EP1959736A1 - Fungizid oder antimykotisch wirkende verbindungen - Google Patents
Fungizid oder antimykotisch wirkende verbindungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1959736A1 EP1959736A1 EP06829487A EP06829487A EP1959736A1 EP 1959736 A1 EP1959736 A1 EP 1959736A1 EP 06829487 A EP06829487 A EP 06829487A EP 06829487 A EP06829487 A EP 06829487A EP 1959736 A1 EP1959736 A1 EP 1959736A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- spp
- compound
- candida
- fungi
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/10—Antimycotics
Definitions
- the present invention provides a fungicidally or antimycotically active compound of the general formula (I)
- the present invention is particularly useful for the treatment or prevention of fungal infestation, v.a. in the field of crop protection, the protection of materials and stored goods as well as in cosmetics.
- Fungi, mykota or mycobionts can attack both humans and animals as well as plants and cause a variety of diseases.
- Mushrooms live as saprophytes, parasites or pathogens in the water or in the countryside. They are multicellular and, unlike the prokaryotes (procytes, for example bacteria and blue-green algae), belong to the eukaryotes whose cells (Eucytes) have a nucleus delimited by a nuclear envelope from the rest of the cytoplasm.
- Fungi are not plant organisms, but like these they have a cell wall as well as cellulosic vacuoles and a microscopically visible plasma flow. They are C heterotrophic, i. they contain no photosynthesis apparatus and no chloroplasts.
- Fungi typically grow under aerobic conditions and gain energy through oxidation of organic substances. Rarely, fungi, such as yeasts, occur as facultative anaerobes capable of producing energy through fermentation processes. Fungi also have filamentous vegetation organs, which in their entirety form the mycelium.
- the building block of the cell wall of fungi consists essentially of chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine.
- the vegetation body is the thallus; consists of either amoeboid plasmodia (e.g., protozoa) or hyphae (true fungi)
- Dermatomycoses are fungal diseases in which certain In particular, fungi invade the skin and / or hair follicles.
- the symptoms of dermatomycoses include blisters, exfoliation, rhagades and erosion, usually associated with itching or eczema.
- Dermatomycoses can be subdivided essentially into the following four groups: dermatophytoses (for example epidermophytia, favus, microsporia, trichophytia), yeast mycoses (eg pityriasis and other myrotic pityrosporum, candidal infections, blastomycosis, bus-bush disease).
- dermatophytoses for example epidermophytia, favus, microsporia, trichophytia
- yeast mycoses eg pityriasis and other myrotic pityrosporum, candidal infections, blastomycosis, bus-bush disease.
- mold mycoses eg aspergillosis, cephalosporidosis, phycomycosis and scopular isopidemias
- systemic mycoses eg chromomycosis, coccidiomycosis, histoplasmosis.
- dermatomycoses For example, one of the most well-known and widely used dermatomycoses is athlete's foot. Especially unpleasant are fungal infections of the fingers and toenails.
- all areas of the human skin can be affected by dermatomycoses, with dermatophytes almost exclusively affecting the skin, hair and nails.
- Yeast mycoses can also affect mucous membranes and internal organs, systemic mycoses regularly extend to whole organ systems. Dermatomycoses particularly frequently affect areas of the body on which moisture and heat can accumulate through clothing, jewelery or footwear and thus provide ideal environmental conditions for the growth of the respective fungus species.
- Dermatomycoses can be used as primary infections or as secondary infections, e.g. the skin or other organs.
- a primary infection in addition to the infestation with the respective fungal species no further infection with other physiological or non-physiological agents.
- an existing primary infection i. if in normal germ colonization of the skin or other organs a new infection with high numbers of germs of one or more often physiological agents - such as staphylococcus - often but also unphysiological pathogens - for example Candida albicans - occurs, but coincidence of unfavorable influences, a "superinfection" of the affected skin or Organs occur.
- the normal microflora of the skin or the organs or mucous membranes are literally overgrown by the secondary pathogen.
- Such superinfections are found in a variety of dermatological diseases, eg. Atopic eczema, eczema, acne, seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis. Also, many medical and therapeutic measures, such. As the radio or chemotherapy, drug induced immunosuppression, systemic antibiotics treatment, as well as external chemical or physical influences (eg, environmental pollution, smog), promote the occurrence of superinfections of the external and internal organs, especially the skin and the Mucous membranes. Although it is in some cases readily possible to combat superinfections by medication, but often unpleasant side effects occur.
- Candida albicans is mainly known as the main causative agent of vaginitis, which occurs in large parts of the female population at least once in the course of life.
- Candida albicans has also become known as a serious causative agent of infections of the mucous membranes of HIV-infected people.
- Cancf / c / a infection of the oropharynx or esophagus in HIV-positive patients is often the first manifestation of AIDS.
- mycoses other than other species e.g. Candida tropicalis, Candida lusitaniae and Candida glabrata are observed.
- yeasts are also relevant causative agents of so-called "opportunistic" mycoses in immunosuppressed patients.
- Therapeutics are currently insufficiently available for the treatment of fungal infections, unlike, for example, in the treatment of bacterial infections in which a large spectrum of active ingredients based on the most diverse mechanisms of action is available. Although a variety of antimycotic substances exist, they can not be used as medicines due to the strong side effects they cause in humans. Of importance for the treatment of systemic mycoses and in clinical use are currently only the active ingredients amphotericin B (in different formulations), flucytosine, various azoles and caspofungin, a substance of the genus Echinocandine. However, none of these substances show satisfactory results in pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics, especially when administered orally.
- fungi are also important pest organisms in the field of crop protection and material protection and provide in this Area for huge economic damage. For example, 83% of the 162 most important infectious diseases of Central European crops alone are caused by fungi.
- in the literature for example, in vegetables, more than 200 by seed (spores) transmissible, ie seed-borne, fungal diseases.
- the preventive or concomitant protection of seeds and seedlings from fungi is an important prerequisite for the economic production of high quality vegetables or fruits as well as for the production and care of other plants, e.g. Trees and shrubs.
- Such preventive or attendant protection can not always be satisfactorily achieved.
- other plants e.g. In the case of vegetable seed, it is contaminated with fungal diseases, thus jeopardizing the economic viability of the cultivation as early as in the beginning.
- the already successfully cultivated plant is attacked by fungi and contaminated by fungal diseases.
- fungi of the genus Alternaria or Phytophthora infect the seeds (as well as the cultured plants).
- Phytophthora alni Phytophthora cambivora
- Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora ramorum
- Phytophthora quercina etc., known for example as Phytophthora aa, which cause massive economic damage in forestry.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide new antimycotics / fungicides for use in plants, humans and animals.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide novel methods suitable for the synthesis of such new drugs.
- the present object is achieved by a 1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thione as a novel antifungal fungicidal compound which is present at positions 2 and 5 of the 1, 2,4-triazolidine-3-thione heterocycle may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted, as described below.
- the object is preferably achieved by a 2,5,5-trisubstituted 1, 2,4-triazolidine-3-thione derivative of the formula (I),
- R1 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 represent substituents T1, T2, T3, T4 or T5, T1, T2, T3, T4 or T5 being selected together or independently from H, OH, OR 4 , COR 4 , COOR 4 , CHO, CH 2 R 4 , CHR 2 4 , CR 3 4 , SH, SR 4 , SO, SO 2 , SO 2 R 4 , SO 3 , HSO 3 , NH, NH 2 , NR 4 , NHR 4 , NHNH 2 , NO, NO 2 , NHNH 2 , NHNHR 4 , NOH, NOR 4 , X, CX 3 , CHX 2 or CH 2 X, or a branched or unbranched (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl, (dC 20) alkenyl, (C 1 -C 2o) -AIkInVl, (dC 20) -heteroalkyl, (C 1 -C 20) -Heteroal
- R 2, R 3 together form a bridged structure or are independent of one another and can be selected together or independently of one another from H, OH, OR 4 , COR 4 , COOR 4 , CHO 1 CH 2 R 4 , CHR 2 4 , CR 3 4 , SH, SR 4 , SO, SO 2 , SO 2 R 4 , SO 3 , HSO 3 , NH, NH 2 , NR 4 , NHR 4 , NHNH 2 , NO, NO 2 , NHNH 2 , NHNHR 4 , NOH, NOR 4 , X, CX 3 , CHX 2 or CH 2 X, or a branched or unbranched (dC 2 o) -alkyl, (dC 2 o) -alkenyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) -alkynyl, (C r C 20 ) Heteroalkyl, (dC 20 ) heteroalkenyl, (dC 20 ) heteroalky
- X is a halogen selected from F, Cl, Br or I, or a pseudohalogen selected from CN, NC, or CO
- R 4 is selected from H or a branched or unbranched (-C 2 o) alkyl, (C 1 -C 20) - alkenyl, (C 1 -C 2o) -AIkJnVl, (dC ⁇ heteroalkyl, (Ci-C 20 ) -Heteroalkenyl, (dC ⁇ -Heteroalkinyl, (C 1 - C 20) alkoxy, (C r C 20) -alkenoxy, (C r C 14) aryl, (C 1 -C 14) -heteroaryl or (C -C 20 ) arylalkyl,
- R2 is H, R3 not CH 3 when R 2 is CH 3, R3 not phenyl or CH 3 when R 3 is H, R 2 is not CH 3, and when R 3 is a CH 3, R 2 is is not phenyl or CH 3 .
