US2900793A - Condensing steam heated boiler feed water heating system including a condensate operated turbine - Google Patents

Condensing steam heated boiler feed water heating system including a condensate operated turbine Download PDF

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US2900793A
US2900793A US496712A US49671255A US2900793A US 2900793 A US2900793 A US 2900793A US 496712 A US496712 A US 496712A US 49671255 A US49671255 A US 49671255A US 2900793 A US2900793 A US 2900793A
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feed water
condensate
turbine
steam
water
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US496712A
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Buri Alfred
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Sulzer AG
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Sulzer AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/005—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for by means of hydraulic motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S122/00—Liquid heaters and vaporizers
    • Y10S122/05—Critical pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a condensing steam heated feed water heating system including a water turbine operated by the condensate produced in the feed water heaters of the system by condensation of the heating steam.
  • the system is particularly suitable for power plants operated with steam of supercritical pressure.
  • the pressure of the heating steam for the last preheating stage must be more than 1400 psi. Because of the greater specific heat of the feed Water at higher temperatures and because of the reduced heat drop between the heating steam and the feed water to be heated, the amount of heating steam in the last preheating stage maybe as much as 20 percent of the amount of steam produced in the steam generator of the plant.
  • the condensate available in the relatively high pressure pre heating stages is expanded for producing useful power and the expanded condensate is returned to a relatively low pressure part of the feed water supply system.
  • the condensate is preferably cooled by means of feed water prior to the expansion for power production.
  • a Water turbine is interposed in the flow of the bleeder steam condensate, the turbine being connected with and driving a useful work machine.
  • An impulse type turbine is especially suitable because it has a relatively good efficiency over a wide range of load under the prevailing pressures and with the available amounts of water. The size of such turbines is very small even if great pressure drops must be dealt with.
  • the system according to the invention does not exclude the use of reaction type turbines. Since the amount of Patented Aug; 25, 1959 available condensate may change, it is of advantage to provide means for controlling the flow area of the nozzle or jet of the impulse turbine, these means being actuated according to the amount of available condensate. Such a control may be effected mechanically, electrically, or hydraulically.
  • the shaft of the water turbine may be connected with an electric machine, for example for producing electric current to be transmitted to an electric power system.
  • the shaft of the water turbine may be connected with the feed pump of the steam generator of the power plant in which case the electric machine would be an electric motor for supplying the difference of power for driving the feed pump which is not produced by the water turbine.
  • the water turbine may be connected with a feed water reservoir for discharging the expanded condensate thereinto. If the feed water reservoiras is usualis located above the feed pump and if the turbine is connected with the feed pump, an additional pump is preferably connected with and driven by the water turbine, the last mentioned pump being used for conveying the expanded condensate into the feed water reservoir.
  • the working medium which has been evaporated and superheated in a steam generator 1 is conducted into a high pressure portion 2 of a turbine plant and-if desired, after intermediary superheating-into a low pres sure portion 3 of the turbine plant.
  • the turbine drives an electric generator 4.
  • the expanded working medium flows into a condenser 5 and may be pumped therefrom by means of a condensate pump 6 through feed water preheaters 7 and 8 into a feed water container 9.
  • the Working medium is returned by means of a'feed pump 11 through a conduit 10 and through a number of feed water preheaters namely through Water preheaters 12 and 13 which are arranged in parallel with respect to the flow of the feed water, and through feed water preheaters 14, 15, and 16 which are arranged in series-to the steam generator 1.
  • the feed water preheaters are heated by means of bleeder steam taken from the turbines.
  • the steam taken from the relatively low pressure stages of the turbines flows through conduits 17 and 18 into the feed water preheaters 7 and 8, wherefrom the condensate may be conducted into the condenser through a conduit 19.
  • the highest pressure bleeder steam is flown through a conduit 20 into the feed water preheater 16, and the accruing condensate may accumulate in a container 21. From the container 21 the condensate is conducted through the feed water preheaters 15 and 12 into a water turbine 22 for driving a bucket wheel 23.
  • steam is bled from the high pressure turbine 2 and flown through a conduit 24 and condensed in the feed water preheater 14, the condensate being accumulated in a container 25 and conducted through the feed water preheater 13 to the water turbine 22 for driving a bucket wheel 26.
