et en position prête à assembler par emboîtement,
  • figure 4 : une vue en perspective montrant une superposition d'éléments formant une paroi,
  • figure 5 : une vue d'un élément d'angle selon la présente invention, et
  • figure 6 : une vue d'une construction réalisée à partir des éléments selon la présente invention.
The massive element of interlocking construction according to the present invention is now described in detail according to a particular, non-limiting embodiment, with reference to the appended drawings, drawings in which the different figures represent:
  • figure 1 : a perspective view of a single solid element according to the present invention, at a first angle.
  • Figures 2A and 2B two perspective views of a single element according to the present invention, with the connecting means in a waiting position and in a locking position.
  • Figures 3A and 3B two perspective views showing a simple element according to the invention in the transport / storage position, and in the ready position to be assembled by interlocking,
  • figure 4 : a perspective view showing a superposition of elements forming a wall,
  • figure 5 : a view of a corner element according to the present invention, and
  • figure 6 : a view of a construction made from the elements according to the present invention.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté un élément 10 simple, massif, qui comprend un bloc 12 simple avec une face 14 intérieure et une face 16 extérieure.On the figure 1 a simple solid element 10 is shown which comprises a single block 12 with an inner face 14 and an outer face 16.

Dans le mode de réalisation présenté, chacune des faces est réalisée en bois et de préférence usinée directement dans une pièce de bois unique. Certaines parties voire l'intégralité des parties constituant chaque bloc peuvent être réalisés avec d'autres matériaux que le bois.In the embodiment shown, each of the faces is made of wood and preferably machined directly in a single piece of wood. Some parts or all the parts constituting each block can be made with other materials than wood.

Ces deux faces 14, 16 sont reliées entre elles par des moyens 18 de liaison et d'entretoisement.These two faces 14, 16 are interconnected by connection and bracing means 18.

Ces moyens 18 de liaison et d'entretoisement sont constitués d'au moins deux entretoises 20 pour l'élément simple et dans le mode de réalisation préférentiel retenu, représenté figures 1 et 2.These connecting and bracing means 18 consist of at least two spacers 20 for the single element and in the preferred embodiment chosen, represented figures 1 and 2 .

Chaque entretoise 20 présente un profil en U, avec deux branches 22 et une base 24. Les branches de l'entretoise au moins sont de préférence en métal et à section circulaire pour autoriser une rotation.Each spacer 20 has a U- shaped profile, with two branches 22 and a base 24. The branches of the spacer at least are preferably of metal and circular section to allow rotation.

Les extrémités des deux branches 22 sont munies en extrémité de crans 26 de retenue verticale, ces crans étant en saillie dans la direction perpendiculaire à chaque branche.The ends of the two branches 22 are provided at the end with notches 26 of vertical restraint, these notches being projecting in the direction perpendicular to each branch.

Ces crans 26 de chaque branche sont prévus pour coopérer avec un trou 28 ménagés dans chacune des faces 14 et 16 du bloc 12, le diamètre de chaque trou 28 étant très légèrement inférieur au diamètre de la section circulaire de chaque branche pour assurer cette retenue verticale.These notches 26 of each branch are provided to cooperate with a hole 28 formed in each of the faces 14 and 16 of the block 12, the diameter of each hole 28. being very slightly less than the diameter of the circular section of each branch to ensure this vertical restraint.

Chaque trou 28 est surmonté dans le mode de réalisation préférentiel retenu d'un logement 30 débouchant en partie supérieure et en face intérieure, comme cela est bien représenté sur les figures 2A et 2B.Each hole 28 is surmounted in the preferred embodiment retained a housing 30 opening in the upper part and on the inner face, as is well represented on the Figures 2A and 2B .

L'entretoise 20 peut ainsi prendre deux positions l'une dans laquelle, les extrémités de chaque branche 22 est partiellement introduite dans le trou 28 et la base 24 est au-dessus de chaque logement 30.The spacer 20 can thus take two positions, one in which the ends of each branch 22 is partially inserted into the hole 28 and the base 24 is above each housing 30.

De fait, les deux faces 14 et 16 peuvent être déplacées en translation l'une par rapport à l'autre, les entretoises jouant un rôle de charnière, comme montré sur les figures 3A, 3B.In fact, the two faces 14 and 16 can be displaced in translation relative to each other, the spacers acting as a hinge, as shown in FIGS. Figures 3A, 3B .

