EP1966429B1 - Circuit comprenant un module a effet peltier - Google Patents
Circuit comprenant un module a effet peltier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1966429B1 EP1966429B1 EP06830086A EP06830086A EP1966429B1 EP 1966429 B1 EP1966429 B1 EP 1966429B1 EP 06830086 A EP06830086 A EP 06830086A EP 06830086 A EP06830086 A EP 06830086A EP 1966429 B1 EP1966429 B1 EP 1966429B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- peltier
- circuit arrangement
- voltage
- peltier module
- arrangement according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F34/08—Control circuits or arrangements thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2103/44—Current or voltage
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2103/50—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers related to heat pumps, e.g. pressure or flow rate
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2105/26—Heat pumps
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2105/62—Stopping or disabling machine operation
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
- D06F58/20—General details of domestic laundry dryers
- D06F58/206—Heat pump arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B2321/02—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effects; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effects
- F25B2321/021—Control thereof
- F25B2321/0212—Control thereof of electric power, current or voltage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit arrangement comprising a Peltier module for use in a Peltier heat pump, another consumer (11, 12) and a power supply for a tumble dryer, wherein the Peltier module comprises at least one series arrangement of Peltier elements, and wherein each series arrangement can be acted upon by a DC voltage ,
- Peltier element in construction and function is known, which has the structure described above.
- the half elements of this Peltier element are columnar or cuboidal and consist of doped semiconductors as materials.
- the semiconductors are in particular bismuth telluride, and a p-type doped semiconductor and an n-type doped semiconductor are used.
- a half element of the p-type doped semiconductor and a half element of the n-type doped semiconductor are each connected to one side via a printed circuit board, also referred to as a metal bridge, and at another side, which is opposite to said one side , connected in each case via a further printed circuit board with a further half-element or a connection contact for connection of the Peltier element to an electrical network.
- a printed circuit board also referred to as a metal bridge
- the DE 1 410 206 A is a washing machine, in which laundry not only washed, but also can be dried.
- an electric heating device for heating an air stream used for drying laundry and a simple heat exchanger for cooling the heated Air flow may be provided after applying the laundry, but the heater and the radiator may also belong to a heat pump.
- the heat pump device may be a heat pump device which operates with Peltier elements for use of the thermoelectric effect.
- a proper English Kurzauszug resulting device for drying laundry which in turn corresponds to the type described input, contains in its first channel system in addition to a heater and a radiator, both of which belong to a thermoelectrically operable heat pump, a cooler upstream of the additional heat exchanger for cooling the of the Laundry goods discharged air flow and a heater downstream additional heating device for further heating of the air flow before applying the laundry.
- a tumble dryer with a Peltier heat pump is off EP 1 342 828 A2 known.
- the invention discloses the Seebeck effect which occurs in the separate Peltier module from each power supply as a reversal of the thermoelectric effect for the optional supply of other consumers and also makes specific electrical properties and measured variables available for use.
- the switch takes account of the fact that another consumer in the tumble dryer can use an electrical voltage that arises due to the sea-bake effect when the Peltier module is exposed to a temperature difference between the associated heater and the associated cooler without connection of an external electrical voltage.
- the switch can be controlled by a drive unit of the tumble dryer.
- the control unit can thereby control the switch at least optionally as a function of a temperature at the Peltier module or another suitable location in the tumble dryer and thus periodically perform corresponding measurements. This makes it possible to introduce a control in which the Peltier module is turned off when the temperature leaves a critical area.
- the control temperature depends on the temperature sensor data and the dimensioning of the control circuit.
- the other consumer comprises an interior lighting of the tumble dryer.
- interior lighting is primarily important when the tumble dryer is open for loading or unloading, and thus need not necessarily be operated simultaneously with the Peltier module.
- Further preferred consumers which can be connected to the Peltier module as an alternative to the power supply, are sensors and controllers for suitable partial aspects of the processes and display elements taking place in the tumble dryer. Such another consumer is integrated with further preference in a drive unit for the tumble dryer.
- the other consumer comprises a sensor for a voltage across the Peltier module. Due to the dependence of this generated by the Seebeck effect voltage of the voltage across the Peltier module temperature difference is a determination of this temperature difference, in particular for use as input to control the running in the dryer drying process, by measuring this voltage possible.
- the other consumer comprises a sensor for electrical resistance of the Peltier module. Due to the strong negative temperature coefficient of a conventional Peltier element is via a measurement of electrical resistance Measurement of the operating temperature of the Peltier module possible - whereby the operating temperature is an excellent and preferred measure for detecting a malfunction of the dryer.
