EP2025410A1 - Grinding device - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a fixed tool (151) arranged in a working space (80) and another fixed tool (111) arranged on a movable tool carrier (91). A position of closest gap between the tools is changed during the movement of the tool carrier. Length of the closest gap between the tools is equal to smallest distance between working edges (115, 155) of the tools. A working surface lies in a common plane with a rotation axis of the tool carrier. A supply device (10) is arranged above the tool carrier.

Description

The invention relates to a crushing device for elastically and / or plastically deformable one-component materials or for multi-component materials, in which at least one material is elastically and / or plastically deformable, with a feeding device, a working space and an output device, wherein at least in the working space a first fixed tool and on a movable tool carrier at least a second tool is arranged, and wherein at each movement of the tool carrier, at least the location of the narrowest gap between the first and the second tool changes.

From the US 5,695,131 Such a device is known. In a relative movement of the two tools to each other, the two tools approach each other after the working edges have passed each other. The gap between the two tools is reduced, whereby the workpiece machined in the work space is compressed between the opposing tool surfaces with high energy requirements. The shortest distance of the tools is reached as soon as the moving tool has reached the edge facing away from the working edge of the stationary tool.

The present invention is therefore based on the problem of developing a crushing device which has a low, uniform energy requirement.

This problem is solved with the features of the main claim. For this purpose, the length of the narrowest gap between the first and the second tool is equal to the smallest distance of the working edges of these tools.

Figur 1:

Reifenzerkleinerungsvorrichtung;

Figur 2:

Zuführvorrichtung;

Figur 3:

Dimetrische Ansicht der Einschub- und der Rückhaltevorrichtung;

Figur 4:

Antrieb der Einschub- und der Rückhaltevorrichtung;

Figur 5:

Werkzeugträger mit Werkzeugen;

Figur 6:

Detail des Arbeitsraums;

Figur 7:

Ausgabevorrichtung.

Further details of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description of schematically illustrated embodiments.

FIG. 1:

Tire shredding device;

FIG. 2:

feeder;

FIG. 3:

Dimetric view of the insertion and retention device;

FIG. 4:

Drive of the insertion and the retention device;

FIG. 5:

Tool carrier with tools;

FIG. 6:

Detail of the workspace;

FIG. 7:

Output device.

The FIG. 1 shows a crushing device (1) for elastically and / or plastically deformable one-component materials or for multi-component materials, in which at least one material is elastically and / or plastically deformable. Such a device is for example a tire shredding device (1). In this example, as Workpieces Waste tires consisting of a composite material made of steel and vulcanised rubber are comminuted into a mixture of rubber and steel parts.

The tire crusher (1) comprises a feeder (10), a work space (80) and an output device (180). The working space (80) is encompassed by a housing (5), in whose upper area the supply device (10) is arranged. The dispensing device (180) limits the working space (80) and optionally comprises a conveying device arranged below the working space (80). The delivery device (10) can additionally be provided with a hood.

The in the FIGS. 1 and 2 The feeding device (10) shown comprises an insertion funnel (11), a slide-in (21) and a retaining device (41). The opening angle of the insertion funnel (11) in the plane of the drawing is, for example, 33 degrees. The top-down tapered insertion funnel (11) has in this embodiment, normal to the plane of the drawing a length that is 10 millimeters larger than the maximum recordable tire diameter. The maximum receivable tire diameter of the crushing device (1) shown here is 900 millimeters. In another embodiment of the system, the recordable tire diameter can be up to 2000 millimeters.

The insertion device (21) comprises three, for example, vertically stacked insertion rollers (22 - 24). Below these rollers (22-24), the retaining device (41) is arranged, which comprises a retaining roller (42). The latter is in the representations of FIGS. 1 and 2 arranged vertically below the aforementioned rollers (22-24). The rollers (22 - 24, 42) limit in these representations the left side of the insertion funnel (11).

The right side of the in the FIGS. 1 and 2 shown insertion funnel (11) is limited by means of a funnel edge (12). On the outside of the insertion funnel (11) three auxiliary rollers (52-54) are arranged here.

