Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/472—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine
  • A61K31/4725—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
  • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
  • A61K47/186—Quaternary ammonium compounds, e.g. benzalkonium chloride or cetrimide
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/08—Solutions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines

Definitions

• the invention relates to the use of quaternary ammonium compounds for the prevention of precipitation of fluoroquinolones from their solutions and stable, compatible drugs, in particular suitable parenteral administration containing in dissolved form a fluoroquinolone and a quaternary ammonium compound.
• DE-OS 3 831 514 describes solutions with quinolones by the use of metal ions, in particular by calcium ions. Improved solubility of quinolones is also disclosed in JP 02-264724 and by M. Nakano, M. Yamamoto, T. Arita in Chem. Pharm. Bull., Interactions of Aluminum, Magnesium and Calcium ions with
• EP-A 287 926 a detailed purification process is described specifically for the synthesis of fluoroquinolones, so that it does not result in the production of (injection) solutions to particle formation.
• Fluoroquinolone feedstocks with a particularly low level of contamination by metal ions must be used to ensure that the solutions remain free of particles.
• a likewise frequently chosen way out of the problem of particle formation is, for example, the freeze-drying of solutions.
• surfactants are not well tolerated when administered parenterally. This is due among other things to the affinity of the surface-active substances to components of the cell walls. Surface-active substances with a particularly pronounced affinity to cell walls are therefore u.a. also used as a disinfectant or as a preservative. This also applies to preservatives from the group of quaternary ammonium compounds, such as. B. benzalkonium chloride.
• a ready - to - use solution as an injection solution also known as a "ready to use formulation” is therefore advantageous
• the fluoroquinolone in the appropriate amount passes into the serum. Again, this is not a matter of course with injectable formulations of fluoroquinolones and may also depend on the particular animal species.
• Formulations are provided with fluoroquinolones which contain a sufficient concentration of the fluoroquinolone, which are well tolerated locally after parenteral administration in various animal species that are stable under pharmaceutical storage conditions, as well as free of particle formation, and have a favorable serum kinetic profile.
• the invention relates to:
• the invention further relates to:
• a medicament containing in dissolved form is a medicament containing in dissolved form:
• Fluoroquinolones are compounds disclosed, inter alia, in the following documents: US 4,670,444 (Bayer AG), US 4,472,405 (Riker Labs), US 4,730,000 (Abbott), US 4,861
• Moxifloxacin Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Orbifloxacin, Pefloxacin, Temafloxacin, Tosufloxacin, Sarafloxacin, Sparfloxacin.
• a preferred group of fluoroquinolones are those of the formula (I) or (II):
• X is hydrogen, halogen, C M alkyl, Ci -4 -alkoxy, NH 2,
• R 4 represents optionally substituted by hydroxy or methoxy straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, cyclopropyl, acyl having 1 to 3 C-atoms,
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl, phenyl, thienyl or pyridyl
• R 6 is hydrogen or C M -alkyl
• R 7 is hydrogen or C 1-4 -alkyl
• R 8 is hydrogen or C 1-4 -alkyl
• R 1 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, cyclopropyl, 2-fluoroethyl, methoxy, 4-
• R 2 is hydrogen or optionally methoxy or 2-methoxyethoxy-substituted alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and cyclohexyl, benzyl, 2-oxopropyl, phenacyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl,
• R 3 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 1 is optionally halogen-substituted C 1 -C 3 -alkyl or cyclopropyl
• R 2 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl
• R 4 is optionally hydroxyl-substituted straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, oxalkyl having 1 to 4 C atoms,
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl
• R 6 is hydrogen or methyl
• R 7 is hydrogen or methyl
• R 8 is hydrogen or methyl
• R! represents cyclopropyl
• R 2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 4 is methyl, optionally substituted by hydroxy ethyl
• R 5 is hydrogen or methyl
• R 6 is hydrogen
• R 7 is hydrogen or methyl
• R 8 is hydrogen
• Marbofloxacin may be mentioned as a preferred example of a fluoroquinolone of the formula (ET):
• fluoroquinolones which may be mentioned are the compounds described in WO 97/31001, in particular 8-cyano-1-cyclopropyl-7 - ((1S, 6S) -2,8-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] nonan-8-yl) -6-fluoro-l, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (pradofloxacin) having the formula
• the fluoroquinolones may be in the form of their racemates or in enantiomeric forms. Both the pure enantiomers and mixtures thereof can be used according to the invention.