- the DC voltage for supplying the Peltier module is preferably generated by rectification of the mains voltage, in particular of 230 volts AC, in a mains rectifier.
- the number of Peltier elements and the manufacturer of the Peltier elements are selected so that they are adapted to this rectified mains voltage optimized.
- the number of Peltier elements and the manufacturer type are selected such that the Peltier elements of the series arrangement are operated by applying the rectified mains voltage arrangement at an operating point which is at least suitable and preferably optimized for the use of the Peltier module in a Peltier heat pump is.
- the Peltier module is operated indirectly with mains voltage.
- a tumble dryer which is connected to the mains voltage, this represents a particularly simple way of providing a DC voltage.
- a switch can be controlled, which can interrupt the entire voltage supply, for example because it is located on the AC side of the power rectifier and can interrupt the AC power supply. This then takes into account the fact that the other consumers do not need the voltage during the temperature control of the Peltier module in the meantime, so that the rectifier can be completely turned off in the context of the scheme.
- the temperature control of the type mentioned serves to regulate the temperature in a certain range.
- an over-temperature protection can be provided. This can be made much more direct than it takes place via the intermediate path of a special temperature sensor.
- a thermal switch can be coupled. If the Peltier module (at the coupling point) exceeds a certain temperature, the thermal switch switches.
- the thermal switch may be located on the DC side, it is preferred to be on the DC side AC power supply side to the mains rectifier arranged so that it interrupts the AC power supply in the event of excessive temperature.
- a buffer capacitor may be arranged downstream.
- the charging current on the buffer capacitor is preferably limited by a charging current limiter (for example of the NTC type).
- the corresponding interconnection results in a logical manner such that the buffer capacitor is connected in parallel to two outputs of the mains rectifier, and that the charging current limiter is arranged in the current path between a terminal of the mains rectifier and a terminal of the buffer capacitor.
- FIG. illustrates the circuit diagram of the circuit arrangement according to the invention.
- FIG. schematically illustrates a Peltier module 1, which is to serve for use in a Peltier heat pump for a tumble dryer.
- the Peltier module comprises Peltier elements 2 connected in rows, although twelve Peltier elements 2 are shown here, but the Peltier module need not be fixed to the number twelve.
- the number of Peltier elements 2 and the operating values of the Peltier elements 2 are jointly designed so that the series arrangement of the Peltier elements 2 can be operated with a voltage that results in rectification of the mains voltage.
- the mains voltage of 230 volts AC (230 Vac) is initially provided, wherein here the connections L and N are shown schematically.
- the AC voltage is rectified by a mains rectifier 3, which has a conventional construction of a rectifier.
- a buffer capacitor 4 is provided, which is connected in parallel with the DC-side terminals of the mains rectifier 3.
- NTC resistor i.e. resistance with a negative temperature coefficient
- Thermally coupled to the Peltier module 1 is a corresponding temperature change automatically switching thermal switch 6.
- the thermal switch 6 switches on the AC side of the mains rectifier 3, interrupts the AC voltage supply and thus switches off the Peltier module 1.
- the temperature control can also be designed somewhat more precisely.
- a temperature sensor 7 is provided on the Peltier module 1 at a predefined location. This leads to electronic measured values of a control unit 11 controlling the tumble dryer for the corresponding control of a relay control circuit (shown as a transistor circuit).
- a relay control circuit shown as a transistor circuit.
- About the Relaisan Kunststoff Vietnamese also an AC-side switch 9 is actuated, d. H. the entire Peltier module 1 are turned off.
- the Relaisan Kunststoff Vietnamese 11 has as a further input a DC voltage signal from the drive unit 11 of the tumble dryer.
- the Peltier module 1 is thus also indirectly by means of a corresponding Relaisan Kunststoffnikes and the switch 9 switched off.
- a switch 10 (relay) is provided. With the help of the switch 10, the rectified mains voltage can also be separated from the Peltier module 1. However, the rectifier 3 remains active and the DC voltage is therefore still available. After separation from the DC voltage, the Peltier module 1 is switched to an interior lighting 12 of the tumble dryer. For the interior lighting 12, four light-emitting diodes and an additional resistor connected in series to the light-emitting diodes are illustrated schematically here. The interior lighting 12 is connected in parallel another, in the drive unit 11th integrated and in the drawing by this symbolized consumer. This other consumer may be another sensor, a controller, a display element or a plurality of such other consumers. Another consumer in the form of a voltage or resistance measuring device can be periodically repeatedly connected to the Peltier module 1 by switching the changeover switch 10 in order to obtain measured values for controlling a drying process taking place in the tumble dryer.
