EP1896624A1 - Composition d'acier inoxydable martensitique, procede de fabrication d'une piece mecanique a partir de cet acier et piece ainsi obtenue - Google Patents
Composition d'acier inoxydable martensitique, procede de fabrication d'une piece mecanique a partir de cet acier et piece ainsi obtenueInfo
- Publication number
- EP1896624A1 EP1896624A1 EP06778669A EP06778669A EP1896624A1 EP 1896624 A1 EP1896624 A1 EP 1896624A1 EP 06778669 A EP06778669 A EP 06778669A EP 06778669 A EP06778669 A EP 06778669A EP 1896624 A1 EP1896624 A1 EP 1896624A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
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- steel
- steel according
- treatment
- transformation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/02—Hardening by precipitation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- a martensitic stainless steel composition a process for manufacturing a mechanical part from this steel and a part thus obtained.
- the present invention relates to a martensitic stainless steel, and in particular to an alloy steel containing mainly chromium, nickel, molybdenum and / or tungsten, titanium, aluminum and optionally manganese elements, and offering a unique combination of corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. high.
- Low-alloyed carbon martensitic steels that is to say none of the alloying elements exceeds 5% by weight
- quenched and tempered are most suitable when operating temperatures remain below their temperature. of income.
- those alloyed with silicon can withstand slightly higher operating temperatures because their tempering temperature to obtain the best compromise between the breaking strength (R m ) and the toughness (K-ic) is typically located towards 250/300 0 C.
- R m / Ki C of the order of 1900MPa / 70MPa Vm and 2000MPa / 60MPa - ⁇ / m where m is expressed in meters, are commonly obtained with these categories of steels, with appropriate development that is today controlled with known industrial means.
- These classes of steels are extremely sensitive to what is commonly referred to as “stress corrosion”, but which is in fact one of the forms of embrittlement by external hydrogen produced by surface corrosion reactions (pitting, intergranular corrosion). particular).
- the crack propagation threshold in these steels in the presence of corrosion reactions is much lower than their K-ic value; for low-alloy steels treated above 1600 MPa of Rm, the K-icsc value has a minimum value between ambient temperature and 80 ° C., which is of the order of 20 MPaVm in aqueous media with a low chloride concentration.
- the fracture facies is typically intergranular in probable relation with entrapment and hydrogen accumulation beyond the critical concentration on the income-producing ⁇ or Fe 3 C intergranular carbides.
- cadmium is a highly harmful element to the environment, and its use is severely controlled by certain regulations.
- K-icsc / Kic current steels very high strength are still very significantly lower than unity, unless introduced in these steels, elements of the class of platinoids. These act as a "booster" for hydrogen, but their prohibitive cost now prohibits their use as additives.
- the aim of the steel composition of the invention is to solve these technical problems by proposing a martensitic stainless steel having an intrinsic resistance to corrosion in an atmospheric medium (marine or urban environment) for which the external source of hydrogen is eradicated , and simultaneously having a high tensile strength (of the order of 1800 MPa and more) and toughness equivalent to that of low alloyed carbon steel and very high strength.
- the subject of the invention is a martensitic stainless steel, characterized in that its composition is, in weight percentages:
- Ni eq (%) 2Ni + 0.5Mn + 3OC + 25N + Co + 0.3Cu
- traces ⁇ N ⁇ 0.0030% Preferably traces ⁇ C ⁇ 0.0120%
- traces ⁇ Mn ⁇ 0.25% Preferably traces ⁇ Mn ⁇ 0.10%
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a mechanical part made of steel with high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, characterized in that: - a semi-finished product is produced by preparation and then hot transformation of an ingot composition as previously described;
- a solution heat treatment is carried out on said half-product between 850 and 950 ° C., immediately followed by a cryogenic rapid cooling treatment up to a temperature of -75 ° C. or less without interruption below the point Ms transformation and for a time sufficient to ensure complete cooling throughout the thickness of the room;
- aging is carried out between 450 and 600 ° C. for an isothermal holding time of 4 to 32 hours.
- Said cryogenic treatment may be a quenching in dry ice.
- Said cryogenic treatment can be carried out at a temperature of -80 ° C. for at least 4 hours.
- At least one homogenizing heat treatment may be carried out between 1200 and 1300 ° C. for at least 24 hours on the ingot or during its hot transformations into semi-finished product, but before the last of these hot transformations.
