EP0876843A1 - Material crushing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The crushing device (10) has an input aperture (30) and at least two crushing shafts (20,22) with crushing or striking bars (26) round them, each with two crushing edges spaced apart by between 10 mm and 40 mm. The two crushing shafts are spaced out from each other and rotate in opposite directions. The bars (26, 27) of these two shafts pass between each other, without touching either of the shafts. The spacing between these shafts may be adjustable. A sieve element (36) is located underneath the shafts. A guide opening located above the shafts is built bell-shaped. The path to the crushing shafts of the material to be crushed is inhibited by a fixed dosing shaft (32).

Description

The invention relates to a device for shredding of crushed material, especially non-metallic residues, such as B. wood or plastic, with a Feed opening and at least two breaking waves that are on their peripheral surface with at least one crushing or Blow bar is provided, each breaking edge has a defined distance from each other are arranged.

Equipment for crushing crushed material is in itself well known. They come in different areas of application, such as in agriculture as a chopper or in the construction industry for shredding of rock, for use. The way it works is here different, depending on the shredded Material or its size and strength.

For better understanding, this is the following Shredding device supplied, to be shredded Crushed material referred to as crushing material, while in contrast, the finished shredded material as shredded material referred to as.

A versatile facility uses the crushing effect of a defined distance arranged to the wall of the channel-like feed opening Breaking wave, which is the crushing material is usually fed due to gravity. The rotary movement of the crushing shaft pulls the shredding material between themselves and the feed channel and crushes it here. In addition, it can be provided that the breaking shaft is provided with breaking edges, which support the shredding process.

Conventional crushing devices working with crushing waves however, must carefully with the to be crushed to crushed material Prevent blocking of the crushing wave.

Despite this point, there may still be malfunctions come when either too much crushing material was fed, or if the strength of which requires a reduced feed current makes and this was not observed. Then can the crushing material between the crushing shaft and jam the feed chute and must be used before continuing the shredder first removed will.

Based on this state of the art, it is a task the invention, a device of the aforementioned To create a way that is as simple as possible and is easy to use. It should aim at adequate Robustness should be taken into account as well as sufficient Insensitivity to your respective shredding material.

This object is achieved by the characterizing Features of claim 1 solved. More beneficial Further training is in the subclaims specified.

According to the invention, two breaking waves are therefore provided, which are spaced from each other and in opposite directions to each other, preferably synchronously, that is, rotate at the same speed. Furthermore, the Design according to the invention characterized in that each on the peripheral surface of each crushing wave Breaking or blow bars are arranged together work together by making their circles close to each other lying or penetrating each other without the crushing or blow bars of both crushing waves touch. Each crushing or Blow bar as an elongated rectangular plate formed and accordingly has two breaking edges, the distance between the thickness or the edge distance the radially outer end edge of the crushing or Blow bar corresponds.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention The device is the distance between the breaking waves as well as the number of crushing bars variable adjustable. In this way, the final size can be easily of the shredded material can be preset.

The distance between the breaking waves can advantageously be like this be changed so that the distance to the crushing or Blow bars provided breaking edges each between 7 mm and 70 mm, preferably between 10 mm and is 40 mm.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention provides that a sieve element below the breaking waves is arranged, which performs a double function. The sieve openings of the sieve element have a clear width of 15 mm to 120 mm, depending of the intended use of the comminuted material.

The double function of the sieve element mentioned exists in that on the one hand the opening width of the sieve openings determines the size of the shredded material, which as a processing product the shredding device leaves. On the other hand, the screen element serves addition, the supplied crushed material, which still is not sufficiently crushed again to the crushing waves to lead it back in another Shredding process to the desired piece size is crushed. For this purpose the distance between the crushing shafts and the sieve part are provided adjustable, the distance between the screen element and the assigned breaking wave is set so that the Crushing bars or blow bars not crushed material record and add another shredding cycle.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention Crushing device provides that the Feed opening for arranged above the crushing waves the crushed material is funnel-shaped, so that Crushed material exactly the shredding gap between the flows to both breaking waves.

To the supply amount of the shredding material accordingly its starting piece size and strength and according to the desired degree of comminution To be able to dose precisely are according to another preferred Embodiment additionally one or more Dosing shafts are provided, which are in the feed opening is arranged above the breaking waves and which the Feed crushed material in the desired amount to the crushing waves.

Here, the metering shaft (s) is (are) in the feed opening spatially arranged so that with the metering shaft stopped the supply of crushed material to the crushing shafts is blocked is. This can result in overfeeding with shredding material be safely excluded.