- the changeover switch 10 is also controlled via the Relaisan Kunststoffnik 11, so it can be optionally regulated depending on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7.
- the changeover switch 10 By switching the Peltier module 1 is separated from the DC voltage, whereby the temperature is lowered again. If the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 drops below a certain limit value, the drive unit 11 becomes active again and switches the switch 10 again, so that the Peltier module 1 is again connected to the rectified mains voltage.
- a throttle 8 for power factor correction (Power Factor Correction, PFC) is connected upstream of the rectifier 3.
- the Peltier module 1 has operating values which are optimized by suitable choice of the number of individual Peltier elements 2 and by suitable selection of this type in such a way that it can be operated with a rectified mains voltage.
- the operating point is optimized for the operation of the Peltier module 1 for use in the context of a Peltier heat pump in providing the rectified mains voltage.
- thermo switch 6 There are over-temperature protection by means of the thermal switch 6. With the help of the temperature sensor 7 and the switches 9 and 10, which are controlled by the drive unit 11, a self-temperature control is possible.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Claims (14)
- Agencement de circuit comprenant un module à effet Peltier (1) pour une utilisation dans une pompe à chaleur à effet Peltier, un autre consommateur (11, 12) et une alimentation en tension pour un sèche-linge,
le module à effet Peltier (1) comprenant au moins un agencement en série à base d'éléments à effet Peltier (2), chaque agencement en série pouvant être alimenté avec une tension continue,
caractérisé en ce que
il est prévu un commutateur inverseur (10) avec deux positions, pour la première desquelles la tension continue alimente le module à effet Peltier (1), et pour la seconde desquelles la tension continue n'alimente pas le module à effet Peltier (1), mais le module à effet Peltier (1) est relié à l'autre consommateur (11, 12). - Agencement de circuit selon la revendication 1, sur lequel l'autre consommateur (11, 12) comprend un éclairage d'espace intérieur (12) du sèche-linge.
- Agencement de circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, sur lequel l'autre consommateur (11, 12) présente au moins un autre consommateur (11), en particulier un élément ou plusieurs éléments du groupe comprenant un autre capteur, une commande et un élément d'affichage.
- Agencement de circuit selon la revendication 3, sur lequel l'autre consommateur (11) est intégré dans une unité d'activation (11) pour le sèche-linge.
- Agencement de circuit selon la revendication 3 ou 4, sur lequel l'autre consommateur (11, 12) comprend un capteur (11) pour une tension continue obtenue au moyen du module à effet Peltier (1).
- Agencement de circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, sur lequel l'autre consommateur (11, 12) comprend un capteur (11) pour une résistance électrique du module à effet Peltier (1).
- Agencement de circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, qui présente un capteur de température (7) placé sur le module à effet Peltier (1), lequel capteur est relié à une unité d'activation (11) et avec lequel une température du module à effet Peltier (1) peut être enregistrée.
- Agencement de circuit selon la revendication 7, sur lequel l'unité d'activation (11) est aménagée pour la commande du commutateur inverseur (10) en fonction de la température.
- Agencement de circuit selon la revendication 7, sur lequel l'unité d'activation (11) est aménagée pour la commande d'un commutateur (9) qui peut interrompre l'ensemble de l'alimentation en tension.
- Agencement de circuit selon la revendication 9, sur lequel la tension continue est générée par le redressement de la tension de secteur dans un redresseur de secteur (3) et le commutateur (9) est disposé sur un côté courant alternatif du redresseur de secteur (3) et peut interrompre l'alimentation en courant alternatif.
- Agencement de circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, sur lequel la tension continue est générée par le redressement de la tension de secteur dans un redresseur de secteur (3) et un thermorupteur (6) est couplé thermiquement au module à effet Peltier (1), lequel interrompt l'alimentation en courant alternatif du redresseur de secteur (3) en cas de dépassement d'une température définie du module à effet Peltier (1).
- Agencement de circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, sur lequel la tension continue est générée par le redressement de la tension de secteur dans un redresseur de secteur (3) et un condensateur tampon (4) est placé en aval du redresseur de secteur (3) sur un côté courant continu pour la stabilisation de la tension redressée, le courant de charge étant limité par un limiteur de courant de charge (5) sur le condensateur tampon (4).
