EP1888794B1 - Verfahren zum herstellen eines metallbauteils mit aneinander angrenzenden abschnitten unterschiedlicher materialeigenschaften - Google Patents

Verfahren zum herstellen eines metallbauteils mit aneinander angrenzenden abschnitten unterschiedlicher materialeigenschaften Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1888794B1
EP1888794B1 EP06763268A EP06763268A EP1888794B1 EP 1888794 B1 EP1888794 B1 EP 1888794B1 EP 06763268 A EP06763268 A EP 06763268A EP 06763268 A EP06763268 A EP 06763268A EP 1888794 B1 EP1888794 B1 EP 1888794B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet metal
metal element
forming
temperature
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP06763268A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1888794A1 (de
Inventor
Heiko Beenken
Thomas Heller
Franz-Josef Lenze
Sascha Sikora
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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Publication date
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Priority to PL06763268T priority Critical patent/PL1888794T3/pl
Publication of EP1888794A1 publication Critical patent/EP1888794A1/de
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Publication of EP1888794B1 publication Critical patent/EP1888794B1/de
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16Heating or cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673Quenching devices for die quenching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00Treating localised areas of an article
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a metal component with adjoining sections of different material properties.
  • methods of this type are used to produce by press hardening, for example, manganese-boron steels components that have a uniform hardness profile of up to 1,500 MPa. Due to their low ductility remaining after the hardening process, components made of such steels are usually first preformed, then heated to austenitizing temperature and then rapidly cooled in a mold under high pressure. The parts obtained in this way, in addition to their high hardness on a good dimensional stability.
  • a heated to a forming temperature sheet metal element is formed in a forming tool into a final molded component, wherein the forming a tempering device for adjusting the temperature of at least one of his during forming with the sheet metal element coming into contact Sections has in the form of ceramic inserts that delay the cooling of their contacting section, in the form of recesses that reduce the cooling effect or in the form of induction elements with which the respective section can be actively heated so that in the course of Cooling in the respective areas no hardness structure sets.
  • the forming itself should also be as fast as possible in this known method, so that the workpiece does not harden during the deformation.
  • the sheet metal part which is rapidly formed in this way, subsequently remains in the cooled forming tool, so that it is cured only in the already completely deformed state.
  • a patched composite sheet can be hot formed and defined cooled.
  • a uniform cooling As essential for the provided with a brazing composite sheet is considered a uniform cooling. This uniformity is to be achieved by cooling in two stages, with forced cooling to a target temperature of 500 ° C., in order to maintain a solidification point of the brazing alloy and thus the joining of the two sheets.
  • An example of the type of the above-mentioned prior art counting method for press hardening is, for example, from DE 103 41 867 A1 known.
  • this method can be a hardened sheet metal profile in that first an intermediate shape is formed from a sheet metal blank, this sheet metal profile is then heated to hardening temperature and that the heated sheet metal profile is finally selectively cooled in a device similar to a deep drawing tool under the action of a predetermined pressure.
  • the intermediate form produced in the first step of the method already corresponds approximately to the final shape of the component to be produced.
  • the device used for carrying out the known method has channel-like cooling arrangements, which, depending on the heat to be dissipated, are flushed through by oil, water, ice-water or saline solution.
  • the cooling arrangements can be controlled separately from each other to form zones with mutually different degrees of hardness on the finished component.
  • the invention proposes a method for producing a metal component designed according to claim 1.
  • the speed with which the deformation of the respectively processed sheet metal element is carried out in its final shape adjusted so that with the tempered area of the tool, which have a relation to the adjacent sections different temperature within an optimal time for the desired work result with time the separately treated zones of the sheet metal element come into contact and that this contact is maintained under consideration of the other general forming conditions over an equally optimal period of time.
  • a sheet-metal component can be produced which has precisely determined zones with different material properties compared to its other sections.
  • the sheet metal element can be heated to a forming temperature according to the invention, from which it starts with a correspondingly rapid cooling to form hardened structures.
  • the tempering device is designed as a cooling device, which cools its respectively assigned section of the forming tool to such a low temperature that the zone of the sheet metal element in contact with this cooled section is quenched with a speed sufficient for the formation of the desired hardened structure.
  • the invention provided tempering be designed as a heater that holds the portion of the tool that is associated with the less hard zone of the finished sheet metal component at such a high temperature that is maintained at a contact of the sheet with this section, a relatively soft structure.
  • tempering devices If a plurality of tempering devices are present, then specifically cooled and heated sections of the tool can be arranged closely adjacent to one another with the aim of minimizing the spread of areas with undefined mixed structures at the transition between a zone of high hardness and its adjacent surroundings in the finished sheet metal part and thus to produce perfectly precisely defined zones with different material properties in the finished component.
  • the inventively provided coupling of the forming speed of the position and propagation of the generated in the finished component zones of different material properties is in this context of particular importance.
  • the forming speed can be selected according to the invention such that the zone in question comes into contact with the strongly cooled section of the tool as quickly as possible.
  • the forming speed is reduced, for example, when a particular zone of the component is to cool particularly slowly in order to produce a softer microstructure there.
  • all sheet metal elements made of metal materials are suitable for the application of the method according to the invention, the structure of which changes when heated or cooled.
  • the method according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for sheet metal elements which consist of steel.
  • the advantages of the invention can be used particularly targeted.
  • the sheet metal element used as the starting material in the method according to the invention is a flat sheet metal blank.
  • the heated sheet metal element is finished, for example, finished in the form of a deep-drawing process in the forming tool.
  • the targeted, locally limited cooling or heating treatment of the zones of the sheet metal element in which the special properties are to be generated takes place in the forming tool.