  • the water turbine is coupled with a driving motor 27 for the feed pump 11 and thus directly transmits the power to the feed pump.
  • the water turbine 22 also drives a pump 29 by means of a bevel gear transmission 28 for pumping the expanded condensate through a conduit 30 into the feed water container 9.
  • a conduit 31 is pro vided for equalizing the pressure in the steam chambers of-the'water turbine 22-and of the feed water container 9.
  • Jet-control needles 32 and 33 are actuated by-means of control gears 34 and 35 so that the amount of condensate flowing through thefjets 32 and 33 is regulated in dependence on the-quantity of condensate accumulated in'the containers 25 and 21, respectively, ie in response to the'water level measuring devices 36:and 37, respectively.
  • Thediameters of the bucket wheels 23 and 26-01 the water turbine are of different size, in accordance with the different pressures at which the condensate is admitted to the individual wheels. 'l'f, for instance, at a back pressure of 100 psi. in the feed water container 9, the pressure in the bleeder conduit 20 is about 1775 psi. and the pressure inthe conduit 24 is about 570 p.s.i.,-the diameter of the bucket wheel 23 .at 3000 rpm. would be only 1' 7% and that of the bucket wheel 26 would be only 9 This shows that also with great amounts of available condensate, the dimensions of the water turbine are small.
  • the temperature of'the condensate should be reduced as much as possible by heat exchange with the feed water, so that only little steam is formed when the condensate is expanded. This is the case, if the temperature of the condensate leaving the feedwater preheaters 12 and 13 is not much higher than the temperature inside of the water turbine, which temperature is equal to the saturation temperature at the pressure prevailing in the feed water container and in the interior of the water turbine. For this reason, the condensate coming from the container 21 must be cooled in two stages, namely in the feed water preheaters 15 and 12. If the preheater 15 only were used, the cooling would be 'insuflicient. If the preheater 12only were used, the feed water would be too much heated so that it would be difficult to condense the bleeder steam from the conduit 24 in ,theheater 14.
  • the systemaccording to theinvention is applicable to all types of steam power plants, insofar as they use interstage leak-E steam for operating a feed water preheater. It is immaterial whether the plants include a forced flow or a natural circulation boiler. It is alsounimportant in how many parts the turbine plant is subdivided. Indirect or surface heat exchangers will be used as feed .water preheaters.
  • the drawing illustrates thepreheaters only diagrammatically and does not limit the invention to the use of preheaters of the type shown. An actual power plant will usually have a considerably greater number of preheaters than shown in thedrawing.
  • the water turbine may be provided with a conventional safety regulator which is actuated and closes the nozzles when the number of revolutionsof the turbine wheels exceeds a maximum value.
  • -A boiler feed water heating system for a steam'power plant comprising an indirectly condensing steam heated feed water heater, a water turbine connected with said feed water heater for receiving and being operated by condensate produced in said feed water heater by condensation of the heating steam, a-boiler feed .water'conduit,'and a pumpconnected with said turbine to bedriven thereby and for receiving Water discharged by said turbine and connected with said feed water conduitfor discharging the water thereinto.
  • a boiler feed water heating system for a steam power plant comprising an indirectly condensing steam heated feed water heater, a water turbine connected-with said feed water heater for receiving and being operated by condensate produced in said feed water heater by condensation of the heating steam, a boiler feed water conduit, said turbine being connected with said conduit for discharging the condensate thereinto, and :a feed pump interposed in said feed water conduit and connected with said turbine'to be driven'thereby.
  • a boiler -feed water heating system for a steam power plant comprising an indirectly condensing steam heated 'feed water heater, an impulse type water turbine connected with said feed water heater for receiving and being operated by condensate produced in said feedwater heater, said turbine being provided with a valve for controlling the flow of condensate into said turbine, and means responsive-to the amount of condensate produced in saidheater, said'last mentioned means 'being connected with said valve for actuating said valve in accordance with the'amount of condensate produced in said heater.
  • a boiler feed water heating system for a steam power plant comprising an indirectly condensing steam heated feed water heater, awater turbine connected with said feed water heater for receiving and'beingoperated by *condensateproduced in said feed water heater by condensation of theheating steam, a boiler feed .water conduit, said turbine being connected with said conduit for discharging the condensate thereinto, and an electric generator connected with said turbine to be driven thereby.