- the fungicidal compound of the invention comprises a 1, 2,4-triazolidine-3-thione of the formula (I), wherein
- R1 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 ring position substituents "Pl 1 T2, T3, T4 or T5 represent, where T1, T2, T3, T4 or T5 together or independently may be selected from H, X, or a branched or unbranched (Ci-C 2 o) -alkyl, wherein 1 to 10 hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon chain or the ring may optionally be substituted with R 4 , H, OH, OR 4 , COR 4 , COOR 4 , CHO, CH 2 R 4 , CHR 2 4 , CR 3 4 , SH, SR 4 , SO, SO 2 , SO 2 R 4 , SO 3 , HSO 3 , NH, NH 2 , NR 4 , NHR 4 , NHNH 2 , NO, NO 2 , NHNH 2 , NHNHR 4 , NOH, NOR 4 , X, CX 3 , CHX 2 or CH 2 X, and
- R 2 , R 3 together form a bridged structure or are independent of one another and can be selected together or independently from H or a branched or unbranched (C 1 -C 20) -alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 ) -aryl, (C 1 -C 4 ) -alkyl Heteroaryl or (dC 20 ) -arylalkyl, where 1 to 10 H-atoms of the hydrocarbon chain or ring can optionally be substituted by R 4 , H, OH, OR 4 , COR 4 , COOR 4 , CHO, CH 2 R 4 , CHR 2 4 , CR 3 4 , SH, SR 4 , SO, SO 2 , SO 2 R 4 , SO 3 , HSO 3 , NH, NH 2 , NR 4 , NHR 4 , NHNH 2 , NO, NO 2 , NHNH 2 , NHNHR 4 , NOH, NOR 4 , X, CX 3 ,
- X is a halogen selected from F, Cl, Br or I 1 or a pseudohalogen selected from CN, NC, or CO, and
- R 4 is selected from H or a branched or unbranched (dC 20 ) -alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) -alkenyl, (dC 20 ) -alkynyl, (C r C 2 o) -Heteroalkyl, (dC 20 ) - Heteroalkenyl, (C r C 20 ) -heteroalkynyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) -alkoxy, (C r C 20 ) -alkenoxy, (dC 14 ) -aryl, (C r C 14 ) -heteroaryl or (C r C 20 ) arylalkyl,
- the fungicidal compound of the invention comprises a 1, 2,4-triazolidine-3-thione of the formula (I) having one of the following structures:
- alkyl includes linear, branched or cyclic CrC 2 O, preferably C 1 -C 10 , more preferably C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbon structures, and combinations thereof.
- “Lower alkyl” refers to alkyl groups having 1-6 carbon atoms. Examples of lower alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, s and t-butyl and the like. Cycloalkyls are a subset of the alkyls and include cyclic hydrocarbon groups of 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, norbornyl and the like.
- alkenyl includes linear, branched or cyclic unsaturated C 1 -C 2 O, preferably C 1 -C 10 , more preferably C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbon structures and combinations thereof.
- “Lower alkenyls” refer to alkenyl groups of 1 -6 carbon atoms. Examples of lower alkenyl groups include methenyl, ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, s-butenyl and the like.
- Cycloalkenyls are a subset of the alkenyls and include cyclic hydrocarbon groups of from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkenyl groups include cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl and the like.
- alkynyl includes linear, branched or cyclic unsaturated C 1 -C 20, preferably C 1 -C 10 , more preferably C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbon structures, and combinations thereof.
- “Lower alkynyls” refer to alkynyl groups of 1 -6 carbon atoms. Examples of lower alkynyl groups include methynyl, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl and the like. Cycloalkynyls are a subset of the alkynyls and include cyclic hydrocarbon groups of from 3 to 20, preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
- a “heteroalkyl” or “heteroalkenyl” of the instant compound includes an alkyl or alkenyl as defined above in which 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms are replaced by a heteroatom such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur.
- Alkoxy or “alkoxyl” groups refer to groups of 1 to 20 hydrocarbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, of unbranched, branched or cyclic configuration and combinations thereof, which link an alkyl radical as defined above via an oxygen atom to the main compound. Examples include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, cyclopropyloxy, cyclohexyloxy and like groups. Lower alkoxy or alkoxyl groups refer to groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Alkenoxy or “alkenoxyl” groups refer to groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, straight, branched or cyclic unsaturated configuration, and combinations thereof which are linked via an oxygen atom with the main compound. Examples include methenoxy, ethenoxy, propenoxy, isopropenoxy, cyclopropenyloxy, cyclohexenyloxy and the like. Lower alkenoxy or alkenoxyl groups refer to groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Aryls and “heteroaryls” refer to a 5- or 6-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; a bicyclic 9- or 10-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system containing 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; or a tricyclic 13- or 14-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system containing 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 heteroatoms selected from O 1 N or S.
- the aromatic 6- to 14-membered ring systems include for example, with a benzene, naphthalene, indane, tetralin, and fluorene and the 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclic rings include, for example, an imidazole, pyridine, indole, thiophene, benzopyranone, thiazole, furan, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, Pyrimidine, pyrazine, tetrazole and pyrazole.
- aralkyl radicals are benzyl, phenethyl and the like, as well as heteroarylalkyls or heteroarylalkenyls.
- Heteroarylalkyl means an alkyl radical as defined above attached to a heteroaryl ring as defined above.
- Heteroarylalkenyl means an alkylene radical as defined above attached to a heteroaryl ring as defined above. Examples include pyridinylmethyl, pyrimidinylethyl and the like.
- a “heterocycle” represents a cycloalkyl or aryl radical as defined above in which one or two carbons are replaced by a heteroatom such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur which fall within the scope of this invention include pyrrolidine, pyrazole, pyrrole, indole, quinoline, isoquinoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, benzofuran, benzodioxane, benzodioxole (commonly referred to as methylenedioxyphenyl if it occurs as a substituent), tetrazole, morpholine, thiazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine , Thiophene, furan, oxazole, oxazoline, isoxazole, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and the like.
- Acyles according to the present invention relate to groups of 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, hydrocarbon atoms of the form RCO, more preferably of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, where R may be any of the abovementioned groups.
- Exemplary acyl groups of the present invention are methanoyl, acetyl, ethanoyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, malonyl, benzoyl, and the like.
- alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, alkoxy, alkenoxy, acyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, aryloxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, carboxamido, acylamino, amidino, adamantyl or heteroaryloxy according to the present invention may be substituted.
- H atoms of the hydrocarbon chain or of the ring are optionally substituted by R 4 , H, OH, OR 4 , COR 4 , COOR 4 , CHO, CH 2 R 4 , CHR 2 4 , CR 3 4 , SH , SR 4 , SO, SO 2 , SO 2 R 4 , SO 3 , HSO 3 , NH, NH 2 , NR 4 , NHR 4 , NHNH 2 , NO, NO 2 , NHNH 2 , NHNHR 4 , NOH, NOR 4 , X, CX 3 , CHX 2 , or CH 2 X, wherein X is a halogen selected from F, Cl, Br or I, or a pseudohalogen selected from CN, NC, CO 1 and R 4 is selected from H or a branched or unbranched (C 1 - C 20) alkyl, (CrC ü oJ alkenyl, (C r C , COOR 4 ,
- a halogen X typically comprises the halogens F, Cl, Br, and I.
- the pseudohalogens CN, NC or CO can also be used.
- All compounds described in accordance with the present invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers and thus form enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereomeric forms designated (R) -or (S) - according to the terms of absolute stereochemistry.
- the present invention includes such possible isomers as well as their pure and racemic forms.
- Optically active (R) or (S) isomers can be prepared using Synthosan or chiral reagents or resolved using standard techniques. If the compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds or other centers of geometric asymmetry, unless otherwise stated includes both geometric E and Z isomers comprising. In an analogous manner, all tautomeric forms are included according to the invention.
- Salts in the context of the present invention include compounds according to the invention as defined above which have a charge and a counterion which preferably "neutralizes" the charge of the compound according to the invention:
- Counterions may include metals, for example alkali or alkaline earth metals, preferably Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , etc., or counterions with a central atom from the 4th, 5th, or 6th main group of the Periondensystems such as NH 4+ , HSO 3 ' , SO 3 2' , etc.
- Compounds according to the invention (charged) may be attached to alcohols, amines, thiols, carboxylic acids, amines, amino acids, heterocycles containing N- or O- or S-
- the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be obtained by a chemical synthesis reaction.
- a ketone / aldehyde of the formula (II) is preferably reacted with a hydrazine of the formula (III) to give an N-monosubstituted ketone hydrazone of the formula (IV), where R 1, R 2 and R 3 are as defined above ,
- step 2 which can also be carried out separately, the N-monosubstituted ketone hydrazone (formula (IV)) obtained from step 1 can then be reacted with thiocyanic acid (formula (V)) to give the compound of the formula (I) according to the invention.