- Agencement de circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, sur lequel la tension continue est générée par le redressement de la tension de secteur dans un redresseur de secteur (3) et une bobine de réactance (8) pour la correction du facteur de puissance est montée en aval du redresseur de secteur (3) sur un côté courant alternatif.
- Agencement de circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, sur lequel- la tension continue est générée par le redressement de la tension de secteur, en particulier du courant alternatif 230 V dans un redresseur de secteur (3),- le nombre des éléments à effet Peltier (2) et le type de fabricant des éléments à effet Peltier (2) sont choisis de telle sorte que les éléments à effet Peltier (2) de l'agencement en série sont exploités par l'alimentation de l'agencement en série avec la tension de secteur redressée en un point de fonctionnement qui est approprié, en particulier optimisé, pour l'utilisation du module à effet Peltier (1) dans une pompe à chaleur à effet Peltier.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005060040A DE102005060040A1 (de) | 2005-12-15 | 2005-12-15 | Schaltungsanordnung für ein Peltiermodul |
PCT/EP2006/068802 WO2007071517A1 (fr) | 2005-12-15 | 2006-11-23 | Circuit pour module a effet peltier |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1966429A1 EP1966429A1 (fr) | 2008-09-10 |
EP1966429B1 true EP1966429B1 (fr) | 2010-03-31 |
Family
ID=37700157
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06830086A Not-in-force EP1966429B1 (fr) | 2005-12-15 | 2006-11-23 | Circuit comprenant un module a effet peltier |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090031734A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1966429B1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101306378B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE462820T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE102005060040A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2007071517A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011081022A1 (de) * | 2011-08-16 | 2013-02-21 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Wäschetrocknungsgerät mit einer Wärmepumpe umfassend einen Antrieb sowie Verfahren zu seinem Betrieb |
EP2586898B1 (fr) * | 2011-10-25 | 2014-06-04 | Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. | Système de contrôle de courant d'appel |
CN114294856B (zh) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-08-25 | 迈克医疗电子有限公司 | 提高帕尔贴制冷效率的方法、装置、介质、设备及仪器 |
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US7005618B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-02-28 | General Electric Company | Clothes dryer apparatus and method |
US7082772B2 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2006-08-01 | Directed Electronics, Inc. | Peltier temperature control system for electronic components |
JP2005072218A (ja) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-03-17 | Tdk Corp | 発光素子の温度管理方法および管理装置、および照明装置 |
DE202004002128U1 (de) * | 2004-02-12 | 2004-05-19 | Palme, Klaus, Dipl.-Ing. | Nach dem Seebeckeffekt arbeitende Lichtquellenanordnung |
US7252385B2 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2007-08-07 | Infocus Corporation | Projection LED cooling |
DE102004025065A1 (de) * | 2004-05-18 | 2005-12-08 | Basf Ag | Antimonide mit neuen Eigenschaftskombinationen |
DE102004044176A1 (de) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-30 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Trocknungsverfahren für ein Haushaltsgerät und Haushaltsgerät zur Durchführung des Trocknungsverfahren |
US20060266043A1 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2006-11-30 | Allan Jerome | Power generation system |
DE102005020095A1 (de) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-02 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Elektrischer Schaltkreis |
US7211771B1 (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2007-05-01 | Precision Solar Controls Inc. | De-icing system for traffic signals |
DE102005060041A1 (de) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Schaltungsanordnung für ein Peltiermodul |
DE102005060355A1 (de) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-06-21 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Hausgerät mit thermoelektrischer Wärmepumpe |
DE102005062804A1 (de) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-05 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Wärmepumpenanlage, insbesondere für ein Hausgerät |
CN101471337B (zh) * | 2007-12-28 | 2012-03-14 | 富士迈半导体精密工业(上海)有限公司 | 具良好散热性能的光源模组 |
-
2005
- 2005-12-15 DE DE102005060040A patent/DE102005060040A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-11-23 US US12/086,470 patent/US20090031734A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-11-23 KR KR1020087014258A patent/KR101306378B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-11-23 EP EP06830086A patent/EP1966429B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-11-23 AT AT06830086T patent/ATE462820T1/de active
- 2006-11-23 WO PCT/EP2006/068802 patent/WO2007071517A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2006-11-23 DE DE502006006612T patent/DE502006006612D1/de active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102005060040A1 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
WO2007071517A1 (fr) | 2007-06-28 |
DE502006006612D1 (de) | 2010-05-12 |
KR20080089346A (ko) | 2008-10-06 |
ATE462820T1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
KR101306378B1 (ko) | 2013-09-09 |
EP1966429A1 (fr) | 2008-09-10 |
US20090031734A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
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