Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
  • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
  • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
  • H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
  • H10K50/80—Constructional details
  • H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
  • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
  • H10K59/38—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising colour filters or colour changing media [CCM]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
  • H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
  • H10K2102/302—Details of OLEDs of OLED structures
  • H10K2102/3023—Direction of light emission
  • H10K2102/3031—Two-side emission, e.g. transparent OLEDs [TOLED]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
  • H10K50/80—Constructional details
  • H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
  • H10K50/852—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
  • H10K50/80—Constructional details
  • H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
  • H10K50/854—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising scattering means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
  • H10K59/80—Constructional details
  • H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
  • H10K59/876—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair

Definitions

• One problem to be solved is to specify a light source which is particularly versatile.
• the luminous means comprises a first light exit side and a second light exit side. That is, the light source comprises two sides, from which light is emitted during operation of the light source.
• the light exit sides are preferably opposite sides of the luminous means.
• the light source emits light from its front side and from its rear side during operation.
• the luminous means further comprises an organic layer stack which is arranged between the first and the second light exit surface.
• the organic layer stack comprises at least one organic layer which is provided for generating electromagnetic radiation. A part of the electromagnetic radiation leaves the organic layer stack in the direction of the first light exit surface of the luminous means. Another part of the electromagnetic radiation leaves the organic layer stack in the direction of the second light exit surface of the luminous means.
• Electrode layers preferably adjoin the organic layer stack.
• a first electrode layer adjoins the side of the organic layer stack facing the first light exit side.
• the side of the organic layer stack facing the second light exit side adjoins a second electrode layer.
• the first electrode layer may be an anode
• the second electrode layer may be, for example, a cathode, or vice versa.
• the organic layer stack may comprise, in addition to the at least one layer suitable for generating electromagnetic radiation, further organic layers such as a hole injecting layer, a hole-conducting layer, an electron-injecting layer and an electron-conducting layer.
• the hole-conducting layer and the hole-injecting layer are preferably on the side of the organic layer stack facing the anode, while the electron-conducting and electron-injecting layers are preferably on the cathode-facing side of the organic layer stack.
• the organic layer that is suitable,.
• the organic materials of the organic layer stack are in particular for one of the formed organic layer stack emitted light translucent.
• the luminous means light with different light properties emerges from the luminous means during operation of the luminous means through the first and the second light exit side. This means that light with the first light properties leaves the light source through the first light exit side, and light with second light properties leaves the light source through the second light exit side. The first light properties differ from the second light properties. This also means that the light source radiates a different light from its light exit sides.
• the luminous means comprises a first light exit side and a second light exit side. Furthermore, the luminous means comprises an organic layer stack, which between the first and. second light exit side is arranged, wherein exits light with different light properties during operation of the light source through the first and the second light exit side.
• One of the illuminants described here is based, inter alia, on the following considerations: ,
• the luminous means • differs by the first light exit side of the light emerging from exiting through the second light output side with respect to its intensity. That is, the light exiting through the first and second light exit sides has different light properties at least with respect to its light intensity.
• the light emerging through the first light exit side differs from the light exiting through the second light exit side in terms of brightness. That is, the light exiting through the first and second light exit sides has different light characteristics at least in terms of brightness.
• the light emerging through the first light exit side differs from the light exiting through the second light exit side in terms of its light
• the light exiting through the first and second light exit sides has at least with regard to the emission characteristic different light properties. This means, for example, that the angular distribution of the intensity relative to the first light exit side of the light exiting through the first light exit side differs from the angular distribution of the intensity relative to the second light exit side of the light exiting through the second light exit side.
• the light emerging through the first light exit surface differs from the light emerging through the second light exit surface in terms of its color. That is, the • exiting through the first and second light output side, at least in terms of color different light properties.
• white light can leave the light source through the first light exit side.
• Green, blue, red, or light of another color can leave the light source through the second light exit side ....
• At least one light exit side of the luminous means comprises a wavelength conversion material.
• Wavelength conversion materials are materials that absorb incident light of a first wavelength range and emit light of a second, different from the first wavelength range, which typically has longer wavelengths than the first wavelength range.
• organic materials such as perylene phosphors be used.
