EP1947276A1 - Opening element for opening and closing façade sections - Google Patents

Abstract

The element has a rotatable element to vertically and parallely move facade elements (20, 23, 26) that are vertically provided on top of each other in a closed condition. The facade elements having glass are movable into an opened position by their movement in the opposite direction such that two vertically separated openings are provided in an opened condition. The rotatable and facade elements are coupled with each other by a coupling element e.g. belt. The facade elements are additionally vertically movable into another opened position in which only one opening is provided.

Description

The invention relates to an opening element for opening and closing facade parts with at least two in the closed state substantially vertically superimposed facade elements that are movable by opposing vertical displacement of at least two facade elements so in a first open position that in the open state two, vertically separate, openings, for example, for ventilation purposes, are available.

In the building envelope often different facade elements are used. The building envelope itself determines the energy content and the indoor climate within the building. Ventilation in particular has potential for improving the energy balance and comfort of a building. Due to their handling, opening mechanisms that are common today generally lead to energy losses and loss of user comfort.

It is particularly favorable for the ventilation, if two, vertically as far as possible separate openings in the building envelope are present. The warm and used air in the room then preferably escapes via the upper gap opening and thus causes a slight negative pressure in the upper area of the room, into which further air then flows out of the room. Cooler air is simultaneously tracked from outside via the lower gap in the room. This air then heats up in the room and rises. Ideally, this creates a thermally induced "ventilation roller" in the room, which leads to a comparatively fast and complete air exchange, without too much energy, as in a conventional ventilation on the tilt of a tilting window, lost.

This is a significant advantage over normal window ventilation, where only a large opening is made by opening the window.

Vertical opening systems have the further advantage that the opening can be metered very accurately and the opening movement takes place even in the element level, so that there is no restriction for the adjacent usable surfaces, which would have to be kept free for an interior opening window sash. At the same time the opening position is windproof.

For large facade elements, such as very large glass surfaces, is added that the burden on the fittings and the window frame is lower, since they do not have to catch the leverage of the opened and then very heavy window.

In the prior art, vertical sliding windows with two vertically movable window sashes are known. Thus, it is known to couple two wings in opposite directions, so that the vertical moving down the upper casement, the lower casement simultaneously moves up until the two windows have reached the same height and overlap.

With such vertical windows, two opening slots can be made in the upper and lower areas. A disadvantage of this system, however, is that the two wings in the open state obscure the center of the opening and thus obstruct the view to the outside. Since, moreover, only two smaller openings for ventilation arise, each occupy about half the area of one of the two window sash, it is not possible with this window a sufficient To create large opening, which could be used for example to pass through larger objects, or especially as an escape route.

From the DE 201 04 378 is a vertical sliding window with two independently to be moved wings known. This embodiment has the disadvantage that two wings always have to be moved independently of each other, which makes the control very complex. If the wings are operated manually, the vertical size is also very limited, because even when open, each of the two window sash must still be reached manually in order to close the window again. This clearly limits the dimensions in a vertical sense.

Object of the present invention was therefore to avoid the disadvantages described and to provide an opening element available, which is at the same time very easy to control and operate with high variability of the opening options.

This object is achieved by an inventive opening element in which the vertical and opposite displacement of the facade elements is mediated via at least one rotary element, wherein the at least one rotary element and the facade elements are coupled together by coupling elements, preferably by ropes or straps, and wherein the facade elements in addition, are vertically displaceable in a second open position in which substantially only one opening is present. The façade elements, which are essentially vertically stacked in the starting position, can initially form a flush facade element. Just as well, the facade elements in the starting position can also be horizontally offset from one another.

It is particularly advantageous if the facade elements from the first open position are vertically displaceable vertically in the second open position in which substantially only one opening is present, wherein the displacement is mediated by the at least one rotary element and the coupling elements, which also mediate opposing shift. The particular advantage of this embodiment is that with a single control element and continuous continuous movement of the same one after the first and second opening position can be achieved.

Alternatively, however, means may also be present which effect a decoupling of at least one lower facade element from the at least one rotary element, so that at least one lower facade element can be displaced vertically from the closed position directly into the second open position. In this second variant, on the one hand, a simple and uniform, controlled via coupling elements, opposite displacement of the sash possible, on the other hand, the rapid production of a single large opening in the form of the second opening position, which may find use as an escape route.

The facade elements may have glass and thus essentially serve as windows, but alternatively also be at least partially opaque.