• Suitable salts are pharmaceutically usable acid addition salts and basic salts.
• salts of hydrochloric acid for example, the salts of hydrochloric acid,
• Suitable pharmaceutically usable basic salts are the alkali metal salts, for example the sodium or potassium salts, the alkaline earth metal salts, for example the magnesium or calcium salts; the zinc salts, the silver salts and the guanidinium salts.
• Hydrates are understood as meaning both the hydrates of the fluoroquinolones themselves and the hydrates of their salts.
• An example is pradofloxacin, which forms a stable trihydrate (see WO 2005/097789).
• Fluoroquinolones may possibly form different crystal modifications as a solid.
• Advantageous for the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are those modifications which have corresponding solubility properties.
• the fluoroquinolone for animals with a body weight up to about 80 kg typically in a proportion of 0.1 to 15%, preferably 0.5 to 15% and more preferably used with 1 to 15%.
• the fluoroquinolone is typically used in a proportion of from 1 to 30%, preferably 3 to 25% and particularly preferably 4 to 20%. Unless otherwise stated, here and below the percentages are percent (M / V). This means: mass of the substance in grams per 100 ml of finished solution.
• the medicaments of the invention may contain further suitable active ingredients, such as e.g. Analgesics, in particular NSAIDs (nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory substances).
• NSAIDs nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory substances
• Such NSAIDs can e.g. Meloxicam, flunixin, ketoprofen, carprofen, metamizole or (acetyl) salicylic acid.
• Quaternary ammonium compounds in the context of this invention are usually organic
• Ammonium compounds having non-polar substituents and various counterions such as chloride, bromide, iodide or fluoride may have. These are preferably compounds of the general formula (II):
• R 1 to R 4 are identical or different and are Ci.js-alkyl, which may optionally be interrupted by one or more times oxygen and substituted with hydroxyl or with an optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or Ci-s-alkyl radicals substituted aryl radical can be, or
• R 1 to R 4 by ring closure of three residues 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radicals, such as. B.
• At least one of the radicals R 1 to R 4 preferably has a chain length of 8 to 18, particularly preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms.
• Aryl is preferably a phenyl radical which is optionally substituted by 1 or 2 radicals selected from halogen, in particular chlorine, and C 1-8 -alkyl.
• halogen in particular chlorine
• C 1-8 -alkyl examples are alkyl-dimethyl-benzylammoniumchloride, particularly benzalkonium chloride [(C 8 i.
• alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride or N- (C 12 -C 8) -alkyl-benzyldimethylammoniurn- chloride having average molecular weights ranging from about 380 , Benzethonium chloride (diisobutylphenoxyethoxyethyl-dimethylbenzyl-ammonium chloride), dichlorobenzyl-dimethyl-alkylammonium chloride, benzoxonium chloride (benzyl-dodecyl-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -ammonium chloride), cetrimonium bromide (N-hexadecyl-N, N trimethylammonium bromide, di- (C 8 -C 8 ) -alkyldimethylammonium chloride, for example dioctyldimethylammonium chloride or di-n-decyldimethylammonium chloride, cetylpyridin
• the quaternary ammonium compounds are usually used in concentrations of 0.001 to 10%, preferably from 0.005 to 6% and particularly preferably from 0.005 to 3%.
• the percentages mean% (M / V).
• the medicaments according to the invention may contain, in addition to the quaternary ammonium compounds, further substances which may avoid particle formation; e.g. poloxamers
• Lecithins polyvinylpyrrolidones, cosolvents, antioxidants or complexing agents. These are also usually used in concentrations of 0.001 to 20%, preferably from 0.01 to 10% and particularly preferably from 0.05 to 3%. The percentages mean% (M / V).
• the liquid formulations may contain substances which improve the local tolerance when applied. Examples which may be mentioned are radical scavengers or antioxidants, e.g.
• Vitamin E water-soluble vitamin E esters or vitamin C, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylhydroxytoluene, cysteamine, cysteine, glutathione, thioglycol, thiolactic acid, sodium disulfide or acetylcysteine.
