EP2016008A2 - Boîte à couvercle rabattable pour cigarettes et procédé et dispositif de fabrication associés - Google Patents

Boîte à couvercle rabattable pour cigarettes et procédé et dispositif de fabrication associés

Info

Publication number
EP2016008A2
EP2016008A2 EP07724645A EP07724645A EP2016008A2 EP 2016008 A2 EP2016008 A2 EP 2016008A2 EP 07724645 A EP07724645 A EP 07724645A EP 07724645 A EP07724645 A EP 07724645A EP 2016008 A2 EP2016008 A2 EP 2016008A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
collar
blank
folding
web
lid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07724645A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2016008B1 (fr
Inventor
Henry Buse
Gisbert Engel
Viktor Hein
Reinhard Lohmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2016008A2 publication Critical patent/EP2016008A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2016008B1 publication Critical patent/EP2016008B1/fr
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/42Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
    • B65D5/64Lids
    • B65D5/66Hinged lids
    • B65D5/6602Hinged lids formed by folding one or more extensions hinged to the upper edge of a tubular container body
    • B65D5/6608Hinged lids formed by folding one or more extensions hinged to the upper edge of a tubular container body the lid being held in closed position by self-locking integral flaps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B19/00Packaging rod-shaped or tubular articles susceptible to damage by abrasion or pressure, e.g. cigarettes, cigars, macaroni, spaghetti, drinking straws or welding electrodes
    • B65B19/02Packaging cigarettes
    • B65B19/22Wrapping the cigarettes; Packaging the cigarettes in containers formed by folding wrapping material around formers
    • B65B19/228Preparing and feeding blanks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/07Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles
    • B65D85/08Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles rod-shaped or tubular
    • B65D85/10Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles rod-shaped or tubular for cigarettes
    • B65D85/1036Containers formed by erecting a rigid or semi-rigid blank
    • B65D85/1045Containers formed by erecting a rigid or semi-rigid blank having a cap-like lid hinged to an edge
    • B65D85/1056Containers formed by erecting a rigid or semi-rigid blank having a cap-like lid hinged to an edge characterized by the lid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a folding box for in particular a wrapped in an inner blank cigarette group consisting of box part, lid and collar, wherein a lid side wall of the lid is pivotally connected via a line joint with a box side wall of the box part. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing such folding boxes and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • EP 0 452 068 shows a plurality of variants of this type of packing.
  • An alternative is described in EP 0 693 441, namely from a blank according to the principle of Querwickeins.
  • the object of the invention is to design the folding box of the above type in such a way that an efficient production of qualitatively perfect packages on largely conventional packaging machines is ensured. Furthermore, the object of the invention is to propose corresponding method steps and a device modified compared with the prior art, that is to say a packaging machine, for folding boxes of the type mentioned in the introduction.
  • the folding box according to the invention is characterized by the following features:
  • a lid side wall opposite the line joint of the lid consists of two overlapping lid side flaps
  • the lid side wall has a closing tab which, when the lid is closed, snaps into an opening of an adjacent collar side wall;
  • the closing tab or tongue is arranged on a free, transversely directed edge of the outer lid side flap.
  • folding box relate to the waste-free design of the (detent) opening in the collar side wall on support or Justiervorsprünge for the exact positioning of the separate blank existing collar and a punch in the region of the collar for better fixation collar with collar after insertion into a pocket of a folding turret.
  • the inventive method for producing the side-lid packs consists essentially in that a blank for the pack or box and a blank for the collar supplied via separate blank sheets a folding turret, merged immediately before entering a pocket of the folding turret in the pack relative position and then introduced together into the pocket, performing first fall steps. Due to the staggered blank sheets, the blanks are moved to unite in the transverse direction, in particular, the blank for the collar is moved transversely to the direction of movement of the blanks until it reaches a plane immediately above the blank web of the blank.
  • a folding turret is provided with upwardly open in cross-section U-shaped pockets of principle known type.