The coupling means for mediating the vertical displacement are preferably traction means, particularly preferably traction ropes or Zuggurte. The at least one rotary element, which is preferably connected to a transmission, may be formed as a shaft about which the traction means is wound up and unwound by rotation of the rotary element. It has proved to be advantageous if the opening element has a first lower and a second upper vertically displaceable facade element, which are each connected to at least one own traction means and each one connected to the traction means rotary member so that in the closed state, the traction means of the first facade element is largely unwound from the rotary element and the traction means of the second facade element is wound around the associated rotary member such that the length of the wound traction means the length of the maximum vertical displacement of the second facade element to the first open position equivalent.

In a further preferred embodiment, the opening element has a first lower and a second upper vertically displaceable facade element, which are each connected to at least one own traction means and a single, connected to the traction means of the first and the second facade element, rotary member so that in closed state the traction means of the first facade element is largely unwound from the rotary member and the traction means of the second facade element is wound around the rotary member, that the length of the wound traction means the length of the maximum vertical displacement of the second facade element corresponds to the first open position and the winding direction is opposite to the winding direction of the first tension element.

The rotary element can be driven either manually, preferably with a rotary rod, a belt or a chain, or with a motor, preferably an electric motor.

The opening means advantageously has guides, preferably guide rails or guide cables, which are connectable to the vertically displaceable facade elements such that the facade elements are guided by the guide rails in their vertical movement.

Figur 1

zeigt die Frontansicht eines dreiteiligen Fassadenelementes mit zwei vertikal verschiebbaren Elementen;

Figur 2a-e

zeigen die geschlossene, sowie die erste und zweite geöffnete Position der Fassadenelemente nach Figur 1 einschließlich zweier Zwischenstellungen;

Figur 3

zeigt einen Schnitt durch den oberen Bereich des Fassadenelementes mit Drehelementen und Steuerung;

Figur 4

zeigt eine alternative Steuerung mit nur einer Welle;

Figur 5

zeigt einen Horizontalschnitt durch die Steuerung des ersten Ausführungsbeispieles und

Figur 6

einen Horizontalschnitt durch die Steuerung des zweiten Ausführungsbeispieles.

To explain the invention, two embodiments with reference to the following FIGS. 1 to 4 shown.

FIG. 1

shows the front view of a three-piece facade element with two vertically movable elements;

Figure 2a-e

show the closed, and the first and second open position of the facade elements FIG. 1 including two intermediate positions;

FIG. 3

shows a section through the upper portion of the facade element with rotary elements and control;

FIG. 4

shows an alternative control with only one shaft;

FIG. 5

shows a horizontal section through the control of the first embodiment and

FIG. 6

a horizontal section through the control of the second embodiment.

FIG. 1 shows an inventive facade element 1 in a first embodiment in a front view. The facade element is divided into three parts in this embodiment, wherein a first lower element 20 is not movable and fixed. It serves as a parapet and thus as fall protection. The middle facade element 23 is vertically displaceable in the arrow direction upwards, the upper facade element 26 in the arrow direction downwards.

In the upper area is the drive and control unit 40, which is mechanically driven in the example shown by a chain 39 and thus moved.

FIG. 2a shows the facade element FIG. 1 in the closed state in longitudinal section. Here again, the three facade elements 20, 23 and 26 are shown, as well as the bottom of the building 30, to which the facade element extends down. In the upper part of the drive / control element 40 is housed. This element is in the in FIG. 3 shown section to see in detail. It has two trained as axes rotary elements 41, 44, which move in the same direction. The first facade element 23 is connected to the first rotary element 41 via a pull cable 42, and the second facade element 26 is connected to the second rotary element 44 via the pull cable 45.

If both drive shafts are rotated counterclockwise, wherein the drive can be done manually via a belt or a drive chain, but also via a simple motor, the first facade element 23 moves vertically upwards.

Before the vertical movement begins, the lower facade element 23 is tilted and inserted into the guide groove 50, which is in the embodiment on the inside of the facade element ( FIG. 2b ). This ensures that the first facade element moves on a defined path in a defined (minimum) distance to the second facade element, without the two facade elements hindering each other.

The introduction of the facade or the elements in the guide groove 50 can be done manually by the operator, such as by opening a conventional locking and tilting of the frame to the guide. But it is also possible to remotely cause this opening with a second, not shown here, element, which may have a motor, or to relocate in the frame. Thus, the operation of the position of the locking element independently, so that the facade element according to the invention can also be installed in room heights that are not directly accessible to the user.

