EP2035747A2 - Procédé de combustion et système de chaudière à combustible correspondant - Google Patents

Procédé de combustion et système de chaudière à combustible correspondant

Info

Publication number
EP2035747A2
EP2035747A2 EP07721946A EP07721946A EP2035747A2 EP 2035747 A2 EP2035747 A2 EP 2035747A2 EP 07721946 A EP07721946 A EP 07721946A EP 07721946 A EP07721946 A EP 07721946A EP 2035747 A2 EP2035747 A2 EP 2035747A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
combustion
gas
combustion chamber
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07721946A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Otto Huthmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2035747A2 publication Critical patent/EP2035747A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/06—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with draught
    • F23N1/062—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/34—Burners specially adapted for use with means for pressurising the gaseous fuel or the combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for fuel supplies
    • F23K2900/05003—Non-continuous fluid fuel supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combustion method for a fuel boiler with an exhaust duct and a combustion chamber, in which liquid or gaseous fuel is injected and combustion air is supplied in parallel, and a fuel boiler arrangement for building heating or the like for liquid or gaseous fuels with a combustion chamber with a combustion chamber and an exhaust duct, wherein an injection system for the fuel with a combustion chamber arranged in the final atomizing means and a combustion air supply are provided.
  • Such fuel boilers and combustion methods realized thereby are known in the prior art in conventional boilers for building heating or the like.
  • Such operated with liquid or gaseous fuels boilers or fuel boilers have a combustion chamber in which the combustion of the supplied via a Endzerstäubungsdüse fuel. The resulting thermal energy during combustion is released to the circulating around the combustion chamber in the boiler heat transfer medium and supplied, for example, the building heating and / or water heating.
  • gaseous or other liquid fuels such as natural gas, biogas, rapeseed oil or the like takes place.
  • the disadvantage is that the optimum quantity of combustion air for the quantity of fuel supplied can not be supplied in a sufficiently determined manner. Moreover, it is disadvantageous that, despite the intensive turbulence of the supplied combustion air with the injected fuel uniform mixing for complete combustion of the fuel is not achieved.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to improve the aforementioned combustion process or such a fuel boiler arrangement so that a very accurate quantity metering of the supplied combustion air and a very uniform mixing of fuel and combustion air is achieved.
  • the combustion air is supplied under high pressure near the point of injection of the fuel.
  • the combustion air is intensively and uniformly mixed with the injected fuel, so that a substantially complete combustion takes place.
  • By supplying compressed combustion air over at least one Combustion air supply nozzle by adjusting the pressure and selection of the cross section of the nozzle opening or the nozzle openings in addition to the accurate quantitative detection of the supplied fuel and the supplied combustion air quantitatively very accurately detected and adapted to the needs. For example, it is known from scientific studies that one liter of light fuel oil requires 9.3 m 3 of air with an oxygen content of about 21% for complete combustion.
  • the final atomizer for the fuel and the combustion air supply nozzles are arranged in a multi-hole nozzle.
  • the final atomizing agent for the fuel may be a centrally located nozzle orifice around which radially and substantially equidistantly the combustion air supply nozzles are grouped.
  • the combustion air is supplied at a pressure of 10 bar to 1 50 bar, in particular 50 bar to 125 bar.
  • Pressure range ensures that an intense turbulence and thus mixing with the injected fuel takes place.
  • the combustion method comprises a combustion phase in which fuel and combustion air are injected into the combustion chamber and burned there, the exhaust gas duct being closed; a rest period in the no fuel and no combustion air is supplied, but the exhaust duct remains closed; and an exhaust gas phase, in which the exhaust duct is open for the discharge of the combustion air, wherein after pressure equalization via the exhaust duct, this is closed and a re-combustion cycle begins with the former combustion phase.
  • this embodiment is achieved in a fuel boiler, in which an openable closure means is provided in the exhaust passage, which is apparent as a function of time, temperature and / or pressure in the combustion chamber.
  • an openable closure means is provided in the exhaust passage, which is apparent as a function of time, temperature and / or pressure in the combustion chamber.
  • care must be taken in a closed combustion chamber to avoid excessive overpressure, for example by a pressure relief valve, rupture disk or the like.
  • a control and regulating device which controls an intermittent combustion, wherein at least one temperature and / or pressure sensor in the combustion chamber with active connections to the control and regulating device, and effective lines between the control and regulating device and the fuel pumping means for supplying the fuel, the pumping means for supplying the combustion air and the apparent closure means of the exhaust duct are provided.
  • the temperature sensor should be arranged in the combustion chamber so that it is arranged in a zone of maximum temperature in order to avoid overheating safely.
  • pressure sensor thus a maximum operating pressure for the combustion chamber is considered.
  • temperature sensors and pressure sensors can be used in parallel to monitor both the maximum temperature and a maximum pressure.
  • the exhaust gas channel then has a waste water connection for the removal of condensate forming in the exhaust gas channel.