De fait, les faces 14 et 16 peuvent être sensiblement plaquées l'une contre l'autre, réduisant ainsi l'intervalle entre les deux faces à son minimum, figure 3A.In fact, the faces 14 and 16 can be substantially pressed against each other, thus reducing the gap between the two faces to a minimum, figure 3A .

Si les faces sont déplacées en translation dans l'autre sens pour les positionner avec les entretoises 20 perpendiculaires au plan desdites faces, alors l'intervalle est maximal, figure 3B.If the faces are displaced in translation in the other direction to position them with the spacers 20 perpendicular to the plane of said faces, then the interval is maximal, figure 3B .

Dans ce dernier cas, figure 3B, les branches 22 et la base 24 sont au droit des logements 30. Il est alors possible d'enfoncer intégralement les extrémités des branches 22 et de faire pénétrer les crans 26 dans les trous 28. Simultanément, la base 24 de chaque entretoise coulisse dans le logement 30, en translation.In this last case, figure 3B , the branches 22 and the base 24 are at the right of the housing 30. It is then possible to fully push the ends of the branches 22 and to make penetrate the notches 26 in the holes 28. Simultaneously, the base 24 of each spacer slides in the housing 30, in translation.

Dans cette position, représentée sur la figure 3B, on comprend que les deux faces sont immobilisées en translation l'une par rapport à l'autre car les bases 24 de chaque entretoise sont bloquées en rotation dans les logements 30, au jeu près puisqu'il s'agit d'une pièce métallique et d'une pièce bois.In this position, represented on the figure 3B it will be understood that the two faces are immobilized in translation relative to each other because the bases 24 of each spacer are locked in rotation in the housings 30, with the clearance since it is a metal part and a piece of wood.

Dans cette configuration des branches 22 enfoncées dans les trous 28 et de la base 24 bloquée dans les logements 30, il est impossible de revenir à la position représentée sur la figure 3A.In this configuration of the branches 22 driven into the holes 28 and the base 24 blocked in the housings 30, it is impossible to return to the position represented on the figure 3A .

Ainsi que montré sur les figures 1, 2 et 3, chaque bloc 12 comprend des décrochements 32 et des tenons 34 pour permettre les emboîtements des blocs entre eux.As shown on the figures 1 , 2 and 3 each block 12 includes recesses 32 and tenons 34 to allow the interlocking blocks between them.

Le bloc 12 comprend deux faces 14 et 16 symétriques, de forme rectangulaire, le grand côté étant prévu pour être disposé horizontalement et le petit côté étant prévu pour être disposé verticalement.The block 12 comprises two symmetrical faces 14 and 16, of rectangular shape, the long side being arranged to be arranged horizontally and the short side being provided to be arranged vertically.

Chaque face 14 ou 16 comprend sur l'extérieur un tenon 34-1S supérieur et un décrochement 32-1I inférieur, le long des grands côtés ainsi qu'un tenon 34-1R arrière et un décrochement 32-1F avant, le long des petits côtés.Each face 14 or 16 comprises on the outside a 34-1S upper tenon and a lower recess 32-1I, along the long sides and a 34-1R rear tenon and a 32-1F shoulder before, along the small sides.

Chaque face 14 ou 16 comprend sur l'intérieur un tenon 34-2I inférieur et un décrochement 32-2S supérieur, le long des grands côtés ainsi qu'un tenon 34-2F avant et un décrochement 32-2R arrière, le long des petits côtés.Each face 14 or 16 comprises on the inside a lower pin 34-2I and an upper shoulder 32-2S, along the long sides and a pin 34-2F front and a recess 32-2R back, along the small sides.

Ceci est visible sur la figure 1 plus particulièrement.This is visible on the figure 1 more particularly.

Ainsi deux blocs 12 peuvent coopérer par emboîtement par leurs grands et/ou leurs petits côtés.Thus two blocks 12 can cooperate by interlocking by their large and / or small sides.

Chaque tenon 34 d'un bloc 12 est adapté pour coopérer avec les décrochements 32 du bloc 12 qui lui est superposé ou juxtaposé.Each stud 34 of a block 12 is adapted to cooperate with the recesses 32 of the block 12 which is superimposed or juxtaposed.

Afin de réaliser ces tenons et décrochements, il est possible d'utiliser des blocs de bois massif usinés mais le prix de revient est alors nécessairement élevé.In order to achieve these tenons and recesses, it is possible to use machined solid blocks of wood but the cost price is then necessarily high.