The guide groove shown in the embodiment is a particularly advantageous embodiment. However, the invention is not limited thereto, since even with other guides, such as guide rails or guide cables, a secure guidance of the facade elements is possible.

At the same time, the second facade element 26 moves vertically downwards in its guide groove. Since the traction cable 45 is wound in a different direction of rotation on the drive shaft 44 than the traction cable 42 on the shaft 41, the opposite movement of the facade elements is realized with the same movement of the drive axles. This considerably simplifies the control and in particular the drive mechanism.

Figure 2d shows the first fully opened state of the facade element. In this state, the facade element 23 is located at approximately the same vertical height as the parallel lowered second facade element 26. Since the two facade elements can also have different vertical dimensions, here may deviate.

Before reaching the first full opening position, the opening can be varied as desired, so that, as in Figure 2c shown, even smaller stomata, such as for a lower ventilation demand, can be set arbitrarily.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the originally lower facade element slides along the inside of the facade. A reverse arrangement is also possible.

In the first open position arises above and below the two facade elements, an upper ventilation gap 60 and a lower ventilation gap 63, each covering about half the area of a displaced facade element. In this position, the traction cable 45 of the second facade element 26 is completely unwound from the axis 44.

If the rotational movement of the two axes is continued in the same direction without changing direction, the first facade element 23 moves further along the guide in the vertical direction upwards. Parallel to this, the second facade element 26 also moves upward again, changing its direction of movement, wherein the second pull cable 45 is wound in a different direction of rotation about the second drive shaft 44, which is still rotating in the same direction.

At the end of the further winding both facade elements are in the second open position, which in FIG. 2e is shown. In this second position, a large central opening is released.

In a room with a ceiling height of about 285 cm, the three facade elements 20, 23 and 26 could have approximately the same height of 95 cm. These would ensure a sufficient parapet height of 95 cm for the lower fixed element. In the case of night ventilation, two gaps with a slightly over 40 cm opening would be available, which are good enough for night ventilation. In the fully open state after FIG. 2e An opening with an opening height of over 90 cm would be available, which is also well suited as an escape route. At the same time, the area between 95 cm and 195 cm is completely open, so that an unhindered view to the outside becomes possible.

This construction according to the invention has the great advantage that with one element two different openings - gap opening and a large opening - can be realized, the associated control kept very simple is. Since no change in the direction of rotation of one of the two axes is required in the described embodiment, the window can be moved continuously. This also makes the control of a motor very simple and thus inexpensive and easy to maintain.

Until reaching the first opening position Figure 2d the effort required for this is minimal, since the very similar weights of the two facade elements virtually compensate, so that only the frictional force must be overcome to move. Subsequently, it is necessary to move both facade elements at the same time upwards. For this purpose, either counterweights or a compensation with spring force, be provided which compensate for the weight of the window sash. But it is also conceivable to integrate a transmission in the controller 40, which ensures the complete unwinding of the pull cable 45 for a different translation, so that the force is reduced.

The controller 40 is described in detail in FIG FIG. 3 shown again. Here, the two drive shafts 41 and 44, as well as the differently wound ropes 42 and 45 are clearly visible. Clearly illustrated are the guide rail 50 and the various positions that the vertically displaceable frame 23/23 'can take.

An alternative control shows FIG. 4 , Here, the original two drive shafts are replaced by a single drive shaft 49, over which the two traction cables 42 and 45 are guided. Since the direction of rotation of the shaft is not changed, a single drive shaft, over which both tension cables run, is sufficient, which further simplifies the mechanics of the control.

The two controls of the described embodiments are in a plan view again in the FIGS. 5 and 6 shown.

FIG. 5 shows again the control with the two, in the same direction moving shafts 41 and 44. The first, in FIG. 5 Not shown, facade element 23 moving traction cable 42 is present in duplicate to ensure uniform movement of the facade element and in particular to avoid tilting due to uneven loads. These traction cables pass over the rollers 43 which are fixedly connected to the shaft 41 and which are arranged in the horizontally outer region of the shaft 41. The second facade element 26 is controlled in the same way via the shaft 44 and the two rollers 46. The shafts 41 and 44 are mounted in the exemplary embodiment, each with three ball bearings 47 and 48 in order to achieve the lowest possible rotation even under load.