Description

Aug. 25, 1959 BURl 2,900,793
- CONDENSING STEAM HEATED BOILER FEED WATER HEATING SYSTEM INCLUDING A CONDENSATE OPERATED TURBINE Filed March 25, 1955 ELECTRIC 26 23 MOTOR GENERATOR INVENTOR. A L FEED B u E I.
A TTOR/VEY.
Stars CONDENSING STEAM EEATED BOILER FEED WATER HEATING SYSTEM INCLUDING A CON- DENSA-TE OPERATED TURBINE I Alfred Buri, Winterthur, Switzerland, assignor to Sulzer Freres, Societe Anonyme, Winterthur, Switzerland, a corporation of Switzerland The present invention relates to a condensing steam heated feed water heating system including a water turbine operated by the condensate produced in the feed water heaters of the system by condensation of the heating steam. The system is particularly suitable for power plants operated with steam of supercritical pressure.
In order to obtain a good overall efiiciency in plants of this type, it is desirable to raise the temperature of the feed water to above 572 F., so'that the pressure of the heating steam for the last preheating stage must be more than 1400 psi. Because of the greater specific heat of the feed Water at higher temperatures and because of the reduced heat drop between the heating steam and the feed water to be heated, the amount of heating steam in the last preheating stage maybe as much as 20 percent of the amount of steam produced in the steam generator of the plant.
It is an object of the present invention to solve the problem of returning the great amount of heating steam condensate accruing in the feed Water heaters at extraordinary pressure and temperature conditions to the high pressure steam plants only piston pumps can be used for this purpose which, because of the great pressure difference, are expensive and require much space.
It has been proposed to conduct the heating steam condensate into a suitable stage of the boiler feed pump. Since pumps having a pot-like housing are generally used for producing high feed water pressures, it is difficult to connect the aforesaid conduits with the pump.
The aforedescribed difficulties are avoided by the system according to the invention, in which at least the condensate available in the relatively high pressure pre heating stages is expanded for producing useful power and the expanded condensate is returned to a relatively low pressure part of the feed water supply system. In order to prevent excessive evaporation during the expansion the condensate is preferably cooled by means of feed water prior to the expansion for power production.
Preferably a Water turbine is interposed in the flow of the bleeder steam condensate, the turbine being connected with and driving a useful work machine. An impulse type turbine is especially suitable because it has a relatively good efficiency over a wide range of load under the prevailing pressures and with the available amounts of water. The size of such turbines is very small even if great pressure drops must be dealt with. The system according to the invention, however, does not exclude the use of reaction type turbines. Since the amount of Patented Aug; 25, 1959 available condensate may change, it is of advantage to provide means for controlling the flow area of the nozzle or jet of the impulse turbine, these means being actuated according to the amount of available condensate. Such a control may be effected mechanically, electrically, or hydraulically.
. The shaft of the water turbine may be connected with an electric machine, for example for producing electric current to be transmitted to an electric power system. In addition, the shaft of the water turbine may be connected with the feed pump of the steam generator of the power plant in which case the electric machine would be an electric motor for supplying the difference of power for driving the feed pump which is not produced by the water turbine.
The water turbine may be connected with a feed water reservoir for discharging the expanded condensate thereinto. If the feed water reservoiras is usualis located above the feed pump and if the turbine is connected with the feed pump, an additional pump is preferably connected with and driven by the water turbine, the last mentioned pump being used for conveying the expanded condensate into the feed water reservoir.
The novel features which are considered characteristic of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself however and additional objects and advantages thereof will best be understood from the following description of embodiments thereof when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, the one figure of which diagrammatically illustrates a layout of a plant according to the invention.
The working medium which has been evaporated and superheated in a steam generator 1 is conducted into a high pressure portion 2 of a turbine plant and-if desired, after intermediary superheating-into a low pres sure portion 3 of the turbine plant. The turbine drives an electric generator 4. The expanded working medium flows into a condenser 5 and may be pumped therefrom by means of a condensate pump 6 through feed water preheaters 7 and 8 into a feed water container 9. From the feed water container 9 the Working medium is returned by means of a'feed pump 11 through a conduit 10 and through a number of feed water preheaters namely through Water preheaters 12 and 13 which are arranged in parallel with respect to the flow of the feed water, and through feed water preheaters 14, 15, and 16 which are arranged in series-to the steam generator 1.