- Thiocyanic acid is preferably added in the form of its salts to the reaction solution.
- non-reactive substituents are present, such as, for example, a (C r C 2 o) -alkyl, (C 1 -C 20) -alkoxy, (C r C 2 o ) -Alkenyl, (C 1 - C 2 o) -aryl, or X, and at the positions R2 and / or R3 are each a non-reactive substituent, such as (C r C 20 ) alkyl, (C r C 2 o) alkoxy, (CrC ⁇ -alkenyl or (C r C 20) aryl.
- the reactive substituents at positions R1, R2 and R3 are preferably provided with protective groups (PG).
- PG protective groups
- the reactive groups R 2 and R 3 of a compound of formula (II) with protective groups (PG 2 ) and (PG 3 ) and in a separate approach, the reactive group R 1 of a compound of formula (IM ) are provided analogously with a protective group (PGi).
- the compounds of formulas (IIa) and (IIIa) can be reacted together to give a protected N-monosubstituted ketone hydrazone of formula (IVa).
- step 2a which can also be carried out separately, the protected N-monosubstituted ketone hydrazone (formula (IVa)) obtained from step 1a with thiocyanic acid (formula (V)) can then be converted into a protected variant (formula (Ia)) of the compound according to the invention of the formula (I) are implemented. Finally, the protected compound of formula (Ia) is then converted to the compound of formula (I).
- Thiocyanic acid is, as above, preferably added to the reaction solution in the form of its salts.
- Preferred protective groups used in the synthesis steps 1a and 2a according to the invention are tert-BuOH, BOC, Fmoc, Cbz, trifluoroacetyl, phthaloyl, DCC, etc.
- Solvents for use in a process of the present invention are preferred for their properties, eg, vapor pressure (volatility), boiling point (increase), freezing point (depression), enthalpy of vaporization, solubility parameter, polarity, dielectric constant, density, surface tension, viscosity, osmotic pressure, flash point, flammability. Explosion limits, solubility, solvent power, miscibility, etc. selected. Solvents for use in a method according to the invention may preferably be lipophilic, hydrophilic, amphoteric, polar, and / or non-polar solvents.
- solvents for use in a method of this invention may be selected from, but not limited to, acetone, acetonitrile, aniline, anisole, benzene, benzonitrile, bromobenzene, butanol, tert-butyl methyl ether (BME), gamma-butyrolactone, quinoline, chlorobenzene , Chloroform, cyclohexane, diethylene glycol, diethyl ether, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, dioxane, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethylene dichloride, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, formamide, hexane, 2-propanol (isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol), methanol, 3-methyl- 1-butanol (isoamyl alcohol), 2-methyl-2-propanol (BME),
- the process according to the invention can be carried out in any suitable process form, e.g. as a continuous or batch process, for example as a batch process or as a (multi) step process, etc ..
- suitable temperatures, and pH and optionally buffer can be selected by the skilled person in a suitable manner.
- compositions containing at least one compound of the formula (I) according to the invention may be pharmaceutical and / or cosmetic compositions suitable for the treatment or prevention of fungal infections in humans and / or animals, or fungicidal compositions, e.g. for the treatment of plants or seeds.
- composition according to the invention is present as a pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition.
- Pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions according to the present invention may be in liquid or solid form, as a dispersion, as an aerosol, etc.
- a pharmaceutical composition in the sense of the present invention contains at least one compound of the formula (I) according to the invention which has antifungal or antimycotic activity and is particularly suitable for the treatment or prevention of a disease as described herein, in particular a fungal disease.
- a cosmetic composition according to the present invention is not directed to the therapeutic treatment of a disease as described herein, in particular a fungal disease, but merely provides a non-therapeutic composition comprising at least one antifungal or antifungal agent of the invention Contains compound of formula (I) and optionally prevents a disease caused by fungi.
- compositions according to the present invention typically comprise a safe and effective amount of the compound of the formula (I) according to the invention, preferably as defined above, optionally with a pharmaceutically or cosmetically suitable carrier and optionally further excipients and additives.
- safe and effective amount means an amount of a compound that is sufficient to significantly reduce or stop spread of the fungal disease being treated but low enough to avoid serious side effects (with a reasonable ratio of benefit / Risk), within the scope of reasonable medical judgment.
- a safe and effective amount of a compound will vary with the particular condition being treated, the age and physical condition of the patient being treated, the severity of the condition, the duration of the treatment, the nature of the condition concomitant therapy, the particular pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier used, and similar factors within the knowledge and experience of the attendant physician.
- the pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions according to the invention can be used for human and veterinary purposes.
- the pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions of the present invention may contain a pharmaceutically or cosmetically suitable carrier.
- pharmaceutically acceptable carrier preferably includes one or more compatible solid or liquid fillers, diluents or encapsulating compounds which are suitable for administration to a subject.
- compatible means that the components of the pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition are capable of being mixed together with the compound of formula (I) according to the invention and with each other in such a manner that no interaction occurs significantly reduce the pharmaceutical effectiveness of the composition under ordinary conditions of use.
- pharmaceutically acceptable carriers must have sufficiently high purity and sufficiently low toxicity to render them suitable for administration to a subject to be treated.
- Some examples of compounds which may serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or components thereof are sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; Starches such as corn starch or potato starch; Cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, powdered tragacanth, malt, gelatin, tallow, solid lubricants such as stearic acid, magnesium stearate; Calcium sulfate; vegetable oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and oil from theobromine; Polyols such as polypropylene glycol, glycerine, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; alginic acid; Emulsifiers, such as Tween ®; Wetting agents, such as sodium lauryl sulfate; coloring agents; taste-promoting agents, excipients; tablet-forming agents; stabilizers; antioxidants; Preservatives; pyrogen-free water;
- a pharmaceutically suitable carrier to be used together with the compound of the formula (I) according to the invention is basically determined by the way in which the compound of the formula (I) according to the invention is administered.
- the compound of the formula (I) according to the invention can be administered systemically, for example.
- Routes for administration to pharmaceutical compositions include transdermal, oral, parenteral, including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraarterial, or intravenous injections, topical and / or intranasal routes, and routes for administration to cosmetic compositions include, in particular, topical routes.
- the appropriate amount of the inventive compound of formula (I) to be used and its ratio to the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be determined by routine animal model experiments. Such models include, but are not limited to, models of rabbit, sheep, mouse, rat, dog and nonhuman primate models.
- Preferred unit dosage forms for injection of pharmaceutical compositions of the invention include sterile solutions of water, physiological saline solutions or mixtures thereof. The pH of such solutions should be adjusted to about 7.4. Suitable carriers for injection or surgical implantation include hydrogels, controlled or sustained release devices, polylactic acid, and collagen matrices. If the compound is to be administered orally, tablets, capsules and the like are indicated. the preferred unit dosage forms.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for the preparation of unit dosage forms useful for oral administration are well known in the art. Their selection will depend on secondary considerations such as taste, cost and shelf life, which are not critical to the purposes of the present invention, and can be readily made by one skilled in the art.
- a cosmetic composition according to the present invention may therefore contain, as a carrier, surfactants, oily substances, emulsifiers, superfatting agents, pearlescent waxes, consistency regulators, thickeners, preservatives, perfume oils, fats, polymers, stabilizers, biogenic active compounds, customary water-soluble additives and / or dyes, antidandruff agents, film formers, Swelling agents, UV sun protection factors, the flow behavior improving substances, preservatives, etc. included.
- Suitable mild, i. particularly skin-friendly surfactants as cosmetic carriers are fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, mono- and / or dialkylsulfosuccinates, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid, fatty acid, fatty acid, fatty acids, Alkyloligoglucoside, Fett Textreglucamide, Alkylamidobetaine and / or protein fatty acid condensates, the latter preferably based on wheat proteins.
- Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols containing 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of linear C 6 -C 22 fatty acids with linear C 6 -C 22 fatty alcohols, esters of branched C 6 -C are used as cosmetic carriers 13 carboxylic acids with linear C 6 -C 22 -fatty alcohols, such as myristyl myristate, myristyl palmitate, myristyl stearate, Myristylisostearat, myristyl, Myristylbehenat, Myristylerucat, cetyl myristate, cetyl palmitate, cetyl stearate, Cetylisostearat, cetyl oleate, cetyl behenate, Cetylerucat, Stearylmyristat, stearyl palmitate, stearyl stearate, Stearylisostearat , Stearyl oleate, stearyl behenate,
- esters of linear C 6 -C 22 fatty acids with branched alcohols in particular 2-ethylhexanol
- esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids with linear or branched C 6 -C 22 fatty alcohols in particular dioctyl malates
- esters of linear and / or branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol, dimerdiol or trimer triol
- polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol, dimerdiol or trimer triol
- Guerbet alcohols triglycerides based on C 6 -C 10 fatty acids, liquid mono- / di- / Triglyceridmisonne based on C 6 -C 18 fatty acids
- esters of C 6 -C 22 -fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylic acids in particular benzoic acid, esters of C 2 -C 12 - dicarboxylic acids with linear or branched
- Suitable emulsifiers as cosmetic carriers are, for example, nonionic surfactants from at least one of the following groups:
- alkyl and / or alkenyl mono- and oligoglycosides having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl radical and their ethoxylated analogs;
- Alkyl and / or alkenyl mono- and oligoglycosides their preparation and their use are known in the art. They are prepared in particular by reacting glucose or oligosaccharides with primary alcohols having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the glycoside radical both monoglycosides in which a cyclic sugar residue is glycosidically linked to the fatty alcohol and oligomeric glycosides having a degree of oligomerization of preferably approximately 8 are suitable.