On all insertion rollers (22 - 24) and on the retaining roller (42), for example, positively mounted, mutually offset by half a pitch, for example, hook discs (26 - 28, 43), see. FIG. 3 , The top insertion roller (22) has, for example, 14 hook discs (26), the third insertion roller (24) has 12 hook discs (28). The individual hook discs (26-28; 43) of a roller (22-24; 42) are spaced from each other by, for example, 60 millimeters. The hook discs (26, 27, 27, 28, 28, 43) of two adjacent rollers (22, 23, 23, 24, 24, 42) are offset from one another in the axial direction of the rollers (22, 23, 24, 42).

The hook discs (26, 27, 28) of the three insertion rollers (22 - 24) of the insertion device (21) have blunt hooks (31 - 33), opposite to the direction of rotation (25) of the hook discs (26 - 28) - in the FIG. 2 this is oriented clockwise - show. The hooks (26 - 28) thus have a long (34) and a short edge (35), wherein in the direction of rotation (25) of the hook discs (26 - 28), the long edges (34) are front. The long flanks (34) are referred to below as pressure flanks (34) and the short flanks (35) as holding flanks (35).

The diameter of the hook discs (26, 27) of the upper two insertion rollers (22, 23) is, for example, the same size, the diameter The hook discs (28) of the third insertion roller (24), for example, 75% of this diameter.

The diameter of the hook discs (43) of the retaining roller (42) in this embodiment is about 69% of the diameter of the hook discs (26, 27) of the first two insertion rollers (22, 23), so that the peripheral speed of the hook discs (43) of the retaining roller ( 42) is correspondingly lower. The hooks (46) of the hook discs (43) are pointed and are aligned counter to the direction of rotation (45) of the retaining roller (42).

All three insertion rollers (22-24) and the retaining roller (42) are driven, for example, by means of a common drive motor (61) with, for example, a downstream transmission gear, cf. the FIGS. 3 and 4 , But they can also be driven individually. On the transmission output shaft (62) sit two sprockets (63, 64), each by means of a roller chain (65, 66) with a sprocket (36, 37) on the first (22) and the second insertion roller (23) are connected. On the second insertion roller (23) sits a second sprocket (38) by means of another roller chain (67) drives a sprocket (39) on the third insertion roller (24). Another roller chain (68) connects another sprocket (29) on the second insertion roller (23) with a sprocket (47) on the retaining roller (47). The latter sprockets (29, 38, 39, 47), for example, the same number of teeth, so that the angular velocity of the two insertion rollers (23, 24) and the retaining roller (42) is equal. Due to the smaller outer diameter of the hook discs (28) of the third insertion roller (24) whose peripheral speed is less than the peripheral speed of the first two insertion rollers (22, 23).

In order to produce the different peripheral speeds of the hook wheels (26-28), the diameters and / or the numbers of teeth of the sprockets (63, 64, 36-38, 39, 47) can also be changed. For example, identical hook wheels can then be used at least for the first three insertion shafts (22-24). Other drive arrangements are conceivable.

The auxiliary rollers (52-54) have hook washers (56) which protrude through slots (13) in the insertion funnel (11). The hook washers (56) have radially oriented bevelled hooks (57). All of these auxiliary rollers (52-54) are jointly driven by means of a roller chain drive, not shown here, by an electric motor (59). In the exemplary embodiment, the direction of rotation (53) of the auxiliary rollers (52-54) is oriented in the counterclockwise direction.

The lower insertion roller (24), for example, in a guide slot (71) about the second insertion roller (23) pivotally. For this, e.g. a pneumatic cylinder-Kobeneinheit connected to the driver (72).

The retaining roller (42) is pivotable about the second insertion roller (23). The drive for this example follows by means of the driver (73) and a pneumatic cylinder-piston unit, not shown here. These cylinder-piston units hold, for example, the third insertion roller (24) and the retaining roller (42) at a constant pressure in the FIGS. 1 and 2 shown location. If, for example, the pressure in one of the cylinder-piston units exceeds a threshold of 4 bar, the corresponding roller (24, 42) is pivoted. The maximum swing angle, the two swivel rollers (24, 42) from their in the representation of FIG. 1 shown rest position can be swung out, for example, 12 degrees clockwise.

