EP0310964A1 - Cotton or wool card - Google Patents

Abstract

2.1 In a known card, which has a carding drum (1) and carding elements (5) cooperating with the carding drum, a cleaning belt with scraper elements (17) which is movable transversely to the direction of rotation of the carding drum is provided, which cleaning belt (6, 7) is connected to a suction device ( 8) is connected. The scraping elements transport impurities in the fiber material to one side, which causes transverse displacements of the fiber material, which lead to uneven thicknesses of the fiber material. In addition, the contaminants are not completely removed, but rather accumulated on one side of the fiber material. 2.2 In the card according to the invention, the carding elements are arranged such that they can be swung back and forth transversely to the direction of rotation of the carding drum and loosen impurities in the fiber structure, which can then be sucked off by the suction device (31). 2.3 The card according to the invention is suitable for the production of non-woven fabrics, in particular of fiber material that is rich in shell parts, so-called "seed coat" fragments.

Description

The invention relates to a card or card, with a carding drum and at least one carding element cooperating with the carding drum and a cleaning device connected to a suction device, cooperating with the carding drum and having working elements movable transversely to the direction of rotation of the carding drum.

A card of the type mentioned is known from DE-PS 26 24 367. The card described there has, in addition to a carding cover, a cleaning device, consisting of a band running transversely to the direction of rotation of the carding drum, which is provided with a scratching set on its side facing the carding drum. These cleaning devices are arranged either in front of a moving lid set or in front of and between stationary carding elements. The cleaning belt, which always rotates in one direction, is intended to laterally remove contaminants in the nonwoven fabric. Above the run of the cleaning belt facing away from the carding drum, a suction nozzle is attached, which is intended to suck off the impurities which have got stuck in the scraper assembly of the cleaning belt.

A disadvantage of the known device is that the contaminations of the fiber material have to travel unevenly long distances in order to be removed by the cleaning belt. This means that after the fibrous material has been passed through the carding drum past a cleaning device, one side of the fibrous material terials has less impurities than the other side. In addition, there is also transverse displacement of the fiber material itself, so that fiber material and impurities accumulate on one side of the carding drum. To counteract this, it is provided in the known device to arrange two cleaning belts one behind the other in the direction of rotation of the carding drum, which are operated in opposite directions. However, this only ensures that the material jam of fibers and impurities on one side of the carding drum is shifted back to the center of the carding drum. An effective cleaning of the fiber material cannot be achieved in this way.

From DE-OS 36 05 631 a cleaning device with a reciprocating suction tube is known, with which the surface of a scraping roller can be cleaned when there is no nonwoven fabric on it.

A card is also known from the GDR patent 16 154, in which a brush belt, which is arranged transversely to the direction of rotation of the take-up roll, is arranged on the take-off roll, the brush trim of which should contribute in a simple manner to the production of a non-woven fabric.

The invention has for its object to improve a card or card of the type mentioned in such a way that even stubborn contaminants can be eliminated from the fiber material when producing a uniform fleece.

This object is achieved in that the carding elements equipped with carding sets as working elements are arranged such that they can be swung back and forth transversely to the direction of rotation of the carding drum.

This removes impurities from the fiber structure in a targeted manner, which can then be sucked off by the suction device, without large displacements of the fiber material occurring. On the contrary, the reciprocating carding elements help to even out the fiber terials and thus to even out the nonwoven fabric to be produced. It is particularly advantageous that so-called "seed coat" fragments, that is to say shell parts to which fibers still adhere, and foreign fibers are also easily removed with the card or card according to the invention. The cleaning of the fiber material from such shell parts is particularly difficult because of the adhering fibers, since they are therefore very difficult to remove from the fiber structure. The teeth of the carding set always work together with other teeth of the drum set. This contributes to an increase in the carding effect and a more intensive fiber exchange and thus to a further homogenization of the nonwoven fabric to be produced.

A card is also known from US Pat. No. 1,732,860, in which a loosening roller which can be moved back and forth in the axial direction of the carding drum is provided; however, this does not serve to remove contaminants from the fiber structure, but only to loosen up the fiber material on the carding drum before it is introduced into the gap between the carding cover and the carding drum.

