EP2009125B1 - Acier résistant a la corrosion pour cuve de stockage de pétrole brut et cuve de stockage de pétrole brut - Google Patents

Acier résistant a la corrosion pour cuve de stockage de pétrole brut et cuve de stockage de pétrole brut Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2009125B1
EP2009125B1 EP07707039.9A EP07707039A EP2009125B1 EP 2009125 B1 EP2009125 B1 EP 2009125B1 EP 07707039 A EP07707039 A EP 07707039A EP 2009125 B1 EP2009125 B1 EP 2009125B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
mass percent
corrosion
less
crude oil
steel
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Expired - Fee Related
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EP07707039.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2009125A1 (fr
EP2009125A4 (fr
Inventor
Kazuhiko Shiotani
Yasuto Inohara
Tsutomu Komori
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/008Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a corrosion resistant steel material and a crude oil tank including the steel material, the corrosion resistant steel material being capable of reducing local corrosion of a bottom plate and general corrosion of a roof plate and a side plate, which are generated when a steel material for a crude oil tank is used in a naked state or a primary coated state.
  • the crude oil tank according to the present invention collectively includes, for example, an oil tank of an oil tanker, a tank for transporting crude oil, and a tank for storing crude oil, and the steel material for a crude oil tank includes a thick steel plate, a thin steel sheet, and shape steel.
  • the above H 2 S is oxidized by a catalytic effect of iron rust generated by corrosion to form solid S, and solid S having a layered shape is present in the iron rust.
  • the corrosion products as described above are easily peeled off and are deposited on the bottom of a crude oil tank.
  • a dock inspection for a tanker which is performed at every 2.5-year interval, a tremendous amount of cost is spent for repair of an upper part of the tank and removal of the deposits.
  • a most effective method to suppress the corrosion as described above is a method in which thick coating is applied on a steel material surface so as to protect the steel material from a corrosive environment.
  • thick coating is applied on a steel material surface so as to protect the steel material from a corrosive environment.
  • the coating area is tremendous large, and the coating must be performed once per approximately 10 years, a large amount of cost is necessary for coating application and inspection, and in addition, it has also been pointed out that under a crude oil tank environment, when a thick coating is performed, corrosion generated from a damaged part of the coating film is adversely promoted.
  • corrosion resistant steel which has corrosion resistant properties even under a crude oil tank environment or the like.
  • corrosion resistant steel having general corrosion resistance and/or local corrosion resistance has been disclosed which has a composition in which to steel containing 0.01 to 0.3 mass percent of C, appropriate amounts of Si, Mn, P, and S are added, 0.05 to 3 mass percent of Ni is added, and at least one of Mo, Cu, Cr, W, Ca, Ti, Nb, V, and B is selectively added.
  • corrosion resistant steel which has superior general corrosion resistance and local corrosion resistance and which can suppress the generation of corrosion products including solid S, the corrosion resistant steel being steel containing 0.001 to 0.2 mass percent of C, which includes appropriate amounts of Si, Mn, P, and S, 0.01 to 1.5 mass percent of Cu, 0.001 to 0.3 mass percent of Al, 0.001 to 0.01 mass percent of N, and at least one of 0.01 to 0.2 mass percent of Mo and 0.01 to 0.5 mass percent of W.
  • an object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to provide a steel material for a crude oil tank, which has superior general corrosion resistance when being used for an upper part (upper deck and side plate) of a crude oil tank, which also has superior local corrosion resistance when being used for a bottom plate of a crude oil tank, and which further has superior local corrosion resistance having an excellent effect of increasing a coating life even when being used in a primary coated state.
  • the inventors of the present invention extracted factors relating to local corrosion of the bottom plate of a crude oil tank and performed corrosion tests in which the above factors were variously used in combination, and finally, the local corrosion occurred at the bottom plate of a crude oil tank could be successfully reproduced.
  • the dominant factors and corrosion mechanism of the local corrosion which occurs at the bottom plate of a crude oil tank the following knowledge was obtained.
  • O 2 and H 2 S hydrogen sulfide contained in the liquid have significant functions, and particularly, in an environment in which O 2 and H 2 S are simultaneously present and in which both partial pressures of O 2 and H 2 S are low, or in other words, in particular, in an aqueous solution in which gas containing O 2 at a partial pressure of 2 to 8 percent by volume and H 2 S at a partial pressure of 5 to 20 percent by volume is saturated, the local corrosion occurs.
