US2289960A - Sash window - Google Patents

Description

July 14, 1942- A. L. J. GRlGNE-r" 2,289,960

SASH WINDOW Filed Sep. 22, 1.939` 5 Sheets-Sheet l lphonseleopold J'aseph Grignej INVENTQ@ @1 @WML July 14, 1942.

A. L. J. GR'IVGNE-r SASH WINDOW Filed sept. 22. 1959 5 sheets-sheet 2 July 14, 1942- L. J. GRIGNET SASH WINDOW Filed Sept. 22, 1939 5 Sheets-Shes?l 5 n K Z APhnse Leopold :Y0-56PM Patented July 14, 1942 SASH WINDOW Alphonse Leopold Joseph Grignet, Grivegnee, i Belgium, assignor of one-third to vMartin J. Healy, Brooklyn, N. Y., one-third to Victor J. Reed, Tulsa, Okla., and one-third to Franois Vanweverenbergh, Louvain, Belgium Application September 22, 1939, Serial No. 296,029 In Belgium March 15, 1939 4 Claims.

My present invention relates to sash Windows and has for its principal object to ensure for these windows conditions of perfect hermeticity, and of permitting of manufacturing these windows by means of shaped members which may be manufactured in large series, and for example in metal, in Bakelite, or in any other material.

In view of the realisation of this end, the invention is essentially characterised in that the side upright members besides the Aupper and lower traverses of each sash are Yformed by the same kind of U-shaped channel iron with parallel branches of different length and of which one branch is provided at its extremity with a prolongation which, in conjunction with the corresponding branch determines the formation of a recess either towards the interior or towards the exterior.

In the practical realisation of the invention one of the branches of the U-shaped channel iron bends back at its extremity towards the exterior, and is continued by a prolongation so as to form in this branch and at the place where it is bent back a projection, the interior face of the prolonged part being disposed in the same plane as the exterior Vface of the said branch before the bend.`

In this case in the position of closure of the sashes the projection formed by the bend of the longest branch of the U-shaped channel iron constituting the lower traverse of theupper sash rests on the upper edge of the shortest branch of the U-shaped channel iron forming the upper traverse -oi the lower sash, whilst the edge of the shortest branch forming the lower traverse of the upper sash is in contact with` the projection formed by the bend of the longest branch of the U-shaped channel iron forming the upper traverse of the lower sash.

The shaped member may equally well be provided with a branch which comprises at its. extremity a projection directed towards the in terior of the U-shaped channel iron and another branch which is shorter .than the first, which extends first parallel to the'latter, then bends towards the interior and is terminated by a part which is also parallel to the branch provided by the projection directed towards the interior, the thickness ofthe projection in the direction of the branch connecting the two paraln lel branches of different lengths being equal to the depth of the recess formed in the shortest branch.

The annexed drawings show by way of examples how the invention may be carried out in practice.

Fig. 1 is a front elevation showing the movable sashes of the windows.

Fig. 2 is a section on line A-A in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a section on a larger scale on lines B--B and C--C in Fig. 1.

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are views of detail.

Figs, '7A to 7H show diagrammatically different positions illustrating the advantages of the invention.

Figs. 8 and 9 are corresponding views, respectively to Figs. 2 and 3 relating to another form of construction.

Fig. 10 is a detailed View illustrating the shape employed in this form of construction.

Figs. 11 to 15 relate to modifications in construction in the shapes employed.

Fig. 16 shows in vertical section a sash window constructed with the assistance of the shape according to Fig; 15.

Figs. 17 and 18 are intended to show how may be made the assemblage of two shaped members forming one of the angles of the sash.

Fig. 19 shows how the system of closure may be advantageously carried out.

In the attached drawings (Figs. 1-7) the sashes of the sash window are designated by the references I and 2, and are disposed in a xed frame which comprises a sill 3, a top transverse member 4 and two side upright' members 5, on each of which is secured for example by screws 61, a frame member lV forming a box 1 in which are housed the counterweights 'l1 illustrated in dot and dash lines and counterpoising the weight of a sash I or 2.