- the invention also relates to a mechanical part made of steel with high resistance to corrosion and mechanical strength, characterized in that it was obtained by the above method.
- the invention is based primarily on a composition of the steel as defined above. It has particular characteristics as Ni, Al, Ti, Mo, Cr and Mn that are or can be quite high.
- Thermomechanical treatments are also proposed, whereby the desired properties for the final metal are obtained.
- the steel of the invention allows a structural hardening by simultaneous precipitation of the secondary phases of ⁇ -NiAI type, ⁇ -N ⁇ 3Ti and optionally ⁇ -Fe 7 (Mo, W) 6 according to the so-called “maraging effect", which makes it gives after a thermal aging, ensuring the precipitation, a very high level of mechanical resistance of at least 1800MPa, combined with a good resistance to corrosion, in particular corrosion under stress in atmospheric corrosive media. Its resistance in fatigue is also improved by means of the strict control of impurities deemed harmful (nitrogen, oxygen).
- the steel of the invention has a good resistance to heating and can therefore withstand temperatures up to 300 0 C for short periods of time and of the order of 250 0 C for long periods. Its sensitivity to hydrogen is lower than that of low alloyed steels.
- Very high strength steels are very sensitive to stress corrosion.
- the steel composition of the invention is such that the very origin of the stress corrosion fracture, which is the production of hydrogen by the corrosion mechanisms and then the embrittlement of the metal by internal diffusion of this hydrogen, is circumvented in atmospheric environments thanks to an outfit reinforced with corrosion in general.
- a minimum chromium content of 9 to 11% is necessary to give a steel a protection capacity against corrosion in a humid atmosphere, thanks to the formation on its surface of an oxide film. rich in chromium. But this protective film is insufficient in the case where the atmospheric medium is polluted by sulphate or chloride ions that can develop pitting corrosion and then crevice, both likely to provide hydrogen embrittlement.
- the molybdenum element has a very favorable effect on the reinforcement of the passive film with respect to corrosion in aqueous media polluted by chlorides or sulphates.
- the curing effect which gives a very high mechanical strength to the steel is obtained by precipitation of several hardening secondary phases during a thermal heat treatment of a completely martensitic structure. This martensitic structure prior to the income results from a preliminary solution treatment in the austenitic domain, then a cooling (or quenching) until a sufficiently low temperature so that all the austenite is transformed into martensite.
- the steel of the invention undergoes this hardening thanks to the precipitation of intermetallic prototype phases ⁇ -NiAI, ⁇ -Ni ⁇ Ti and possibly ⁇ -F ⁇ 7 (Mo, W) 6 .
- the strongest hardening is achieved with the highest additions of aluminum, titanium and molybdenum.
- the nickel content must be very precisely adjusted so that the maximum hardening is obtained from a purely martensitic structure, without any residual ferrite or quench austenite.
- the steel of the invention has maximum ductility and toughness, which are obtained in particular by limiting at best the effects of anisotropy related to the solidification of ingots.
- the steel must be free of the ⁇ ferrite phase and the residual austenite phase after dissolution and cooling.
- This phase is harmful for two major reasons: i) - it causes a weakening of the metal, ii) - it modifies the response to the hardening of the steel and no longer allows it to achieve its optimal mechanical properties.
- the steel of the invention does not contain ferrite because its composition meets the conditions described below.
- the ferrite ⁇ formed transiently during the solidification of the steel of the invention can be completely resorbed during a heat treatment at high temperature and in solid phase, for example between 1200 and 1300 0 C when: Cr eq / Ni eq ⁇ 1, 05
- the structural homogeneity of the steel of the invention which is therefore dictated by the solidification conditions, is preferably optimized by means of heat treatment homogenization at very high temperatures, between 1200 and 1300 0 C, of longer than 24 hours, applied on the ingots and / or the intermediate products, that is to say on the half-products being processed hot.
- heat treatment should not, however, occur after the last hot transformation, otherwise we would end up with too large grain size before further processing.
- the best properties of the steel of the invention are obtained after being dissolved between 850 and 950 ° C., in the austenitic field, followed by cooling sufficiently energetic to allow the total transformation of the austenite. in martensite. This transformation must be total for two reasons.