According to a preferred embodiment, a set of the carding elements and the cleaning device are designed as a common structural unit in which the carding elements are designed as cover segments that can be swung back and forth. This has the advantage that the cleaning device and the set of carding elements can be made extremely compact and space-saving.

A particularly good removal of the problematic shell parts ("seed coat" fragments) is achieved if several carding elements are provided which are mounted so that they can be swung out of phase with one another. The shell parts with the fibers attached to them are thus turned and swept several times in the fiber structure and can also free themselves from wraps. For good mass balance, four such carding elements can preferably be provided in one set.

To detach the shell parts and also other contaminants from the fiber structure and to achieve a desired carding effect, it is already sufficient in an advantageous manner if the carding elements are connected to an oscillating drive which can generate oscillation amplitudes of up to 50 mm.

It has been shown that the cover segments achieve their effect particularly well when the oscillating drive to which the carding elements are connected can generate frequencies up to 100 Hz.

Particularly good results when removing the impurities from the fiber structure and in the carding effect can be achieved if the individual carding elements of a set are equipped with different carding sets. The sets, which mostly consist of sawtooth wire fittings, can e.g. have different orientations and geometric shapes. It is also possible that the underside of some carding elements is concave and that of other elements is convex or even wedge-shaped.

In order to further improve the removal of the impurities from layers of the fiber structure of different depths, it is advantageous if the distance between the individual carding elements and the carding drum can be set differently.

The carding effect benefits if the distance between the carding elements and the carding drum decreases in the direction of rotation of the carding drum.

It has been found to be advantageous that the suction device is arranged behind the carding element set in the direction of rotation, since the contaminants are then already well removed from the fiber structure by the several carding elements arranged one behind the other and vibrating against one another, so that the suction can take place without other parts of the fiber structure can also be suctioned off.

Depending on the fiber material to be processed, it can be advantageous if a plurality of structural units comprising carding element sets and cleaning devices with a suction device are provided in succession in the direction of rotation of the carding drum.

Depending on the type of nonwovens to be produced, it is advantageous if a shortened traveling cover set is arranged upstream or downstream of the last structural unit in the direction of rotation of the carding drum. Which arrangement you choose depends on the type and condition of the fibers to be processed.

Before contaminants are sucked out with the suction devices arranged downstream in the direction of rotation of the carding drum, micro-dedusting of the nonwoven fabric can already be brought about in a favorable manner in that the carding elements are spaced apart in the circumferential direction and in that a second suction device is arranged between the carding elements.

For the micro-dedusting of the nonwoven fabric, it is sufficient if the suction power of the second suction device is less than that of the first suction device.

It is favorable for the separation of the micro dust if, seen in the direction of rotation of the carding drum, a separating knife is arranged in front of the carding elements is. A structural simplification can be achieved if the carding elements have a carrier for the carding sets made from a section steel. Such profile steel, which can be designed as a U, T or L profile, has sufficient stability on the one hand and offers good opportunities for attack for a sliding bearing for the reciprocation of the carding elements.

• Fig. 1 in einer Seitenansicht schematisch eine erfin­dungsgemäße Karde,
• Fig. 2 ein Detail II aus Fig. 1 ebenfalls schematisch in einer Seitenansicht und
• Fig. 3 in einer schematischen Draufsicht einen Aus­schnitt aus dem in Fig. 2 gezeigten Detail.
• Fig. 4 in einer Detailansicht zwei hintereinander an­geordnete Kardierelemente im Querschnitt,
• Fig. 5 in einer gleichen Ansicht wie Fig. 4 ein Kardielement gemäß einer Variante und
• Fig. 6 in einer Ansicht wie Fig. 4 eine weitere Variante eines Kardierelementes,
• Fig. 7 im Detail die Lagerführung für ein Kardierele­ment, aufgeschnitten in Längsrichtung des Kar­dierelementes, und
• Fig. 8 die Lagerung des Kardierelementes aus Fig. 7 im Querschnitt entlang der Linie VIII-VIII.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. Show it:

• 1 schematically shows a card according to the invention in a side view,
• Fig. 2 shows a detail II of Fig. 1 also schematically in a side view
• Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a section of the detail shown in Fig. 2.
• 4 in a detailed view two carding elements arranged one behind the other in cross section,
• Fig. 5 in the same view as Fig. 4, a cardiac element according to a variant and
• 6 in a view like FIG. 4 a further variant of a carding element,
• Fig. 7 in detail the bearing guide for a carding element, cut open in the longitudinal direction of the carding element, and
• Fig. 8 shows the storage of the carding element of Fig. 7 in cross section along the line VIII-VIII.