In the working space (80), three fixed groups (141-143) of tools (151) and 36 tools (111; 112) mounted on a movable tool carrier (91) are arranged in the exemplary embodiment. The Indian FIG. 5 illustrated tool carrier (91) is in this embodiment, in the housing (5) rotatably mounted roller (91) whose largest diameter range, for example, is 500 millimeters. Their total length is for example 1340 millimeters, the length of the largest diameter range (92) is 870 millimeters in this embodiment. At the graduated to the bearing seats (93, 94) oriented end faces (96) of the maximum diameter portion (92) are each four projections (97) with a length of eg
15 millimeters and a width of 40 millimeters arranged. These projections (97) enclose with a radial on the central axis (95) of the roller (91), for example, an angle of 30 degrees counter to the direction of rotation (99).

Outside the bearing seat (94) sits e.g. secured with a feather key connection is a toothed washer (98), which is for example driven by an electric motor, e.g. can be driven by means of a toothed belt drive.

The large diameter range (92) of the roller has, for example
36 depressions (103), in each of which, for example, a cuboid tool block (105) sits. The depressions (103) are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the roller (91) in this embodiment in twelve rows (121 - 132), which each have a distance of eg 67 millimeters. In each case three depressions (103) offset by 120 degrees from one another are arranged along a circumferential line. The individual rows (121 - 132) of the depressions are against each other added. For example, the depressions (103) of the first two rows (121, 122) are offset by 30 degrees from one another, the depressions (103) of the third row (123) are offset by 60 degrees with respect to the depressions of the second row (122). The depressions (103) of the fourth row (124) are offset by 30 degrees from the depressions (103) of the third row (123) and the depressions of the fifth row are 50 degrees opposite the depressions (103) of the fourth row (124). offset, etc. Overall, the depressions (103) are each offset by 10 degrees to each other, wherein in the representation of FIG. 5 in the longitudinal direction, two right-oriented rows (121, 122; 125, 126; 129, 130) of depressions (103) and two left-oriented rows (123, 124; 127, 128; 131, 132) of depressions (103) alternate.

All depressions (103) have identical dimensions and are pocket-shaped, with the edge (104) lying in the direction of rotation adjacent to the circumferential surface (106). The bottom surfaces (107) in the exemplary embodiment have a length of 124 millimeters and a width
of 70 millimeters. They are tangent to an imaginary cylinder coaxial with the roller (91), the diameter of which is 95% of the outside diameter of the roller (91).

In the bottom surfaces (107) thread depressions are introduced, in which the tool blocks (105) e.g. by means of hexagon socket screws (109) are attached.

The tool blocks (105) comprise the rotatable tools (111, 112). In this case, a tool (111) lies in front of a tool (112) in the direction of rotation (99) of the tool carrier (91). The tools (111, 112) each have a working edge (115) lying in front in the direction of rotation (99), a working (116) and an open surface (117), cf. FIG. 6 , The respective working edge (115) is for example straight and lies for example parallel to the central axis (95) of the roller (91). All working edges (115) are thus generatrix sections of a central axis (95) of the tool carrier (91) coaxial imaginary cylinder (119). But the working edges (115) can also be bent or obliquely executed, as long as each point of the working edges (115) is a point of the lateral surface of the imaginary cylinder (119). The wedge angle (118) enclosed by the working (116) and the free surface (117) is eg 90 degrees. In the exemplary embodiment, the work surfaces (116) of the rotatable tools (111, 112) are offset in the direction of rotation (99) by an angle of 14 degrees to a radial to the central axis (95) of the tool carrier (91). The wedge angle (118) may also be smaller, but the flank (117) does not intersect the imaginary cylinder (119) and the work surface (116) does not angle against the direction of rotation (99) with a radial to the central axis (95) of the tool carrier (91).