- the degree of oligomerization is a statistical mean, which is based on a homolog distribution typical for such technical products.
- Suitable polyglycerol esters are Polyglyceryl-2 Dipolyhydroxystearate (Dehymuls ® PGPH), Polyglycerin-3-Diisostearate (Lameform ® TGI), Polyglyceryl-4-lsostearate (Isolan ® GI 34), Polyglyceryl-3 Oleate, Diisostearoyl-Polyglyceryl-3 -Diisostearate (Isolan ® PDI), Polyglyceryl-3 methyl glucose Distearate-(Tego Care ® 450), Polyglyceryl-3 Beeswax-(Cera Bellina ®), Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate-(Polyglyceryl Caprate T2010 / 90), Polyglyceryl-3 cetyl ether (Chimexane ® NL), Polyglyceryl-3-distearate (Cremophor ® GS 32) and Polyglyceryl polyricinoleates (Admul
- zwitterionic surfactants can be used as emulsifiers.
- Zwitterionic surfactants are surface-active compounds which, in the molecule at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate and a sulfonate carry.
- Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines such as the N-alkyl-N, Ndimethylammoniumglycinate, for example Kokosalkyldimethylammoniumglycinat, N-acylaminopropyl-N, N-dimethylammoniumglycinate, for example Kokosacylaminopropyldimethyl-ammoniumglycinat, and 2-alkyl-3-carboxylmethyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazoline each having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group and the Kokosacylamino-ethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethylglycinat.
- betaines such as the N-alkyl-N, Ndimethylammoniumglycinate, for example Kokosalkyldimethylammoniumglycinat, N-acylaminopropyl-N, N-dimethylammoniumglycinate, for example Kokosacyla
- fatty acid amide derivative known under the CTFA name Cocamidopropyl Betaine.
- ampholytic surfactants are surface-active compounds which, apart from a C8 / i ⁇ - alkyl or - acyl group, contain at least one free amino group and at least one - containing COOH or -SO 3 H group and are capable of forming inner salts.
- ampholytic surfactants are N-alkylglycines, N-alkylpropionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycines, N-alkyltaurines, N-alkylsarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylaminoacetic acids each having about 8 to 18 C Atoms in the alkyl group.
- Particularly preferred ampholytic surfactants are N-cocoalkylaminopropionate, cocoacylaminoethylaminopropionate and C 12 / i ⁇ -acylsarcosine.
- quaternary emulsifiers are also suitable, with those of the esterquat type, preferably methyl-quaternized difatty acid triethanolamine ester salts, being particularly preferred.
- substances such as lanolin and lecithin and polyethoxylated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanolamides can be used for use as cosmetic carriers, the latter also serving as foam stabilizers.
- suitable cosmetic carriers are, for example: alkylene glycol esters, especially ethylene glycol distearate, fatty acid alkanolamides, especially coconut fatty acid diethanolamide; Pärtiälglyceride, especially stearic acid monoglyceride; Esters of polybasic, optionally hydroxy-substituted carboxylic acids with fatty alcohols having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, especially long-chain esters of tartaric acid; Fatty substances, such as fatty alcohols, fatty ketones, fatty aldehydes, fatty ethers and fatty carbonates, which in total have at least 24 carbon atoms, especially lauron and distearyl ether; Fatty acids such as stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid or behenic acid, ring-opening products of olefin epoxides having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with fatty alcohols having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or polyols having 2 to 15 carbon
- Bodying agents as cosmetic carriers are primarily fatty alcohols or hydroxy fatty alcohols having 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms and besides Pärtiälglyceride, fatty acids or hydroxy fatty acids. Preferred is a combination of these substances with Alkyl oligoglucosides and / or fatty acid methyllucamides of the same chain length and / or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearates.
- Suitable cosmetic carriers are thickeners such as Aerosil types (hydrophilic silicas), polysaccharides, in particular xanthan gum, guar guar, agar agar, alginates and Tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, also higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates (eg Carbopol ® of Goodrich or Synthalens ® of Sigma), polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, surfactants such as ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides, esters of fatty acids with polyols for example pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane, fatty alcohol ethoxylates having a narrowed homolog distribution or alkyl oligoglucosides, and electrolytes such as sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.
- Aerosil types hydrophilic silicas
- the cosmetic carriers suitable cationic polymers are for example cationic cellulose derivatives such as a quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose obtainable from Amerchol under the name Polymer JR 400 ®, cationic starch, copolymers of diallyl ammonium salts and acrylamides, quaternized vinylpyrrolidone / vinylimidazole polymers, for example Luviquat ® (BASF), condensation products of polyglycols and amines, quaternized collagen polypeptides, for example lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat® (R) UGrünau), quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic silicone polymers, for example, amodimethicone, copolymers of adipic acid and dimethylaminohydroxypropyl diethylenetriamine (Cartaretine ® / Sandoz) , Copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyldiallyl ammonium
- suitable cosmetic vehicles are, for example, vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / isobornyl acrylate copolymers,
- Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, dimethylpolysiloxanes, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, cyclic silicones and amino-, fatty-, alcohol-, polyether-, epoxy-, fluoro-, glycoside- and / or alkyl-modified silicone compounds which are disclosed in US Pat Room temperature may be both liquid and resinous.
- simethicones which are mixtures of dimethicones having an average chain length of from 200 to 300 dimethylsiloxane units and hydrogenated silicates.
- Typical examples of fats as cosmetic carriers are glycerides, as waxes are i.a. natural waxes, e.g. Candelilla wax, carnauba wax, japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar mill twig, ouricury wax, montan wax, beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti, lanolin. (Wool wax), crepe fat, ceresin, ozokerite (earth wax), petrolatum, paraffin waxes, microwaxes; chemically modified waxes (hard waxes), e.g. Montan ester waxes, sasol waxes, hydrogenated jojoba waxes and synthetic waxes, such as e.g. Polyalkylene waxes and polyethylene glycol waxes in question.
- waxes are i.a. natural waxes, e.g. Candelilla wax,
- Stabilizers suitable as cosmetic carriers may include metal salts of fatty acids, e.g. Magnesium, aluminum and / or zinc stearate or ricinoleate can be used.
- Biogenic agents for use as a cosmetic carrier include tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, ascorbic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acids, amino acids, ceramides, pseudoceramides, essential oils, plant extracts and vitamin complexes.
- Usual water-soluble additives as cosmetic carriers are e.g. Preservatives, water-soluble fragrances, pH adjusters, e.g. Buffer mixtures, water-soluble thickeners, e.g. water-soluble natural or synthetic polymers such as e.g. Xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or high molecular weight polyethylene oxides.
- Preservatives water-soluble fragrances
- pH adjusters e.g. Buffer mixtures
- water-soluble thickeners e.g. water-soluble natural or synthetic polymers such as e.g. Xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or high molecular weight polyethylene oxides.
- Common cosmetic carriers used are, for example, chitosan, microcrystalline chitosan, quaternized chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid or salts thereof and similar compounds.
- UV sun protection factors can also serve as a cosmetic carrier. Under UV sun protection factors are, for example, at room temperature, liquid or crystalline organic substances present (sunscreen) to understand that are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and the absorbed energy in the form of long-wave radiation, eg heat to give up again. UV sun protection factors in this sense include UVA and UVB filters.
- UVB filters for the purposes of the present invention may be oil-soluble or water-soluble.
- oil-soluble UV sunscreen factors for UVB filters, e.g. to call:
- 3-benzylidene camphor or 3-benzylidene norcamphor and its derivatives e.g. 3- (4-methylbenzylidene) camphor as described in EP 0693471 B1;
- 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives preferably 4-dimethylamino) benzoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, 4- (dimethylamino) benzoic acid 2-octyl ester and 4- (dimethylamino) benzoic acid amyl ester;
- Esters of cinnamic acid preferably 4-methoxycinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, 4-methoxycinnamic acid propyl ester, 4-methoxycinnamic acid isoamyl ester, 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (octocrylene);
- Esters of salicylic acid preferably 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 4-isopropylbenzyl salicylate, homomenthyl salicylate;
- benzophenone preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzo-phenone esters of benzalmalonic acid, preferably di-2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxybenzmalonate ;
- Triazine derivatives such as 2,4,6-trianilino- (p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1'-hexyloxy) -1, 3,5-triazine and octyltriazone, or as described in EP 0818450 A1 dioctylbutamidotriazone (Uvasorb ® HEB);
- Propane-1,3-diones e.g. 1- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3-4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione; - Ketotricyclo (5.2.1.0) decane derivatives, as described in EP 0694521 B1.