De fait du coût et de la rareté croissante de bois massif, une solution consiste à réaliser chaque face 14 et 16, à partir de deux pièces de bois 14-1 extérieure, 14-2 intérieure et 16-1 extérieure, 16-2 intérieure, de moindre épaisseur, assemblées par tout moyen adapté tel qu'un vissage ou dans l'exemple représenté tel qu'un clouage.Due to the increasing cost and scarcity of solid wood, one solution is to make each face 14 and 16, from two pieces of wood 14-1 outside, 14-2 inside and 16-1 outside, 16-2 inside , of lesser thickness, assembled by any suitable means such as a screw or in the example shown such as a nailing.

Le montage des blocs ainsi obtenu s'effectue en quinconce afin d'obtenir simultanément un décalage des joints, comme pour le montage des produits de maçonnerie connus.The assembly of the blocks thus obtained is staggered in order to simultaneously obtain an offset of the joints, as for the assembly of known masonry products.

Sur la figure 4, on a représenté un agencement de mur avec des blocs 12 superposés. Cette figure fait apparaître le montage en quinconce des blocs 12 pour décaler les joints.On the figure 4 there is shown a wall arrangement with superimposed blocks 12. This figure shows the staggered assembly of the blocks 12 to offset the joints.

En partie inférieure, un profilé 40 est avantageusement fixé sur le support de réception tel qu'une dalle béton ou un plancher bois et reçoit les blocs 12.In the lower part, a profile 40 is advantageously fixed on the receiving support such as a concrete slab or a wood floor and receives the blocks 12.

Ce profilé 40 est venu de pliage et comprend une rainure 42 centrale et des rebords 44.This section 40 has come from folding and comprises a central groove 42 and flanges 44.

La rainure est prévue pour recevoir les tenons 34-21 des faces 14 et 16, tandis que les décrochements 32-1I coopèrent avec les rebords 44.The groove is provided to receive the posts 34-21 of the faces 14 and 16, while the recesses 32-1I cooperate with the flanges 44.

Les blocs sont ainsi alignés et maintenus dès la pose.The blocks are thus aligned and maintained from the pose.

Dans le cas de l'élévation d'un mur, il est aussi nécessaire de prévoir des ouvertures. Pour permettre de finir au droit des ouvertures et obtenir desIn the case of raising a wall, it is also necessary to provide openings. To allow to finish at the right of the openings and to obtain

tableaux droits destinés à recevoir des huisseries, il est possible de prévoir des demi-blocs conçus strictement de la même façon.straight boards for receiving frames, it is possible to provide half-blocks designed strictly the same way.

Selon l'invention, il est prévu des blocs de 800 millimètres de long et de des demi-blocs de 400 millimètres.According to the invention, blocks 800 millimeters long and half-blocks 400 millimeters long are provided.

En complément des blocs 12 et afin de réaliser des angles, la présente invention prévoit la réalisation de blocs d'angle 12-2.In addition to the blocks 12 and to achieve angles, the present invention provides the realization of 12-2 corner blocks.

Ce bloc 12-2 d'angle est maintenant décrit en regard de la figure 5.This 12-2 corner block is now described next to the figure 5 .

Ce bloc comprend deux faces 14 et 16 également mais elles sont réalisées en deux parties angulaires disposées à angle droit.This block comprises two faces 14 and 16 also but they are made in two angular portions arranged at right angles.

On y retrouve les mêmes tenons et décrochements sur chacune des parties angulaires qui ne sont pas référencés pour la clarté du dessin.There are the same tenons and recesses on each of the angular parts that are not referenced for the clarity of the drawing.

De façon à assurer le montage du bloc d'angle, deux paires d'entretoises 20 sont nécessaires, une paire sur chacune des deux parties angulaires.In order to mount the corner block, two pairs of spacers 20 are required, one pair on each of the two angular portions.

Ainsi que représenté sur la figure 5, le bloc angulaire présente une partie angulaire d'une longueur égale à la moitié de l'autre partie angulaire de façon à assurer le complément des demi-blocs.As shown on the figure 5 , the angular block has an angular portion of a length equal to half the other angular portion so as to ensure the complement of the half-blocks.

Une construction montée à partir des blocs selon la présente invention est montrée sur la figure 6.A construction mounted from the blocks according to the present invention is shown on the figure 6 .