The fixed tools (151) are, for example, in the housing (5) fixed plates (146) with an integrated stop bar (147). They protrude with their stop bar (147) facing away from the end in the direction of the rotatable tool carrier (91). In the exemplary embodiment, three stationary tools (151) are arranged next to each other and form a tool group (141 - 143). However, a tool group (141-143) can also comprise a single tool (151) or, for example, five stationary tools (151) arranged next to one another. The first group (141) of tools (151) is shown in FIG FIG. 1 offset in the direction of rotation by an angle of 20 degrees to the vertical in the direction of rotation (99), the second group (142) of tools (151) is offset in the rotational direction (99) by an angle of 175 degrees to the first tool group (141) ,

The included angle of the third (143) and the second tool group (142) in this embodiment is 128 degrees. The stationary tools (151) are thus arranged so that their angular pitch is not an integer multiple of the angular pitch of the rotatable tools (111, 112).

The tools (111, 112, 151) are made, for example, from a hardened tool number for cold work, e.g. X153CrMoV12 with the material number 1.2379.

Each of the fixed tools (151) has a working edge (155) oriented counter to the direction of rotation (99) of the tool carrier (91), in which a working surface (156) and a free surface (157) adjoin one another. The wedge angle (158) of these tools (151) is for example 90 degrees. This wedge angle (158) can also be smaller for the same position of the work surface (156). The tools (151) are individually adjustable in the radial direction and in the angular position. In the exemplary embodiment, they are adjusted so that their eg straight working edges (155) are aligned with each other and at least approximately parallel to the working edges (115) of the rotatable tools (111, 112). Also, the working edges (155) of the stationary tools (151) can be made oblique or curved, as long as each of its points is a lateral surface point of a coaxial cylinder intended for the rotatable tool carrier (91). The work surfaces (156) of the stationary tools (151) are aligned in the exemplary embodiment so that they are in a common plane with the axis of rotation (95) of the rotatable tool carrier (91). The sum of the lengths of all working edges (115) of the rotatable tools (111, 112) in the exemplary embodiment is equal to the sum of the length of all working edges (155) of the fixed tools (151). It is 2520 millimeters here. This length thus corresponds at least approximately to the sum of the circumferential length the maximum diameter region (92) of the tool carrier (91) and the length of this region (92).

In the FIG. 6 a detail of the working space (80) with a fixed (151) and a rotatable tool (111) is shown. During a rotation of the tool carrier (91), the working edge (115) of the rotatable tool (111) moves along the lateral surface of the imaginary cylinder (119). During a movement of the rotatable tool in the direction of rotation (99) in the in the FIG. 6 shown position approaches the rotating tool (111) and the stationary tool (151) to each other. The shortest distance of the tools (111, 151) is the distance between the respective working edges (115, 155). In the illustrated position, the two working edges (115, 155) define the narrowest gap (161) between the rotating (111) and stationary tools (151). In the illustrated embodiment, in this position, the working edge (115) of the rotatable tool (111) in the plane in which the working surface (156) of the stationary tool (151) and the axis of rotation (95) of the rotatable tool carrier (91). The distance of the tools (111, 151) is now for example 0.1 millimeters, but it can be up to one millimeter.

In a continuation of the rotation of the rotatable tool (111) in the direction of rotation (99) moves the working edge (115) further along the lateral surface of the imaginary cylinder (119). The radial through the axis of rotation (95) and the working edge (115) now hits the free surface (157) of the stationary tool (151). The distance between the tools (111, 151) becomes larger. At the same time changes - at least relative to the fixed tool (151) and the housing (5) - the position of the currently narrowest gap (161) between the tools (111, 151). This will be with every movement the tool carrier (91) the location of the narrowest gap (161) between the two tools (111, 151) changed.

In the tire crusher (1) of the embodiment, the fixed (151) and rotatable tools (111, 112) are distributed such that at most one maximum working edge (115) of a single rotatable tool (111; 112) in the plane of the work surface (156) of the fixed tool (151). The shortest distance is thus limited in the embodiment of 2.8% of the sum of the length of all working edges (115, 155). The length of the shortest distance limiting working edges (115, 155) may be up to 5% of the sum of the lengths of all working edges (115, 155).

In a bent embodiment of the working edges (115; 155) of the fixed and / or rotatable tools (151; 111, 112), the location of the narrowest gap (161) between the tools (151; in the axial direction of the tool carrier (91). In this case, the distance of the tools (151, 111, 112) in the angular segment is constant, in which the working edges (115, 155) pass each other.

