EP2029878B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour convertir de l'énergie thermique en énergie mécanique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour convertir de l'énergie thermique en énergie mécanique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2029878B1
EP2029878B1 EP07718460A EP07718460A EP2029878B1 EP 2029878 B1 EP2029878 B1 EP 2029878B1 EP 07718460 A EP07718460 A EP 07718460A EP 07718460 A EP07718460 A EP 07718460A EP 2029878 B1 EP2029878 B1 EP 2029878B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
pneumatic
working medium
work
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07718460A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2029878A2 (fr
Inventor
Michael Mayer
Bernd Peter Pfeifer
Franz Peter Jegel
Steve Hargreaves
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Innovations Ltd
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International Innovations Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Innovations Ltd filed Critical International Innovations Ltd
Publication of EP2029878A2 publication Critical patent/EP2029878A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2029878B1 publication Critical patent/EP2029878B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/02—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the fluid remaining in the liquid phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/005—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for by means of hydraulic motors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for converting thermal energy into mechanical work according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a method of the type described above in such a way that even under thermally unfavorable conditions, a high efficiency can be achieved, the apparatus design is minimized.
  • a working medium having a suitable vapor pressure curve such as R134a, which is 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
  • R134a a working medium having a suitable vapor pressure curve
  • the working medium is in an equilibrium state between a liquid phase and a gas phase.
  • the pressure is chosen so that this balance is maintained. In the case of R134a and an ambient temperature of about 20 ° C, this first pressure will be about 6 bar.
  • the working fluid is transferred to a working container in which there is preferably a second higher pressure.
  • the second pressure is for example 40 bar. The energy expenditure for the transfer can be minimized if in a preferred manner only liquid working medium is pumped into the working container.
  • the working fluid is heated in the working container.
  • heating the pressure is further increased and the working medium evaporates partially.
  • the heating is preferably carried out by waste heat, for example from an internal combustion engine with internal combustion. When heated to 100 ° C, the waste heat can be optimally utilized.
  • the working fluid is flowed into a pneumatic-hydraulic converter.
  • This can take place after the second step, ie first the heat is completely supplied and then the connection between the working container and the pneumatic-hydraulic converter is produced.
  • it may also be a partial or complete simultaneity of these steps, that is, that the medium is heated in the working container during the overflow into the pneumatic-hydraulic converter. In this way, the efficiency can be optimized because the entering due to the expansion of the working medium cooling is compensated immediately.
  • the cycle time is shortened.
  • the incoming working fluid displaces a present in the hydraulic chamber hydraulic medium, which is processed in a suitable machine, such as a hydraulic motor to produce mechanical work, which in turn can be used, for example, to generate electrical energy.
  • a suitable machine such as a hydraulic motor to produce mechanical work, which in turn can be used, for example, to generate electrical energy.
  • the pneumatic-hydraulic converter is filled via a small pump again with the hydraulic medium, wherein the working fluid is displaced and is returned to the storage tank.
  • the working fluid is passed through a second heat exchanger to make a temperature adjustment to ambient temperature can.
  • the efficiency and performance of the system can be optimized if the possible phase transitions are used accordingly.
  • the working medium should be moved only liquid in the first step, while in the third step, only the gas phase is transferred to the pneumatic-hydraulic converter.
  • connection between the working container and the pneumatic-hydraulic converter is interrupted during the return of the working medium from the pneumatic-hydraulic converter into the supply storage. In this way overflow losses can be minimized.
  • the cooling can be done by an ambient heat exchanger, so a conventional cooler, but it is also possible to use cooling capacity from the second heat exchanger, unless the cold is otherwise required, for example, for an air conditioner or a cooling unit.
  • the working medium it is possible for the working medium to be guided out of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter through a second heat exchanger.
  • low temperatures may arise in the second heat exchanger, which may be caused by the expansion of the working medium are. These low temperatures can be used for cooling to save the energy needed there.
  • a further optimization, in particular of the refrigeration production, can take place in that the working medium from the pneumatic-hydraulic converter is expanded to a depressurization pressure, which lies below the first pressure in the supply reservoir and is subsequently compressed to the first pressure.
  • the present invention relates to a device for converting thermal energy into mechanical work, with a storage reservoir, a working container and a working machine for converting hydraulic work into mechanical work.
  • the working container is connected to a first heat exchanger in order to heat the working medium, that the working container is further connected to a pneumatic-hydraulic converter, which transfers the pressure of the working medium to a hydraulic medium, and that a return line for the working fluid from the pneumatic-hydraulic converter is provided in the storage reservoir.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that a plurality of working containers and pneumatic-hydraulic converter are connected in parallel.
  • Fig. 1 shown devices arranged side by side in parallel and operated offset in time to each other, as is the case for example in a five-cylinder internal combustion engine.
  • a continuous operation can be achieved without appreciable cyclical fluctuations.
  • Fig. 2 shows a typical vapor pressure curve of a working medium.
  • a storage tank 1 In a storage tank 1 is a working medium, in which case, for example, a refrigerant such as R 134 a can be used.
  • the working medium in the storage 1 is in phase equilibrium at ambient temperature and a pressure of about 6 bar before.