  • H 2 S is oxidized to precipitate solid S
  • a local cell is formed between the bottom plate of a crude oil tank and the solid S, and the local corrosion occurs at the surface of the steel material.
  • chloride ions Cl
  • the inventors of the present invention intensively performed research on the influences of various alloy elements upon the local corrosion which occurs in the above environment of a low O 2 partial pressure and a low H 2 S partial pressure.
  • W and Cr a rust layer formed on the surface of the steel material under the usage environment of a steel material for a crude oil tank is densified, so that local corrosion resistance and general corrosion resistance are improved, and in addition, by addition of Sn, Sb, or Mo, the generation of a dense rust layer containing W is assisted, so that local corrosion resistance and general corrosion resistant can be further improved. That is, it was found that when appropriate contents of W and Cr are primarily controlled, and appropriate contents of Sn, Sb, and Mo are also controlled, a steel material for a crude oil tank having superior local corrosion resistance and general corrosion resistance can be obtained.
  • the present invention relates to a steel material for a crude oil tank according to claim 1.
  • primer coating containing Zn may be applied to a surface of the steel material of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to a crude oil tank formed of the steel material described above.
  • the steel material of the present invention can be preferably used as a structural material, for example, for a tank for transporting or storing crude oil.
  • C is an element to increase the strength of steel, and according to the present invention, in order to obtain a desired strength, a content of 0.001 mass percent or more is required. On the other hand, when the content is more than 0.16 mass percent, the weldability and toughness of a welding heat affected zone are degraded. Hence, the content of C is set in the range of 0.001 to 0.16 mass percent. In addition, in order to simultaneously obtain the two properties, strength and toughness, the content is preferably set in the range of 0.01 to 0.15 mass percent.
  • Si is an element to increase the strength of steel, and according to the present invention, a content of 0.01 mass percent or more is required. However, the addition of more than 1.5 mass percent degrades the toughness of steel. Hence, the content of Si is set in the range of 0.01 to 1.5 mass percent. In addition, Si forms a corrosion resistant film in an acidic environment, so that the corrosion resistance is improved thereby. In order to obtain the above effect, the content is preferably set in the range of 0.2 to 1.5 mass percent.
  • Mn is an element to increase the strength of steel, and according to the present invention, in order to obtain a desired strength, 0.1 mass percent or more of Mn is added. On the other hand, the addition of more than 2.5 mass percent degrades the toughness and weldability of steel. Hence, the content of Mn is set in the range of 0.1 to 2.5 mass percent. In addition, in order to ensure the strength and to suppress the formation of inclusions which degrades corrosion resistance, the content is preferably set in the range of 0.5 to 1.6 mass percent and more preferably set in the range of 0.8 to 1.4 mass percent.
  • the content thereof is preferably decreased as small as possible.
  • the content is more than 0.025 mass percent, since the toughness is seriously degraded, the P content is set to 0.025 mass percent or less.
  • the content is decreased to less than 0.005 mass percent, the production cost is increased; hence, the lower limit is preferably set to approximately 0.005 mass percent.
  • S forms MnS which is a non-metallic inclusion and is a harmful element to degrade local corrosion resistance since functioning as an origin point of local corrosion; hence, the content thereof is preferably decreased as small as possible.
  • the upper limit of S is set to 0.01 mass percent.
  • the lower limit of S is preferably set to approximately 0.002 mass percent.
  • Al is an element to be added as a deoxidizing agent, and according to the present invention, 0.005 mass percent or more is added. However, when more than 0.1 mass percent is added, since the toughness of steel is degraded, the upper limit of Al is set to 0.1 mass percent. The content is preferably set in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 mass percent.
  • N is a component to degrade the toughness, and the content thereof is preferably decreased as small as possible.
  • the content is 0.008 mass percent or more, since the toughness is seriously degraded, the upper limit is set to 0.008 mass percent.
  • the content of N is set in the range of 0.001 to 0.008 mass percent.
  • W is an important and essential element to be added to improve the corrosion resistance.
  • WO 4 2- ions formed under a corrosive environment show a barrier effect against negative ions, such as chloride ions, and also form insoluble FeWO 4 , so that the progress of corrosion is suppressed.
  • a rust layer formed on a steel plate surface contains W, it is remarkably densified.