To ensure that the intended for shredding Material from the dosing shaft and the breaking shafts is fed, the metering shaft with radially protruding, arranged on at least one helix chip-like drivers, which the Capture crushing crushed material in a form-fitting manner. Here the carriers can advantageously be made of spring steel be educated.

In addition, in an expedient development of the invention Sensors are provided which check the fill level Monitor in the feed opening with crushed material and the Activate the metering shaft. In an advantageous further training For this purpose, the sensors are arranged above the metering shaft and preferably as ultrasonic sensors educated.

Furthermore, further sensors can be provided with their Help the power consumption of the drive of the crushing shafts is detected and that when a predetermined one is exceeded Value affects the rotary actuation of the metering shaft is, for example, to overload the Avoid breaking waves or their drive.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention grip the crushing or blow bars in the provided Deformations on the circumference of the assigned break wave one, where they are clamped on the crushing shafts are held.

The clamping means can be used as strips with a trapezoidal shape Cross-section can be formed, the Flanks against the breaking or blow bars as well against the side wall of the molding in question of the crushing shaft Here are the terminal strips held on the crushing shaft by means of clamping screws and so clamp the break or blow bars, the Break or blow bars preferably radially from the Stand the breaking wave away.

As mentioned before, the crushing bars have preferably a rectangular cross section, where appropriate additionally on the outer longitudinal edge the crossbars each have a cross flange symmetrical can be molded.

To anchor the crushing or blow bars on the Simplifying the breaking wave is according to a preferred one Training provided that the cross section of the in the indentation in the foot area engaging the crushing wave the breaking or blow bars become free End extended uniformly.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the Comminution device according to the invention are that the sieve elements are basket-shaped, so that they crushing shafts provided with crushing or blow bars at a defined distance at least on the underside mounting.

An advantageous further development provides that the basket-like sieve elements are pivotally arranged are, so that if necessary on the one hand the accessibility to the underside of the shaft is comfortably guaranteed and that on the other hand, the desired adjustability the distance between the screen element and the assigned one Crushing wave is made possible in a simple manner.

A material to be crushed is preferably located below the crushing waves arranged, for example, by a conveyor belt is formed, which is the crushed material to be crushed promotes.

The comminution device according to the invention is preferably intended for the production of primary material for chipboard production, but can instead also the shredding of plastic or Stones may be provided.

In order to operate the inventive devices with as little wear as possible To ensure establishment by the to be crushed can be favored are the breaking waves, but at least the crushing or Blow bars made of appropriately strong material, preferably from wear-resistant Steel, for example manganese steel, in addition to the one you want Strength has sufficient toughness.

These and other advantageous refinements and improvements the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Using one shown in the schematic drawing Embodiment of the invention, the invention, advantageous refinements and improvements of the invention and special advantages of the invention are explained and described in more detail.

Fig. 1

eine Übersichtsdarstellung in Form eines Längsschnitts durch eine erfindungsgemäße Zerkleinerungseinrichtung mit einem Brechwerk mit einem Antrieb hierfür und mit einer Entnahmeeinrichtung;

Fig. 2

das Brechwerk mit einem Zuführtrichter, mit einer Dosierwelle und mit zwei Brechwellen mit zugeordneten Siebelementen gemäß Fig. 1 im Querschnitt;

Fig. 3

die Anordnung gemäß Fig. 2 in Draufsicht bei abgenommener Dosierwelle;

Fig. 4

die Dosierwelle, die Brechwellen und die zugeordneten Siebelemente in schematischer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 5

eine Seitenansicht des Brechwerks bei abgenommenem Gehäuse;

Fig. 6

einen Querschnitt durch eine erste Brechwelle,

Fig. 7

einen Querschnitt durch eine zweite Brechwelle und

Fig. 8

eine weitere Ausführungsform gemäß der Erfindung

Show it:

Fig. 1

an overview in the form of a longitudinal section through a comminution device according to the invention with a crusher with a drive therefor and with a removal device;

Fig. 2

the crusher with a feed hopper, with a metering shaft and with two crushing shafts with associated screen elements according to Figure 1 in cross section.

Fig. 3

the arrangement of Figure 2 in plan view with the metering shaft removed.

Fig. 4

the metering shaft, the breaking shafts and the associated sieve elements in a schematic side view;

Fig. 5

a side view of the crusher with the housing removed;

Fig. 6

a cross section through a first breaking wave,

Fig. 7

a cross section through a second crushing wave and

Fig. 8

a further embodiment according to the invention

In Fig. 1 is an overview in the form of a Longitudinal section through a shredding device according to the invention 10 with a crusher 12 with a Drive 14 therefor and with a removal device 16 as well as one intended for the crushed material to be crushed Receptacle 18 shown.