On the top member 4 is also secured for example by screws 91, a frame 8 forming a box 9 in which are housed the Vreturn pulleys I9 for the cords connecting each sash to the corresponding balancing counterweight.

In the side members 5 are provided parallel grooves II and I2 in which may slide the pivots and bolts with which the sashes I and 2 are provided. Towards the bottom, the groove I2 vbends towards the groove Il and joins it above the sill, as indicated at I3. On the other hand the groove I4 connects the grooves Il and l2, for example about one-third of the way up the height of the window.

In accordance with the invention in this construction the lower sash as well as the upper sash is formed both vertically and horizontally by a U-shaped member of which the form is illustrated in Fig. 4. This shaped member is formed of suitable material and may be solid or hollow or even partially hollow.

This shaped member is formed by U-shaped channel iron of which one branch or arm I6 is shorter than the other branch or arm designated by I5.

In Fig. 4 the distance G is equal to the difference between H and F.

The arm I 5 is bent back at its end towards the interior hollow of the U-shaped channel iron forming a projection or heel I'I. The arm I6 comprises a part I8 which extends firstly parallel to the arm I5 then it is bent back towards the interior of the hollow of the U-shaped channel iron as indicated at I9, then it is prolonged by a part also parallel to the arm I5. The thickness E of the projection I'I,.in the direction of the arm 2| connecting the arms I5 and I6, is equal to the depth D of the recess 22 created by the bend I9 and the part 2U of the arm I6.

As appears from the Figure 2, in the position of closurerof the sashes I and 2, the U-shaped member forming the lower traverse of the' sash I completely covers in the horizontal direction the upper traverse of sash 2.

On the other hand the projection I'I1 of the U-shaped member of the lower traverse of the sash I and reciprocably the projection IIz of the U-shaped member of the upper traverse of the sash 2 is disposed in the recess 222 of the lower traverse of the sash I. By virtue of the equation D=E the face 231 of the arm I51 of the U-shaped member -constituting the lower traverse of the sash I and the face 241 of the part I 81 of the U-shaped member constituting the upper traverse of the sash 2 are in prolongation one on the other. Similarly for the faces 232 and 242.

On the other hand, on the upper member 4 s horizontally fixed a lath 25, preferably hollow, on which is secured a flexible blade 26 extending horizontally the length of this lath. This ilexible blade 26 is enclosed in the upper member 4 and is xedon a part 2'I penetrating into the upper member and determined by the lath 25.

On each of the upright members 5 is furthermore fixed towards the exterior a vertical lath 28, preferably of hollow shape and provided with a part 29 enclosed in the upright member and on which is fixed a flexible blade 30 which is also enclosed.

The sill 3 has also a particular shape and comprises notably a horizontal part 3| provided with a heel or projection 32 against which is applied in the closure position the extremity of the shortest arm of the U-shaped channel iron constituting the lower traverse of the sash 2.

This sill furthermore is provided with a vertical part 33 with which the projection I'I of the U-shaped member of the lower traverse of the sash 2 makes contact.

The sash I is provided with movable pivotsV 34 and fixed pivots 35 and the lower sash with movable pivots 36 and fixed pivots 31. The pivots 34 and 36 are movable with respect to the sashes to which they belong.

. Thus can easily be seen by means of the construction described the line of contact between the movable sashes and the xed parts of the window and of the sashes between themselves occurs along a single vertical planePP, being given that the face directed towards the exterior of the part 203 of the upper traverse of the sash I makes contact with the blade 26, the face directed towards the exterior of the part 294 of the upper traverse of the sash 2 and the exterior face tion.

of the part 33 of the sill are in prolongation one of the other.