In the FIG. 7 the dispenser (180) is shown. It comprises two screens (181, 182) which are, for example, coaxial to the rotatable tool carrier (91) between the first (141) and the second (142) and between the second (142) and the third group (143) fixed tools (151). are arranged. The first sieve (181) thus covers in the exemplary embodiment an angular segment of 160 degrees, the second (182) of 113 degrees. The distance of the sieves (181, 182) from the tool carrier (91) is for example one tenth of the diameter of the tool carrier (91). The distance of the sieves (181) to the Tool carrier (91) can shrink in the direction of rotation (99), wherein the greatest distance, for example in the direction of rotation (99), lies directly behind the respective group (141-143) of fixed tools (151). The sieves (181, 182) have in the exemplary embodiment a plurality of openings (183) of the same cross section, for example 25 millimeters. The sieves (181, 182) are surrounded by baffles (184, 185).

The sieves (181, 182) and baffles (184, 185) are fastened to supports (186, 187) which are pivotally mounted, for example, in drive shafts (188, 189). In the presentation of the FIG. 1 Both supports (186, 187) are locked, for example. In order to swivel the carriers (186, 187) with the sieves (181, 182), a cable or a chain can be struck in the eyelet (191) after unlocking, for example, and the dispenser (180) can be struck by means of the drive units (192, 193). be opened. After opening, the working space (80) can be cleaned and / or the tools (151, 111, 112) can be replaced, etc.

Below the sieves (181, 182), e.g. a conveying device and a magnetic separator may be arranged.

For example, to produce a grain mixture from a used tire, the tire is divided into pieces or pre-shredded, for example by means of a conveyor belt in the insertion funnel (11) of the feeder (10). The insertion rollers (22 - 24) and the auxiliary rollers (51 - 54) rotate in their respective direction of rotation (25, 55). The insertion device (21) detects the tire or the tire parts and pushes them in the direction of the working space (80). This insertion support the auxiliary rollers (51-54), which promote the tire on the funnel edge (12) along. The hook discs (26-56) press against the tire without penetrating the tire. The peripheral speed the hook discs (28) of the third insertion roller (24) is less than the peripheral speed of the hook discs (26, 27) of the first two rollers (22, 23) so that the insertion speed of the tire is reduced. The pointed hooks (46) of the restraining roller (42) engage the tire. Due to their low peripheral speed - in the embodiment, the peripheral speed of the hooks (46), for example, 69% of the peripheral speed of the hook discs (26) of the insertion roller (22) - delay the tire. The tire enters the working space (80) in the direction of rotation (99) of the tool carrier (91) immediately behind the upper vertex.

If the tire should jam, the pressure on the cylinder-piston units increases, e.g. to a pressure above the set threshold. The lowermost insertion roller (24) and / or the restraining roller (42) are then pivoted individually or jointly around the second insertion roller (23). The control can be automatic or manual. In an automatic control this may e.g. pneumatically, hydraulically, by means of a spring element, etc. In a manual control, the rollers (24, 42) are singly or jointly e.g. adjusted by means of a crank or a screw. After swinging the tire moves u.a. due to its gravity in the direction of the working space (80).

The rotational speed of the rotatable tool carrier (91) is for example 300 revolutions per minute. The peripheral speed of the working edges (115) of the rotatable tools (111, 112) is thus 9 meters per second.

As soon as the tire gets into the working space (80), it is taken away by the rotating tools (111, 112). These pull the tire towards the stationary tools (151).

At this time, the tire is stretched between the tools (111, 112) and the restraining roller (42). The e.g. Two materials of the composite material from which the tire is made are deformed to different degrees. While the rubber allows a wide elastic and plastic elongation, the steel wires allow only lower elastic and plastic elongation before fracture. The two materials of the composite material are thus torn apart. Parts of the tire now rest on the working surface (116) of the rotating tool (111) and are conveyed in the direction of the stationary tool (151). When passing the two working edges (115, 155), the steel parts of the tire are sheared while the rubber parts are held by means of the gap (161) between the working edges (115, 155) and stretched in the circumferential direction. The rubber parts are torn apart. When tearing apart the cross section of the rubber parts is changed, if necessary, the single rubber part is additionally squeezed. For example, the steel parts of the tire continue to rest against the working surfaces (116, 156), thus further contributing to the rupture of the rubber parts. At the same time the rubber parts and the steel parts are separated from each other. In this case, essentially forces are applied to the tools (111, 112, 151) only in the circumferential direction, that is to say on the work surfaces (116, 156). The free surfaces (117, 157) remain largely unloaded, so that only small radial forces arise on the bearings.