1 shows a schematic side view of a card according to the invention, with a carding drum 1, which rotates clockwise (direction of rotation D), a beater 2, which is arranged at the fiber inlet 3, and with a take-off roller 4.

A set of carding elements is also arranged on the outer circumference of the carding drum 1. More precisely, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, two carding element sets 6 and 7 with oscillating carding elements 9 to 12 to be explained later and a shortened traveling cover set 5 arranged downstream in the direction of rotation are arranged. The revolving cover set 5 comprises only approx. 30 to 40 covers, so it is greatly shortened compared to the revolving cover sets having approx. 110 covers.

A carding element set 6 mentioned above is shown in the detailed view in FIG. 2. It comprises a suction device 8 and a cleaning device with carding elements 9, 10, 11 and 12 which can be moved transversely to the direction of rotation D of the carding drum 1 (cf. FIG. 3). The carding elements 9, 10, 11 and 12 have carding sets 17 which cooperate with the set 13 of the carding drum 1.

As can be seen particularly well from FIG. 3, the carding elements are arranged such that they can be swung back and forth transversely to the direction of rotation D of the carding drum 1. 2 and 3 that a carding element set 6 forms a common structural unit with the cleaning device and the suction device 8.

In the exemplary embodiment shown here, four carding elements 9 to 12 are provided for each carding element set 6 or 7, which are mounted such that they can be swung out of phase with one another (see FIG. 3).

The bearing 22 of an individual carding element 9 is shown by way of example in FIGS. 7 and 8. It can be seen that a bearing extension 23 protrudes in the longitudinal direction on the carding elements 9. This bearing extension 23 rests on a sliding guide 24 which is fastened to a fixed lower part 26 by means of a screw 25. Adjustment screws 27 and 28 are provided in the slide guide 24 on both sides of the fastening screw 25 and are supported on the lower part 26. With the aid of the adjusting screws 27 and 28, the height of the sliding guide 24 and thus also the distance between the clothing 17 of the carding element and the clothing 13 of the carding drum 1 can be adjusted; on the other hand, however, a different setting of the adjusting screw 27 relative to the adjusting screw 28 enables the carding set 17 of the carding element 9 to be set at an angle to the set 13 of the carding drum 1. The sliding guide 24 is provided with a friction-reducing and wear-resistant coating. Instead of such a plain bearing, however, it is also possible to provide a ball guide, as is generally known and is therefore not described in detail. It is also possible to provide a dovetail or V guide.

The oscillating drive 14 for the individual carding elements 9 to 12 is designed such that the individual carding elements, each offset by 90 °, are moved back and forth out of phase. The vibration drive 14 can generate vibration amplitudes of up to 50 mm. The vibration frequencies of the cover segments 9 to 12 can be set up to 100 Hz.

As shown by way of example in the top view in FIG. 3, the carding elements 9 to 12 can be made to vibrate in that eccentric disks 16 are provided on a shaft 15 of the oscillating drive 14 move individual carding elements when the shaft 15 rotates transversely to the direction of rotation D of the carding drum 1. Since 9 to 12 helical compression springs 29 are arranged on the side of the carding elements 16 opposite the eccentric disks 16, the carding elements swing back.

The sets 17 can each be arranged differently in the individual carding elements 9 to 12, depending on the technological requirements.

The distance between the individual cover segments 9 to 12 to the clothing 13 of the carding drum 1 can be of different sizes. It is advantageous if the distance in the direction of rotation D of the carding drum 1 is reduced, so that a converging gap is formed between the cover segments 9 to 12 and the clothing 13 of the carding drum 1.

The suction device 8 is arranged in the direction of rotation D behind the last carding element 12 and has a separating knife 19, at the upper end of which an axial tube 21 is arranged. The axial tube 21 is provided with suction openings 30 directed towards the separating knife 19.