  • the fuel via a Gasanheimungsvorraum with a gas or a gas mixture, in particular oxygen or air is enriched, in which the fuel is atomized and the gas / gas mixture is supplied to the atomized fuel, wherein then the enriched fuel directly into the combustion chamber in Ways of a final atomization is injected and the fuel is cooled, at least in the enriched state until the final atomization, the supplied fuel for the subsequent combustion in the combustion chamber is optimally conditioned.
  • Such a method or such an injection system is known for internal combustion engines from DE 103 02 729 A1.
  • the fuel is saturated by the upstream atomization in a Gasanreichungsvoriques with a likewise supplied under pressure gas / gas mixture and then injected directly into the combustion chamber via the Endzerstäubungsstoff for final atomization.
  • the cooling of the enriched fuel counteracts a premature exit of the gas / gas mixture from the fuel before the final atomization.
  • ambient air, natural gas or the like gas mixtures or pure gases such as oxygen, hydrogen or the like can be supplied as a gas / gas mixture. This gas or gas mixture is absorbed by the liquid fuel in the gas enrichment device.
  • the boundary conditions are chosen so that auto-ignition is excluded.
  • the injection of the enriched fuel into the combustion chamber then runs a reverse process, namely the desorption (stripping process) from.
  • the volatile component namely the gas or gas mixture
  • the microdroplets of the fuel which are generated by the injection nozzle during atomization, at a correspondingly lower pressure.
  • the micro-droplets of the enriched fuel are atomized during this desorption to approximately molecular fuel particles. Accordingly, the effective surface area of the molecularly small fuel particles increases significantly with the air, so that the expansion rate of the combustion front increases and a much more complete combustion of the fuel takes place in the combustion chamber.
  • the injection system has a gas enrichment device for enriching the fuel with a gas or a gas mixture, in particular oxygen or air, and a cooling system is provided, with which the enriched fuel until the final atomization in Endzerstäubungsmitte! is cooled.
  • the Gasanreichungsvoriques has a
  • Enrichment space for fueling with a gas or a gas mixture, in particular oxygen or air, with at least one pre-atomizing agent and at least one opening for a gas inlet into the enrichment space, with at least one fuel pumping means for supplying the fuel and a second pumping means for supplying the gas / Gas mixture into the enrichment space, with a supply line for passing the enriched fuel from the enrichment space to the final atomizer in the combustion chamber.
  • the first and the second pumping means may be formed as a common compressor, so the compressed ambient air on the one hand of the gas enrichment device for Enrichment of the fuel and on the other hand to supply as combustion air via corresponding distributing supply lines.
  • the cooling of the enriched fuel already takes place in the Gasanreichungs- device.
  • the gas absorption and saturation of the fuel is optimally supported by the cooling already from the gas enrichment device.
  • the gas pressure of the gas / gas mixture supplied to the Gasanreich réelles- device is at least 100 bar, wherein the fuel with a 1, 2 to 50-fold pressure against the gas pressure is injected into the gas enrichment device, an optimal absorption of the gas / gas mixture achieved in the fuel and a self-ignition of the highly explosive fuel / gas mixture safely avoided.
  • ambient air is injected at a pressure of 100 bar into the gas enrichment device and the fuel is injected at a pressure of 125 bar via the pre-atomizing agent into the enrichment chamber.
  • the gas pressure of the gas / gas mixture is set higher when enriching the fuel in the gas enrichment device than the air pressure in the combustion chamber in the final atomization, a desired degassing of the fuel is supported immediately after the injection into the combustion chamber.
  • degassing the fuel is atomized in comparison to previous methods significantly finer microdroplets of molecular size, so that the surface is significantly increased to react with the combustion air during combustion, resulting in an even more intense and more complete combustion result. If the heat in the combustion chamber is additionally dissipated via at least one heat exchanger arranged in the combustion chamber, the thematic energy generated in the combustion chamber is transferred even more effectively.
  • this is achieved in that in the combustion chamber, at least a first heat exchanger is arranged, through which the heat transfer medium for heat extraction in the combustion chamber is circulated.
  • a second heat exchanger may be provided in a hot water tank for hot water, through which the heat transfer medium heated in the first heat exchanger is circulated.
  • the combustion chamber is assigned a pressure equalization vessel.
  • a heat pump can be arranged on the exhaust duct.
  • FIG. 2 shows the arrangement with conditioned fuel supply shown in FIG. 1, FIG.
  • Fig. 5 a, b a combination nozzle according to the invention in a longitudinal cross section and a plan view.
  • a conventional fuel boiler 1 is shown schematically in the form of a boiler for a building heating.
  • the fuel boiler 1 has a combustion chamber 1 1 with downstream adjacent exhaust duct 12.
  • the exhaust duct 1 2 releases the resulting during combustion exhaust gases freely to the ambient air.
  • the gaseous or liquid fuel to be burned in the fuel boiler 1 is supplied via an injection system or fuel supply 2 to the combustion chamber 1 1.
  • the fuel supply 2 has a fuel pumping means 24 in the form of an injection pump, downstream of the injection pump 24 a supply line 26 and at the downstream end of the supply line 26 a Endzerstäubungsstoff or injector 21 in the combustion chamber 1 1.
  • a supply line On the suction side of the injection pump 24 is a supply line, not shown, for example, connected by a fuel oil tank.
  • the fuel boiler arrangement according to FIG. 1 has a combustion air supply 3 for the quantity-matched supply of
  • the combustion air supply 3 has a first pumping means 31, which sucks, for example, ambient air on the suction side, compressed and on the pressure side via a supply line 34 to the combustion chamber 1 1 supplies. At the downstream end of the supply line 34, one or more combustion air supply nozzles 32 are arranged in the combustion chamber 1 1.