- the hardening by precipitation of the intermetallic phases during the subsequent aging only operates from the martensitic structure.
- all residual austenite ranges not transformed after the end of cooling do not respond to hardening. This strongly affects the overall properties of the steel of the invention, especially since these ranges are very often those resulting from the residual segregation of the ingots and are therefore strongly anisotropic.
- the best trade-offs between strength, ductility and toughness of the steel are obtained when the aging income allows the simultaneous formation of the hardening precipitates and a small fraction of reversion austenite arranged in films in the defects of the structure such as the interlayer joints of martensite.
- the sandwich structure consisting of martensite slats separated by reversion austenite films provides high ductility to the hardened steel.
- this low-level reversion austenite In order for this low-level reversion austenite to form from the martensitic structure, it is imperative that it be martensitic, that is to say, as free as possible of residual non-transformed austenite at the end of the period. cooling since the dissolution cycle. Indeed, at a given aging temperature, there is only one equilibrium austenite content, whether residual type or reversion, the latter being sought.
- the width of the domain of the martensitic transformation of a high-alloy steel a range between the transformation start temperature Ms and the end-of-transformation temperature Mf, is approximately 150 ° C., and that This area is all the larger as the structure of the steel is less homogeneous.
- the temperature Ms of a steel which is cooled to ambient temperature (approximately 25 ° C.) from its austenitic dissolution field must be at least 175 ° C.
- the steel of the invention has a balanced composition such that the transformation temperature Ms is> 50 ° C., and preferably close to or greater than 70 ° C.
- its cooling at -80 ° C., or lower in a cooling medium allows the transformation of austenite to martensite. This is made possible by searching for a temperature range Ms-Mf of at least 140 ° C., preferably at least 160 ° C., by the application, after the treatment. solution dissolution between 850 and 95O 0 C, a cooling completed for example in dry ice at -80 0 C or lower, for a time sufficient to ensure complete cooling of the products and a complete transformation of the austenite in martensite.
- the steel of the invention must have a repetitive and reliable value of Ms which must satisfy the following relationship, a function of all the additive elements included in the steel and which have a significant influence on Ms, y. including the elements present in residual contents but whose effect is strong on the value of Ms. This value is calculated by the formula (the contents of the various elements are in% by weight):
- Ms ( 0 C) 1302 - 42Cr - 63Ni - 30Mo + 20Al - 15W - 33Mn - 28Si - 30Cu - 13Co + 10Ti.
- Chromium and molybdenum are the elements that give steel its good resistance to corrosion: molybdenum is also likely to participate, in addition, in hardening during the precipitation of the intermetallic phase Fe 7 Mo 6 .
- the contents of hardening elements AI, Ti and Mo are higher, hence the preferred upper limit in chromium of 11.75%.
- the molybdenum content is at least 1.5% in order to obtain the desired anticorrosion effect.
- the maximum content is 3%.
- the solvus temperature of a ét-type molybdenum rich intermetallic phase, stable at high temperature becomes greater than 950 ° C. in addition, in some cases, the solidification is completed by a eutectic system which produces massive intermetallic phases, rich in molybdenum, and whose subsequent solution requires solution temperatures higher than 950 ° C.
- the steel also contains tungsten, it will partially replace the molybdenum at the rate of one tungsten atom for two molybdenum atoms. In this case, the maximum limit of 3% applies to the sum Mo + (W / 2).
- the chromium and molybdenum contents must make it possible to obtain a pitting index of at least 16.5.
- Nickel is essential for steel to perform three essential functions: - stabilize the austenitic phase at solution temperatures and eliminate any trace of ⁇ ferrite; for this purpose, the steel of the invention must comprise at least 10% nickel and preferably at least 10.5%, unless another gamma element is added to the steel, for example manganese; for a manganese addition of up to 3%, the nickel content can be reduced to 8%;
- the austenite content dispersed in the steel must be limited to a maximum of 10% to maintain very high mechanical strength: the nickel content is, in this perspective, a maximum of 14%; its preferred content between 10.5 and 12.5% is finally adjusted precisely using the two previously described relationships: Cr eq / Ni eq ⁇ 1.05;Ms> 50 ° C;
- Aluminum is a necessary element for the hardening of steel; the desired maximum resistance levels (Rm> 1800 MPa) are only achieved with an addition of at least 1% aluminum, and preferably at least 1.2%. Aluminum strongly stabilizes ferrite ⁇ and the steel of the invention can not contain more than 2% of aluminum without appearance of this phase.
