EP1929076B1 - Apparatus for processing fibres on the drum of a carding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus for processing fibres on the drum of a revolving flat card having a main carding zone, a pre-carding zone and a post-carding zone. Two groups of working elements for processing fibres are provided in the pre-carding zone. Each group comprises a carding segment and a separation module. As viewed in the rotational direction of the drum, the carding segment is arranged ahead of the separation module. The carding segment comprises a profile which is fastened to the card frame and has at least two carding strips. The separation module comprises a profile which is fastened to the card frame and forms a delivery tube which is connected to the carding gap via a separation gap. The profile is provided with a blade after the separation gap. The profile is also provided with a carding strip before the separation gap and a guide face after the blade.

Description

The present invention relates to apparatus for processing fibers, in particular for the removal of impurities on the drum of a revolving flat card.

State of the art

The revolving flat card is especially designed for the processing of cotton or cotton blends. The most important part of the processing is carried out while the fibers are carried by a rotating cupped drum. The drum cooperates with a revolving flat aggregate, this aggregate defining a so-called "main carding zone" where the main processing of the fibers takes place. When viewed in front of the main carding zone in the direction of rotation of the drum, there is a "pre-carding zone" and after the main carding zone a "post-carding zone".

For more than forty years now, it has been the state of the art to provide devices for removing impurities in the pre- and post-carding zone in the design of the cotton card.

DE-C-3644529 provides a device for removing contaminants such as trash, shell parts, etc. for a card or card. The device is arranged above the licker-in, ie it is located in the Vorkardierzone. The device comprises at least one knife blade with a suction chamber between a fixed cover device associated with the drum and the licker-in, wherein the knife blade is arranged directly above the licker-in. According to at least one embodiment, a second knife blade is provided with a suction chamber immediately in front of the revolving flat unit.

EP-B-387 908 goes from DE-A-3644529 and also relates to a device for removing impurities in the Vorkardierzone, with two knife blades are provided in this zone. Every blade is at one's attached subsequent Kardierelement and forms a structural unit with this element. In front of each blade, a hold-down plate associated with this blade is provided. The radial distance between the first holddown plate and the carding drum is greater than the radial distance between the second holddown plate and the carding drum. This arrangement should simultaneously enable coarse separation and fine precipitation.

DE-A-10207159 provides in the pre-and / or Nachkardierzone before a plurality of working elements such as Festkardierelementen, suction, Ausscheidemesser ago, wherein at least two working elements, a module is formed. The invention is characterized in that in the pre- and / or Nachkardierzone each have at least two modules are provided for the excretion of foreign bodies (contaminants) such as trash and / or for the excretion of Nissen. In the embodiment according to the FIG. 2 two modules are provided in the Vorkardierzone, each comprising a Festkardierelement, a suction hood and a pressure element. These modules are designed to improve the excretion of foreign bodies such as trash, seed parts, leaf debris u. Like. Allow. In a module for the excretion of Nissen apparently the order of the working elements to be changed, namely on the order pressure element, suction hood, Festkardierelement. Such modules are in the embodiment according to the FIG. 3 shown.

DE-A-10163178 provides a device with a knife blade and a suction chamber associated with the knife blade. The knife blade and the suction chamber are attached to a holding element and form an assembly. Outside the end faces of the drum, adjusting elements are provided which are arranged in the region of the deposition edge.

The EP 0 366 918 discloses a carding segment with a dirt trap. The dirt separator comprises a position-adjustable knife for dirt separation and a dirt removal space designed as a tube. The wall of the Schmutzabscheideraums is on a short of the knife ending Tambourdeckplatte hung up. The carding segment comprises a plurality of carding strips and is arranged downstream of the knife-receiving section, viewed in the direction of rotation of the drum.

The EP 0 848 091 discloses a soil separation device. The Schmutzausscheidevorrichtung comprises a knife and the Ausscheidespalt covering hood. The hood is connected to a suction to remove the separated waste. In addition, measures are disclosed to influence the air currents downstream of the knife.

The prior art is not concerned with the optimum utilization of the available space in the Vorkardierzone.