. The feed water preheaters are heated by means of bleeder steam taken from the turbines. The steam taken from the relatively low pressure stages of the turbines flows through conduits 17 and 18 into the feed water preheaters 7 and 8, wherefrom the condensate may be conducted into the condenser through a conduit 19. The highest pressure bleeder steam is flown through a conduit 20 into the feed water preheater 16, and the accruing condensate may accumulate in a container 21. From the container 21 the condensate is conducted through the feed water preheaters 15 and 12 into a water turbine 22 for driving a bucket wheel 23. Similarly, steam is bled from the high pressure turbine 2 and flown through a conduit 24 and condensed in the feed water preheater 14, the condensate being accumulated in a container 25 and conducted through the feed water preheater 13 to the water turbine 22 for driving a bucket wheel 26. The water turbine is coupled with a driving motor 27 for the feed pump 11 and thus directly transmits the power to the feed pump. The water turbine 22 also drives a pump 29 by means of a bevel gear transmission 28 for pumping the expanded condensate through a conduit 30 into the feed water container 9. A conduit 31 is pro vided for equalizing the pressure in the steam chambers of-the'water turbine 22-and of the feed water container 9.
Jet-control needles 32 and 33 are actuated by-means of control gears 34 and 35 so that the amount of condensate flowing through thefjets 32 and 33 is regulated in dependence on the-quantity of condensate accumulated in'the containers 25 and 21, respectively, ie in response to the'water level measuring devices 36:and 37, respectively.
Thediameters of the bucket wheels 23 and 26-01: the water turbine are of different size, in accordance with the different pressures at which the condensate is admitted to the individual wheels. 'l'f, for instance, at a back pressure of 100 psi. in the feed water container 9, the pressure in the bleeder conduit 20 is about 1775 psi. and the pressure inthe conduit 24 is about 570 p.s.i.,-the diameter of the bucket wheel 23 .at 3000 rpm. would be only 1' 7% and that of the bucket wheel 26 would be only 9 This shows that also with great amounts of available condensate, the dimensions of the water turbine are small.
The temperature of'the condensate should be reduced as much as possible by heat exchange with the feed water, so that only little steam is formed when the condensate is expanded. This is the case, if the temperature of the condensate leaving the feedwater preheaters 12 and 13 is not much higher than the temperature inside of the water turbine, which temperature is equal to the saturation temperature at the pressure prevailing in the feed water container and in the interior of the water turbine. For this reason, the condensate coming from the container 21 must be cooled in two stages, namely in the feed water preheaters 15 and 12. If the preheater 15 only were used, the cooling would be 'insuflicient. If the preheater 12only were used, the feed water would be too much heated so that it would be difficult to condense the bleeder steam from the conduit 24 in ,theheater 14.
The systemaccording to theinvention is applicable to all types of steam power plants, insofar as they use interstage leak-E steam for operating a feed water preheater. It is immaterial whether the plants include a forced flow or a natural circulation boiler. It is alsounimportant in how many parts the turbine plant is subdivided. Indirect or surface heat exchangers will be used as feed .water preheaters. The drawing illustrates thepreheaters only diagrammatically and does not limit the invention to the use of preheaters of the type shown. An actual power plant will usually have a considerably greater number of preheaters than shown in thedrawing.
The water turbine may be provided with a conventional safety regulator which is actuated and closes the nozzles when the number of revolutionsof the turbine wheels exceeds a maximum value.
What is claimed is:
1. -A boiler feed water heating system for a steam'power plant comprising an indirectly condensing steam heated feed water heater, a water turbine connected with said feed water heater for receiving and being operated by condensate produced in said feed water heater by condensation of the heating steam, a-boiler feed .water'conduit,'and a pumpconnected with said turbine to bedriven thereby and for receiving Water discharged by said turbine and connected with said feed water conduitfor discharging the water thereinto.
2. A boiler feed water heating system .for a steam power plant comprising an indirectly condensing steam heated feed water heater, a water turbine connected-with said feed water heater for receiving and being operated by condensate produced in said feed water heater by condensation of the heating steam, a boiler feed water conduit, said turbine being connected with said conduit for discharging the condensate thereinto, and :a feed pump interposed in said feed water conduit and connected with said turbine'to be driven'thereby.