• cyclodextrins eg, hydroxyproypl-cyclodextrin
• sodium EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
• polyvinlypyrrolidone dexpanthenol
• salts of fatty acids such as sodium caprylate
• salts of polyvalent metal cations eg Me 2+, Me 3+
• the alkaline earth metals and here in particular the magnesium in its salt forms amino acids and including especially arginine or lysine, poloxamers, poloxamines, cosolvents such as n-butanol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol or dimethylacetamide, dextrans, creatine, creatinine, acids such as gluconolactonic acid , Lactic acid, embonic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mucic acid or hyaluronic acid, containing lecithins
• the salts of polyvalent metal cations are preferably used, preferably the alkaline earth metal salts, in particular magnesium salts.
• Substances which improve the compatibility are usually used in concentrations of 0.05 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 8% and particularly preferably 0.5 to 5%. The percentages mean% (M / V).
• the liquid formulation may contain water or water-miscible substances.
• examples which may be mentioned are glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, compatible alcohols such as ethanol, benzyl alcohol or n-butanol, ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate, triacetin, N-methylpyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, glycofurol, dimethylacetamide, 2-pyrrolidone, isopropylidene glycerol, or glycerol formal.
• Combinations of the solvents are also conceivable. Preference is given to water-based formulations in which, of course, further solvents and co-solvents may be present.
• the liquid formulation can also contain oils in the form of an emulsion in addition to water or water-miscible substances.
• oils include the vegetable, animal and synthetic oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides of a chain length of Cj 2 -C 18 , propylene glycol octanoate decanoate or paraffin called.
• the solvency is usually contained in concentrations of up to 98.5%, preferably up to 97%, particularly preferably up to 96.5%.
• concentrations of solvency are more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, particularly preferably more than 70%.
• the percentages mean% (M / V).
• the formulations according to the invention may also contain co-solvents, preferably when the formulations contain water; the cosolvents can improve the solubility of certain formulation ingredients.
• the cosolvents are usually used in proportions of 1 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 8% (percentages in each case M / V).
• cosolvents examples which may be mentioned as cosolvents are: pharmaceutically acceptable alcohols, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate, triacetin, N-methylpyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol, glycofurol, dimethylacetamide, 2-pyrrolidone, isopropylideneglycerol, glycerol formal, glycerol and polyethylene glycols.
• Kosolvenz are particularly suitable pharmaceutically acceptable alcohols, such as.
• ethanol benzyl alcohol or n-butanol. Mixtures of the abovementioned solvents can also be used as cosolvents.
• Preservatives may be included in the liquid formulation.
• the abovementioned quaternary ammonium compounds generally have a preserving effect, eg. Benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride or cetylpyridinium chloride.
• Other useful preservatives include: Aliphatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, ethanol, n-butanol, phenol, cresols, chlorobutanol, para-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (in particular the methyl and propyl esters), salts or the free acids of the carboxylic acids, such as sorbic acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid or propionic acid.
• compositions according to the invention may comprise further customary, pharmaceutically acceptable additives and auxiliaries.
• auxiliaries As examples may be mentioned
• antioxidants such as sulfites (Na sulfite, Na-metabisulfite), organic sulfides (cystine, cysteine, cysteamine, methionine, thioglycerol, thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid) phenols (tocopherols, as well as vitamin E and vitamin E TPGS (d- alpha-tocopherylpolyethylene glycol 1000 succinate), butylhydroxyanisole, butylhydroxytoluene, octyl and dodecyl gallate), organic acids (ascorbic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid) and their salts and esters
• Wetting agents such as, for example, fatty acid salts, fatty alkyl sulfates, fatty alkyl sulfonates, linear alkylbenzenesulfonates, fatty alkyl polyethylene glycol ether sulfates, fatty alkyl polyethylene glycol ethers, alkylphenol polyethylene glycol ethers, alkyl polyglycosides, fatty acid N-methylglucamides, polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters and poloxamers.
• fatty acid salts such as, for example, fatty acid salts, fatty alkyl sulfates, fatty alkyl sulfonates, linear alkylbenzenesulfonates, fatty alkyl polyethylene glycol ether sulfates, fatty alkyl polyethylene glycol ethers, alkylphenol polyethylene glycol ethers, alkyl polyglycosides, fatty acid N-methylglucamides, polysorbates,
• substances for isotonization e.g. Sodium chloride, glucose or glycerin.