• the following inorganic materials are also suitable
• Wavelength conversion materials used include: rare earth doped garnets, rare earth doped alkaline earth sulfides, rare earth doped thiogallates, rare earth doped aluminates, rare earth doped orthosilicates, rare earth metals doped chlorosilicates, rare earth doped alkaline earth silicon nitrides, rare earth doped oxynitrides, and rare earth doped aluminum oxynitrides.
• the first light exit side comprises the wavelength conversion material.
• the second light exit side then comprises either no wavelength conversion material, another wavelength conversion material, an additional wavelength conversion material, or the like
• Wavelength conversion material in another .. ⁇ . .. concentration. This makes it possible for light of different color to emerge from the light source from the first and the second light exit side.
• At least one light exit side of the luminous means comprises a color filter material.
• the color filter is suitable for filtering light of a specific wavelength range. This means that light of this wavelength range is at least partially absorbed by the color filter. In this way, for example, from white
• a first color component is filtered
• a second color component can pass through the color filter substantially unhindered.
• the color sub-area with the color filter then essentially emits light of the second. Color proportion.
• the color filter is embedded in a matrix material in the form of particles of a color filter material.
• the first light exit side comprises the color filter material
• the second light exit side then comprises no color filter material, another color filter material, an additional color filter material or the color filter material in a different concentration. In this way, it is possible that light of a different color is emitted from the first light exit side than from the second light exit side.
• At least one outlet side of the luminous means comprises a light-scattering material.
• The. light scattering material is ... suitable that light is scattered by the light exit side, which comprises the light-scattering material.
• the first light exit side comprises the light-scattering material.
• the second light exit side then does not comprise any light-scattering material, another light-providing material, an additional light-scattering material or the light-scattering material in a different concentration. In this way it is possible that the light emitted by the first and second light exit side differs in terms of its emission characteristic.
• white light is emitted by the second light exit side of the luminous means, and colored light is emitted by the first light exit side.
• colored light is light, to understand that not white, but colorful, for example, blue, green, red, or yellow. It is also possible to mix the dyes mentioned. ,
• At least one semitransparent electrode adjoins the organic layer stack.
• the semitransparent electrode which has a certain reflectivity and a certain transitivity, the intensity, the radiation characteristic and the angular distribution of the. the light exit surface of the light bulb light passing • targeted .einlandais. So. it is possible, for example., That the emission characteristic of the emerging through at least one of the light exit sides of light is determined by the distance of the radiation generation 'provided organic layer of the' organic layer stack to semi-transparent electrode. This is made possible for example by the use of the so-called Cavity Effects.
• FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a luminous means described here in a schematic sectional illustration.
• FIG. 2A shows a second exemplary embodiment of a luminous means described here in a schematic sectional illustration.
• FIGS. 2B, 2C, 2D 2E 7 schematically show the
• Emission intensity I in the forward direction as a function of the distance of the radiation generating layer from the second electrode.
• Figure 2F shows the simulated distribution of green and blue excitons in a white broadband emitter layer.
• FIG. 3A shows a luminous means described here according to a third exemplary embodiment in a schematic sectional illustration. •. ,,,
• Figure 3B shows a plot of the intensity of light emitted by the first and second light exit side ⁇ • light depending on the wavelength of light.
• FIG. 4A shows a luminous means described here according to a fourth exemplary embodiment in a schematic sectional illustration.
• FIG. 4B shows the output enhancement plotted against the wavelength of the light emitted from the first light exit side.
• FIG. 5 shows a luminous means described here according to a fifth exemplary embodiment in a schematic sectional illustration.
• FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a luminous means described here in a schematic sectional illustration.
• the luminous means according to the first embodiment comprises a substrate.
• the substrate 8 is translucent ...
• the substrate 8 can be transparent or diffusely scattering-for example in the sense of a frosted glass pane-
• the substrate 8 is formed, for example, from a glass or a plastic film.
• the first electrode 5 is applied on the substrate 8.
• the first electrode 5 may be an anode or a cathode.
• the first electrode 5 is preferably designed to be transparent to radiation.
• the first electrode 5 follows on its side facing away from the substrate 8.
• the organic layer stack 3 comprises one or more organic layers.
• One of the organic layers is preferably provided for generating radiation 3a.