  • the second embodiment according to FIG. 2 is likewise a conventional fuel boiler, as described for FIG. 1, which is likewise provided with the combustion air feed 3. In this regard, reference is made to the description of FIG. 1. Matching components are designated by the same reference numerals.
  • the fuel supply 2 'in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 has a gas enrichment device 22.
  • the gas enrichment device 22 is upstream of the fuel pumping means 24 upstream.
  • the fuel for example, from an oil tank, is injected into the gas enrichment device 22 under a high delivery pressure.
  • the gas enrichment device 22 has an enrichment space 221 into which the fuel is injected via the fuel pumping means 24 under high pressure via a pre-atomizing agent 222.
  • the compressed air to a gas inlet opening 223 in the enrichment chamber 221st In the enrichment chamber 221, the supplied compressed air is dissolved in the fuel.
  • the so enriched with air fuel (conditioned fuel) is about
  • a cooling system 7 For cooling the conditioned fuel, a cooling system 7 is provided which preferably cools the gas enrichment device 22 with enrichment chamber 221 and the supply line 26 until immediately before the end atomizing agent 21 in the combustion chamber 1 1.
  • the supply line 26 may be formed insulated in a suitable manner heat.
  • the first pumping means 31 and the second pumping means 25 for compressing ambient air in a common compressor 33 are summarized.
  • two supply lines 34, 35 are connected.
  • the first supply line 34 leads to the combustion air supply nozzles 32 in the combustion chamber 11.
  • the second supply line 35 leads to the gas inlet opening 223 in the enrichment space 221.
  • a further alternative embodiment is shown schematically.
  • the fuel tank 1 'shown in Fig. 3 is configured with a fuel supply 2 as in Fig. 1 and a combustion air supply 3 as in Fig. 1 or 2.
  • the fuel tank 1 ' has its combustion chamber 1 1 downstream of an exhaust passage 1 2, which is closable with a closure means 14.
  • the combustion in this fuel tank 1 ' is carried out batchwise in preferably closed by means of closure means 14 exhaust duct 12 in the combustion chamber 1 first After combustion and cooling phase, the closure means 14 are then opened and the exhaust gases are discharged and the combustion chamber relieves pressure 1 1. After re-closing of the closure means 14 in the exhaust duct 1 2 another combustion cycle takes place.
  • a connected to the combustion chamber 1 1 pressure equalization vessel 17 is provided.
  • this arrangement can also be used in the embodiment of FIG. 4.
  • a first heat exchanger 16 is further arranged in the combustion chamber 1 1 of the fuel boiler 1 'through which the heat transfer medium 13 of the fuel kesseis 1' is circulated.
  • the heated from the first heat exchanger 16 in the combustion chamber 1 1 heat transfer medium 13 is passed to a second heat exchanger 61 in a hot water tank 6 to heat hot water there.
  • This embodiment can also be used in the embodiments according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 4. For clarity, this is shown only in Fig. 3.
  • the combustion chamber 1 1 first heat exchanger 1 6 By arranged in the combustion chamber 1 1 first heat exchanger 1 6, the in
  • Combustion chamber generated thermal energy particularly effectively and quickly transferred to a circulating in the heat exchanger heat transfer medium.
  • this embodiment increases the effectiveness of the fuel boiler.
  • the fuel boiler arrangement has a fuel tank 1 'according to FIG. 3 and a fuel feed 2', as described for FIG. 2.
  • a fuel tank 1 ' according to FIG. 3
  • a fuel feed 2' as described for FIG. 2.
  • Matching components are designated by the same reference numerals.
  • a control and regulating device 5 is shown in Fig. 4, which is not shown for clarity in the other embodiments or is not required.
  • the control and regulating device 5 has an active line 51 to a temperature and / or pressure sensor 1 5 in the combustion chamber 1 1 on. Furthermore, the control and regulating device 5 has active lines 52 for controlling the injection pump 27, the fuel pumping means 24, the first pumping means 31 and the second pumping means 25. Further, the control and regulating device 5 is connected via effective line 53 with the closure means 14. With the control and regulating device 5, the preferred, intermittent combustion method can be carried out as follows:
  • the arranged in the combustion chamber 1 1 sensor 1 5 registers the combustion chamber temperature and / or the combustion chamber pressure.
  • the measured values are compared via effective line 51 in the control and regulating device 5 with limit values and stopped upon reaching a maximum pressure or a maximum temperature of the burning process.
  • the exhaust gas phase is then introduced via the control and regulating device 5 when the limit values fall below corresponding threshold values, whereby the closure means 14 for opening the exhaust gas channel 12 via effective line 53 is controlled. Accordingly, the exhaust gases flow out of the combustion chamber 1 1 and there is a pressure relief of the combustion chamber 1 first Subsequently, the closure means 14 is closed again and a renewed combustion cycle with the aforementioned combustion phase can begin.
  • a combination nozzle 4 is shown in detail in a longitudinal section (a) and in plan view (b), in particular in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 and / or according to FIG. 4 when using conditioned fuel Can be found.
  • the combination nozzle 4 on an axially central supply line 26 for supplying the conditioned fuel.
  • the Endzerstäubungsstoff or injection nozzle 21 is arranged.
  • the combustion air supply nozzles 32 are arranged radially around the injection nozzle 21 close to this.
  • the supply air nozzles 32 are arranged at equal distances from one another in a circle around the injection nozzle 21.
  • a heat insulating material is disposed around the fuel supply line 26 to keep the conditioned fuel cool.
  • an ignition electrode 41 is arranged close to the injection nozzle 21. Ignition electrode 41 can electrically ignite the injected, conditioned fuel.
  • injection system 21 end atomizer, injector