On the other hand the Contact between the vertical fixed parts and each of the lateral members of the sashes also is made in the single plane along the line P-P, as is seen from Fig. 3, so that there is thus obtained a perfect hermetic seal, being given that there is created a single vertical plane of closure between both the horizontal parts and the vertical parts.

On the other hand the construction of the window which has been described can be perfectly used for the manufacture of a series.

As has already been said, the sashes I and 2 may be manufactured with the assistance of a single type of U-shaped member. Besides the shape of the vertical lath 23 and that of the horizontal lath are the same.

This factor of economy from the point of view of manufacture does no harm furthermore to the conditions of resistance on the one hand, because the U-shaped member can be employed with a reinforcement having an easy fit as indicated in 39, Fig. 4.

Besides the advantages of hermetic seal, of resistance and economy in manufacture the following should also be pointed out:

1. The window which is the object of the present invention does not require any either vertical and horizontal counter-slides throughout the whole height of the window, and from this fact no friction is possible when there is a relative displacement between the movable part and the fixed part of the window.

Referring to Fig. 8, for example, it will be seen that the outermost groove II is provided at predetermined points with outwardly directed notches or recesses 4I, 42, 43, and 44 to accommodate the fixed pivots and retractible guide lugs when the sashes are in normal closed posi- The notches 4I lie adjacent the retractible lugs 36 in the lower sash, the notches 42, adjacent the xed pivots 31 of the lower sash, the notches 43, adjacent the fixed pivots 35 of the upper sash and the notches 44, adjacent the retractible lugs 34 of the upper sash.

On the under side of the top member 4 of the frame, I provide a transverse strip 45 arranged adjacent the weather strip 26 on the opposite side of the groove II. This strip 45 is positioned in line for engagement by the upper transverse member of the upper sash I when moved upwardly in the groove I I and is so designed as to urge said sash forwardly into tight engagement with the weather strip 26, the aforesaid notches accommodating the respective pivots and lugs. In other words, the sash is bodily shifted forwardly out of the vertical plane it occupies while being moved in the groove II. A similar result is obtained in connection with the lower sash 2 by locating the heel portion 32 and the vertical Dart 33 of the sill 3 in line for engage- .ment with the lower transverse member of the lower sash, whereby the sash is bodily shifted outwardly into engagement with the vertical weather strips.

When the window is opened, the lower sash is easily disengaged, being given that as soon Aas the bolt 49 is acted on, the movable pivot 36 leaves the recess 4I provided in the groove II in the face of the groove I4. In so far as concerns the upper sash it disengages owing to the differences between the distances between PM and PL in Fig. 3, the pivots 34 and 35 leaving their respective recesses provided in the groove II. No wedging at all is then possible during the different manipulations of the window.

2. A perfect and hygienic ventilation is attained, the window permitting of numerous possibilities of ventilation as may be seen from the diagrams in Figs. 7A and 'lI-I.

(a) The diagram 7A shows the sashes in the closure position.

(b) In the position 7B an indirect and oblique ventilation is obtained by diffusion towards the ceiling.

(c)Y In the position 7C an entry of fresh air is obtained by diffusion half-way up the window, whilst the impure air leaves by the opening forms above the upper sash which has been lowered.

(d) In 7D, a direct ventilation takes place through the upper part of the window.

(e) In 7E, a direct ventilation takes place through the lower pari ofthe window.

(f) In 7F, the fresh air enters by the lower part of the window and the impure air leaves by the upper part.

This window therefore offers the maximum advantages from the hygienic point of View and the point of view of ventilation.

3. Interchange may be easily effected and without danger.

This advantage appears notably from the diagrammatic Figures 7G and rI-I.

'Ihe Fig. 7G shows that the sash 2, after having been disposed in the position indicated in full lines, may be swung and disposed in the position indicated in dot and dash lines.

As shown in 7H, the sash 2 having been disposed in the position indicated at 2, the sash I may be disposed in the position indicated in full lines where it can be swung in order to make it take up the position indicated in dot and dash lines.