- the aluminum content is preferably limited to 1.6%, as a precaution, so as to take into account the analytical variations of the other elements which promote ferrite, and which are mainly chromium, molybdenum and titanium.
- Titanium just like aluminum, is a necessary element for the hardening of steel. It allows its hardening by precipitation of the phase ⁇ - Ni 3 i. In PM 13-8Mo type maraging steel and containing more than 1% Al, the increase in titanium Rm strength is approximately 400MPa per percent titanium.
- the very high strength values referred to are obtained only when the sum Al + Ti is at least equal to 2.25% by weight.
- titanium very effectively binds the carbon contained in the steel in the form of TiC carbide, which makes it possible to avoid the harmful effects of free carbon as indicated below.
- solubility of the TiC carbide being quite low, it is possible to precipitate this carbide in a homogeneous manner in the steel during the final stages of the thermomechanical transformation at low temperatures in the austenitic domain of the steel: this avoids the intergranular weakening of the carbide.
- the titanium content must be between 0.5 and 1.5%, preferably between 0.75 and 1.25%.
- Cobalt in substitution for nickel in a proportion of 2% by weight of cobalt per 1% of nickel, is advantageous because it makes it possible to stabilize the austenite at the dissolution temperatures, while allowing the solidification of the steel to be maintained.
- of the invention according to the desired ferritic mode (it very weakly stabilizes the austenite at solidification temperatures): in this, cobalt widens the range of the compositions according to the invention as they are delimited by the Cr eq binding relationships and Neither eq.
- the substitution of 1% of nickel with 2% of cobalt makes it possible to record the starting point of the martensitic transformation of the steel as clearly as possible. be deduced from Ms.'s calculation formula
- cobalt gives the martensitic structure a stronger ability to respond to hardening; however, cobalt does not participate directly in precipitation hardening of the ⁇ - NiAI phase and does not have the ductilizing effect of nickel. On the contrary, it favors the precipitation of the ⁇ - FeCr weakening phase at the expense of the ⁇ - Fe 7 Mo 6 phase, which can have a hardening effect. For the latter two reasons, the addition of cobalt is limited to 2%, preferably to 0.5% in the restricted range where all the properties of the steel of the invention can be acquired without resorting to the effects of cobalt.
- Tungsten can be added in substitution for molybdenum because it participates more actively in the hardening of the solid solution of martensite, and it is also likely to participate in the precipitation of the intermetallic phase type ⁇ -Fe 7 (Mo, W). ) 6 .
- the required mechanical properties require a sulfur content of less than 0.0050%, preferably less than 0.0010% and ideally less than 0, 0005%, subject to an appropriate choice of raw materials.
- the nitrogen content must also be kept at the lowest possible value with the available means of elaboration, firstly to obtain the best ductility of the steel, and secondly to obtain the fatigue endurance limit. the highest possible, especially since the steel contains the titanium element. Indeed, in the presence of titanium, nitrogen forms insoluble cubic TiN nitrides which are extremely harmful by their shape and their physical properties. They constitute systematic primers of fatigue cracking.
- the industrial vacuum production method makes it possible to obtain residual nitrogen contents of between 0.0030 and 0.0100%, typically centered on 0.0050 to 0.0060% in the case of the steel of the invention. 'invention.
- the best solution for the steel of the invention is therefore to seek a residual nitrogen content as low as possible, less than 0.0060%. If necessary, and where the application requires exceptional fatigue strength, toughness and / or ductility, nitrogen contents of less than 0.0030% may be sought by the choice of raw materials and methods of preparation. specific. Carbon, commonly present in steels, is an undesirable element in the steel of the invention for several reasons:
- the maximum carbon content of the steel of the invention is limited to 0.025% at most, preferably 0.0120% at most.
- Copper which is a residual element found in commercial raw materials, must not be present at more than 0.5%, and preferably a final copper content of 0.25 or less is recommended. % in the steel of the invention. The presence of copper in larger quantities would unbalance the overall behavior of the steel: the copper easily tends to move the mode of solidification out of the desired range, and unnecessarily lowers the point of transformation Ms.