The drive 14 for the crusher 12 can, as in the Representation shown in Fig. 1, an internal combustion engine or be an electric motor which by means of shaft 13 and Coupling 15 connects to the crusher 12. Independently The type of motor must ensure that the drive can be regulated easily and just as quickly can be stopped as started again.

The drive 14 acts on the shaft 13 and Coupling 15, which is designed to be torsionally flexible to achieve as smooth a power transmission as possible Transfer case, not shown, which the drive power uniformly to two in the Crusher 12 transmits crushing waves 20, 22.

The breaking waves 20, 22 are in FIGS. 6 and 7, respectively shown in cross section. They are made of one with longitudinal grooves 24 provided cylindrical full cylinder as the core body 21 formed, in which longitudinal grooves 24 on both sides tapered or T-shaped break or blow bars 26, 27 are used with breaking edges 27 which of clamping means 28 using screws 29 are held.

The one shown in the overview according to FIG. 1 Crushing device 10 has on its crusher 12 a feed hopper 30, via which the feed to be fed Shredding material the crushing rollers 20, 22 is supplied and thereby as a result of the intended Inclined due to gravity on the crushing gap 23 moved between the crushing rollers 20, 22.

A metering shaft located above the crushing rollers 32, each along a circumferential surface Screw line is provided with drivers 33, ensures thereby for a continuous feeding of the shredding material 34 according to its nature in terms of size and strength as well as in the correct dosage in order to avoid malfunctions as a result of jamming of the Crushing rollers 20, 22 safely excluded. In addition it ensures a material build-up that prevents dust should prevent.

The removal device 16, which is below the crusher 12 connects, is preferably as a belt conveyor trained, but instead a screw conveyor, a vibratory conveyor or the like.

In Fig. 2 the crusher 12 is in cross section, the means transversely to the longitudinal sectional view shown in FIG. 1, reproduced, from this representation it can be clearly seen that the breaking waves 20 with on both sides tapered crushing or blow bars 26 are provided, which are directed radially outwards and have a rectangular cross section.

In connection with the top view in Fig. 3 and with the cross-sectional views in Figs. 6 and 7 is above also to recognize that the crushing or blow bars 20 by means of screws 29 on the cylindrical core body 21 attached clamping means 28 non-positively and positively are held.

Furthermore, it can be seen from the illustration in FIG. 2 that the drivers 33 cover the entire circumferential surface of the metering shaft Cover 32 so that the shredding material to be fed 34 is always detected safely.

Below each of the breaking waves 20 is a contour sieve element 36 modeled on the breaking waves 20, which in a variably adjustable distance is pivotable and fixable, as in particular from the 4 is shown schematically.

In Fig. 4 the arrangement of the crushing waves 20 and the metering shaft 22 and the sieve elements 36 is shown in a schematic side view, here the relative adjustability of the crushing waves 20 to each other according to the horizontal arrow s _H and the metering shaft 32 to the crushing waves 20 corresponding to the vertical Arrow s _{V is} indicated. In addition, as already mentioned, the pivoting adjustment of the screen elements 36 by one joint 37 can be seen.

5 is a side view of the crusher 12 at shown removed housing, the breaking waves 20 by the sieve element in front of it in this view 36 are covered. Those on the are clearly visible Circumferential surface of the arranged above the sieve element 36 Metering shaft 32 along a helical line attached driver, which as from this view also emerges, chip-like, that is, with about triangular cross-section, formed and with their Narrow sides transverse to the longitudinal axis of the metering shaft 32 are aligned. The foot width is each Driver about 40% of the diameter of the metering shaft 32 and the sheet thickness about 15 to 25% of the foot width while the height of the driver 33, that is, their radial Extension starting from the circumferential surface of the metering shaft 32, about 60% of the diameter of the metering shaft.

6, as already mentioned, is a Cross section through a first crushing shaft 20 in larger Scale shown so that the clamp of the in Longitudinal grooves 24 engaging, each conical here expanding crushing or blow bars 26 by means of Screws 29 held clamping means 28 clearly recognizable is.

Fig. 7 shows a cross section through a second embodiment a breaking wave 22 according to the invention, the T-shaped break or blow bars 27 in place of has rectangular break bars or blow bars 26. The other features are the same as for the first Embodiment match, so that here too the same Reference numbers are used.

The mode of operation of the invention according to example in 1 to 7 shown shredding device is subsequently used for the purpose of manufacture of raw material for particle board production closer explained and described.