  • the cut web for the package blank is essentially guided radially and ends above a pocket that is in the receiving position.
  • the preferably working in the opposite direction collar web is parallel, but offset from the blank web.
  • the collar is moved transversely into a plane above the blank and with this then introduced into the bag essentially by downward movement.
  • FIG. 1 a spread blank, namely package blank
  • FIG. 2 a spread collar blank
  • FIG. 4 shows a folding box of the side-lid type in a perspective view, with the lid closed, FIG. 5 shows the package according to FIG. 4 with the lid open, FIG. 4 shows the packs according to FIG. also in perspective,
  • FIG. 6 shows the apparatus for producing packages according to FIG. 4, FIG. 5 in a simplified plan view, FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a detail of the device according to FIG. 6 in a transverse or radial section corresponding to the sectional plane VII-VII of FIG. 6, on an enlarged scale, FIG.
  • FIG. 8 shows a cross-section, offset in relation to the representation according to FIG. 7, in the sectional plane VIII-VIII of FIG. 6, at a further enlarged scale, FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a detail of FIG. 9 in a cross-sectional plane X-X of FIG. 9 on an enlarged scale, FIG.
  • FIG. 8 shows a detail XI of FIG. 8 on an enlarged scale, with a changed position of organs
  • FIG. 12 shows the folding turret of the device according to FIG. 6 in plan view, on an enlarged scale
  • FIG. 12 shows the folding turret of the device according to FIG. 6 in plan view, on an enlarged scale
  • FIG. 13 shows a pocket of the folding turret according to FIG. 12 in cross-section in the sectional plane XIII-XIII of FIG. 12 on an enlarged scale
  • FIG. 14 is a detail of FIG. 6, namely a side view and a longitudinal section in the plane XIV-XIV of FIG. 6, on an enlarged scale,
  • Fig. 15 shows a detail XV of Fig. 14 at a further enlarged scale.
  • the pack consists of a (lower) box part 10, a lid 11 and a collar 12. Box part 10 and lid 11 are made of one uniform or one-piece blank 13 of thin cardboard or the like Packaging material formed.
  • the collar 12 consists of an independent blank (FIG. 2).
  • the elongate blank 13 is divided into patches by punching lines and preferably embossed cloths to form a box front wall 14, a bottom wall 15, a box back wall 16.
  • Box side flaps 17, 18 are laterally attached to the box front wall 14. These are associated with corresponding, inner box side tabs 19, 20 in the region of the box rear wall 16.
  • a blank area adjoining the box rear wall 16 is formed for the lid 11, namely with the lid rear wall 21, the end wall 22 and the lid front wall 23.
  • Lateral tabs are also arranged in the area of the blank areas assigned to the lid 11.
  • the blank 13 is therefore designed to use the Lticiansfalttamas.
  • the box side flaps 17 and 19, and 18 and 20 are fully overlapped to form a box side wall 28.
  • the box side flaps 18 and 20 are folded to cover and bonded together by glue an opposite box side wall. From the lid side tabs 24..27 lid side walls 30 and 31 are formed.
  • a special feature is that the lid 1 1 in the region of a side wall via a hinge, namely via a line joint 32, hinged to the box part 10 is connected.
  • the inner side flaps namely box side flaps 20 of the box rear wall 16 and lid side flaps 25 are connected to the lid rear wall 21 and delimited from each other by a line joint 32 formed by embossing or otherwise.
  • lid 1 1 and box part 10 are delimited from each other by closing edges, which - starting from the ends of the line joint 32 - to the opposite side, namely the box side wall 28 are inclined downwards.
  • the closing edges consist of free, obliquely directed end edges 33, 34 of the blank 13.
  • box rear wall 16 and lid rear wall 21 are separably connected to one another, by a slanted punching line 35 and Residual connections 36. These ensure a uniform blank 10 for the production of the package.
  • the remaining connections 36 are severed, so that the punching line 35 forms a continuous separation between the box part 10 and lid 11.
  • a continuous separating cut 37 is provided in the area of box side wall 28 and lid side wall 30 or in the area of box side tabs 19 and lid side tabs 24, so that in the region of the corresponding side walls 28, 30 box part 10 and lid 11 are separated from one another are.
  • the collar 12 is designed such that the package contents, in the present case a cigarette block 37, that is to say a group of cigarettes surrounded by an inner blanket, are surrounded by the collar 12 all around.
  • the collar 12 consists for this purpose of collar front wall 38, subsequent collar side wall 39, collar rear wall 40 and a peripheral collar side wall 41.
  • collar front wall 38 Approximately in the middle of the collar side wall 39, within the collar 12 between the front wall 38 and Rear wall 40 is positioned, there is a recess 42 which extends in the finished package (Fig. 5) in the region of the lid side wall 30 and in adjacent portions of the lid front wall 23 and lid rear wall 21.