  • the storage 1 is connected via a feed pump 2 with a working container 3, wherein this connection is switchable via a valve 4.
  • a first heat exchanger 5 In the working container 3, a first heat exchanger 5 is arranged, which serves to heat the working medium in the working container 3.
  • the heat exchanger 5 is via a feed pump 6 with waste heat an internal combustion engine, not shown here supplied by internal combustion, for example, by passing water at 100 ° C through the first heat exchanger 5.
  • the working container 5 is connected via an overflow line 7 with a first working space 8a of a pneumatic-hydraulic converter 8 in connection, which is designed as a bladder accumulator.
  • the first working space 8a is separated from a second working space 8b by a flexible membrane 8c, which separates the two working spaces 8a, 8b from each other, but allows pressure equalization.
  • the second working space 8b of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter 8 is connected to a hydraulic circuit which consists of a working machine 9 with a generator 10 flanged thereto, an oil reservoir 20, a return pump 17 and a third heat exchanger 11.
  • the third heat exchanger 11 is supplied by a pump 12.
  • Another working line 19 connects the first working space 8a of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter 8 with a second heat exchanger 16, which is connected via a feed pump 14 to the storage 1.
  • the lines 7, 19 by valves 7a, 19a are selectively closed.
  • the valve 4 is closed and there is a heating via the first heat exchanger 5. This heating is the second step. In this case, the waste heat from another process can be used.
  • a fourth step hydraulic medium is transferred from the container 20 into the second working space 8b of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter 8 via the pump 17 returned and the working fluid from the first working chamber 8a passed through the now open valve 19a in the conduit 19 through the second heat exchanger 16 and relaxed.
  • the heat absorbed by the working medium in the second heat exchanger 16 heat can be dissipated as a cooling capacity, for example, to operate a cooling system or air conditioning.
  • Fig. 2 represents a typical vapor pressure curve of a usable in the above-described cycle process working medium. It is this known as the refrigeration medium R 134 a, ie 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
  • R 134 a ie 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
  • the liquid phase is in equilibrium with the gas phase at ambient temperature at a pressure of about 6 bar. At a temperature of 100 ° C, this equilibrium pressure is about 40 bar.
  • the present invention makes it possible to optimally utilize waste heat from other processes, such as the operation of an internal combustion engine, with a simple apparatus design.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Procédé pour convertir de l'énergie thermique en travail mécanique selon les étapes suivantes qui sont réalisées dans l'ordre décrit sous la forme d'un procédé cyclique :
    - transfert d'un milieu de travail liquide à partir d'un réservoir d'alimentation (1) dans lequel il se trouve à l'équilibre avec le milieu de travail en phase gazeuse, dans un réservoir de travail (3),
    - réchauffage du milieu de travail dans le réservoir (3) par un premier échangeur de chaleur (5) de sorte que la pression du milieu de travail augmente et qu'il se vaporise partiellement,
    - débordement d'une fraction du milieu de travail à partir du réservoir (3) dans un convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique (8), le milieu hydraulique étant refoulé à partir du convertisseur hydraulique-pneumatique (8) dans une machine de travail (9) pour convertir le travail hydraulique du milieu hydraulique en travail mécanique,
    - retour du milieu de travail du convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique (8) dans le réservoir d'alimentation (1), en ce que le milieu hydraulique est ramené au moyen d'une pompe dans le convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique (8),
    procédé caractérisé en ce que
    le milieu de travail est refroidi lors de son cheminement du réservoir d'alimentation (1) au réservoir de travail (3) par un échangeur de chaleur (15) et le milieu de travail est conduit du convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique (8) en retour dans le réservoir (1) par un second échangeur de chaleur (16) pour refroidir le milieu de travail dans l'échangeur de chaleur (15).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le milieu de travail est comprimé d'une première pression basse dans le réservoir d'alimentation (1) à une seconde pression plus élevée dans le réservoir de travail (3).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le milieu de travail est transféré à l'état liquide à partir du réservoir d'alimentation (1) dans le réservoir de travail (3).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le milieu de travail réchauffé dans le réservoir de travail (3) est partiellement vaporisé et il est conduit à l'état gazeux du réservoir de travail (3) dans le convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique (8).
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le milieu de travail est réchauffé dans le réservoir de travail (3) de manière isochore.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pendant le retour du milieu de travail, du convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique (8) vers le réservoir d'alimentation (1), la liaison entre le réservoir de travail (3) et le convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique (8) est interrompue par une soupape (7a).
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le milieu hydraulique est maintenu, par un échangeur de chaleur à une température qui correspond à la température moyenne du milieu de travail dans le convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique (8).
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le milieu de travail est détendu à partir du convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique (8) à une pression de détente inférieure de la première pression dans le réservoir d'alimentation (1) pour être ensuite comprimé pour atteindre cette première pression.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on utilise une fraction de la puissance frigorifique évacuée de l'échangeur de chaleur (16) pour refroidir l'échangeur de chaleur (15).