As can be seen particularly well from the top view in FIG. 3, the axial tube 21 is connected to a suction device 18 at least at one end.

A substantially axially directed suction flow is formed in the axial tube 21, while an essentially radial flow arises above the separating knife, so that impurities from the nonwoven fabric first pass essentially radially through the separating knife through the suction openings 30 into the axial pipe and are sucked off axially there will.

A second suction device 31 is also provided, which removes micro dust located in the fiber structure between the individual carding elements 9 to 12. The second suction device 31 essentially consists of a housing cover which is connected to a suction device 32. The suction power of the second suction device 31 is less than the power of the suction device 8, since only micro dust is to be suctioned off here and no coarser impurities.

As can be seen from FIGS. 4 to 6, the individual carding elements 9 to 12 also have separating knives 33 on their front edge, based on the direction of rotation D of the carding drum 1. A vacuum is generated above the separating knife 33 by the second suction device, so that the micro dust is sucked off along the surface of the separating knife 33. On the rear edge of a carding element, an air baffle 34 is provided, which extends essentially parallel to the surface of the carding drum 1 and ensures more favorable flow conditions.

4 to 6 show different configurations of the individual carding elements. The individual carding elements differ essentially in that a different profile steel was used as a carrier for the clothing 17. For example, the carding elements 9 and 10 in Fig. 4 from an L-profile, on the lower legs of which the clothing 17 is arranged. The air baffle 34, which is also formed from an L-profile, can be screwed onto the upright leg in a simple manner.

The distance in the circumferential direction between two carding elements 9 and 10, more precisely between the rear end of the air baffle 34 and the front edge of the separating knife 33 is in the embodiment considered here play about 4 to 20 mm.

5 shows a variant of a carding element. Here, the carrier for the carding set 17 consists of a U-profile, the set 17 being attached to the underside of the cross member of the U. The front leg of the U-shaped support of the carding element 9, as seen in the direction of rotation of the carding drum 1, is partially open, the separating knife 33 being inserted into this opening 35. The U-shaped carrier is closed on its upper side by a cover 36 and connected to the second suction device 32 (not shown in FIG. 5) via a further opening 37. In the variant of a carding element shown in FIG. 5, the micro dust is thus sucked out through the carrier of the carding element 9. This means that each carding element 9 to 12 can also be connected directly to a suction device without the carding elements 9 to 12 having to be covered by a common hood.

A further variant of a carding element 9 is shown in FIG. 6, the carrier for the carding set 17 being designed as a T-profile. The carding set 17 sits on the underside of the crossbar of the T-shaped support.

The separating knife 33 extends from the front edge of the crossbar to approximately the middle of the upright leg of the carding element 9. The air baffle 34, which is also L-shaped again, is screwed onto the rear edge of the T-profile.

Apart from the details described, the individual variants of the carding elements do not differ.

Another set 7 can be connected to the above-described structural unit of a set 6 of carding elements 9 to 12 and suction device 8. Depending on the quality of the fiber material to be processed, further sets of carding elements can also be provided.

In the embodiment shown here, the above-described sets with reciprocating carding elements 9 to 12 in the direction of rotation D of the carding drum 1 are followed by a shortened traveling cover set 5. Such a revolving cover set 5 can also be arranged upstream of a carding element set 6 or 7, viewed in the direction of rotation D.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the carding drum 1 is seen in the direction of rotation D, a fixed carding element 38 is arranged directly behind the beater 2. A further carding element 39 is arranged immediately in front of the take-off roller 4, which can also swing back and forth, or can also be designed to be stationary.

The mode of operation of the card according to the invention described above using an exemplary embodiment is explained in more detail below.

Through the fiber inlet 3, the fiber material reaches the carding drum 1 via feed rollers and the beater and is fed there in the direction of rotation D to the first carding element set 6. The carding elements 9 to 12, which are loaded with the sets 17 and oscillate back and forth, move the fiber material transversely to the direction of rotation D of the carding drum 1. Since adjacent carding elements 9 to 12 oscillate out of phase, impurities in the fiber structure are rotated and turned. This is particularly important for foreign fibers and so-called "seed coat" fragments those shell parts to which fibers still adhere, since these shell parts first have to be removed from the fiber structure before they can be suctioned off. By rotating and turning the shell parts, the removal from the fiber structure is considerably simplified.