- Manganese and silicon are commonly present in steels, in particular because they are used as deoxidants of the liquid metal during conventional furnace processes where the liquid steel is in contact with the atmosphere. Manganese is also used in steels to fix free sulfur, extremely harmful, in the form of less harmful manganese sulphides. Since the steel of the invention has very low sulfur contents and that it is developed under vacuum, the elements manganese and silicon are from this point of view of any utility, and their contents can be limited to those of the raw materials.
- the silicon content must therefore be maintained at most 0.25%, preferably at most 0.10%.
- the manganese content can also be maintained within these same limits.
- Manganese widens the austenitic loop, and in particular it lowers the temperature Ad almost as much as nickel. Since, moreover, it has a lower effect of lowering Ms than nickel, it may be advantageous to replace part of the nickel with manganese to avoid the presence of ⁇ ferrite and help form reversion austenite when aging curing. This substitution must, of course, be done in compliance with the conditions on Cr eq / Ni eq and Ms as seen above. The maximum Mn content can thus be increased to 3%.
- the method of production of the steel must be adapted so that this content is well controlled.
- the oxygen present in the steel of the invention forms oxides that are detrimental to ductility and fatigue strength. For this reason, it is necessary to contain its concentration at the lowest possible value, that is to say at most 0.0050%, preferably below 0.0020%, which is permitted by the industrial means of preparation. under vacuum.
- concentration at the lowest possible value, that is to say at most 0.0050%, preferably below 0.0020%, which is permitted by the industrial means of preparation. under vacuum.
- the elements that have not been mentioned are only present as impurities resulting from the elaboration.
- the steel of the invention is evacuated according to conventional industrial practices by means of, for example, a vacuum induction furnace or a double vacuum forming phase, for example by forming and molding in a vacuum. a vacuum furnace of a first electrode, then by at least one vacuum remelting operation of this electrode to obtain a final ingot.
- the development of an ingot may comprise a vacuum elaboration phase of an electrode in an induction furnace followed by a remelting phase according to the slag remelting process (ESR ); different ESR or VAR (vacuum arc reflow remelting) methods can be combined.
- Thermomechanical processes at high temperature allow easy shaping of molded ingots under usual conditions. These processes make it possible to obtain all kinds of semi-finished products with the steel of the invention (plates, bars, blocks, forged or stamped parts, etc.). Good structural homogeneity in the semi-finished products is preferably ensured by means of a heat treatment homogenization between 1200 and 1300 0 C, practiced before and / or during the range of thermomechanical transformations hot, but not after the last hot transformation to avoid that subsequent treatments take place on semi-products too large grain size.
- the products are then dissolved at a temperature between 850 and 95O 0 C, then the parts are cooled rapidly to a final temperature of less than or equal to -75 0 C, uninterrupted below the transformation point Ms, possibly by placing an isothermal quenching stage above Ms.
- T> Ms it is easy to do hot oil quenching at T> Ms. This allows to equalize the temperature in massive pieces and, above all, to avoid quenching taps due to the differential martensitic transformation between the surface of the massive pieces and the warm heart of the pieces.
- the martensitic transformation during the cryogenic passage occurs continuously.
- the temperature is of the order of -80 ° C. when this quenching is carried out in dry ice.
- the maintenance at low temperature is of sufficient duration to ensure complete cooling throughout the thickness of the parts. It typically lasts at least 4 hours at -80 ° C.
- the metal consisting of a ductile martensite and of low hardness, can be optionally cold-formed and then again dissolved in solution. achieve homogeneous properties.
- the final properties of the steel are finally obtained by an aging income at temperatures between 450 and 600 0 C for isothermal holding time of between 4 and 32 hours, depending on the desired characteristics.
- the pair of time and aging temperature variables is chosen by considering the following criteria in the range 450-600 0 C:
- the resistance passes through a maximum for a determined duration, which is called "curing peak"
- Table 1 groups together the compositions of the steels tested.
- the reference samples have compositions which differ from the invention mainly on their too low titanium content (A and C) and / or on their sum Ti + Al too low (A, B, C) or on their point Ms too much low because less than 50 0 C (D).
- Sample C also has a molybdenum content that is too high.
- thermomechanical a 1t electrode (samples A, D, I and J) or 200kg (the others) in a vacuum oven, electrode then remelted in a consumable electrode oven, and underwent the treatments thermomechanical following:
- Table 2 Structural and mechanical characteristics of the steels tested.