• the organic layer stack 3 may comprise further organic layers 3b, 3c, which are suitable, for example, for conducting and / or injecting charge carriers into the layer 3a provided for the generation of radiation.
• a second electrode 6 follows on the side of the organic layer stack 3 facing away from the first electrode 5. If the first electrode is an anode, then the second electrode 6 is a cathode. If the first electrode 5 is a cathode, then the second electrode 6 is an anode.
• the second electrode 6 is preferably transparent.
• the encapsulation 7 is transparent.
• the encapsulation 7 optically diffusely scattering - for example, in the sense of a frosted glass - or be transparent.
• the encapsulation 7 is formed, for example, from a glass or a plastic film.
• the encapsulation 7 may be a thin-film encapsulation.
• a thin-film encapsulation has at least one barrier layer.
• the barrier layer is intended to protect the organic layer stack as well as sensitive ones To protect electrode materials from the ingress of harmful substances such as moisture and oxygen.
• a thin film encapsulant comprises at least one thin film layer, such as the barrier layer, deposited by a thin film process such as sputtering, evaporation, and plasma assisted CVD (short for "chemical vapor deposition").
• the thin-film encapsulation comprises a plurality of alternating barrier layers, wherein at least two different barrier layers with respect to their material composition are arranged in a regular sequence.
• the thin-film encapsulation then comprises first and second barrier layers, the material composition of the first barrier layers being different from the material composition of the second barrier layers.
• the first barrier layers may comprise, for example, silicon oxide, or consist of this material
• the second barrier layers may comprise, for example, silicon nitride or from this. Material, consist.
• the first and second barrier layers are further arranged alternately in terms of their material composition.
• Such an alternating layer sequence of barrier layers within the thin-film encapsulation offers the advantage that the thin-film encapsulation is made particularly dense. This is usually due to the fact that pinholes - that is, small holes - which can arise in the application of the respective barrier layer in this, covered by the overlying barrier layer or by their material even can be filled. Furthermore, the probability that a pinhole from one barrier layer with a pinhole from the adjacent barrier layer establishes a continuous connection, extremely low. This applies in particular to barrier layers which are arranged alternately with regard to their material composition.
• one of the alternating barrier layers comprises silicon oxide and the other alternating barrier layer comprises silicon nitride.
• a first barrier layer may consist of SiC> 2
• a second barrier layer then consists of Siss ⁇ .
• the luminous means according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 has a first light exit side 1.
• the first light exit side 1 is arranged on the side of the substrate 8 facing away from the organic layer stack 3. Through the first light exit side 1, light 21 with first light properties leaves the light source.
• the luminous means further has a second light exit side 2, which is arranged on the side of the encapsulation 7 facing away from the organic layer stack. Due to the second light exit side 2, light 22 with second light properties leaves the light source.
• FIG. 2A shows a second exemplary embodiment of a luminous means described here in a schematic sectional illustration.
• the second electrode 6 forms a cathode.
• the cathode is designed to be at least partially reflective to electromagnetic radiation generated in the organic radiation generating layer 3a.
• the radiation generating organic layer 3a is suitable, for example, for generating light having a wavelength of 530 nanometers, and has a refractive index of 1.7.
• the radiation generating organic layer 3a has a distance t from the second electrode 6.
• Figures 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E schematically show the emission intensity I in arbitrary units of the light 21 in the forward direction - that is, in the direction of the first.
• Light exit side 1 - as a function of the distance t of the radiation generating layer 3a provided by the second electrode 6. Due to the so-called Cavity Effects, the intensity I and their angular distribution depends on the distance t. As a result of the distance t, the * emission characteristic of the light emitted by the first light exit side 1 can thus be selectively adjusted.
• the radiation generating layer 3a may be an organic layer having a white broadband emitter.
• the exciton decay zones may have different layers for different colors.
• Figure 2F shows the simulated distribution of green 11 and blue excitons 12 in a radiation generating organic layer 3a comprising a white broadband emitter material. In this case, the blue excitons are on average much closer to the interface between the organic layer stack 3 and the first electrode 5.
• a differently colored light emission through the first and second light exit side 1, 2 can be achieved by utilizing the cavity effect. In this case, different from each other • the two electrodes. Have reflectivities.