Pre-broken wood is first put into the machine, that is, into the feed hopper 30 of the crusher 12. The metering shaft 32 conveys the crushed material Direction of the breaking waves 20, 22 and thus ensures a uniform filling of the feed space 30. Above the metering shaft 32 forms a pile of wood, which prevents the broken material from being thrown upwards becomes. At the same time, it acts as dust protection, by having a mechanical filter-like lock for the small parts created during crushing. To guarantee these functions safely, the dosing shaft when falling below a certain Minimum height of the material pile in the insertion funnel 30 switched off. To detect such a shortfall are special sensors, preferably ultrasonic sensors, placed in the feed hopper with the Work the metering shaft or its drive together.

The material thus supplied to the breaking waves 20, 22 becomes due to the overlapping and counter rotating Blow bars 26, 27 broken in the crushing gap 23. The sieve element 36 assigned to each breaking wave provides sure that the shredded crushed material has at least one maintains certain chip size and not with one of these Grain size exceeding size is discharged. This takes place on the one hand by the fact that larger chunks of material pushed through the holes and broken open, on the other hand, oversized chips are removed from the screen basket again fed to the breaking process. Basically, the Machine 10 according to the invention also operated without screen basket 36 ), but the equipment proves to be the sieve elements 36 as cheap if you consider the overall process considered.

In the event of a drop in speed or the breaking waves 20 at a standstill 22, the metering shaft 32 is switched off automatically such a completion of the breaking waves 20, 22 respectively their mechanical overload or the drive 14 to prevent. Only when the breaking waves 20, 22 again are free, the metering shaft 32 begins to continue promote.

The crusher device 10 according to the invention mainly serves for shredding wood, plastics, Stone etc. The essence of this crusher 10 is that two spaced apart Breaking waves 20, 22 are provided with continuous or also segment-shaped break bars or blow bars 26, 27 are provided. Any of these break or blow bars 26, 27 has two breaking edges, which in one certain distance from each other. This Edge distance is advantageously between 10 to 40 mm. The distance of the breaking waves 20, 22 from each other and hence the distance of the outer circumference of these breaking waves 20, 22 is chosen so that the radius of everyone provided with the breaking or blow bars 26, 27 Crushing wave 20, 22 that of the adjacent crushing wave 20, 22 penetrates or at a distance from this runs. Which distance is chosen depends largely of the desired degree of comminution of the comminuting material 34.

Advantageously, is below the breaking waves 20, 22 one screen element 36 each, the screen openings of which have a clear width of 20 to 100 millimeters can. This sieve element is in a slight Spaced under the crusher shafts so that not yet sufficiently shredded material from the Breaking or blow bars 26, 27 with up again is taken and thus the crushing process again is fed.

A metering shaft 32 is located above the breaking shafts 20, 22 arranged in terms of their diameter to the Opening of the feed hopper 30 is adjusted. This dosing shaft 32 has drivers that the material 34th into the crushing gap 23 between the crushing shafts 20, 22 promotes. If the metering shaft 32 is switched off, then the crushing waves 20, 22 are also no longer material 34 fed for shredding.

Above the metering shaft 32 are not shown Sensors arranged that the fill level of the Monitor crushing material 34 in the hopper 30. For example, the power consumption of the drive increases on, then the metering shaft 32 is switched off or driven more slowly so that the material accumulation are processed via the breaking waves 20, 22 can.

The crushing or blow bars used for crushing 26, 27 preferably have a flat cross section. However, it is also conceivable that the crushing or Form blow bars 26, 27 concave. In any case it must be ensured that two breaking edges per breaking or Blow bars 26, 27 are present.

The embodiment shown as an example in FIGS. 1 to 7 a crusher device according to the invention has a length of 1500 millimeters. The roll diameter including the break or blow bars 26, 27 is about 400 millimeters and comes with a rotational speed of 500 revolutions per Minute driven. With this shredding device will have a breaking capacity of 51 cubic meters per Hour for a final product with an edge length of 40 mm reached. Materials are the starting point with edge lengths of up to 500 millimeters. The distance between the breaking edges of the breaking or blow bars 26, 27 is 30 mm.

The advantage of the shredding device according to the invention relies on less wear, one high throughput, due to the high number of breaking edges, a little warming and associated with it a low noise and dust development in comparison with conventional shredding equipment.

With regard to the high number of breaking edges, it should be noted that because of the flat or concave crushing surface each the breaking or blow bars 26, 27 two breaking edges having. The material is thus on these two Places broken. In contrast, with a convex or pointed, i.e. cutting-like, breaking edge the number of break edges per break bar halved.