At the same time, the second suction device 31 is operated, as a result of which micro dust is suctioned off between the carding elements. By swinging the lid segments back and forth, the micro dust is loosened well.

With the back and forth swinging of the carding elements 9 to 12 there is an equalization of the fiber material transverse to the direction of rotation D of the carding drum 1, so that the nonwoven fabric to be produced has essentially the same density and thickness over its entire width, which particularly affects the yarn values has a positive effect.

After the fiber structure has passed through the four carding elements 9 to 12, the impurities and the shell parts lie relatively loosely on the surface of the loosened fiber structure and can be extracted in the suction direction S by the downstream suction device 8. Due to the special arrangement between the axial tube 21 and the separating knife 19 of the suction device 8, the air is sucked off essentially radially, so that impurities and scarf are rushed out of the fiber structure relatively well, without the fibers processed by the reciprocating carding elements be sucked out of the fiber structure.

In principle, the same thing takes place in the downstream swing lid set 7 as described above. Here, however, it is already possible to further reduce the distance between the clothing 17 of the carding elements 9 to 12 and the clothing 13 of the carding drum 1. By the subordinate ver in this embodiment shortened revolving cover set 5, the already equalized fiber fleece can be combed into a parallel fleece.

The oscillation drive of the cover segments can also take place via a crankshaft, as is known, for example, from engine construction. It is also conceivable to control the carding elements individually via hydropulse cylinders so that the carding elements can work with different vibration frequencies. The amplitude and frequency of the carding elements can be adapted to the respective conditions. Depending on the technological requirements, the order between vibrating, moving and fixed carding elements can be varied.

The carrier for the carding set does not necessarily have to be made of steel, it is also possible to use light metal profiles or profiles made of fiber composite materials.

Claims (15)

1.Card or card, with a carding drum and at least one carding element cooperating with the carding drum and a cleaning device connected to a suction device, cooperating with the carding drum and having working elements movable transversely to the direction of rotation of the carding drum, characterized in that the carding elements equipped with carding sets as working elements ( 9-12) are arranged such that they can be swung back and forth transversely to the direction of rotation (D) of the carding drum (1). 2. Card or card according to claim 1, characterized in that a set (6) of the carding elements (9-12) and the cleaning device are designed as a common structural unit. 3. Card or card according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of carding elements (9, 10, 11, 12) are provided which are mounted so that they can be swung out of phase with one another. 4. Card or card according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the carding elements (9, 10, 11, 12) are connected to an oscillating drive (14) which can generate oscillation amplitudes (A) of up to 50 mm. 5. Card or card according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the oscillating drive (14) with which the carding elements (9, 10, 11, 12) are connected can generate frequencies up to 100 Hz. 6. Card or card according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the individual carding elements (9, 10, 11, 12) of a set are equipped with different carding sets (17). 7. Card or card according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the distance between the individual carding elements (9, 10, 11, 12) to the carding drum (1) is adjustable in size. 8. Card or card according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the distance between the carding elements (9, 10, 11, 12) and the carding drum (1) in the direction of rotation (D) of the carding drum (1) is reduced. 9. Card or card according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the suction device (8), in the direction of rotation (D), is arranged behind the carding element set (6; 7). 10. Card or card according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that several units of carding element sets (6, 7) and cleaning devices with suction devices (8) in the direction of rotation (D) of the carding drum (1) are provided one behind the other. 11. Card according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the direction of rotation (D) of the carding drum (1) the carding element set (6 or 7) is a shortened revolving cover set (5) upstream or downstream. 12. Card or Kremple according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the carding elements (9, 10, 11, 12) are spaced apart in the circumferential direction and that between the carding elements (9, 10, 11, 12) a second Suction device (31) is arranged. 13. Card or card according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the suction power of the first suction device (8) is greater than that of the second suction device (31). 14. Card or card according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, seen in the direction of rotation (D) of the carding drum (1), in front of the carding element (9, 10, 11, 12) a separating knife (33) is arranged . 15. Card or card according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the carding elements (9, 10, 11, 12) have a carrier for the carding sets (17) made of a section steel.

Images