• FIG. 3A shows a luminous means described here according to a third exemplary embodiment in a schematic sectional illustration.
• the luminous means according to the third embodiment comprises a transparent first electrode 5, which forms an anode.
• the anode is suitable for injecting holes into the organic layer stack 3.
• the anode preferably comprises a material having a high work function for electrons, such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)
• the first electrode 5 follows the organic layer stack 3, which in the present case has a hole-conducting layer 3b, which is formed from a .Polymer, for example PEDOT.
• the hole-conducting layer 3b has a thickness D23 of 120 nanometers.
• the hole-conducting layer 3b follows the to Provision of radiation provided organic layer 3a, which in the present case has a thickness D22 of 80 nanometers and is formed from LEP.
• the radiation generating organic layer 3a is succeeded by an electron conductive layer 3c formed of Ca and having a thickness D21 of three nanometers.
• the second electrode 6 is applied in the present case consists of silver and has a thickness Dl of ten nanometers.
• the second electrode 6 forms a cathode which has a low work function for electrons.
• the cathode forms a semitransparent mirror, in which ' by the layer thickness Dl a certain transmission. ' • Reflection ratio is set.
• the color components and the intensity of the light exiting through the second electrode 6 - that is to say, that of the light which exits the luminous means through the second light exit side 2 - can be adjusted by the thickness D 1 of the second electrode 6.
• 3B shows a plot of the intensity of the light 21 (curve 14) emitted by the first light exit side 1 and of the light 22 'emitted by the second light exit side 2 (curve 13) as a function of the wavelength of the light.
• FIG. 4A shows a luminous means described here according to a fourth exemplary embodiment in a schematic sectional representation.
• a scattering film is applied to the side of the substrate 8 facing away from the organic layer stack 3.
• the 'scattering film is 50 microns thick and comprises 50 weight percent of.
• Particles of a material suitable for light scattering is.
• the particles may, for example, be polymer spheres in a polymer matrix. That is, the first light exit side 1 in the embodiment of Figure 4A comprises a material which is light-scattering. Both the color components of the light 21 decoupled by the first light exit side 1 and the intensity can thereby be influenced.
• FIG. 4B shows the decoupling improvement V as a percentage against the wavelength of the light 21 emitted by the first light exit side for an angle of 0 degrees (curve 15) against the surface normal n and an angle of 60 degrees (curve 16) against the surface normal n ,
• FIG. 5 shows a luminous means described here according to a fifth exemplary embodiment in a schematic sectional illustration.
• Wavelength conversion material introduced into the substrate 8 of the bulb That is the first one.
• Light exit side 1 comprises a color filter material and / or a wavelength conversion material.
• the radiation generating organic layer 3a is capable of emitting blue light.
• the particles 10 are then, for example, particles of a yellow re-emitting or a red-green reemitendem wavelength conversion material. In this way, white mixed light is emitted from the first light exit side 1. From the second light exit side 2- blue light is emitted.
• the organic layer 3a provided for generating radiation is suitable for producing white light.
• the particles 10 are then, for example, a green color filter material. In this way, white light is emitted on the second light exit side 2; From. the first light exit side 1 green light is emitted.
• a light source described here is also suitable, for example, as a two-color room divider or as effect lighting, in which the light source is designed in a freely selectable form and is rotatably mounted. By a rapid rotation of the bulb can be generated in this way - in the sense of a stroboscope - two-color lighting effects.
• the lighting means can be used in a window. If the entire window is coated with the light source, it is possible to create a light source that is transparent during the day and at night essentially only radiates inwards.
• the electrode of the luminous means facing the outside is designed to be semitransparent in such a way that it is reflective for light generated in the organic layer 3a provided for the generation of radiation.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
• Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)

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• 2006
  • 2006-09-29 DE DE102006046196A patent/DE102006046196A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-08-28 US US12/442,650 patent/US8339034B2/en active Active
  • 2007-08-28 WO PCT/DE2007/001537 patent/WO2008040275A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2007-08-28 CN CN200780036293.7A patent/CN101523633B/zh active Active
  • 2007-08-28 JP JP2009529515A patent/JP5193208B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-08-28 KR KR1020097004791A patent/KR101399259B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-08-28 EP EP07817460A patent/EP2057700A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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