'3. A boiler -feed water heating system for a steam power plant comprising an indirectly condensing steam heated 'feed water heater, an impulse type water turbine connected with said feed water heater for receiving and being operated by condensate produced in said feedwater heater, said turbine being provided with a valve for controlling the flow of condensate into said turbine, and means responsive-to the amount of condensate produced in saidheater, said'last mentioned means 'being connected with said valve for actuating said valve in accordance with the'amount of condensate produced in said heater.
"4. A boiler feed water heating system for a steam power plant comprising an indirectly condensing steam heated feed water heater, awater turbine connected with said feed water heater for receiving and'beingoperated by *condensateproduced in said feed water heater by condensation of theheating steam, a boiler feed .water conduit, said turbine being connected with said conduit for discharging the condensate thereinto, and an electric generator connected with said turbine to be driven thereby.
References Cited in the file of this patent -UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,573,851 Nyft'enegger Feb. 23, 1926 FOREIGN PATENTS 470,033 Germany Jan. 5, 1929 575,404 Germany Apr. 27, 1933
US496712A 1954-04-06 1955-03-25 Condensing steam heated boiler feed water heating system including a condensate operated turbine Expired - Lifetime US2900793A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3420212A (en) * 1967-03-27 1969-01-07 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Circuit for a regenerative preheating
US4408460A (en) * 1980-01-18 1983-10-11 Hamon-Sobelco, S.A. Heating system for a steam turbine energy producing plant
US4516403A (en) * 1983-10-21 1985-05-14 Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Waste heat recovery system for an internal combustion engine
WO2007137315A3 (en) * 2006-06-01 2008-12-04 Int Innovations Ltd Method and device for converting thermal energy into mechanical work
ITBS20090153A1 (en) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-13 Turboden Srl METHOD AND PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM LOCALIZED FOR DIATHERMIC OIL CIRCUITS
US20110131993A1 (en) * 2009-12-05 2011-06-09 Alstom Technology Ltd Steam power plant with heat reservoir and method for operating a steam power plant
WO2019001645A1 (en) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-03 Ingo Tjards Power plant for generating electrical energy

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1573851A (en) * 1925-04-29 1926-02-23 Firm Of Ag Der Maschinenfabrik Steam-turbine installation
DE470033C (en) * 1926-09-19 1929-01-05 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Heat converter system for steam power plants with fluctuating power requirements
DE575404C (en) * 1931-06-19 1933-04-27 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Steam power plant

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1573851A (en) * 1925-04-29 1926-02-23 Firm Of Ag Der Maschinenfabrik Steam-turbine installation
DE470033C (en) * 1926-09-19 1929-01-05 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Heat converter system for steam power plants with fluctuating power requirements
DE575404C (en) * 1931-06-19 1933-04-27 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Steam power plant

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3420212A (en) * 1967-03-27 1969-01-07 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Circuit for a regenerative preheating
US4408460A (en) * 1980-01-18 1983-10-11 Hamon-Sobelco, S.A. Heating system for a steam turbine energy producing plant
US4516403A (en) * 1983-10-21 1985-05-14 Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Waste heat recovery system for an internal combustion engine
WO2007137315A3 (en) * 2006-06-01 2008-12-04 Int Innovations Ltd Method and device for converting thermal energy into mechanical work
CN101484683B (en) * 2006-06-01 2012-02-22 国际创新有限公司 Method and device for converting thermal energy into mechanical work
ITBS20090153A1 (en) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-13 Turboden Srl METHOD AND PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM LOCALIZED FOR DIATHERMIC OIL CIRCUITS
WO2011018814A3 (en) * 2009-08-12 2011-05-12 Turboden S.R.L. Localized pressurization method and system for a diathermic oil circuit
US20110131993A1 (en) * 2009-12-05 2011-06-09 Alstom Technology Ltd Steam power plant with heat reservoir and method for operating a steam power plant
US9169744B2 (en) * 2009-12-05 2015-10-27 Volker Schüle Steam power plant with heat reservoir and method for operating a steam power plant
WO2019001645A1 (en) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-03 Ingo Tjards Power plant for generating electrical energy

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