- Suitable water-soluble UV sun protection factors for UVB filters are:
- Sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and its salts;
- Sulfonic acid derivatives of the 3-benzylidene camphor e.g. 4- (2-Oxo-3-bornylidenemethyl) benzenesulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bomylidene) -sulfonic acid and its salts.
- UV-A filter in the context of the present invention are in particular derivatives of benzoylmethane in question, such as 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propan-1, 3-dione, 4 tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789), 1-phenyl-3- (4'isopropylphenyl) propane-1,3-dione and also enamine compounds as described in DE 19712033 A1 (BASF).
- the UV-A and UV-B filters can also be used in mixtures.
- insoluble photoprotective pigments namely finely dispersed metal oxides or salts
- suitable metal oxides are in particular zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and, in addition, oxides of iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium, and mixtures thereof.
- salts silicates (talc), barium sulfate or zinc stearate can be used.
- the oxides and salts are used in the form of the pigments for skin-care and skin-protecting emulsions and decorative cosmetics.
- the particles should have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably between 5 and 50 nm and in particular between 15 and 30 nm.
- the pigments may have a spherical shape, but it is also possible to use those particles which have an ellipsoidal or otherwise deviating shape from the spherical shape.
- the pigments can also be surface-treated, ie hydrophilized or hydrophobized. Typical examples are coated titanium dioxides, for example Titandioxid T 805 (Degussa) or Eusolex ® T2000 (Merck). Suitable hydrophobic coating agents are in particular silicones and in particular trialkoxyoctylsilanes or simethicones. In sunscreens, so-called micro- or nanopigments are preferably used. Preferably, micronized zinc oxide is used. Further suitable UV photoprotective filters can be found in the review by P.Finkel in S ⁇ FW-Journal 122, 543 (1996).
- secondary sunscreens of the antioxidant type can also be used as cosmetic carriers which interrupt the photochemical reaction chain which is triggered when UV radiation penetrates into the skin.
- Typical examples are amino acids (eg glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles (eg urocaninic acid) and their derivatives, peptides such as D, L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and their derivatives (eg anserine) , Chlorogenic acid and its derivatives, lipoic acid and its derivatives (eg dihydrolipoic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (eg thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl) , Amyl, buty
- [alpha] - hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), a-hydroxy acids eg citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid
- humic acid bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and their derivatives
- unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives eg [ gamma] - linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid
- folic acid and its derivatives ubiquinone and ubiquinol and their derivatives
- vitamin C and derivatives eg ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate
- tocopherols and derivatives eg vitamin E acetate
- vitamin A and derivatives vitamin A palmitate
- benzylic resin coniferyl benzoate, rutinic acid and derivatives thereof, [alpha] glycosylrutin,
- zinc and its derivatives eg ZnO, ZnSO 4
- selenium and its derivatives eg selenium methionine
- stilbenes and their derivatives eg stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide
- the derivatives suitable according to the invention salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides , Nucleosides, peptides and lipids
- hydrotropes such as, for example, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or polyols
- Polyols contemplated herein preferably have from 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl groups.
- the polyols may contain other functional groups, in particular amino groups, or be modified with nitrogen. Typical examples are
- Alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol,
- Methyolharmen in particular trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane,
- Trimethylolbutane pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol
- Niedrigalkylglucoside in particular those having 1 to 8 carbons in the alkyl radical, such as methyl and Butylglucosid;
- Sugar alcohols containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms such as sorbitol or mannitol,
- Sugars having 5 to 12 carbon atoms such as glucose or sucrose
- Amino sugars such as glucamine
- Dialcoholamines such as diethanolamine or 2-amino-1, 3-propanediol.
- Suitable preservatives are as cosmetic carrier, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid and the other classes of substances listed in Appendix 6, Part A and B of the Cosmetics Regulation.
- Insect repellents are N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide, 1, 2-pentanediol or ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate in question, suitable as a self-tanner dihydroxyacetone.
- Perfume oils can also be used as cosmetic carriers. Examples include mixtures of natural and synthetic fragrances. Natural fragrances are extracts of flowers (lily, lavender, roses, jasmine, neroli, ylang-ylang), stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli, petitgrain), fruits (aniseed, coriander, caraway, juniper), fruit peel (bergamot, lemon, Oranges), roots (macis, angelica, celery, cardamom, costus, iris, calmus), wood (pine, sandal, guaiac, cedar, rosewood), herbs and grasses (tarragon, lemongrass, sage, thyme), Needles and twigs (spruce, fir, pine, pines), resins and balsams (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, olibanum, opoponax).
- Typical synthetic odor compounds are products of the ester type, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, Alcohols and hydrocarbons. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate,
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes e.g. the linear alkanals of 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g.
- the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes and balsams.
- mixtures of different fragrances are used, which together produce an attractive fragrance.
- Lower volatility volatile oils most commonly used as aroma components, are useful as perfume oils, e.g. Sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lime blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, oliban oil, galbanum oil, labolanum oil and lavandin oil.
- bergamot oil dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, [alpha] - hexylcinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzylacetone, cyclamen aldehyde, linalool, Boisambrene Forte, Ambroxan, indole, hedione, Sandelice, citron oil, tangerine oil, orange oil, Allylamylglycolat, Cyclovertal, lavandin oil , Muscatelic sage oil, [beta] -demascone, geranium oil bourbon, cyclohexyl salicylate, vertofix asphalt, iso-e-super, fixolide NP, evernyl, iraldeine gamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide
- Dyes as cosmetic carriers may comprise the substances suitable and approved for cosmetic purposes, as compiled, for example, in the publication "Kosmetician Anlagenrbesch" of the Dye Commission of the Irish Anlagenstician, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, pp. 81-106. These dyes are usually used in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1 wt .-%, based on the total mixture.
- active ingredients which have a (cosmetic) effect on the skin e.g. naturally occurring agents such as e.g. Chamomile, marigold extract, arnica extract, birch extract, nettle extract, calendula extract, green tea extract, witch hazel extract, chamomile, meristem extract, walnut extract, etc., or glucocorticoids, e.g. Cortisone, hydrocortisone, or keratolytics such as e.g. Salicylic acid, urea, etc.
- antidandruff agents e.g. Climbazole, Octopirox and Zinkpyrithion be used.
- the preparation of cosmetic compositions can be carried out by conventional cold or hot processes; It is preferable to work according to the phase inversion temperature method.
- the composition according to the invention is present as a fungicidal composition.
- Fungicidal compositions according to The present invention can be present as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture in liquid or solid form, for example as a homogeneous liquid, as a dispersion, as an emulsion, as an aerosol, as a powder, as a slurry, etc.
- At least one compound of the formula (I) according to the invention is preferably mixed with suitable carrier materials which may be of organic or inorganic origin. These carrier materials may directly surround the compound of the formula (I) according to the invention, hereinafter also referred to as "active ingredient", preferably in such a way that the active ingredient can emerge immediately upon application of the fungicidal composition according to the invention or later into the environment ("controlled release”). , As a result, an uncontrolled release of the active ingredient is preferably avoided.
- the compound of the formula (I) according to the invention is / is preferably physically separated from the environment, preferably the carrier materials mentioned below, and optionally from further active compounds.
- the release of the compound of formula (I) according to the invention takes place.
- the compound of the formula (I) according to the invention may also be present together with the following carrier materials or solvents in such a way that no physical separation from the environment and optionally from further active ingredients is achieved.
- the support materials surrounding or enveloping the active ingredients may be chosen so that they are solid or liquid in a suitable temperature range, preferably in the range of about 0- 50 0 C.
- solid materials are meant materials which are hard, waxy elastic, amorphous or crystalline, but not or not yet present in the liquid state.
- the carrier materials may be of inorganic or organic nature and of synthetic or natural origin.
- microencapsulation may consist of polymeric materials of synthetic and / or natural origin.
- suitable materials include, for example, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyamides, melamine resins, gelatin, wax and starch.
- Microcapsules of some of these materials can be prepared, for example, by the method of interfacial polycondensation. About the amount of monomers, amount of active ingredient, amount of water and solvent and Process parameters can be controlled well particle size and wall thickness and thus the release rates.
- Suitable prepolymers are the customary isocyanates known to a person skilled in the art. Examples thereof include 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-methylene di (phenyl isocyanate) and hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- the polymerization ie the structure of the shell of the microcapsules, is generally carried out by the usual methods known to a person skilled in the art.
- the capsule-forming material constituting the shells of the microcapsules is preferably obtained starting from oil-soluble prepolymers containing isocyanate groups, which are a group of technical mixed products each consisting of polyisocyanates based on condensates of aniline and formaldehyde , These technical mixed products differ from each other in the degree of condensation and, where appropriate, in chemical modifications. Important parameters for the user are viscosity and content of free isocyanate groups. Typical sales products here are Desmodur TM brands (Bayer AG) and Voranate TM brands (Dow Chemicals).
- the amount of prepolymer having isocyanate groups is less than or equal to 5% by weight, based on the total formulation; preferably 0.5-5 wt .-%, in particular 1-2 wt .-%.