Another advantage of the invention is that it is small Dust development. This is about 3 percent, whereas the dust development in the prior art, for example with hammer mills, significantly more, namely 14 to 18 percent. Then dust spoken if the grain size is less than three millimeters is.

With the crushing device according to the invention is advantageous Wood shredded, which as a preliminary product for Chipboard can serve. Crushing plastic, Stone etc. is also possible.

8 differs from the embodiment according to FIG 1 to 5 in that instead of a sieve height adjustable rake is used.

Reference list

10th

Shredding device

12th

Crushing plant

13

wave

14

drive

15

clutch

16

Removal device

18th

Receptacle

20th

Breaking wave

21

Core wave

22

Breaking wave

23

Crushing gap

24th

Longitudinal groove

26

Break or blow bar

27

Break or blow bar

28

Clamping means (clamping rail)

29

screw

30th

Feed hopper

32

Dosing shaft

33

Carrier

34

Shredding material

36

Sieve element (strainer basket)

37

Swivel joint

38

rake

Claims (26)

Device (10) for crushing crushed material, in particular non-metallic residues, such as. B. wood or plastic, with a feed opening (30) and at least two crushing shafts (20), which is provided on its peripheral surface with at least one breaking or blow bar (26), each having two breaking edges, which are arranged at a defined distance from each other are,
characterized in that
two crushing shafts (20, 22) are provided, which are arranged at a distance from one another and each rotate in opposite directions, and that the crushing or impact bars (26, 27) arranged on the peripheral surface of each crushing shaft (20, 22) mesh with one another, in that their circles lie close to one another or intersect without the breaking or blow bars (26, 27) of both breaking waves (20, 22) touching. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the breaking waves (20, 22) is variably adjustable is. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the distance to the crushing or Blow bars (26, 27) provided breaking edges between 7 mm and 70 mm, preferably between 10 mm and Is 40 mm and that the distance between two adjacent blow bars (26, 27) of a breaker shaft (20, 22) about 2 to 6 times, advantageously 3 to 4 times the distance of the breaking edges of a breaking or Blow bar (26, 27) corresponds. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that that a sieve element below the breaking waves (36) is arranged. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the sieve openings of the sieve element (36) one have a clear width of 15 mm to 120 mm. Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that that the distance between the breaking waves (20, 22) and the sieve part is adjustable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the above the breaking waves (20, 22) arranged feed opening (30) for the material to be crushed is funnel-shaped. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that in the feed opening (30) above the breaking waves (20, 22) one or more metering shafts (32) are arranged which feed the crushed material to the crushing shafts (20, 22). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that with the metering shaft stopped (32) the supply of crushed material to the crushing shafts (20, 22) is blocked. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that sensors are provided, which is the level in the feed opening with crushed material monitor. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the sensors are arranged above the metering shaft are. Device according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the sensors as ultrasonic sensors are trained. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that further sensors are provided are what the power consumption to drive the Detect breaking waves (20, 22) and when a preset value the rotary actuation of the metering shaft (32) influence. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing or blow bars (26, 27) in indentations (24) provided for this purpose engage on the circumference of the assigned crushing shaft (20, 22) and by means of clamping means (28) on the breaking shafts (20, 22) are kept. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the clamping means (28) as strips with trapezoidal Cross-section are formed, the flanks of which each against the breaking or blow bars (26, 27) and against the side wall of the indentation in question (24) in the crushing shaft (20, 22). Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the terminal strips (28) by means of clamping screws (29) are held on the breaking shaft (20, 22) and the Clamp the break bars or blow bars (26, 27). Device one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the break or blow bars (26, 27) have a rectangular cross section. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the outside Long edge of the breaking or blow bars (27) each a transverse flange is formed symmetrically, the Break or blow bar (27) has a T-shaped cross section gives. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the cross section of the engaging in the indentation in the crushing shaft (20, 22) Base area of the crushing or blow bars (26, 27) widens uniformly towards the free end. Device according to claim 1 or 2 one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the crushing or Blow bars (26, 27) radially from the breaking shaft (20, 22) protrude. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screen elements (36) are basket-like are trained. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the basket-like screen elements (36) pivotally held in swivel joints (37) are. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance between the Sieve element (36) and the associated crushing shaft (20, 22) is set so that the breaking or blow bars (26, 27) not enough crushed material record and add another shredding cycle. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that below the breaking waves (20, 22) a crushed material holder is arranged, which is formed by a belt conveyor, which is the shredded Promotes crushed material. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metering shaft (32) with radially protruding on at least one helical Line arranged drivers (33) is provided. Device according to one of the preceding claims intended for the production of primary material for the Chipboard production.

Images