As soon as the working edge (115) of the first rotating tool (111) has passed the working edges (155) of the first group (141) of fixed tools (151), the working edge (115) of the next rotating tool (112) approaches this group (141 ) fixed tools (151). Even when passing these working edges (115, 155) tire parts are crushed. When passing the working edges (115, 155) is increased drive power is required for a short period of time. However, since a maximum of 5% of the length of all working edges (115, 155) cooperate with each other at a time, the fluctuations in power consumption are very small. The high number of tools (111, 112, 151) thus leads to a large number of power peaks and power sinks of low amplitude. In the exemplary embodiment, there are 108 power peaks and power sinks per revolution of the tool carrier (91). Thus, during operation, a largely constant, low power requirement. Accordingly, the device (1) has a low energy requirement.

In an oblique or curved design of the working edges (115, 155), the amplitude of the required power consumption can optionally be further reduced.

The shredded tire parts are conveyed further by the rotating tools (111, 112) in the direction of rotation (99). Here, the crushed tire parts are promoted, inter alia, due to the centrifugal force along the working surface (116) in the direction of the sieves (181, 182). At the passage of the next group (142) fixed tools (151) the tire parts are further crushed. These parts of the tire can be heated and baked by the comminution process. If the resulting tire parts have a cross-section which is smaller than the diameter of a screen breakthrough (183), they pass through the sieve (181, 182) and are conveyed by means of the guide plates (184, 185), for example in the direction of the conveyor belt and the magnetic separator. On the conveyor belt, a grain mixture of rubber and steel grains, the maximum cross section of which corresponds to the free cross section of a Siebdurchbruchs (183) is formed.

The material conveyed in the working space (80) is axially displaced by means of the staggered tool blocks (105) into e.g. three areas concentrated, e.g. lie between the second (122) and third (123), sixth (126) and seventh (127) and the tenth (130) and eleventh tool row (131). Since no two juxtaposed rotating tools (111, 112) engage in succession in time, the tool carrier (91) is loaded substantially uniformly.

The projections (97) arranged laterally on the tool carrier (91) prevent the penetration of tire parts into the storage areas during the rotation of the tool carrier (91). Possibly penetrated parts of the tire are conveyed back into the working space (80) by the draft of air produced during the rotation of the tool carrier (91).

Between the rotating tools (111, 112) and the screens (181, 182), during operation of the device (1), tire parts can accumulate which have not yet been comminuted to the required grain size. These tire parts are entrained again in the further rotation and further crushed. Due to the large sieve surface, even when blocking a sieve (181, 182), the discharge of the shredded tire parts is not hindered. Thus, for further processing, no increase in drive power - and thus no additional energy - for the rotatable tool carrier (91) is required.

Due to the uniform power requirement, the tools (111, 112, 151) are stressed substantially uniformly. The working edges (115, 155) and work surfaces (116, 156) of the fixed (151) and the rotatable tools (111, 112) are subject to at least approximately the same wear stress. The largely unloaded open spaces (117, 157) are claimed only to a small extent for wear. If, for example, a rotatable tool (111, 112) is worn, the corresponding tool block (105) can be rotated by 180 degrees in the exemplary embodiment after opening the working space (80). The new working edge (115) is now, for example, the edge that was previously oriented counter to the direction of rotation (99).

Instead of a tire, another elastically and / or plastically deformable one-component material can be comminuted with the device described. Also a comminution of a multi-component material using e.g. only one material is elastically and / or plastically deformable is conceivable.