The invention provides an apparatus for processing fibers on the drum of a revolving flat card having a main carding zone, a pre-carding zone and a post-carding zone. In the pre-carding zone, two groups of working elements are provided for processing fibers. Each group includes a carding segment and a separation module. Viewed in the direction of rotation of the drum, the carding segment is arranged in front of the separation module. The carding segment comprises a profile attached to the carding frame with at least two carding strips. The separation module comprises at least one profile fastened to the carding frame, which forms a discharge tube which communicates with the carding gap via a separating gap. The profile is provided with a knife blade after the Ausscheidespalt. The profile is also provided with a carding strip in front of the separation slot and a guide surface after the knife blade.

Figur 1

Schematische Seitenansicht einer Karde.

Figur 2

Schematische Seitenansicht der Vorkardierzone einer Karde mit einer Vorrichtung gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung.

Figur 3

Detail eines Kardiersegments zur Verwendung in einer Vorrich- tung gemäss der Figur 2.

Figur 4

Darstellung im Querschnitt eines Ausscheidemoduls zur Ver- wendung in einer Vorrichtung gemäss der Figur 2.

Figur 5

Prinzipskizze zur Darlegung der Strömungsverhältnisse im Kar- dierspalt zwischen dem Kardierelement und der Trommelgarnitur in der Figur 4.

Figur 6

Prinzipskizze zur Darlegung der Strömungsverhältnisse im Kar- dierspalt zwischen der Leitfläche und der Trommelgarnitur in der Figur 4.

Figur 7

Detail einer Befestigung für ein Kardierelement zur Verwendung in einem Modul gemäss der Figur 4.

With reference to the figures and examples further features of the invention will be explained.

FIG. 1

Schematic side view of a card.

FIG. 2

Schematic side view of the Vorkardierzone a card with a device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3

Detail of a carding segment for use in a device according to the FIG. 2 ,

FIG. 4

Representation in cross section of a separation module for use in a device according to the FIG. 2 ,

FIG. 5

Schematic diagram to illustrate the flow conditions in the carding nip between the carding element and the drum set in the FIG. 4 ,

FIG. 6

Schematic diagram to illustrate the flow conditions in the carding nip between the guide surface and the drum set in the FIG. 4 ,

FIG. 7

Detail of a fastening for a carding element for use in a module according to the FIG. 4 ,

FIG. 1 shows a revolving flat card, for example the Rieter card C60 with a working width of 1.5 m. Fiber flakes are transported through transport channels through the various Putzereiprozessstufen (not shown) and finally filled the hopper 16 of the card. The shaft 16 in FIG. 1 is designed as a so-called "cleaner shaft" with a cleaning module between the shaft top and the manhole base. However, this is not essential for the present invention, instead of a cleaner shaft and a normal hopper can be provided.

The shaft then passes the fiber flakes to the card as cotton wool, namely to a known feed device, which feeds the cotton into the card at a predetermined speed. The feeder feeds the fiber flakes to the lickerins 3. The lickerins open the fiber flakes and remove some of the debris. The last licker-in roller passes the fibers to the card drum 1. After the fibers have in part performed several revolutions on the card drum, they are removed by the pickup 4 from the card drum, fed to the discharge area 5 and finally deposited as a card sliver in a cane stick in a jug ( Not shown).

The carding drum 1 is provided with a clothing, usually a Sägezahngarnitur (not shown), and it cooperates with the cover 7 of a revolving flat 2 during the forward flow of the covers 7 together. The lids 7 are during the return is cleaned by a lid cleaning 14 and possibly reground with a grinding device (not shown). Depending on the make of the card, the revolving flat aggregate 2 consists of 79 to 112 lids, which are combined by a chain or a belt to form a revolving endless belt. The traveling lid unit 2 together with the drum 1 forms the main carding zone 8 and has as function the dissolution of the flakes into single fibers, removal of impurities and dust, elimination of very short fibers, the dissolution of nits and the parallelization of the fibers. This zone 8 can be defined with an angle α. The zone 8 extends from the point where the first lid is placed in working position with respect to the drum to the point where the last lid leaves the working position to start the return. The angle α, which encloses all the lids in working position (= working position) relative to the drum, is preferably greater than 100 °, in particular between 110 ° and 120 °. The number of lids in the working position is preferably greater than 30, so that enough Kardierlinien are available.