  • the folded collar 12 surrounds the cuboid cigarette block 37 in such a way that the collar front wall 38 rests against the inside of the box front wall 14.
  • the collar sidewall 39 faces the carton side wall 28 and the collar rear wall 40 of the carton rear wall 16.
  • the attached as an end flap collar side wall 41 abuts against the box side wall 29.
  • a closing aid for the cover 1 1 in the region of the lid side wall 30 is arranged.
  • This consists of a tab or tongue 43 at the lower closing edge of the lid 11 and the lid side wall 30.
  • a cooperating with this tongue 43 counter-member is formed on the collar 12 in matching relative position to the tongue 43. It is a recess in the collar side wall 39, in which the tongue 43 enters with the lid 11 in an upwardly directed position.
  • the recess is formed in this case by a U- or C-shaped punch 44 to form an upwardly directed tab 45.
  • This is pivotable about a transverse, lower line 46.
  • the tab 45 is deformed slightly inwardly in the manufacture of the package, so that a U-shaped slot for the entry of the tongue 43 is formed.
  • a special feature is the production of the package from two separate blanks. These are brought together in the unfolded state or after folding only the tongue 43 against the inside of the lid side flap 26 to a unit by the collar 12 is placed in the pack relative position on the blank 10 (inside).
  • the collar 12 is aligned with the collar rear wall 40 aligned with the carton rear wall 16.
  • the adjacent collar sidewall 41 rests against the (inner) carton side flap 20 and the opposed collar sidewall 39 at the other carton side flap 19 on.
  • the collar front wall 38 projects laterally beyond the blank 10.
  • the relative position is selected such that an upper part of the collar 12 lies in the region of the cover 11 and thus protrudes out of the box part 10 in the finished package (FIG. 5).
  • For the closing aid namely for the tab 45 of the lid side tabs 24 is provided with a recess 47 which ensures the access of the arranged on the outer lid side tabs 26 tongue 43 to the counterpart of the entanglement on the collar 12.
  • stops 81, 82 The exact position of the collar 12 on or on the blank 13 is ensured by stops 81, 82.
  • two stops 81, 82 are formed, in the box side flap 20 on the one hand and in the box side flap 19 on the other.
  • These are material deformations that are formed by punching and embossing, so that a stop edge is formed by the stops 81, 82, against which a (lower) edge of the collar 12 abuts, namely a lower edge of the collar side wall 41 on the one hand and the collar side wall 39 on the other.
  • the stops 81, 82 are mounted by basically known punching and embossing tools.
  • the collar 12 is fixed in the pack according to the positioning on the blank 13 by gluing, in the present case by a transverse row of glue dots 48, which extend over the full width of the blank 10 with at least one glue point 48 in the region of the box side tabs 19, 20. Further glue points 49 serve to fix the cigarette block 37 in the pack.
  • the unit of unfolded blanks 10, 12 shown in Fig. 3 is processed in a packaging machine to form a folding box.
  • the present example largely corresponds to a packaging machine known for the production of packages of the Hinge-Lid type with a folding turret 50, which is dish-shaped and can be rotated by means of an upright shaft 51 about a vertical axis.
  • a plurality of pockets 52 are arranged, each for receiving an accessory.
  • Section or a cutting unit including package contents At the folding turret 50 or outside the area of the same folding bodies are arranged, which fold the blank 10, 12 during the rotational movement to form the package.
  • cigarettes for forming groups of cigarettes 53 are taken from a cigarette magazine 54 and fed to the folding turret 50 along a cigarette path in the radial direction.
  • the cigarette group 53 is wrapped in an inner blank made of paper or Stanniol to form the cigarette block 37. This is inserted in a plug-in station 55 in there held bag 52 (with blank 13, 12).
  • a Ausschubstation 56 On the opposite side of the folding turret 50 is a Ausschubstation 56 for transferring the largely finished packs to a radially laxative packing web 57.
  • the blanks 13 are transported so that the side with the tongue 43 is directed forward. During transport, the tongue 43 is folded against the inside of the lid side flap 26, ie upwards.
  • a special feature is the feeding of the individual blanks and transfer of the trimming unit to a pocket 52 in the region of an introduction station 58. This is arranged at 90 ° to the stations 55, 56, ie transversely to the conveying direction of the cigarette groups and packages.
  • the blanks 13 are conveyed along a blank path 59 guided above the revolver 50 to the introduction station 58 along a blank path 59 guided diametrically to the folding turret 50.