The movable tool carrier (91) can also be designed as a belt conveyor, chain conveyor, etc., instead of as a roller (91). The fixed tools (151) then have, for example, all the same distance from this tool carrier (91).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Crushing device,
Tire shredding device

5

casing

10

feeder

11

insertion funnel

12

former flank

13

slots

21

insertion device

22

first insertion roller, upper insertion roller

23

second insertion roller, middle insertion roller

24

third insertion roller, lower insertion roller

25

Direction of rotation of (22 -24)

26

Hook Washers from (22)

27

Hook discs from (23)

28

Hook discs from (24)

29

Sprocket on (23)

31 - 33

Hook from (26 - 28)

34

long flank, pressure flank

35

short flank, holding flank

36

Sprocket on (22)

37

Sprocket on (23)

38

Sprocket on (23)

39

Sprocket on (24)

41

Restraint

42

Retaining roller

43

Hook Washers from (42)

45

Direction of rotation of (42)

46

Hook of (43)

47

Sprocket on (42)

52-54

auxiliary rollers

55

Direction of rotation of (52 - 54)

56

Hook Washers from (52 - 54)

57

Hook of (56)

59

electric motor

61

drive motor

62

Gearbox output shaft

63

Sprocket

64

Sprocket

65

roller chain

66

roller chain

67

roller chain

68

roller chain

71

Guide slot

72

takeaway

73

spigot

80

working space

91

movable tool carrier, rotatable tool carrier, rotatable roller

92

maximum diameter range

93, 94

bearing seats

95

Central axis of (91), axis of rotation

96

front sides

97

projections

98

toothed washer

99

Direction of movement, direction of rotation

103

depressions

104

Edge of (103)

105

tool Klotz

106

Circumferential area of (91)

107

Floor areas of (103)

109

Allen screws

111, 112

movable tools, rotatable tools

115

working edge

116

working surface

117

open space

118

wedge angle

119

cylinder

121 - 132

Series of (103; 111, 112)

141 - 143

Groups of tools (151)

146

plates

147

stop strips

151

fixed tools

155

working edges

156

countertops

157

areas

158

wedge angle

161

narrowest gap

180

output device

181

scree

182

scree

183

Breakthroughs, screen breakthroughs

184

baffles

185

baffles

186

carrier

187

carrier

188

propeller shaft

189

propeller shaft

191

eyelet

192

drive unit

193

drive unit

Claims (12)

Crushing device (1) for elastically and / or plastically deformable one-component materials or for multi-component materials, in which at least one material is elastically and / or plastically deformable, with a feed device (10), a working space (80) and an output device (180), wherein in the working space (80) at least a first fixed tool (151) and on a movable tool carrier (91) at least one second tool (111; 112) is arranged and wherein at each movement of the tool carrier (91) at least the Location of the narrowest gap (161) between the first (151) and the second tool (111; 112) changes, characterized
that the length of the narrowest gap (161) between the first (151) and the second tool (111;; 112) is equal to the smallest distance of the working edges (115, 155) of these tools (112, 151 111, 151). Crushing device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable tool carrier (91) is rotatable. Crushing device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the working surface (156) of the stationary tool (151) with the axis of rotation (95) of the rotatable tool carrier (91) lies in a common plane. Crushing device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the supply device (10) above the rotatable tool carrier (91) is arranged. Crushing device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding device (10) comprises a slide-in (21) and a retaining device (41). Crushing device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the narrowest gap (161) between the tools (111, 112, 151) is limited to a maximum of 5% of the length of all working edges (115, 155). Crushing device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the length of the narrowest gap between the tools (111, 151; 112, 151) is between 0.1 millimeter and 1 millimeter. Comminution device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the wedge angles (118, 158) of all tools (111, 112; 151) are 90 degrees. Crushing device (1) according to claim 2, that the pitch of two fixed tools (151) is not an integer multiple of the pitch of two rotatable tools (111, 112). Crushing device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sum of the length of all working edges (155) of the stationary tools (151) is at least approximately equal to the sum of the length of all working edges (115) of the rotatable tools (111, 112). Crushing device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the dispensing device (180) comprises two screens (181, 182) which are at a constant distance from the movable tool carrier (91). Crushing device (1) according to claims 2 and 11, characterized in that the sieves (181, 182) engage around the rotatable tool carrier (91) in an angular segment of more than 270 degrees.

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