The carding drum 1 has a diameter D and a working width A (not shown in FIG FIG. 1 ). The working width A is given by the axial length of the garnished surface of the drum. In the latest generation of high-performance carding machines, for example the C60 carding machine from Rieter, the working width of the drum has been increased from the usual value in the range of 1 m to 1.5 m. In addition, the diameter of the drum is reduced from the usual 1.3 m to about 0.814 m. Due to the changed geometry and the corresponding changed processing parameters, the card can process more than 200 kg / h of cotton today. The rotational speed of the drum can be chosen such that the peripheral speed of the drum set of the "smaller" drum is the same size as the peripheral speed of the drum set of a conventional card with a drum diameter of about 1000 mm. As a result, however, a much higher centrifugal force is achieved at the periphery of the smaller (but wider) drum, which has an advantageous effect on the precipitation of dirt, provided that the good fibers are held securely by the drum set.

Each lid 7 is provided with a set, for example with a sawtooth or flexible sets in the form of prongs, whereby alternative forms of trimmings come into question. There are 20 to 50 lids constantly in working position. In working position, the lids are then when they are arranged with their clothing side opposite the drum set. The cover 7 are moved with an endless belt or a chain over pulleys 6 with a drive on the drum surface, mostly against the direction of rotation of the drum. Between the drum and the flat set is a gap called the carding nip. The lids run over two flexible bows, which are arranged on each side of the drum. The flexible sheet can be provided with means (not shown) for adjusting the sheets, so that an accurate adjustment of the carding gap can be made. This carding nip is normally selected over almost the entire main carding zone so that the lids are set at a constant distance from the drum. However, the gap can also be opened - the carding gap is larger - or closing - the carding gap is smaller - to be set. The size of the carding nip is, for example, between 0.10 to 0.30 mm for cotton or to 0.40 mm for chemical fibers in the case of a revolving flat card.

• ein Verdeckelement 20, welches eine Leitfläche der Trommelgamitur gegenüberstellt und dazu konzipiert ist, die Übergabe des Fasermaterials, noch in der Form von nur teilweise aufgelösten Flocken, vom (letzten) Vorreisser an die Trommel 1 zu gewährleisten ;
• zwei Kardiersegmente 22 bzw. 24;
• ein Ausscheidemodul 26;
• ein weiteres Kardiersegment 28, und
• eine Absaugeinheit 30, welche der Einlaufpartie des Wanderdeckelaggregats 2 zugeordnet ist und von den aus der Arbeitsstellung auslaufenden Deckeln abfallendes Material aufnimmt.

In the card according to the FIG. 1 When viewed in the direction of rotation of the drum, the following working elements are located in the pre-carding zone:

• a top element 20, which faces a guide surface of the Trommelgamitur and is designed to ensure the transfer of the fiber material, still in the form of only partially dissolved flakes, from the (last) licker to the drum 1;
• two carding segments 22 and 24, respectively;
• a separation module 26;
• another carding segment 28, and
• a suction unit 30, which is associated with the inlet part of the revolving flat unit 2 and receives from the leaking from the working position lids falling material.

• eine erste Verarbeitungsgruppe G1 bestehend aus einem Kardiersegment 32 und einem Ausscheidemodul 34, und
• eine zweite Verarbeitungsgruppe G2 bestehend aus einem Kardiersegment 36 und einem Ausscheidemodul 38.

The FIG. 2 now shows schematically a, opposite the FIG. 1 , Modified arrangement according to the present invention. Since the top member 20 and the suction unit 30, also functional, compared to FIG. 1 have remained unchanged, they are indicated in both figures with the same reference numerals, being omitted from a repetition of the description. The arrangement according to the FIG. 2 includes, viewed in the direction of rotation of the drum:

• a first processing group G1 consisting of a carding segment 32 and a separation module 34, and
• a second processing group G2 consisting of a carding segment 36 and a separation module 38.

The top member 20, the suction unit 30, the carding segments 32, 36 and the separation modules 34, 38 each form a structural unit, which are attached at their ends, each having a bow 40 (only one sheet 40 in the FIG. 2 visible). The sheets 40 are fastened in the card rack (not shown) by means of bolts (not shown) which cooperate with receptacles 42 on the respective sheet. Since the general structure of the group G2 is substantially the same as the general structure of the group G1, only the group G1 will be described below for the time being. Subsequently, the differences in group G2 will be briefly discussed.