- the capsule-forming material is formed by curing the isocyanate prepolymer either in the presence of water at 0-95 0 C, preferably 20-65 0 C or, preferably, with the required amount of a diamine.
- diamines such as, for example, alkylenediamines, dialkylenetriamines and Trialkylentetramine having a chain length of 2 and 8 carbon atoms in question.
- the coacervation likewise represents a possibility for introducing the compound of the formula (I) according to the invention into suitable carrier materials by microencapsulation.
- the (water-insoluble) compound of the formula (I) according to the invention is dispersed in water and mixed with an anionic, water-soluble polymer and a cationic material added.
- the resulting by so-called coacervation microcapsules with the originally water-soluble polymer as a wall material are water insoluble.
- the capsule is then cured by condensation reaction with Aldeyhden.
- Aldeyhden for example, the combination of gelatin / gum arabic (1: 1) and formaldehyde is suitable for this purpose.
- microencapsulation by coacervation is known to a person skilled in the art.
- the method is described in detail by J.A. Bahan "Microencapsulation using Coacervation / Phase Separation Techniques, Controlled Released Technology: Methods Theory and Application", Vol. 2, Kydoniens, A.F., Ed. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL. 1980, Chapter 4 described.
- the compound of the formula (I) according to the invention and the polymer which forms the capsule wall can be emulsified in water with a suitable surfactant.
- a suitable surfactant for example, polymer and active substance must not dissolve into each other.
- the solvent is evaporated with stirring.
- the polymer forms a layer around the surface of the emulsified droplet.
- wax Another suitable material for producing microcapsules is wax. These either self-emulsifying waxes are dissolved in water under shear in the heat, or transferred by the addition of surfactants and heat under shear in an emulsion. Lipophilic agrochemical active ingredients dissolve in the melted and emulsified wax. The drops solidify during cooling, forming the wax dispersion.
- wax dispersions can be prepared by dispersing granules of a compound according to the invention of formula (I) and wax extrusion granules in water or oil and finely ground, for. B. to particle sizes of ⁇ 20 microns. As waxes are z. B.
- aqueous dispersion of the particles can be obtained analogously to the formulations for a CS formulation (capsule suspensions).
- microcapsules obtained by the methods described above can, preferably as dispersions, be incorporated into different formulations mentioned below.
- further active ingredients can be incorporated into the formulation, for example herbicides, other fungicides, etc ..
- the microcapsules can on the one hand freed from the solvent and with the usual methods, for example Spray drying, dried.
- the microcapsules can be stored and shipped in such a way and are formulated before application to the appropriate culture with any other active ingredients, adjuvants and the usual additives.
- the dispersion obtained after curing of the microcapsules can also be used to prepare suitable agrochemical formulations containing the above-mentioned further ingredients without isolating the microcapsules from these dispersions.
- organic solvents or mixtures thereof from the group of N-alkyl fatty acid amides, N-alkyl lactams, fatty acid esters, cyclohexanones, isophorones, phthalic acid esters and aromatic hydrocarbons can be used, with lower alkyl-substituted naphthalene derivatives are particularly suitable.
- solvents suitable according to the invention are, for example, Solvesso TM 200 Solvesso TM 150 and Solvesso TM 100 (1), butyldiglycol acetate, Shellsol TM RA (2), Acetrel TM 400 (3), Agsolex TM 8 (4), Agsolex TM 12 ( 5), Norpar TM 13 (6), Norpar TM 15 (7), Isopar TM V (8), Exsol TM D 100 (9), Shellsol TM K (10) and Shellsol TM R (11), which are as follows put together:
- N-octylpyrrolidone boiling point (0.3 mm Hg) 100 0 C 1 Manufacturer: eg GAF.
- N-dodecylpyrrolidone boiling point (0.3 mm Hg) 145 0 C, manufacturer: eg GAF.
- mixtures of these solvents with one another are suitable according to the invention.
- butyl diglycol acetate, Acetrel TM 400, Agsolex TM 8 and Agsolex TM 12 are useful.
- Solvesso TM 200 is particularly preferred.
- Surface-active formulation auxiliaries from the group of emulsifiers and dispersants may be present in the aqueous phase of the dispersions according to the invention. They come from a group, which z.
- emulsifiers and dispersants come from a group, which z.
- They come from a group, which z.
- polyalkylene oxides preference is given to block copolymers whose molecular center is formed by a polypropylene oxide block, whereas the molecular periphery is formed by polyethylene oxide blocks.
- Particularly preferred are substances in which the polypropylene block has a molecular weight of 2000-3000, and make the polyethylene oxide blocks account for 60 to 80% of the total molecular weight.
- Such a substance is z. B. sold by the company BASF Wyandotte under the name Pluronic TM F87.
- Suitable dispersants are calcium lignosulfonate, highly refined sodium lignosulfonate (for example Vanisperse TM CB from Borregaard), dispersant 5 and dispersant SS from Clariant GmbH, naphthalene-sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product sodium salt (for example US Pat Morwet TM D 425 from Witco or Tamol TM NN 8906 from BASF), sodium polycarboxylate (for example from Sopropan TM T 36 from Rhodia GmbH).
- Suitable polyvinyl alcohols are prepared by partial saponification of polyvinyl acetate.
- the aqueous phase of the dispersions optionally contains at least one other formulation adjuvant from the series of wetting agents, antifreeze, thickening agents, preservatives and density enhancing ingredients.
- Suitable wetting agents are, for example, representatives of the substance groups of the alkylated naphthalenesulfonic acids, the N-fatty acyl-N-alkyltaurides, the fatty acylamidoalkylbetaines, the alkylpolyglycosides, the alpha-olefinsulfonates, the alkylbenzenesulfonates, the esters, the sulfosuccinic acid, and the (optionally by alkyleneoxy groups modified) fatty alkyl sulfates in question.
- the proportion here is between 0 and 5 wt .-%, preferably between 0 and 2 wt .-%, based on the total formulation.
- Suitable commercial products include Darvan TM # 3, Vanisperse TM CB, Hoe S1728 (Clartiant GmbH), Luviskol TM K30, Reserve C, Forianit TM P, Sokalan TM CP 10, Maranil A, Genapol TM PF 40, Genapol TM LRO, tributylphenol polyglycol ethers such as the Sapogenat T-brands (Clariant GmbH), nonylphenol polyglycol ethers, such as the Arkopal TM N brands (Clariant GmbH) or tristyrylphenol polyglycol ether derivatives.
- the following agents can be added to the aqueous dispersions: formaldehyde or hexahydrotriazine derivatives, such as, for example, B. Mergal TM KM 200 from Riedel de Haen or Cobate TM C from Rhone Poulenc, isothiazolinone derivatives, such as. Mergal TM K9N from Riedel de Haen or Kathon TM CG from Rohm u. Haas, 1, 2-Benzisothiazolin-2-ones such.
- formaldehyde or hexahydrotriazine derivatives such as, for example, B. Mergal TM KM 200 from Riedel de Haen or Cobate TM C from Rhone Poulenc
- isothiazolinone derivatives such as. Mergal TM K9N from Riedel de Haen or Kathon TM CG from Rohm u. Haas, 1, 2-Benzisothiazolin-2-ones such.
- Nipacide TM BIT 20 from Nipa Laboratories GmbH or Mergal TM K10 from Riedel de Haen or 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane (Bronidox TM LK from Henkel).
- the proportion of these preservatives is at most 2% by weight based on the total formulation.
- Suitable antifreeze agents are, for example, mono- or polyhydric alcohols, glycol ethers or urea, in particular calcium chloride, glycerol, isopropanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, di- or tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether or cyclohexanol.
- the proportion of this antifreeze is a maximum of 20% by weight based on the Total dispersion.
- Suitable thickening agents may be inorganic and / or organic in nature. Suitable examples are those based on aluminum silicate, xanthan, methylcellulose, polysaccharide, Erdalkalisilikat-, gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol, such as Bentone TM EW, Vegum TM Rodopol TM 23 or Kelzan TM S. Their content is 0.3 wt .-%, preferably 0-0.5 wt .-% based on the total dispersion.
- microencapsulation it is also possible for the preparation of a controlled-release combination to incorporate the active ingredient in an organic matrix such as wax. It is also possible to use inorganic matrices, for example silicates, aluminosilicates or aluminum oxides or minerals, which are based on these abovementioned materials. When incorporated into such an organic or inorganic matrix, the agrochemical active ingredients are physically bound.
- Possible release mechanisms of the compound according to the invention of the formula (I) are, for example, the abiotic and / or the biotic degradation (weathering), the bursting of the matrix or the capsule walls, or the outdiffusion or dissolution of the active ingredient from the matrix or the capsules. This can be done depending on the contact with liquids, such as water, or depending on the temperature.
- the release of the majority of the active ingredient from the matrix or microcapsules generally takes place within 1-4 weeks after administration, preferably within 1-7 days, even more preferably within 1-3 days after application.
- Active ingredients that are released in a controlled manner can either be used as commercial products, or formulated according to technologies that are known in principle, and combined in the tank with the corresponding "controlled-release" formulations.