During their various manipulations, the two sashes are balanced in all their positions and remain independent of each other.

4. By means of the flexible encased blades 26 and 3!) interposed between the xed and movable Cil parts of the window, there is a suppression of all vibrations caused by the wind, traiiic, etc. being given that every shock which would be susceptible of causing vibra-tions is immediately-and completely neutralised, because the blades exeroise their'pressure over the whole width and over the whole height of the window, whilst maintaining the tightness of the joints.

In the construction according to Figs. 3, 9 and 10, the construction of the window is the same as in the case of Figs. 1 to 7, but the U- shaped member forming the lateral upright members as well as the traverses of each sash has a different shape.

As is seen especially from Fig. 10, at its cxtremity one of the arms of the U-shaped channel-iron (for example the arm 59) is bent towards the exterior and is continued by a rectilinear prolongation EI, so as to form in this arm and at the place where it is bent, a projection or heel 52; the interior face 53 of the prolonged part 5I is disposed in the same plane as the exterior face 54 of the part 5I! before its bend.

In the closure position of the sashes (Figure 8) the projection. formed by the bend ci the longestJ arm of the ll-shaped channel iron constituting the lower traverse of the upper sash rests on the upper edge of the shortest arm of the U-shaped channel iron, forming the upper traverse of the lower sash, whilst the edge of the shortest branch or arm of the shaped member forming the lower traverse of the upper sash is in contact with the projection forming the bend of the longest branch of the U-shaped channel iron forming the upper traverse of the lower sash.

It will easily be seen from this, that, in the case of this construction, the same advantages are obtained in the case of Figs. 1 to '7, and that it is to be noted that a single plane of closure has been formed as well between the vertical parts as between the horizontal parts. It is evident that the number of sashes is not limited to two and the invention is also applicable to any number of movable sashes.

In order to improve the conditions of resistance of the U-shaped members which are employed for the construction of the lateral upright-members and the upper and lower traverses of each sash, and also to simplify the construction of the windows, it is advantageous to employ for the construction of the side uprightmembers and the traverses, U-shaped channel irons which are closed by a part which extends parallel relative to the part which unites the two arms of the U-shaped channel iron.

O-n the otherY hand the shaped members in question may be obtained by drawing from a tube, and in consequence be formed by a tubular element having the characteristics above described.

Figs. ll and 12 show a shaped member of the type shown by Fig. 4 above, and formed by a lJ-shaped channel iron in which one arm I6 is shorter than the other arm designated by I5.

4The arm I5 bending back at its extremity towards the interior of the hollow oi the U-shaped channel iron forming a projection or heel I'I, and the arm I6 comprising a part It which rst extends parallel to the arm I5 which then bends towards the interior of the U-shaped channel iron as indicated at I9, and which is prolonged by a part ZI), also parallel to the arm l5.

In accordance with the invention, the U-shaped member is formed by a part 22 which extends parallel to the part 2| connecting the parallel arms I5 and I6, of the U-shaped channel iron.

This part 22 may extend (Fig. 11) between the extremity of the shortest arm IS and the arm I5, or indeed it may extend into the prolongation of the bend I9 (Fig. 12).

13 of the annexed drawings shows a shaped member of the type illustrated by Fig. 10 above, that is to say in which, one of the arms 5%) of the U-shaped channel iron bends towards the exterior and continues in a rectilinear prolongation 5I so as to form in this arm and at the place where it bends back a projection or heel In accordance with the invention the U-shaped 4member is formed by a part 22 which extends between the extremity of the shortest arm 23 of the ll-shaped channel. iron and the extremity *of the unbent part 5% of the longest arm of the U-shaped channel iron.

The arrangement illustrated in Figs. 11, 12 and 13 permits of increasing to an appreciable amount the conditions of the resistance of the shaped member. It however assumes the ernployment of a U-shaped channel iron.

Experiments which the applicant has made have however allowed him to conrm that it was advantageous to manufacture the shaped member directly from a tube by a drawing operation.