  • the addition of W suppresses, by the chemical and physical effects as described above, the progress of general corrosion and the growth of local corrosion under a corrosive environment in which H 2 S and Cl - are present.
  • a steel material for a crude oil tank is obtained which improves the local corrosion resistance and also has superior general corrosion resistance.
  • Zn in the primer is incorporated in a densified rust layer containing W to form composite oxides primarily composed of Fe with W and/or Zn, so that Zn can be made present at the steel material surface for a long period of time. Accordingly, compared to a steel material containing no W, the generation of local corrosion can be suppressed for a long period of time.
  • the effect of W to improve the corrosion resistance cannot be sufficiently obtained when the content is less than 0.001 mass percent, and when the content is more than 0.5 mass percent, the effect is not only saturated but the cost is also increased. Accordingly, the content of W is set in the range of 0.001 to 0.5 mass percent.
  • the steel material of the present invention contains the above components as the basic components, in order to further improve the corrosion resistance, at least one selected from Sn, Sb, and Mo may be contained at a concentration in the range described below.
  • Sn has a function to improve acid resistance of a formed dense rust layer by a composite effect with W and Cr and also has a function to suppress corrosion.
  • the content is less than 0.005 mass percent, the above effect cannot be obtained, and on the other hand, when the content is more than 0.3 mass percent, hot workability and toughness are degraded.
  • the content of Sn is preferably set in the range of 0.005 to 0.3 mass percent.
  • Sb has a function, similar to that of Sn, to improve acid resistance of a formed dense rust layer by a composite effect with W and Cr and also has a function to suppress corrosion.
  • the content is less than 0.005 mass percent, the above effect cannot be obtained, and on the other hand, when the content is more than 0.3 mass percent, the above effect is saturated, and in addition, the workability is also degraded.
  • the content of Sb is preferably set in the range of 0.005 to 0.3 mass percent.
  • Mo When Mo is contained together with W and Cr, Mo improves general corrosion resistance and local corrosion resistance, and in addition, by a composite effect with W, Cr, and Sn or Sb, it has a function to promote the formation of a dense rust layer and also has a function to further improve the corrosion resistance.
  • the above effect can be obtained when the content is 0.001 mass percent or more; however, when the content is more than 0.5 mass percent, the effect is saturated, and in addition, the cost is increased.
  • the content thereof is preferably set in the range of 0.001 to 0.5 mass percent.
  • the steel material of the present invention may contain at least one selected from Nb, V, Ti, and B at a concentration in the range described below.
  • Nb is an element to be added in order to improve the strength of steel.
  • the above effect is small when the content is less than 0.001 mass percent, and on the other hand, when the content is more than 0.1 mass percent, the toughness is degraded; hence, when Nb is added, the content thereof is preferably set in the range of 0.001 to 0.1 mass percent.
  • V 0.002 to 0.1 mass percent
  • V is an element to be added in order to improve the strength of steel.
  • the effect of improving strength is small when the content is less than 0.002 mass percent, and on the other hand, when the content is more than 0.1 mass percent, the toughness is degraded; hence, when V is added, the content thereof is preferably set in the range of 0.002 to 0.1 mass percent.
  • Ti is an element to be added in order to improve the strength and toughness of steel.
  • the above effect is small when the content is less than 0.001 mass percent, and on the other hand, when the content is more than 0.1 mass percent, the effect is saturated; hence, when Ti is added, the content thereof is preferably set in the range of 0.001 to 0.1 mass percent.
  • B is an element to be added in order to improve the strength of steel.
  • the toughness is degraded; hence, when B is added, the content thereof is preferably set to 0.01 mass percent or less.
  • the steel material of the present invention may contain at least one of Ca and REM at a concentration in the range described below.
  • Ca has a function to improve the ductility and toughness of steel through the shape control of inclusions.
  • the above effect cannot be obtained when the content is less than 0.0002 mass percent, and on the other hand, when the content is more than 0.005 mass percent, the toughness is degraded; hence, the content is preferably set in the range of 0.0002 to 0.005 mass percent.
  • REM has a function to improve the ductility and toughness through the shape control of inclusions.
  • the above effect is small when the content is less than 0.0005 mass percent, and on the other hand, when the content is more than 0.015 mass percent, the toughness is degraded. Accordingly, when REM is added, the content thereof is preferably set in the range of 0.0005 to 0.015 mass percent.