- suitable active ingredients which can be embedded in the carrier materials used in the invention are not limited to certain classes and include all known agrochemical drug classes. Examples are herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, safeners, molluscicides, acaracides and nematicides and optionally other fungicides and / or fertilizers.
- herbicides may be selected from acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors such as, for example, sulfonylureas, hydroxybenzonitriles such as, for example, bromoxynil and loxynil and salts thereof, bentazone, so-called phenoxides such as MCPA, 2,4-D, CMPP, 2,4-DP, 2, 4-DB, so-called (hetero) aryl-phenoxies, such as fenoxaprop-ethyl, dichlofop, clodinafop-propargyl, fluazifop, HPPDO inhibitors such as mesotrione or sulfotrione, triazines, cyclohexanediones (DIM's) such as ethoxide, clethodim or trialkoxime, etc .
- ALS acetolactate synthase
- phenoxides such as MCPA, 2,4
- Suitable growth regulators or hormone-like substances are, for example, indolylacetic acid or butyric acid or auxines, etc.
- Suitable safeners are, for example, compounds such as, for example, methylfenpyr diethyl ester and 5,5-biphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid etc.
- Insecticides may e.g. selected from fibronil, carbamates, pyrethroids, for example deltamethrin, cypermethrin, allethrin, endosulfan, organic phosphoric esters, such as ethyl parathion, methyl parathion and heptenophos; Fungicides, for example triphenyltin derivatives, carbamates, triadimefon etc.
- adjuvants for example of oils, solvents, surfactants or mixtures of surfactants, may be advantageous.
- Adjuvants are to be understood as meaning those additives to active substance / polymer combinations which are themselves not active but enhance the active ingredient properties.
- Nonionic surfactants for example those of the general formula RO (CH 2 CH 2 O) H, in which R is a C 10 -C 22 -FeHaIkOhOl, tristyrylphenol, tributylphenol, d-Cu-alkylphenol, tridecyl alcohol Is glyceride or castor oil derived residue.
- Such substances are available, for example, as Genapol TM X and Sapoogenat TM series from Clariant GmbH and as a soprophor series from Rhodia GmbH. It is likewise possible to use block copolymers based on ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide, for example the compounds marketed under the name Pluronics TM or Tetronics TM by BASF AG. Also anionic or betainic surfactants can be used as an adjuvant.
- anionic surfactants include calcium dodecylbenzylsulfonate, succinates, phosphated, sulfated and sulfonated nonionic surfactants, such as those of the type mentioned above, and sorbates, which anionic compounds are neutralized with alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium ions.
- Such surfactants are available, for example, under the name Genapol TM LRO.
- cationic surfactants for example those based on quaternary ammonium, phosphonium and tertiary sulfonium salts, for example Atlas TM G3634A from Uniquema.
- the amount of surfactant is from 10 to 2,000 g / ha, preferably from 50 to 2,000 g / ha.
- the addition of nitrogen inputs such.
- ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate or mixtures thereof is often advantageous.
- the proportion of the compound according to the invention of the formula (I) in the fungicidal composition according to the invention can be varied within wide limits.
- the formulations contain about 0.1 to 95 wt .-% active ingredients, about 90-10 wt .-% liquid or solid carriers and optionally up to 30 wt .-% surfactants, the sum of these proportions should be 100%.
- the fungicidal composition according to the invention can be present in various formulations, for example as wettable powders (WP), water-soluble powders (SP), suspension concentrates (SC) based on oil or water, water-soluble concentrates (SL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), micro- and macro- Emulsions (EW / ME) such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, sprayable Solutions, suspension emulsions (SE), oil-miscible solutions, capsule suspensions (CS), dusts (DP), mordants, granules for litter and soil application, granules (GR) in the form of micro, spray, elevator and adsorption granules, water-dispersible granules (WDG), water-soluble granules (WSG), ULV formulations, microcapsules and waxes.
- WP wettable powders
- SP water-soluble powders
- SC suspension concentrates
- EC emuls
- Formulation auxiliaries for the preparation of such a fungicidal composition according to the invention include, for example, inert materials, surfactants, solvents and other additives and are described for example in:. Watkins, “Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluent and Carriers", 2nd Ed, Darland Books, Caldwell NJ, H. v , Olphen, "Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry”; 2 nd Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, NY; . C. Marsden, “Solvents Guide”, 2nd Ed, Interscience, NY 1963; McCutcheon's "Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual", MC Publ.
- the fungicidal compositions according to the invention optionally contain adhesion, wetting, dispersing, emulsifying, penetrating, preserving, antifreeze - And solvents, fillers, carriers and dyes, defoamers, evaporation inhibitors and / or the pH or viscosity affecting agents.
- Another object of the present invention relates to the use of the compound of the invention according to formula (I) and a composition containing this compound for the treatment or prevention of fungal infections and or diseases in humans, animals and / or plants.
- the fungicidal compound of formula (I) according to the invention for the preparation of a composition according to the invention as defined above, containing this compound, for the inhibition of human pathogenic or animal pathogenic fungi or for the treatment or prevention of fungal infections in humans and animals.
- human pathogenic or animal pathogenic fungi or yeasts are all those fungi or yeasts which secrete pollutants (pathogens) against humans and / or animals or which have a pathogenic effect.
- pollutants pathogens
- yeasts include, but are not limited to, fungi of the family Pityrosporum, in particular Pityrosporum ovale, fungi of the family Seborrhea in the forms Seborrhoea oleosa and Seborrhoea sicca, Seborrhoea capitis, Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp., Epidermophyton spp., Alternaria spp.
- Candida spp. Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans, all Candida Species including Candida albicans, Candida dublinensis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida lustaniae, Candida parapsilopsis, Candida tropicalis, Coccidiodes immitis, Para coccidioides brasiliensis, Exophalia dermatiditis, Fusarium oxysporum, Histoplasma capsulatum, Pneumocystis carnii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichosporon beigelii, Trichophyton rubrum , Trichophyton mentagrophytes var interdigitale, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var granulosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var erinacei, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var quincke
- the fungicidal compound according to the invention of formula (I) is particularly preferably used for the preparation of a composition according to the invention as defined above containing this compound for the inhibition of human pathogenic or animal pathogenic fungi or for the treatment or prevention of fungal infections in humans and animals
- infections are caused by fungi of Candida A ⁇ en including Candida albicans, Candida dublinensis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida lustaniae, Candida parapsilopsis, Candida tropicalis.
- fungal infections are typically caused by fungi and include, for example, all diseases induced by the fungal species described above.
- Particularly preferred for the purposes of the present invention are dermatomycoses, for example dermatophytoses (for example epidermophytia, favus, microspore, trichophytia), yeast mycoses (eg pityriasis and other myrotic pityrosporum, candidal infections, blastomycosis, busloads).
- torulosis torulosis, piedra alba, torulopsidosis, trichosporosis
- mold mycoses eg aspergillosis, cephalosporidosis, phycomycosis and scopular isopidemias
- systemic mycoses eg chromomycosis, coccidiomycosis, histoplasmosis
- dermatological diseases such as atopic eczema, atopic dermatitis, acne, or Psoriasis, pityriasis versicolor, or seborrheic dermatitis, P / fyrosponvm folliculitis, etc .
- the compound of the invention according to formula (I) or a composition according to the invention containing this compound may preferably be administered as a pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition as described above.
- the administration forms and dosages previously described for pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions are preferably used. Administration may be before, during or after infection with human or animal pathogenic fungi.
- the fungicidal compound according to the invention of the formula (I) or a composition according to the invention containing this compound can be used for controlling phytopathogenic (phytopathogenic) fungi.
- the fungicidal compound according to formula (I) or the composition according to the invention containing this compound are distinguished by an outstanding activity against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, in particular from the classes of the Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Phycomycetes and Basidiomycetes. They are in part systemically effective and can be used in crop protection as foliar and soil fungicides.
- plant pathogenic (phytopathogenic) fungi are all those fungi which secrete pollutants (pathogens) to plants or which have a pathogenic effect. These include, but are not limited to, Pyrenophora spp., Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., Bortytis spp., Magnaporthe spp.
- the compound according to the invention of formula (I) or a composition according to the invention containing this compound may preferably be administered as a fungicidal composition as described above.
- the administration can take place before, during, during or after the infection with phytopathogenic fungi.
- crops such as wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, grass, bananas, cotton, soy, coffee, sugarcane, wine, fruit and ornamental plants, such as apple, pear, cherry, mirabelle, plum, plum , etc.
- vegetables such as
- fungicidal compound according to the invention of the formula (I) or the composition according to the invention for controlling a large number of fungi in trees and shrubs and their seeds.
- plants of relevance in nurseries and forestry are of particular relevance here.
- Trees for the purposes of this invention include deciduous and coniferous trees.
- conifers may be selected without being limited to, e.g. Douglas fir, spruce, pine, larch, fir, cypress and false cypress, stone pine, etc.
- Broadleaf trees may be selected, for example, but not limited to, for example, selected from e.g. Maple, acacia and pseudoacacia (e.g., robinia), aspen, apple trees, birch, pear, beech, yew, oak, alder, ash, hickory, chestnut, cherry, limb, linden, magnolia, nut bearing trees, e.g.