Fig. 14 shows by way oi example such a shaped member which comprises a face 51 and a face I51 shorter than the face |51. This face |61 bends back towards the interior as indicated at |91 and is prolonged by a part 26 parallel to the face |51. The face |51 is bent towards the interior and is continued by a part |11 parallel to the arms |51 and |61 and in its turn bending back in an arm 221 which joins the extremity of the part 201 and is parallel to the part 2 I1.

The shaped member illustrated in Fig. 14 possesses all the properties and advantages of the shaped members hereinabove described with in addition improved conditions of resistance.

A solution may be reached still more advantageous as much from the point of view of resistance as from that of facility of construction by adopting the shaped member of the Fig. 15 which is also obtained by drawing from a tube. This shaped lmember presents a rectangular or square section and comprises, from the side directed towards the window-pane, a hollow projection 55 against which the window-pane 56 rests. Furthermore the sides and 58 do not directly join but the part 51 bends towards the exterior and is prolonged by an arm 59 which is parallel to the part 5l which bends back forming an arm 60 which is disposed parallel to the arm 59 remaining in contact with the latter and which joins the part 58.

This shaped member possesses all the charaoteristics of the shape of the Figure above and comprises notably a bend 521 which is similar to the bend 52 in Fig. 13 above.

It is like a U-shaped channel iron with parallel arms of different length and of which one arm is provided at its extremity with a prolongation determining with the corresponding arm, the formation of a recess either towards the interior, or towards the exterior, as hereinbefore defined.

Fig. 16 illustrates in vertical section the assemblage of a window construction with the assistance of shaped members according to Fig. 15. This gure corresponds to Fig. 8 above, and it is easy to understand therefrom that the construction and the functioning of the window are the same as in the case of Fig. 8 above, except that the shape forming the two movable sashes is obtained by drawing from a tube. Similarly with the sill 3|1, this latter being constructed so as to cri-operate with the shape of the sashes and of the fixed frame, as hereinabove described.

When the shaped members are employed of the type illustrated in Fig. 15, a further advantage of a supplementary nature is obtained from the point of view of the assemblage of shaped members forming the angles of the sashes of the window.

In this case, in fact, use may be made of a tubular wedge such as that illustrated at 6| in Fig. 1'7, and it is suicent to form in each of the shaped members to be united a chamber of 45 degrees as indicated at 62, to introduce at the bottom the tubular wedge 6I in the interior of each of these two shaped members, and the angle is thus formed. The two shaped members may then be soldered together at a low temperature without deforming the metal and with a maximum of solidity and a very reduced cost price. It is to be noted besides that a single type of tubular wedge suffices for the four angles of each sash of the window.

Fig. 18 illustrates the assemblage of one of the lower angles of one of the sashes of the window, formed by the shaped member illustrated in Fig. 14. For this special assemblage from the fact of the shaped member forming the lateral upright member also the shaped member forming the lower traverse of one of the sashes of the window being the same, but meeting in an opposite direction, there is provided a special wedge 6|1 having two similar arms 69 and 10, but of which the faces are also oppositely directed.

After placing in position, the central part 1| provided with the faces 69, 10, forms the angle properly so called of the united shapes.

Fig. 19 shows a closure arrangement which may be employed in preference in the case of the present invention. In this figure, 63 designates the closure bars which are introduced at their extremities into recesses provided in the frame of the window, these bars are connected to bars 64 which are horizontally curved in the direction of width and are provided with bends 65 having a hole for the passage of the fixing screw (not illustrated).

The bars 64 are provided with racks 651 which engage with a toothed pinion 66, keyed to a spindle 61 operated by a handle (not illustrated).