  • the balance other than the above components includes Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • components other than those described above may also be contained, and for example, 0.008 mass percent or less of O, 0.05 mass percent or less of Cu, and 0.05 mass percent or less of Ni may be permissible.
  • Cu improves general corrosion resistance in an environment containing hydrogen sulfide
  • an effect of improving local corrosion resistance is not only limited but hot workability is also seriously degraded
  • Cu is not added; however, as an inevitable impurity, 0.05 mass percent or less of Cu may be contained.
  • Ni is added to the steel of the present invention, since functions to improve general corrosion resistance and local corrosion resistance are not observed, and the cost is merely increased thereby, Ni is not added; however, as an inevitable impurity, 0.05 mass percent or less of Ni may be contained.
  • the steel material of the present invention has various finished shapes, such as a thick steel plate, a thin steel sheet, and shaped steel, each of which is formed from steel prepared to have the above component composition by a method similar to that used for general steel.
  • the steel of the present invention is preferably formed into a product such that after primary five elements (C, Si, Mn, P, and C) are adjusted to satisfy the ranges of the present invention by a general known method, such as a converter, an electric furnace, or a vacuum degassing apparatus, and in addition, other alloy elements are added in accordance with required properties and are melted, the above steel is formed into a steel slab by a continuous casting method or the like, and immediately after the above step or after cooling, this slab is then reheated and is processed by hot rolling.
  • a general known method such as a converter, an electric furnace, or a vacuum degassing apparatus
  • the hot rolling conditions for corrosion resistant steel are not particularly limited, in order to ensure mechanical properties required for a steel material used for a crude oil tank or the like, it is preferable to appropriately control the hot rolling temperature, rolling reduction ratio, and the like.
  • the cooling rate is preferably controlled.
  • the finish hot rolling temperature be set at 750°C or more, and that cooling be then performed to 700°C or less at a cooling rate of 2°C/sec or more.
  • the finish temperature is less than 750°C, deformation resistance is increased, and it is difficult to perform the shape control.
  • the reason for this is that when the cooling rate is less than 2°C/sec or a cooling stop temperature is more than 700°C, it is difficult to obtain a tensile strength level of 490 N/mm 2 or more.
  • the steel material of the present invention obtained as described above is used as a steel material for a crude oil tank, by applying a primer containing Zn thereto, the local corrosion resistance and overall corrosion resistance can be significantly improved.
  • primer coating is performed thereon; however, in order to uniformly cover the entire surface of the steel sheet, a coating film having a certain thickness or more is required, and in order to improve the local corrosion resistance and overall corrosion resistance, a primer containing Zn is preferably applied to obtain a thickness of 5 ⁇ m or more.
  • the upper limit of the coating amount is not particularly limited, when the primer is applied to form a thick film, cutting properties, welding properties, and economical efficiency are degraded, and hence the upper limit is preferably set to 100 ⁇ m.
  • each test piece was masked by a paint having corrosion resistance, and in addition, sludge containing crude oil components which were sampled from an actual tanker was uniformly applied only to the upper surface, which was a surface to be tested, so that a corrosion test piece was obtained.
  • two types of test pieces having different surface conditions were formed as the corrosion test pieces.
  • test 1 there were prepared a test piece (test 1) formed by uniformly applying sludge on a test piece and a test piece (test 2) formed such that a compound (hereinafter referred to as "sulfur-mixed sludge) formed by mixing sulfur with the sludge at a weight ratio of 50% was provided on a central portion of a test piece having a diameter of 2 mm and the sludge was only applied on the other area other than that described above.
  • the sulfur-mixed sludge portion functioned as an origin of local corrosion to promote the local corrosion. Accordingly, influences of steel material components, influences of primers, and influences of combinations between the steel material components and primers on local corrosion suppression can be more clearly grasped.
  • this test method has a closer relationship with an exposure test performed on an actual ship than that obtained by the test 1.
  • test pieces were used for a corrosion test in which the test piece was immersed for 1 month in a test liquid 6 contained in a corrosion test device shown in Fig. 1 .
  • This corrosion test device is a double-bath type test device including a corrosion test bath 2 and a constant-temperature bath 3, and the corrosion test bath 2 contained the test liquid 6 which could generate local corrosion similar to that generated at a bottom plate of an actual crude oil tank.