On comprend que les problèmes de dimensions liés aux éventuelles variations de degré hygrométrique ne perturbent aucunement le montage car le jeu lié à l'agencement par entretoises selon la présente invention est suffisant pour les compenser.It is understood that the dimensional problems related to any variations in humidity does not disturb the assembly because the clearance related to the spacer arrangement according to the present invention is sufficient to compensate for them.

Quant à l'homogénéité initiale des blocs, elle est garantie par la fabrication en usine, dans des conditions contrôlées.As for the initial homogeneity of the blocks, it is guaranteed by the manufacture in factory, under controlled conditions.

Une fois montés, les blocs d'une rangée, il est possible de réaliser des précontraintes de la rangée ainsi obtenue par des moyens 46 de précontrainte. Ces moyens 46 de précontrainte sont présentés suivant un mode de réalisation particulier sur la figure 5.Once assembled, the blocks of a row, it is possible to perform prestressing of the row thus obtained by means 46 of prestressing. These prestressing means 46 are presented according to a particular embodiment on the figure 5 .

Ces moyens 46 comportent deux tirants 48-1 et 48-2 dont une extrémité 50-1 à tête est liée à un bloc d'angle par exemple au moyen d'une guillotine 52-1 qui se loge dans une fente 54-1 ménagée à cet effet dans ledit bloc.These means 46 comprise two tie rods 48-1 and 48-2 whose one end 50-1 head is connected to a corner block for example by means of a guillotine 52-1 which is housed in a slot 54-1 arranged for this purpose in said block.

L'autre extrémité 56-1 du même tirant 48-1 est filetée et adaptée pour coopérer avec un ridoir 58.The other end 56-1 of the same tie 48-1 is threaded and adapted to cooperate with a turnbuckle 58.

Le tirant 48-2 est symétrique.Tie 48-2 is symmetrical.

Ainsi de tels moyens 46 de précontrainte permettent d'assurer une mise en contrainte de l'ensemble des blocs disposés entre deux blocs d'angles.Thus, such prestressing means 46 make it possible to constrain all the blocks arranged between two corner blocks.

Une fois les têtes prises dans les blocs d'angle et le ridoir monté, il suffit de tourner le ridoir et ses deux filetages inversés assurent une traction simultanée sur les deux tirants.Once the heads are taken in the corner blocks and the turnbuckle mounted, simply turn the turnbuckle and its two inverted threads provide a simultaneous pull on the two tie rods.

Avantageusement, les tirants sont placés toutes les deux rangées sur un pan de mur et toutes les deux rangées sur le pan de mur adjacent, alternativement. Afin de réaliser les parois d'une construction, il est possible de préparer en usine un kit avec les profilés 40, les différents blocs 12, les demi-blocs, les blocs d'angle 12-2 et les moyens de précontrainte avec les tirants découpés et les ridoirs adaptés.Advantageously, the tie rods are placed every two rows on one side of the wall and both rows on the adjacent wall section, alternately. In order to realize the walls of a construction, it is possible to prepare at the factory a kit with the profiles 40, the different blocks 12, the half-blocks, the corner blocks 12-2 and the prestressing means with the tie rods cut-outs and the appropriate turnbuckles.

Les éléments de construction en bois ainsi obtenus autorisent la mise en place dans l'espace entre les faces 14 et 16 d'une matière isolante, de canalisations, de câblages.The wood construction elements thus obtained allow the establishment in the space between the faces 14 and 16 of an insulating material, pipes, wiring.

Afin d'assurer une étanchéité de grande qualité tant au vent qu'à l'eau, chaque face 14,16 peut comprendre des chicanes 56, visibles sur la figure 1, ménagées suivant l'axe longitudinal.In order to ensure a high quality seal both on the wind and on the water, each face 14, 16 may comprise baffles 56, visible on the figure 1 , arranged along the longitudinal axis.

Plus particulièrement, les chicanes 56 sont venues de fabrication avec les pièces 14-1 et 16-1 extérieures des faces intérieure et extérieure.More particularly, the baffles 56 are manufactured with the outer parts 14-1 and 16-1 of the inner and outer faces.

En partie supérieure, une lisse 58, voire figure 4, assure la finition en partie haute avant la pose éventuelle d'une toiture, qui n'intéresse pas directement la présente invention.In the upper part, a smooth 58, even figure 4 , provides the finish in the upper part before the possible installation of a roof, which does not directly interest the present invention.