The carding segment 32 is also in the FIG. 3 enlarged and shown in cross-section. The segment 32 comprises a hollow profile 44, which serves as a holder for two carding strips 46 and 48, respectively. These strips are preferably each formed from Sägezahngarniturstücken, which are fastened side by side on a respective support plate 50. The plates 50 are connected by means of suitable fastening means 52, only schematically indicated, releasably connected to the profile 44. Each strip 46 or 48 preferably has a width B of the clothing strip (in the circumferential direction of the card) of approx. 35 mm, preferably 30 mm, for example 25 to 40 mm, advantageously 25 to 35 mm, on. The length of the strip depends on the working width of the card, so in the case of the aforementioned C60 card, it must have a length of approx. 1500 mm. For a conventional card design, a strip length of about 1000 mm is sufficient. In the embodiment according to the FIG. 3 Each strip is firmly connected to the profile. An alternative, with adjustable carding strips, is in the DE-A-10318968 and could also be used in a device according to the present application.

• ein erstes Teilprofil 54 und ein zweites Teilprofil 56, die zusammen ein Schmutzabfuhrrohr mit einem kanalförmigen Hohlraum 58 bilden;
• ein elastisches Befestigungselement 60 welches dazu dient die Teilprofile 54, 56 zusammenzuhalten und dadurch den Hohlraum 58 zu bilden;
• einen Ausscheidespalt 62, welcher den Kardierspalt K mit dem Hohlraum 58 verbindet;
• eine Messerklinge 64, die in einer dafür gebildeten Aufnahme in einer Fusspartie 66 des Teilprofils 54 befestigt ist;
• eine Leitfläche 68 geformt durch eine Seite des Teilprofils derart, dass die Leitfläche der Trommelgarnitur gegenübersteht, und
• ein Kardierelement 70, welches derart an einer Fusspartie 72 des Teilprofils 56 angebracht ist, dass das Element 70 der Trommelgarnitur gegenübersteht.

The separation module 34 is in cross section in the FIG. 4 shown, wherein the lateral surface of the drum set is indicated by the reference numeral 1A. The module 34 comprises

• a first sub-profile 54 and a second sub-profile 56, which together form a dirt removal tube with a channel-shaped cavity 58;
• an elastic fastener 60 which serves to hold the sub-profiles 54, 56 together and thereby form the cavity 58;
• a separation slot 62 connecting the carding nip K to the cavity 58;
• a knife blade 64 secured in a receptacle formed therefor in a foot portion 66 of the sub-profile 54;
• a guide surface 68 formed by a side of the sub-profile such that the guide surface facing the drum set, and
• a carding element 70 which is attached to a foot portion 72 of the sub-profile 56 so that the element 70 faces the drum set.

It should be noted that the carding element 70 is immediately adjacent to the separating gap 62. The sub-profiles 54, 56 are independent of each other, via their respective foot sections 66, 72, on the arc 40 ( Fig. 2 ) in each case in such a way that the distance between the foot section and the drum set can be set selectable. There are many methods known to those skilled in the art, which required Adjustability allow. No specific variant is shown or described here, since the selection in and of itself makes no contribution to the invention. It should be noted, however, that the elastic connection 60 must allow the mutual adjustment of the two wall parts 54, 56, while ensuring a tight connection between these parts, at their mutual points of contact.

The FIG. 5 shows schematically (in principle) the flow conditions in the carding nip K between the carding strip 70 and the drum set with lateral surface 1A. In principle, the same conditions prevail in the carding gap between the carding segment 32, 36 and the drum set. However, the explanation of these conditions in connection with the separation module 34 is important because of the importance of the carding element 70 for the separation function.