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de combustion d'une chaudière à combustible comprenant un conduit d'évacuation des gaz brûlés et une chambre de combustion dans laquelle est injecté un combustible liquide ou gazeux et simultanément de l'air de combustion. L'air de combustion est alimenté sous haute pression à proximité du point d'injection du carburant. L'invention concerne également un système de chaudière à combustible pour le chauffage d'immeubles ou équivalent pour des combustibles liquides ou gazeux comprenant une chaudière à combustible (1, T) comportant une chambre de combustion (11) et un conduit d'évacuation des gaz brûlés (12) ainsi qu'un système d'injection (2) pourvu d'un moyen de pulvérisation terminal (21) implanté dans la chambre de combustion (11) et destiné au combustible, et un conduit d'alimentation en air de combustion (3). Un premier moyen pompe (31) permet d'alimenter la chambre de combustion (11) en air de combustion sous pression et au moins une buse d'alimentation en air de combustion (32) est implantée à proximité du moyen de pulvérisation terminal (21) destiné au combustible.
EP07721946A 2006-03-02 2007-02-22 Procédé de combustion et système de chaudière à combustible correspondant Withdrawn EP2035747A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200610010237 DE102006010237A1 (de) 2006-03-02 2006-03-02 Verbrennungsverfahren sowie Brennstoffkesselanordnung dafür
PCT/DE2007/000332 WO2007098735A2 (fr) 2006-03-02 2007-02-22 Procédé de combustion et système de chaudière à combustible correspondant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2035747A2 true EP2035747A2 (fr) 2009-03-18