  • the blanks 13 are removed individually from a blank magazine 60 and then transported in a manner known per se along the blank web 59 to a defined position above the pocket 52.
  • the collars 12 are fed on a separate web, namely collar web 61, to the introduction station 58 or to the associated blank 13, specifically in a conveying direction opposite to the blank web 59. Furthermore, the collar web 61 is offset from the blank web 59 so that the collars 12 arrive at a position adjacent to the blank 13 being held ready.
  • the blank web 59 is disposed above the folding turret 50 substantially in a downwardly inclined plane.
  • the collar web 61 extends in a plane inclined upward in the conveying direction, namely slightly upwardly in height to the cutting path 59.
  • the collar web 61 adjoins a collar aggregate 62 outside or next to the packaging machine.
  • the individual collars 12 are separated from a material web and inserted into the collar web 61. leads. This consists in the region of the collar unit 62 of conveyor rollers, in the packaging machine essentially from (two pairs of) superimposed conveyor belts 63, 64. Between the conveyor troughs, the collar 12 are initially transported in sealing position, finally with distances from each other.
  • a special collar unit is formed. This consists of an end plate 65 which extends in the transverse direction into the region of the conveyor belts 63, 64.
  • the end plate 65 forms the adjusting stop for the collar 12, and here as a cross-sectionally U-shaped, transverse guide profile 66th
  • the blank 13 is held in the insertion station 58 above a folding shaft 67 defined by shaped bodies. This is located in the end region of the blank web 69.
  • the blank 13 is aligned in a corresponding relative folding subsequent operation in lateral guides 68 in precise alignment with the pocket 52 located below the folding shaft 67.
  • the collar 12 is moved at the end of the collar web 61 on the end plate 65 in the transverse direction.
  • This is a special slide 69.
  • This is provided with a holding member for detecting the collar 12, namely with a suction cup 70 which is connected via a suction line 71 to a vacuum source.
  • the slider 69 detects the collar 12 with the sucker 70 at the top.
  • a transverse stop 72 determines the position of the collar 12.
  • the slider 69 returns after dropping the collar 12 in a slightly increased trajectory in the starting position to take over the next collar 12 back.
  • a closed trajectory 73 of the slider 69 is shown by a dashed line.
  • Blank 13 and collar 12 are now in pack-oriented position over the folding shaft 67, initially at a distance from each other (Fig. 10).
  • a folding member namely a folding plate 74 is first detected by downward movement of the collar 12 and then the blank 13 and taken in a downward folding movement.
  • Parts of the blank 13 and of the collar 12 slide along fold guides 75 and 76 and are erected on the way to the pocket 52 located below the folding shaft 67.
  • two opposing lateral folding guides 75 in particular the box side tabs 19 and 20 and the subsequent lid side tabs 24, 25 erected.
  • the feeding of the collars 12 in a collapsed trajectory collar web 61 takes into account the folding members present in the insertion station 58, in particular the folding plate 74 which can be moved up and down. This is designed such that the slider 69 engages the collars 12 in each case in the folding position above the Folding shaft 67 can transport.
  • the folding plate 74 has a lateral recess 77, into which the slider 69 enters in the end position above the folding shaft 67 (FIG. 10).
  • the recess 77 is closed by a bell-shaped cover 78 upwards.
  • the slider 69 can be solved in the end position of the collar 12, which fixed by the regions of the folding plate 74 outside of the recess 77 in the position above the blank 13 becomes. There is sufficient space for the slider 69 to return to the home position in a raised position before the folding plate 74 is moved downwardly.
  • the folder 74 Upon retraction of the slider 69 to the home position, the folder 74 is moved downwardly by a stationary pivot lever 79. The folder 74 presses the blank 13 with collar 12 into contact with a pocket bottom 80 of the pocket 52 ( Figure 13).
  • the folding turret 50 conveys the pocket 52 into the insertion station 55 without any substantial change in the folding tabs.
  • the cigarette block 37 is inserted into the pocket 52 in the radial direction, the blanks having the cross-section of the position shown in FIG. 13.
  • the pocket 52 is provided with retaining members for the (partially folded) blank 13 including collar 12. These are holding tongues 83, 84, which are arranged at the upper edge of the U-shaped pocket 52 and abut folded tabs of the blank 13 and the collar 12 folded upwards.
  • the retaining tongue 84 bears against the free edges of the box side flap 20 and the collar side wall 41.