Un autre perfectionnement de la présente invention consiste à prévoir des moyens de liaison de bloc à bloc, à l'aide d'un moyen élastique de rappel tel qu'un ressort. Ces moyens sont alors mis en place au fur et à mesure du montage des blocs par emboîtement.Another improvement of the present invention consists in providing block block connection means, using an elastic return means such as a spring. These means are then put in place as and when assembling the blocks by interlocking.

De tels moyens de liaison peuvent être positionnés en complément ou en substitution des moyens 46 de précontrainte.Such connecting means may be positioned in addition to or in substitution for the prestressing means 46.

Claims (9)

  1. A construction element for producing a wall, in particular made from wood, comprising a block (12) comprising an internal face (14) and an external face (16) connected together by connection and bracing means (18) comprising at least two U-shaped braces (20), each brace comprising two arms (22) and a base (24), said arms (22) of each brace being designed to cooperate with holes (28) provided in each of the faces (14, 16) respectively, characterised in that each arm (22) is provided at the end with vertical holding bolts (26), these bolts (26) projecting in the direction perpendicular to each arm.
  2. A construction element according to claim 1, characterised in that each arm (22) of each brace (20) has a circular cross section for allowing rotation in the hole (28) that receives it.
  3. A construction element according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that each hole (28) is surmounted by a housing (30) emerging at the top part and on the internal face, so that each brace (20) can adopt a first high position allowing rotation and a pressed-in position preventing rotation.
  4. A construction element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each block (12) comprises two symmetrical faces (14, 16), rectangular in shape, the large side being designed to be disposed horizontally and the small side being designed to be disposed vertically, as well as recesses (32) and tenons (34) to enable the blocks (12) to be fitted together.
  5. A construction element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, for the corners, the block (12-2) comprises two faces (14, 16) produced in two angular parts disposed at a right angle and at least two pairs of braces (20), one pair on each of the two angular parts.
  6. A construction element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each face (14, 16) is produced from two pieces of wood (14-1, 14-2; 16-1, 16-2) of lesser thickness, assembled together.
  7. A construction obtained from construction elements according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it comprises a profiled element (40) fixed to the reception support of said construction and intended to receive the blocks (12), this profiled element (40) comprising a central groove (42) and rims (44), the groove (42) being designed to receive the tenons (34) on the faces (14, 16), while the recesses (32) on the faces (14, 16) cooperate with the rims (44) on the blocks (12).
  8. A construction according to claim 7, characterised in that it comprises prestressing means (46) comprising two symmetrical tie rods (48-1, 48-2), each with one end (50-1) designed to be fixed to a block (12) and another end (56-1) suitable for cooperating with a turnbuckle (58).
  9. A construction according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that it comprises block (12)-to-block (12) connecting means.
EP08305815.6A 2007-11-22 2008-11-20 Construction element and construction obtained, in particular in wood Active EP2063035B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0759209A FR2924136B1 (en) 2007-11-22 2007-11-22 BUILDING ELEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OBTAINED, IN PARTICULAR WOOD

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EP2063035A1 EP2063035A1 (en) 2009-05-27
EP2063035B1 true EP2063035B1 (en) 2016-08-17

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EP08305815.6A Active EP2063035B1 (en) 2007-11-22 2008-11-20 Construction element and construction obtained, in particular in wood

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EP (1) EP2063035B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2924136B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2972015B1 (en) * 2011-02-25 2013-03-22 Gilles Vautrin PREFABRICATED WOOD BLOCK, FOLDING, MANUABLE, ONLY ONE SIDE (FACE), UNIVERSAL, FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WOOD STRUCTURAL WALLS, CARRIERS OR NOT

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3562991A (en) * 1968-07-29 1971-02-16 Paul W Kustusch Building wall construction and module therefor
FR2224612A1 (en) * 1973-04-04 1974-10-31 Prieur Pierre Concrete block building system - beams, columns and lintels are infilled with blocks dry-jointed by dowel pins
US4433520A (en) * 1980-12-15 1984-02-28 Jack Maschhoff Building wall construction
AT409646B (en) * 2000-08-01 2002-09-25 Wagner Erwin Ing Wooden block for erecting walls

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EP2063035A1 (en) 2009-05-27
FR2924136A1 (en) 2009-05-29
FR2924136B1 (en) 2015-03-06

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