The FIG. 5 shows examples of setting parameters that can be used for a carding machine with a drum diameter of 814 mm, in particular when choosing a conventional carding strip with a width B of the clothing strip of 30 mm. The operating direction of rotation of the drum is indicated by a curved arrow. The carding position of the clothing teeth of the carding strip is indicated schematically in that the tip of each tooth is directed against the drum rotation direction. On the left side of the strip, in the viewing direction of the FIG. 5 , the precipitating gap 62 (in Fig. 5 not indicated, cf. Fig. 4 ), on the right side is the carding segment 32 (in the FIG. 5 not shown, cf. Fig. 2 ).

If it is now assumed that the clothing tips of the strip form a lateral surface which lies in a plane 74, and the central longitudinal axis of this lateral surface lies in a circle 75, which is concentric with the drum 1, it is possible, for. B. set a gap width of 0.35 mm between this longitudinal axis and the lateral surface of the drum set. This results in the edge regions of the strip a larger gap width, as from FIG. 5 can be seen. In the carding segment 32, the newly introduced flakes are at least partially dissolved. Thereby Trash particles are released. Since the specific gravity of these particles is higher than the specific gravity of the fibers, with both materials (trash and fibers) subjected to a high centrifugal force, the released particles tend to move radially outwardly in the carding nip. The lanes between the clothing tips of the carding strips 46, 48 ( Fig. 3 ) allow this radial displacement of the trash particles, while the fibers of the flocs tend to catch on the clothing surfaces, preventing them from free radial displacement. This radial displacement of the particles is achieved in carding strip 70 (FIG. Fig. 5 ), so that many particles pass directly from the lanes of the clothing strip into the separation gap 62.

The conditions in the carding nip in the vicinity of the knife blade 64 are shown schematically in FIG FIG. 6 shown. The lateral surface of the drum set is again denoted by reference numeral 1A. It is assumed that the blade 64 is attached to the foot part 66, so that the distance y between the knife edge and the lateral surface 1A is predetermined, for example in the range 0.2 to 0.6 mm, preferably approximately 0.3 to 0, 5 mm. The distance between the adjacent edge region of the strip 70 and the lateral surface 1A is denoted by z and is, for the reasons mentioned above, usually slightly larger than the distance y, for example in the range 0.5 to 1 mm.

• durch eine Einstellung von y und z und/oder
• durch die Auswahl der Spitzendichte das Kardierstreifens 70 und/oder
• durch die Breite C des Ausscheidespalts 62.

The excretion amount can be influenced in at least 3 ways:

• by setting y and z and / or
• by selecting the peak density of the carding strip 70 and / or
• by the width C of the separating slit 62.

The guide surface 76 forms a curved surface which is arranged approximately concentric with the drum 1. This baffle has, in particular, an effect on the air flow in the carding nip, after a part of the air quantity has been peeled off from the separating gap 62 on the blade 64 upstream and in the cavity 58 (FIG. Fig. 4 ) was discharged. In order not to impair the setting of the important distance y, it is preferable to increase the distance between the guide surface 76 and the lateral surface 1A intended. On the other hand, to prevent the formation of a "dead space" or a vortex downstream of the blade 64 as possible, the distance between the guide surface 76 and lateral surface 1A should not be much larger than the distance y. The attachment of the guide element on the foot part 66 thus preferably results in a small enlargement x of the carding gap downstream of the blade 64, for example in the range 0.15 to 0.25 mm.

The FIG. 7 The carding element 70 comprises a support rod 80 with a dovetail-shaped receptacle 82 for gambit pieces 82. The rod 80, viewed in its longitudinal direction, extends over the entire working width of the drum and extends over its entire length provided with spacers 84, 86, wherein the two middle spacers 86 are hook-shaped and together form a receptacle for a mounting rail 88. The rail 88 has distributed over its length openings 90, which are each provided with a thread. After insertion of the rod 88 into the receptacle, the apertures 90 face the apertures 92 provided in the foot portion 72. Through each opening 92, a respective bolt 94 can be guided to cooperate with the thread of the corresponding opening 90. As a result, the rail 88 is pressed firmly against the hook-shaped spacers 86 and these are firmly clamped between the rail 88 and the foot section 72. The access to the bolts 94 can be ensured via holes 96 in the wall part 56, these holes 96 are closed during operation preferably by means of a suitable cover 98. As an alternative solution for fixing threaded pins can be used, which are glued into the threaded hole 90 of the rail 88 and bottom are flush ground. Since this part can be guided from below through the opening 92, only one nut has to be guided and fastened through the opening 96 for the connection.