  • the retaining tongue 83 is located in the region of the erected collar front wall 38.
  • the collar 12 is designed such that the retaining tongue 83 bears against edges of the blank 13 and of the collar 12.
  • a punching line 85 which is formed in the region of a folding line between the collar front wall 38 and the collar side wall 39 serves as the edge free incision. Due to corresponding deformation, the sharpened retaining tongue 83 reaches the contact position for fixing the unit.
  • the largely completed pack is pushed out of the folding turret 50 in the area of the ejection station 56 and transferred to the packing web 57.
  • a glue station 86 for applying glue to the underside of the laterally directed folding flaps, namely the box side flaps 17, 18 and the lid side flaps 26, 27. These are then up to the plant to the already folded inner Lateral tabs 19, 20, 24, 25 folded over.
  • the glue station 86 is provided with a lower glue roller 87, which dips into a glue pot and transmits glue as a result of rotational movement to the underside of the folding flaps.
  • the glue roller 87 cooperates with a pressure roller 88 arranged above the movement path of the folding tabs.
  • This roller is provided with a recess 89 on its circumference.
  • the recess 89 is located in the region of the tongue 43 folded over into the locking position, namely on the underside of the lid side flap 26 to be provided with glue.
  • the tongue 43 has already been folded into the operative position according to FIG.
  • the blanks to be united namely blanks 13 and collar 12
  • the collar 12 is attached to the blank 13 in the pack according to the relative position and preferably connected to the blank 13 by glue, so that a fixed relative to the relative position unit can be introduced into the folding turret.
  • Blank 13 and collar 12 can also be connected in a unit during the production of these pack parts.
  • a combination of blank 13 and collar 12 can be made in advance so that they are fed as a unit to the folding turret.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wrapping Of Specific Fragile Articles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la fabrication d'emballages de cigarettes de type boîte à couvercle rabattable comportant une partie boîte (10), un couvercle (11) et un col (12). Selon l'invention, les pièces découpées, notamment une pièce découpée d'emballage (13) et le col (12), sont amenées sur des lignes séparées, notamment une ligne pour pièces découpées (59) et une ligne pour cols (61), d'un poste d'alimentation (58) d'un dispositif de pliage rotatif (50). La pièce découpée (13) et le col (12) sont regroupés en une position correspondant à l'emballage, notamment par mouvement transversal du col. La pièce découpée (13) et le col (12) sont ensuite amenés ensemble dans une poche (52) du dispositif de pliage rotatif (50), les languettes de pliage de la pièce découpée (13) et du col (12) étant relevées.
EP07724645A 2006-05-10 2007-04-27 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de boîtes à couvercle rabattable pour cigarettes Expired - Fee Related EP2016008B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006021991A DE102006021991A1 (de) 2006-05-10 2006-05-10 Klappschachtel für Zigaretten sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen derselben
PCT/EP2007/003715 WO2007128435A2 (fr) 2006-05-10 2007-04-27 Boîte à couvercle rabattable pour cigarettes et procédé et dispositif de fabrication associés

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2016008A2 true EP2016008A2 (fr) 2009-01-21
EP2016008B1 EP2016008B1 (fr) 2010-11-03

Family

ID=38137362

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07724645A Expired - Fee Related EP2016008B1 (fr) 2006-05-10 2007-04-27 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de boîtes à couvercle rabattable pour cigarettes

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2016008B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102006021991A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007128435A2 (fr)

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DE102008010433A1 (de) * 2008-02-21 2009-08-27 Focke & Co.(Gmbh & Co. Kg) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Packungen für Zigaretten des Typs Klappschachtel
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DE102008026450A1 (de) 2008-06-03 2009-12-10 Focke & Co.(Gmbh & Co. Kg) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Zuschnitten für Zigarettenpackungen
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DE102014222995A1 (de) * 2014-09-16 2016-03-17 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co. Kg) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Packungen für Zigaretten

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WO2007128435A2 (fr) 2007-11-15
EP2016008B1 (fr) 2010-11-03
WO2007128435A3 (fr) 2008-01-03
DE502007005561D1 (de) 2010-12-16
DE102006021991A1 (de) 2007-11-15

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