• the pH of the liquid formulations is 2-11, preferably 3-8 and more preferably 4-7.6.
• compositions according to the invention can be prepared by reacting the fluoroquinolone in the
• Solvens is dispersed, the substances to improve the compatibility and, where appropriate, to avoid particle formation also be supplemented. Kosolventien and other ingredients such. Preservatives may already be added to the solvent or added later.
• Particle formation can also first be solved in the solvent and subsequently the fluoroquinolone can be added.
• the pharmaceutical preparations according to the invention are generally suitable for use in humans and animals. They are preferably used in animal husbandry and animal breeding in livestock, breeding, zoo, laboratory, experimental and hobby animals.
• the productive and breeding animals include mammals such as cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, goats, camels, water buffalo, donkeys, rabbits, fallow deer, reindeer, fur animals such as mink, chinchilla, raccoon and birds such as quails, chickens, geese, Turkeys, ducks, pigeons and bird species for home and zoo keeping.
• Laboratory and experimental animals include mice, rats, guinea pigs, golden hamsters,
• the hobby animals include rabbits, hamsters, rats, guinea pigs, mice, horses, reptiles, corresponding birds, dogs and cats.
• fish are called, namely useful, breeding, aquarium and ornamental fish of all ages, living in fresh and salt water.
• the preparations according to the invention are preferably used in hobby animals such as horses, rabbits, cats and dogs. In particular, they are suitable for use in cats and dogs.
• Examples of preferred farm animals are cattle, sheep, pork, goat, turkey and chicken. Particularly preferred farm animals are beef and pork.
• the application can be both prophylactic, metaphylactic and therapeutic.
• liquid formulations according to the invention are preferably added as solutions or emulsions, particularly preferred are homogeneous solutions.
• formulations described herein can be delivered in various ways to the target organism (human or animal).
• they can be parenteral, especially by
• Injection eg subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, intramammary, intraperitoneally
• dermally orally, rectally, vaginally or nasally
• parenteral administration is preferred, in particular by injection.
• the use with the substances mentioned leads to medicaments with good solubility of the active ingredient and good stability of the formulation, in particular with regard to precipitations. Furthermore, the medicament according to the invention is distinguished by good compatibility and suitable serum kinetics in the various animal species mentioned, in particular after parenteral administration. Examples
• the formulations of the following examples are prepared by mixing or dissolving the indicated starting materials in Aqua per injections.
• the pH of the solutions can be adjusted by adding acids or bases.
• the solutions for injection are sterile filtered and transferred into suitable containers.
• Pradofloxacin can be used as anhydrate or as
• Trihydrate are used; the numerical values are calculated respectively for the anhydrate.
• enrofloxacin 0.5 g of enrofloxacin, 1.5 g of magnesium chloride hexahydrate and 0.01 g of benzalkonium chloride are dissolved in 50 ml of water per injection and, if appropriate, the pH is adjusted to 6.0 with potassium hydroxide.
• pradofloxacin calculated as pure pradofloxacin, used as trihydrate
• magnesium chloride hexahydrate 1.5 g
• benzalkonium chloride 1.5 g
• pradofloxacin 0.75 g of pradofloxacin, 1.5 g of magnesium chloride hexahydrate and 0.005 g of benzethonium chloride are dissolved in 50 ml of water per injection and, if appropriate, the pH is adjusted to 6.0 with sodium hydroxide.
• pradofloxacin calculated as pure pradofloxacin, used as trihydrate
• Magnesium chloride hexahydrate and 0.01 g of benzalkonium chloride are dissolved in 50 ml of water per injection and, if appropriate, the pH is adjusted to 6.0 with sodium hydroxide.
• the formulation also has an influence on the serum pharmacokinetic (PK) profile.
• PK serum pharmacokinetic
• Different formulations show significant differences in the serum concentration-time curve. For quinolones, fast absorption, high peak concentration, and long elimination phase curves are preferred.
• the table below shows the PK profile of a formulation according to the invention. The test system used has been described in the "Local Compatibility" section.

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