The upper plate 68 of the lock should have a certain length, that is to say, it should extend slightly at each extremity beyond the control feet 65 when the latter are at their point of greatest approach one to the other, so as entirely to hide the recess made in the shaped member of the window and necessary to introduce the body of the lock. On the other hand, this plate should be shorter than the interval comprised between the feet 65 when the latter are in their positions the furthest from one another. so as to leave accessible the holes provided in the upper wall of the shaped member of the window in which the lock is housed, Ithis accessibility being necessary for the introduction into the interior of the xing screw of the closure bars with the control feet.

What I claim is:

l. In a window construction, a frame, each of the side walls of which are provided with two substantially parallel longitudinal grooves, connected at predetermined points by cross grooves, resilient sealing members carried by the top and side Walls of said frame adjacent the outermost of said grooves, a pair of movable sashes, each having a pair of pivots and a pair of guide lugs disposed in substantially the central plane of respective sashes, in sliding engagement with said grooves and adapted to be shifted from one groove to another for adjusting and interchanging said sashes, adjacent cross rails of said sashes being provided with complementary offset flanges, whereby when in closed position, said sashes are interengageable and lie in a common vertical plane, outwardly directed notches in said outermost grooves in alignment with and accommodating respective pivots and lugs when said sashes are in closed position, permitting bodily shifting of said sashes outwardly from the plane of said outermost grooves, and means for thus shifting said sashes into engagement with said sealing members.

2. In a window construction, a frame, each of the side walls of which are provided with two substantially parallel longitudinal grooves, con nected at predetermined points by cross grooves, resilient sealing members carried by the top and side walls of said frame adjacent the outermost of said grooves. a pair of movable sashes, each having a pair of pivots and a pair of guide lugs disposed in substantially the central plane of respective sashes, in sliding engagement with said grooves and adapted to be shifted from one groove to another for adjusting and inter-changing said sashes, said guide lugs being retractible to permit complete reversal of either sash, adjacent cross rails of said sashes being provided with complementary off-set flanges, whereby when in closed position, said sashes ane inter-engageable and lie in a common vertical plane, outwardly directed notches in said outermost grooves in alignment with and accommodating respective pivots and lugs when said sashes are in closed position, permitting bodily shifting of said sashes outwardly from the plane of said outermost groovesand means for thus shifting said sashes into engagement with said sealing members.

3. In a window construction, a frame, each of the side walls of which are provided with two substantially parallel longitudinal grooves, connected at predetermined points by cross grooves, resilient sealing members carried by the top and side walls of said frame adjacent the outermost of said grooves, a pair of movable sashes, each having a pair of pivots and a pair of guide lugs disposed in substantially the central plane of respective sashes, in sliding engagement with said grooves and adapted to be shifted from one groove to another for adjusting and inter-changing said sashes, said guide lugs being retractible to permit complete reversal of either sash, adjacent cross rails of said sashes being provided with complementary off-set anges, whereby when in closed position, said sashes are inter-engageable and lie in a common vertical plane, outwardly directed notches in said outermost grooves in alignment with and accommodating respective pivots and lugs when said sashes are in closed position, permitting bodily shifting of said sashes outwardly from the plane of said outermost grooves, and abutments adjacent the top and bottom of said frame in the line of normal closing movement of said sashes and adapte-d to urge respective sashes outwardly into engagement with said sealing members.

4. In a Window construction, a frame, each of the side walls of which are provided with two substantially parallel longitudinal grooves, connected at predetermined points by cross grooves, resilient sealing members carried by the top and side walls of said frame adjacent the outermost of said grooves, a pair of movable sashes each having a pair of pivots and a pair of guide lugs disposed in substantially the central plane of respective sashes, in sliding engagement with said grooves and adapted to be shifted from one groove to another for adjusting and inter-changing said sashes, outwardly directed notches in said outermost grooves in alignment with and accommodating respective pivots and lugs when said sashes are in closed position, permitting bodily shifting of said sashes outwardly from the plane of said outermost grooves, and means for thus shifting said sashes into engagement with said sealing members.

ALPHONSE LEOPOLD JOSEPH GRIGNET.

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