Family

ID=38137435

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07721946A Withdrawn EP2035747A2 (fr) 2006-03-02 2007-02-22 Procédé de combustion et système de chaudière à combustible correspondant

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2035747A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006010237A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007098735A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018109354A1 (de) * 2018-04-19 2019-10-24 Innogy Se Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Ölbrenners sowie Ölbrennersystem für die Raumheizung und/oder Warmwasserversorgung eines Gebäudes

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE659078C (de) * 1938-04-23 Paul Bornkessel Gasheizbrenner-Mundstueck
ES123061A1 (es) * 1930-06-30 1931-07-01 Holzwarth Hans Dr Ing PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA INSTALACIoN Y FUNCIONAMIENTO DE CáMARAS DE EXPLOSIoN EXTENDIDAS CILiNDRICAMENTE, PARTICULARMENTE PARA TURBINAS MOTORAS DE COMBUSTIoN
GB412318A (en) * 1933-01-23 1934-06-28 Adolf Koerbitz Improvements in or relating to gas burners
GB654340A (en) * 1948-01-15 1951-06-13 Columbian Carbon Improvements in or relating to gas burners
US4281982A (en) * 1980-02-19 1981-08-04 Institute Of Gas Technology Method and apparatus of heat-pulsed recuperation of energy
US4959009A (en) * 1989-06-26 1990-09-25 Indugas, Inc. Pulse burner and method of operation
US6155818A (en) * 1999-12-16 2000-12-05 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et, L'exploitation Des Procedes, Georges Claude Oxy-burner having a back-up firing system and method of operation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2007098735A3 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007098735A3 (fr) 2007-12-06
WO2007098735A2 (fr) 2007-09-07
DE102006010237A1 (de) 2007-09-13

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