  10. Dispositif pour convertir de l'énergie thermique en travail mécanique comprenant :
    - un réservoir d'alimentation (1) pour emmagasiner le milieu de travail à l'équilibre liquide-vapeur, un réservoir de travail (3) et une machine de travail (9) pour convertir le travail hydraulique en travail mécanique,
    - un dispositif pour transférer le milieu de travail entre le réservoir d'alimentation (1) et le réservoir de travail (3),
    - le réservoir de travail (3) étant relié à un premier échangeur de chaleur (5) pour réchauffer le milieu de travail pour augmenter sa pression et le vaporiser partiellement,
    - le réservoir de travail (3) étant en outre relié à un convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique (8) qui transfert la pression du milieu de travail à un milieu hydraulique entraînant la machine pour obtenir un travail mécanique, et
    - une pompe (17) pour le remplissage du convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique (8) avec du milieu hydraulique ainsi qu'une conduite de retour pour le milieu de travail partant du convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique (8) vers le réservoir (1), et
    - un second échangeur de chaleur (16) entre le convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique (8) et le réservoir d'alimentation (1) étant relié à l'échangeur de chaleur (15).
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10,
    caractérisé par
    une pompe d'alimentation (2) pour pomper le milieu de travail du réservoir d'alimentation (1) vers le réservoir de travail (3).
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    le premier échangeur de chaleur (5) est installé dans le réservoir de travail (3).
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la machine (9) est un moteur hydraulique.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le convertisseur pneumatique-hydraulique est un réservoir à soufflet, et le réservoir de travail (3) est un vaporisateur et le second échangeur de chaleur (16) est un condenseur.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 14,
    caractérisé par
    on prévoit une pompe de transfert en aval du second échangeur de chaleur (16),
  16. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 15,
    caractérisé par
    un troisième échangeur de chaleur (11) se trouve dans le circuit du milieu hydraulique.
  17. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 16,
    caractérisé par
    une machine thermique à combustion interne équipée d'une installation de refroidissement relié avec le réservoir de travail (3).
  18. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 17,
    caractérisé en ce que
    plusieurs réservoirs de travail (3) et convertisseurs pneumatiques-hydrauliques (8) sont branchés en parallèle.
EP07718460A 2006-06-01 2007-05-24 Procédé et dispositif pour convertir de l'énergie thermique en énergie mécanique Not-in-force EP2029878B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0095006A AT503734B1 (de) 2006-06-01 2006-06-01 Verfahren zur umwandlung thermischer energie in mechanische arbeit
PCT/AT2007/000249 WO2007137315A2 (fr) 2006-06-01 2007-05-24 Procédé et dispositif pour convertir de l'énergie thermique en énergie mécanique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2029878A2 EP2029878A2 (fr) 2009-03-04
EP2029878B1 true EP2029878B1 (fr) 2010-11-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07718460A Not-in-force EP2029878B1 (fr) 2006-06-01 2007-05-24 Procédé et dispositif pour convertir de l'énergie thermique en énergie mécanique

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US20090229265A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2029878B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009539005A (fr)
KR (1) KR20090018619A (fr)
CN (1) CN101484683B (fr)
AT (2) AT503734B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2007266295A1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0712746A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2652928A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502007005619D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2356091T3 (fr)
MX (1) MX2008015306A (fr)
RU (1) RU2429365C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007137315A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200809859B (fr)

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CN101676525A (zh) * 2008-09-17 2010-03-24 北京丸石有机肥有限公司 低温气体能量转换方法及其装置
KR20130079335A (ko) * 2010-04-15 2013-07-10 게르손 머신 리미티드 발전기
US8800280B2 (en) * 2010-04-15 2014-08-12 Gershon Machine Ltd. Generator
US9540963B2 (en) 2011-04-14 2017-01-10 Gershon Machine Ltd. Generator
KR101755804B1 (ko) 2015-07-07 2017-07-07 현대자동차주식회사 폐열회수시스템의 회수동력 전달장치
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EP3599440A1 (fr) * 2018-07-24 2020-01-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de génération d'un gaz
MA51537B1 (fr) * 2020-10-19 2022-10-31 Byah Ahmed Convertisseur d'énergie calorifique stockée dans les eaux des océans et dans l'atmosphère en énergie électrique.

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE487868T1 (de) 2010-11-15
RU2008152408A (ru) 2010-07-20
CA2652928A1 (fr) 2007-12-06
AU2007266295A1 (en) 2007-12-06
CN101484683A (zh) 2009-07-15
WO2007137315A3 (fr) 2008-12-04
AT503734B1 (de) 2008-11-15
DE502007005619D1 (de) 2010-12-23
ES2356091T3 (es) 2011-04-04
WO2007137315A2 (fr) 2007-12-06
AT503734A1 (de) 2007-12-15
JP2009539005A (ja) 2009-11-12
US20090229265A1 (en) 2009-09-17
RU2429365C2 (ru) 2011-09-20
ZA200809859B (en) 2009-11-25
CN101484683B (zh) 2012-02-22
EP2029878A2 (fr) 2009-03-04
KR20090018619A (ko) 2009-02-20
MX2008015306A (es) 2009-03-06
BRPI0712746A2 (pt) 2012-09-11

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