- the reference steel D of which only the value of Ms does not correspond to the invention, does not reach the desired level of hardening, whereas its sum Al + Ti satisfies the condition Al + Ti> 2.25. Indeed, it contains 16% residual austenite after the cryogenic treatment.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200630767T SI1896624T1 (sl) | 2005-06-28 | 2006-06-26 | Zlitina nerjavnega martenzitnega jekla, postopek izdelave mehanskega dela iz njega ter iz njega izveden del |
PL06778669T PL1896624T3 (pl) | 2005-06-28 | 2006-06-26 | Skład martenzytecznej stali nierdzewnej, sposób wytwarzania części mechanicznej z tej stali i uzyskana w ten sposób część |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0506591A FR2887558B1 (fr) | 2005-06-28 | 2005-06-28 | Composition d'acier inoxydable martensitique, procede de fabrication d'une piece mecanique a partir de cet acier et piece ainsi obtenue |
PCT/FR2006/001472 WO2007003748A1 (fr) | 2005-06-28 | 2006-06-26 | Composition d'acier inoxydable martensitique, procede de fabrication d'une piece mecanique a partir de cet acier et piece ainsi obtenue |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1896624A1 true EP1896624A1 (fr) | 2008-03-12 |
EP1896624B1 EP1896624B1 (fr) | 2010-08-18 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP06778669A Active EP1896624B1 (fr) | 2005-06-28 | 2006-06-26 | Composition d'acier inoxydable martensitique, procede de fabrication d'une piece mecanique a partir de cet acier et piece ainsi obtenue |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8097098B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1896624B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5243243B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101248205B (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE478165T1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI0613291B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2612718C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602006016281D1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK1896624T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2349785T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2887558B1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL1896624T3 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2415196C2 (fr) |
SI (1) | SI1896624T1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2007003748A1 (fr) |
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EP2722407A3 (fr) * | 2012-10-17 | 2017-10-25 | Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. | Acier martensitique durcissable par précipitation et aube allongée pour turbine de vapeur |
CN109454211A (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-12 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | 电炉冶炼高质量齿轮钢的方法 |
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FR2947565B1 (fr) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-12-23 | Snecma | Traitement cryogenique d'un acier martensitique a durcissement mixte |
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JP6312367B2 (ja) * | 2013-04-05 | 2018-04-18 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 析出硬化系マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼、蒸気タービン動翼および蒸気タービン |
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CN113774288A (zh) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种超高强高性能中厚板马氏体时效不锈钢及其制备方法 |
CN113774281A (zh) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种2000MPa级高塑韧性高耐蚀马氏体时效不锈钢及其制备方法 |
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- 2006-06-26 JP JP2008518910A patent/JP5243243B2/ja active Active
- 2006-06-26 DK DK06778669.9T patent/DK1896624T3/da active
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2722407A3 (fr) * | 2012-10-17 | 2017-10-25 | Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. | Acier martensitique durcissable par précipitation et aube allongée pour turbine de vapeur |
CN109454211A (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-12 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | 电炉冶炼高质量齿轮钢的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2349785T3 (es) | 2011-01-11 |
ATE478165T1 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
JP5243243B2 (ja) | 2013-07-24 |
EP1896624B1 (fr) | 2010-08-18 |
RU2415196C2 (ru) | 2011-03-27 |
CA2612718A1 (fr) | 2007-01-11 |
FR2887558B1 (fr) | 2007-08-17 |
FR2887558A1 (fr) | 2006-12-29 |
BRPI0613291A2 (pt) | 2010-12-28 |
US8097098B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 |
DE602006016281D1 (de) | 2010-09-30 |
RU2008102988A (ru) | 2009-08-10 |
WO2007003748A1 (fr) | 2007-01-11 |
CA2612718C (fr) | 2015-01-06 |
BRPI0613291B1 (pt) | 2014-08-26 |
DK1896624T3 (da) | 2010-09-20 |
CN101248205B (zh) | 2014-05-07 |
PL1896624T3 (pl) | 2010-12-31 |
JP2008546912A (ja) | 2008-12-25 |
SI1896624T1 (sl) | 2010-10-29 |
US20100139817A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
CN101248205A (zh) | 2008-08-20 |
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