- Shrubs within the meaning of this invention include e.g. Blossom and cover shrubs such as bearded flower (caryopteris), broom (cytisus scoparius), boxwood (buxus), yew (taxus), buckthorn (frangula alnus), lilac (syringa), forsythia (forsythia), common viburnum (viburnum opulus), hazelnut (corylus), hydrangea (hydrangea), elderberry, currant (ribes), cherry laurel ⁇ prunus laurocerasus), cork spindle ⁇ euonymus alatus), privet (ligustrum), oil pasture (elaeagus x ebbingei), common spindle-shrub ⁇ euonymus europa
- the fungicidal compound of the formula (I) or a composition according to the invention comprising this compound can be administered in the pre-seed method or in the pre-emergence or post-emergence method.
- the fungicidal compound according to formula (I) or a composition of the invention is typically applied to the germinating material to be applied, wherein the seed can be seeded directly after application or (initially) can be stored.
- the fungicidal compound according to formula (I) or a composition according to the invention is typically applied immediately before germination, preferably about 20 days to 1 day, more preferably 5 to 10 days after sowing.
- the fungicidal compound according to formula (I) or a composition according to the invention may alternatively be applied to the germinal matter or the soil.
- the fungicidal compound according to formula (I) or a composition of the invention only after the germination of the plant on the ground or the plants applied.
- the fungicidal compound according to formula (I) or a composition according to the invention can be administered to the relevant plants at any stage of growth.
- the fungicidal compound according to formula (I) or a composition according to the invention is preferably applied to aboveground plant parts, ie leaves, flowers, fruits, branches, etc.
- the fungicidal compound according to formula (I) or a composition according to the invention can preferably be applied to subterranean plant parts become.
- the fungicidal compound according to the invention of the formula (I) or a composition according to the invention can be used in the protection of materials and in the protection of stored products for controlling harmful fungi of any of the abovementioned species, but especially of Paecilomyces variotii.
- the material or the stock is preferably treated with a fungicidal compound according to the invention of the formula (I) or a composition according to the invention, preferably in a fungicidally effective amount.
- the application can be done both before and after the infection of the materials by the fungi.
- Material within the meaning of the present invention encompasses any possible material that can be attacked by human, animal or phytopathogenic fungi, preferably by the previously mentioned types of fungi.
- Exemplary materials within the meaning of this invention are e.g. Solids such as e.g. Stone, ceramics, concrete, clay, wood (in particular wood from the tree species named here), paper, metal, fibers, fabrics including complete garments, plastic materials and surfaces, in particular materials used in sterile areas, e.g. in hospitals, medical practices, veterinary practices, laboratories, etc., liquids, e.g. Paints, emulsion paints, etc ..
- Inventories within the meaning of the present invention may represent all types of supplies, e.g. Food supplies, clothing supplies, supplies of materials as previously defined, etc.
- FIG. 1A-D Figures 1 AD show the percentage inhibition of cell viability (WST1 assay) of HaCaT cells when incubated with an appropriate amount of the test substances (see Example 3).
- the use concentration of the test substances corresponds to the MIC values for Cabdida albicans. Initially, MIC values were determined for Candida albicans. Subsequently, the influence of the MIC concentration on the vitality of human HaCaT cells (WST1) was investigated. As can be seen, all tested compounds of the invention, the vitality of HaCaT cells at this concentration, or only slightly. embodiments
- a Candida albicans wild-type strain (SC5314) is grown overnight in YEPD 3 (1% yeast extract, 1% peptone, 3% dextrose) medium. Fresh YEPD 3 medium is inoculated with 10 4 cells / ml. Each 150 ml of these cell / medium suspensions are placed in a 96-well microtiter plate.
- YEPD 3 1% yeast extract, 1% peptone, 3% dextrose
- Candida galbrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Similar results can be obtained for wild-type Candida galbrata strain and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild-type strain.
- the MIC for Candida galbrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 32 ⁇ g / ml (equivalent to 11 ⁇ M).
- Example 2 Toxicity study of 1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thione-5-methyl-5 - ((3-methylbutyl) -2- (4-methylphenyl) on human cell lines
- HaCaT cells / 96-well cavity are seeded in 100 ⁇ l culture medium (Hanks' basal medium, 2 mM L-glutamine, 5% (v / v) fetal calf serum) and incubated for 24 h. The medium is removed, the cell lawn washed once with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and incubated for 24 h with culture medium containing the substance concentrations to be tested (60 ⁇ M final concentration).
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- 20,000 cells / 96-well cavity are seeded in culture medium as in A) and incubated for 24 h.
- the medium is removed, the cells are washed once with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and incubated for 24 h with culture medium containing the substance concentrations to be tested (60 ⁇ M final concentration).
- 10 ⁇ l of WST1 reagent (Roche, Cat. No 1644807) are added to the culture medium and the cells are incubated for 1 h under culture conditions.
- the plate is shaken thoroughly and the absorbance at 450 nm measured against a reference of 690 nm.
- the substance has no effect on the tested cell line (HaCaT) from inhibiting proliferation, nor does it impair the vitality of the cell cultures. Consequently, the substance does not have a cytotoxic effect on cell cultures.
- Example 3 In Vitro Assays for Determining the Growth-Inhibiting Properties on Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli of 1,2,4-Triazolidine-3-thion-5-methyl-5- ((3-methylbutyl) -2- (4-methylphenyl)
- Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli DH ⁇ alpha are grown overnight in LB medium (1% peptone, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl). Fresh LB medium is inoculated with approximately 10 3 cells. Each 150 ul of these cell / medium suspensions are placed in a 96-well microtiter plate.
- 1, 5 .mu.l of different 1, 2,4-triazolidine-3-thione-5-methyl-5 - ((3-methylbutyl) -2- (4-methylphenyl) solutions are pipetted in each case in duplicate (stock solutions 3200 ⁇ g / ml DMSO 1 1600 ⁇ g / ml DMSO, 800 ⁇ g / ml DMSO, 400 ⁇ g / ml DMSO, 200 ⁇ g / ml DMSO 1 100 ⁇ g / ml DMSO, 50 ⁇ g / ml DMSO, 25 ⁇ g / ml DMSO, 12.5 ⁇ g / ml DMSO, 6.25 g / ml DMSO).
- the fungicidally or mycotically active compounds according to the invention have in particular the following advantages:
- the fungicidal or mycotic compound of formula (I) inhibits both the growth of human pathogenic fungi / yeasts such as Candida albicans or Candida glabrata and the growth of non-human pathogenic fungi / yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- the vitality (WSTI assay) of this cell line remains unaffected.
- the fungicidally or mycotically active compound of the formula (I) according to the invention consequently does not act cytotoxically, in particular not for human cells.
- the fungicidal or mycotic compound of formula (I) according to the invention can therefore be advantageously used in the field of crop protection against phytopathogenic fungi, in particular in the protection of plants in any stage of growth, such. Seed.
- fungicidally or mycotically active compound of the formula (I) according to the invention can advantageously also be used against human and animal pathogenic fungi and yeasts, which is particularly useful in the prevention and / or treatment of various diseases, e.g. Dermatomycoses and other diseases caused by fungi / yeasts, is beneficial in humans and animals.
- diseases e.g. Dermatomycoses and other diseases caused by fungi / yeasts
- fungi / yeasts can be selectively destroyed without cytotoxic effects in humans or animals being expected.
- Another important aspect is the advantageous use of the fungicidal compound of the formula (I) according to the invention in the protection of materials and / or protection of stored products.
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Abstract
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DE102005059279A DE102005059279A1 (de) | 2005-12-12 | 2005-12-12 | Fungizid oder antimykotisch wirkende Verbindungen |
PCT/EP2006/011897 WO2007068422A1 (de) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-12-11 | Fungizid oder antimykotisch wirkende verbindungen |
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EP (1) | EP1959736A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102005059279A1 (de) |
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US20100222381A1 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-02 | Hariprasad Vankayalapati | Cyclopentathiophene/cyclohexathiophene DNA methyltransferase inhibitors |
CN104502522A (zh) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-08 | 杭州哲博化工科技有限公司 | 半乳糖硝基苯腙及其制备方法及用于氟离子检测的应用 |
WO2018035291A1 (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2018-02-22 | North Carolina State University | 1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thione derivatives and uses thereof |
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DE2440378A1 (de) * | 1974-08-23 | 1976-03-04 | Bayer Ag | Arzneimittel mit antiphlogistischen und analgetischen eigenschaften |
IT1096333B (it) * | 1978-05-25 | 1985-08-26 | Montedison Spa | 1,2,4-triazolidin-3-oni e-tioni |
IT1096332B (it) * | 1978-05-25 | 1985-08-26 | Montedison Spa | 1,2,4-triazolidin-3-oni e-tioni fungicidi |
DE19904871A1 (de) * | 1999-02-06 | 2000-08-10 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Fotografische Silberhalogenidemulsion |
DE10036531C1 (de) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-02-21 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Fotografisches Silberhalogenidmaterial |
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