  • test liquid 6 a liquid was used which was obtained such that artificial seawater defined by ASTMD1141 was used as a mother liquid for the test, and a mixed gas 4, in which the partial pressure ratio was adjusted to satisfy 5 percent by volume of O 2 and 10 percent by volume of H 2 S and in which the balance was formed of N 2 gas, was supplied in the above mother liquid.
  • the temperature of the test liquid 6 was maintained at 50°C by adjusting the temperature of water 7 contained in the constant-temperature bath 3.
  • the mixed gas 4 was continuously supplied, the test liquid 6 was always stirred.
  • the results of the above local corrosion test are shown in Table 2.
  • the steel sheets Nos. 1 to 25 which satisfy the component composition of the present invention are evaluated as ranks 1 to 3 of the local corrosion test, and the local corrosion depth is suppressed to less than 0.2 mm.
  • the test pieces coated with a zinc primer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m or more are all evaluated as rank 1, and no local corrosion is generated.
  • the steel sheet Nos. 26 to 31 other than the steel sheet Nos. 32 and 33 show results inferior to those of the invention examples.
  • the inside of the corrosion test bath 9 was filled at a supersaturated vapor pressure, and in order to perform a simulation of corrosion caused by dew condensation water, the temperature of the test piece was repeatedly changed between 30°C ⁇ 4 hours and 50°C ⁇ 4 hours as one cycle for 20 days using a heater and a cooling device through the temperature-control plate 10.
  • the ratio of a rust area generated on the surface of the test piece and under the coating film was measured, and evaluation was performed in accordance with the following ranks.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
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Claims (3)

  1. Matériau d'acier pour cuve à pétrole brut, constitué de : 0,001 à 0,16 pourcent en masse de C, 0,01 à 1,5 pourcent en masse de Si, 0,1 à 2,5 pourcent en masse de Mn, 0,025 pourcent en masse ou moins de P, 0,01 pourcent en masse ou moins de S, 0,005 à 0,1 pourcent en masse d'AI, 0,001 à 0,008 pourcent en masse de N, 0,001 à 0,5 pourcent en masse de W et de 0,06 à moins de 0,20 pourcent en masse de Cr, éventuellement l'un au moins de 0,005 à 0,3 pourcent en masse de Sn, 0,005 à 0,3 pourcent en masse de Sb, 0,001 à 0,5 pourcent en masse de Mo, 0,001 à 0,1 pourcent en masse de Nb, 0,002 à 0,1 pourcent en masse de V, 0,001 à 0,1 pourcent en masse de Ti, 0,01 pourcent en masse ou moins de B, 0,0002 à 0,005 pourcent en masse de Ca et 0,0005 à 0,015 pourcent en masse de terres rares, le reste étant du Fe et des impuretés inévitables.
  2. Matériau d'acier pour cuve à pétrole brut, selon la revendication 1, une couche primaire contenant du Zn étant appliquée sur une surface du matériau d'acier.
  3. Cuve à pétrole brut comprenant le matériau d'acier selon la revendication 1 ou 2.
EP07707039.9A 2006-03-30 2007-01-12 Acier résistant a la corrosion pour cuve de stockage de pétrole brut et cuve de stockage de pétrole brut Expired - Fee Related EP2009125B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006093151 2006-03-30
PCT/JP2007/050735 WO2007116593A1 (fr) 2006-03-30 2007-01-12 Acier résistant à la corrosion pour cuve de stockage de pétrole brut et cuve de stockage de pétrole brut

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2009125A1 EP2009125A1 (fr) 2008-12-31
EP2009125A4 EP2009125A4 (fr) 2017-08-16
EP2009125B1 true EP2009125B1 (fr) 2018-07-04

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EP (1) EP2009125B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR101023634B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101415852B (fr)
DK (1) DK2009125T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007116593A1 (fr)

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JP4968394B2 (ja) * 2010-05-18 2012-07-04 Jfeスチール株式会社 耐食性に優れる溶接継手および原油タンク
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CN105745347B (zh) * 2013-12-12 2018-01-12 杰富意钢铁株式会社 原油罐用钢材和原油罐
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DK2009125T3 (en) 2018-09-24
KR20080097479A (ko) 2008-11-05
CN101415852B (zh) 2011-09-07
KR101023634B1 (ko) 2011-03-22
CN101415852A (zh) 2009-04-22
EP2009125A1 (fr) 2008-12-31
EP2009125A4 (fr) 2017-08-16
WO2007116593A1 (fr) 2007-10-18

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