A difference between the detailed construction of the elements of the groups G1 and G2 lies in the selection of the peak densities of the carding strips of the two groups. Preferably, the peak densities of the clothing strips in the direction of rotation of the drum are higher. At the beginning in the Vorkardierzone z. B. 150-190 ppsi (points per square inch) rising to 300-350 ppsi just before the end of the zone.

For example, the peak density in group G2 is higher than the peak density in group G1. The peak density of clothing strips in the group G1 is z. 160 ppsi while the peak density in group G2 may be 330 ppsi.

By widening the carding gap in the direction of the separation gap, the trash precipitation can be promoted.

The advantageous effect of the arrangement according to the FIG. 2 is that the Kardierstreifen together ensure a significant pre-dissolution of the flakes before the newly introduced flakes get between the lid 7 and the Trommelgamitur. At the same time the coarsest dirt particles that are released in the implementation of this pre-resolution, as soon as possible removed from the carding nip. As a result, the trimmings of the lid 7 are relieved. The division of the separation function into two separation modules allows a greater selectivity in the departure of a given amount of waste, because, for this given outflow quantity, the working elements of the separation modules 34, 38 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) can be set closer to the drum set. The limited space in the Vorkardierzone are thus optimally utilized, especially if the Vorkardierzone is further restricted because of a reduction of the drum diameter.

The combination of carding element, blade and guide surface in a separation module can increase the selectivity without limiting the amount of waste, or with the same amount of waste, eliminating more unwanted particles and therefore less good fibers.

In summary, the invention relates to a device for processing fibers on the drum of a revolving flat card with a Hauptkardierzone, a Vorkardierzone and a Nachkardierzone. In the pre-carding zone, two groups of working elements are provided for processing fibers. Each group includes one Carding segment and a separation module. Viewed in the direction of rotation of the drum, the carding segment is arranged in front of the separation module. The carding segment comprises a profile attached to the carding frame with at least two carding strips. The separation module comprises a profile attached to the carding frame, which forms a discharge tube which communicates with the carding gap via a separating gap. The profile is provided with a knife blade after the Ausscheidespalt. The profile is also provided with a carding strip in front of the separation slot and a guide surface after the knife blade.

Claims (6)

1. A device for processing fibres on the cylinder (1) of a revolving flat card comprising a main carding zone, a pre-carding zone and a post-carding zone, wherein two groups (G1, G2) of working elements (32, 34, 36, 38) for processing fibres are provided in the pre-carding zone, whereas each group (G1, G2) comprises a carding segment (32, 36) and a separation module (34, 38), and wherein

   - the carding segment (32, 36) comprises a profile (44) which is fastened to the card frame and has at least two carding strips (50), and

   - the separation module (34, 38) comprises a profile (56, 54) which is fastened to the card frame and forms a delivery tube (58) which is connected to the carding gap (k) via a separation gap (62), wherein the profile (54, 56) of the separation module (34, 38) is provided with a knife blade (64) downstream of the separation gap (62) and a guide face (76) downstream of the knife blade (64), characterized in that when viewed in the direction of rotation of the cylinder (1), the carding segment (32, 36) is located upstream of the separation module (34, 38) and the profile (54, 56) of the separation module (34, 38) is provided with a carding strip (70) upstream of the separation gap (62).
2. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that the narrowest distance (z) between the carding strip (70) of the separation module (34, 38) and the circumferential surface (1A) of the cylinder clothing lies in the range of 0.2 to 0.5 mm.
3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the greatest distance (z) between the carding strip (70) of the separation module (34, 38) and the circumferential surface (1A) of the cylinder clothing lies in the range of 0.5 to 1 mm.
4. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the distance (y) between the knife edge and the circumferential surface (1A) of the cylinder clothing lies in the range of 0.2 to 0.6 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 0.5 mm.
5. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the distance (x + y) between the guide face (76) of the guiding element (68) and the circumferential surface (1A) of the cylinder clothing is only slightly greater than the distance (y) between the blade edge and the circumferential surface (1A) of the cylinder clothing.
6. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cylinder diameter (D) lies in the range of 750 to 900 mm.

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