FIG. 6 shows the alternative control with only one drive shaft 49, over which the tension cables 42 and 44, not shown here run in opposite directions over the rollers 43 'for the first and 46' for the second facade element. The shaft 49 is stored in this example to catch the increased load with six ball bearings 47 'and 48'. Depending on the bearing and the actual load, however, fewer or more bearings may be used here.

The vertical facade displacement device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the use of facade elements with glass inserts, so windows. However, it is equally possible to perform other, opaque, facade elements in such a way that can be easier with the same insulation effect. This considerably increases the flexibility of the building envelope.

In a further, not shown embodiment, both facade elements are moved out of the window level out in their own leadership. In particular, with this guide and more than two facade elements can be moved vertically and various opening situations can be achieved.

Alternatively or additionally, in the lower position of the second facade element a stop in the guide groove may be present, which prevents further vertical displacement of the facade element down even if the pull rope is not yet completely unwound. This allows higher tolerances and also allows the use of differently sized sliding facade element.

If such a lower stop in the guide groove of the second facade element, there may be a mechanical or electrical or another switch mounted. With this switch, for example, a feedback to the controller can be realized when the facade element has reached its first opening position. This information can also be transmitted directly to the controller, so that more complex and thus more complicated controls are possible. In particular, as the selective switching or switching of a transmission is possible, which can provide a different translation for the simultaneous lifting of the facade elements, so that, despite the no longer existing counterweight of counter-rotating facade elements, only a constant - lower - Force is required for the continued operation.

But it is also conceivable that the two facade elements are driven by different motors independently of each other, wherein the motor moving the second facade element motor could change its direction of rotation when the switch. As a result, this leads to the same transition from the first to the second opening position as in the first two embodiments.

The disadvantage of the more complex construction is offset by the advantage that this modification of the embodiment defines the lower reversal point independently of a possible change in the length of the traction cable. At the same time allows a simple mechanical displacement of the stop a change the lower opening position of the second facade element. Such changes can occur especially with different sized facade elements.

Of course, the function of the switch can also be realized by a sensor on or in the guide groove.

Claims (11)

Opening element for opening and closing of facade parts with at least two in the closed state substantially vertically superimposed facade elements that are movable by opposing vertical displacement of at least two facade elements so in a first open position that in the open state, two vertically separated openings are present, characterized in that the vertical and opposite displacement of the facade elements is mediated via at least one rotary element, wherein the at least one rotary element and the facade elements are coupled together by coupling elements, preferably by ropes or straps, and wherein the facade elements in addition to a second open position are vertically displaceable, in which essentially only one opening is present. Opening element according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the facade elements from the first open position are vertically displaceable vertically in the second open position in which substantially only one opening is present, wherein the displacement is mediated by the at least one rotary element and the coupling elements which also convey the opposite shift. Opening element according to claim 1, characterized in that means are provided which decouple at least one lower facade element effect of the at least one rotary element, so that at least the one lower facade element from the closed position is directly displaced vertically into the second open position. Opening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the facade elements comprise glass. Opening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the facade elements are at least partially opaque. Opening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling means for mediating the vertical displacement traction means, preferably pull ropes or Zuggurte having, and that the at least one rotary element, which is preferably connected to a transmission, is designed as a shaft to which the Pulling means by rotation of the rotary element up and is unwound. Opening element according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a first lower and a second upper vertically displaceable facade element, which are each connected to at least one own traction means and in each case one connected to the traction means rotary member so that in the closed state, the traction means of first facade element is largely unwound from the rotary member and the traction means of the second facade element is wound around the associated rotary member, that the length of the wound traction means the length of the maximum vertical displacement of the second facade element corresponds to the first open position. Opening element according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a first lower and a second upper vertically displaceable facade element, which are each connected to at least one own traction means and a single, connected to the traction means of the first and the second facade element, rotary member, that that in the closed state, the traction means of the first facade element is largely unwound from the rotary member and the traction means of the second facade element is wound around the rotary member, that the length of the wound traction means the length of the maximum vertical displacement of the second facade element corresponds to the first open position and the winding direction is opposite to the winding direction of the first tension element. Opening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotating element is driven manually, preferably with a turning bar, a webbing or a chain. Opening element according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the rotary element is driven by a motor, preferably an electric motor. Opening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has guides, preferably guide rails or guide cables, which are connected to the vertically displaceable facade elements so that the facade elements are guided by the guide rails in their vertical movement.

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