  • a further advantage of the procedure according to the invention is that they are particularly suitable for processing sheet metal elements having regions of different thickness.
  • the invention allows the formation of the desired, localized zones with certain material properties, which allow the forming speed and the respective temperature of the tool to adapt to the non-uniform thickness of the sheet metal element, that an optimal work result is obtained.
  • This has a particularly advantageous effect when the sheet metal element is composed of different, materially joined together, in particular by welding, sheet metal pieces.
  • Such sheet metal elements are commonly referred to as "tailored blanks". They are composed, for example, of pieces of sheet metal whose thickness or material properties, such as hardness and toughness, are adapted to the stresses to which the product produced from the tailored blank is exposed in practical use.
  • the forming tool can be any type of tool which, taking into account the respective shaping of the component to be produced, is suitable for exerting the required forming and pressing forces on the respective deformed sheet metal element. Suitable for this purpose In particular, such forming tools, which have a die and an adjustable for forming in the die stamp.
  • the inventive method is particularly suitable for the production of body parts that are exposed to changing loads in practical use.
  • spring strut receptacles can be produced particularly well, in which, for example, high strengths are required in the region of the strut tower, while higher extensibilities are required in the region of the flanks of the receptacles.
  • a purely martensitic, particularly firm structure can be specifically produced in the region of the spring strut dome by rapidly cooling this region during the forming process according to the invention and at a high cooling rate.
  • Another particularly advantageous application of the method according to the invention is the production of crash-relevant vehicle components which, in the event of a collision, must have a high energy absorption capacity and at the same time optimum strength.
  • the invention makes it possible by targeted heating of the forming tool in certain sections in the finished component to form zones in which particularly high residual strains are ensured.
  • the forming tool 1 is designed in the manner of a deep-drawing device and has a stationarily arranged die 2. In the die 2, a recess 3 is formed, which images the outer shape of the produced, forming a profile component B.
  • the forming tool 1 comprises a punch 4, which determines the inner shape of the component B to be produced.
  • the punch 4 can by means of an adjusting device, not shown, from a remote from the die 2 starting position ( Fig. 1 ) are moved into its end position in which it is fully retracted into the recess 3 of the die 2 ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the adjusting device comprises a control device that the Speed at which the punch 4 enters the recess 3 of the die 2, controlled.
  • the punch 4 has a trapezoidal in cross-section basic shape with an end face 5 and obliquely to the end face 5 tapered side surfaces 6,7.
  • the stamp 4 is carried by an integrally connected thereto carrier 8, the lateral edge portions 9,10 are in the manner of a collar laterally beyond the side surfaces 6,7 of the punch 4 at the upper edge.
  • the lower edge surfaces 11,12 of the edge regions 9,10 are connected in a horizontal orientation to the side surfaces 6,7 of the punch 4.
  • not preformed sheet metal elements E are processed in the embodiment described here, which are in the manner of tailored blanks of two welded together, consisting of a steel material sheet metal parts T1, T2 assembled.
  • the first sheet metal part 1 is thinner than the second sheet metal part T2 for weight savings.
  • cooling channels 13 are introduced into the stamp.
  • the cooling channels 13 are part of a further not shown as a cooling device first tempering. Depending on the respectively required degree of cooling, the cooling channels 13 are traversed by water, ice-water, a frozen salt solution, liquid nitrogen or another cooling medium which is suitable for the rapid removal of large amounts of heat.
  • channels 16 of a third tempering device is formed, which is also not shown here in detail further. Through the channels 16 of the tempering a cooling oil is promoted, which causes a moderate cooling of the die in this area.
  • the sheet metal element E is first heated to austenitizing temperature in an oven, not shown here. Subsequently, the sheet metal element E is placed in the forming tool 1, so that it lies with its edge on the upper side of the die 2. If this is necessary for the further deformation of the sheet metal element E carried out in the forming tool 1, hold-downs, not shown, are now used, which hold down the sheet metal elements E in its edge region during the subsequent forming.
  • the Nierdehaltekraft exerted by the holddown can be adjusted depending on the particular deformation rate, to allow an optimized Nachfie filed the material of the sheet metal element 4 in the recess 3.
  • the punch 4 is placed on the sheet metal element 4 at a high speed, so that the strongly cooled end face 5 of the punch 4 quickly comes into intensive contact with its associated surface portion E1 of the sheet metal element E.
  • the sheet metal element E is quenched in this way in its section E1 so fast that there forms a zone with a hardness which is higher than the hardness of the other, adjacent to the section E1 sections E2 and E3 of the sheet metal element E.
  • the feed of the punch 4 is reduced in order not to cause cooling, in particular in the sections E2 and E3, which could lead to the formation of hardened structures.
  • the feed of the punch 4 is reduced in order not to cause cooling, in particular in the sections E2 and E3, which could lead to the formation of hardened structures.
  • only a reduced heat dissipation via the punch 4 takes place, so that a softer, tougher structure is retained in the regions of the sheet metal element E which comes into contact with this region of the punch 4.
  • the areas which are cooled only moderately cooled side surfaces via the cooling oil flowing through the channels 16 in the deformation in the section E2 of the sheet metal element E forms a zone in which the hardened portion E1 gradually merges into a softer, more compliant zone of the finished component B.
  • the punch 4 After the punch 4 has fully retracted into the receptacle 3 of the die 2 and there pressed the sheet metal element 4 so finished that it has adopted the final shape of the manufactured component B, the punch moves 4 back to its original position. Due to the fact that the sheet metal element E has contracted as a result of cooling, the finished component B is still held on the punch 4, so that it can be easily removed from the die 2 and then separated from the punch 4.
  • the component B produced in this way by forming the sheet metal element E has a first zone Z1 with a hardness which is higher than the hardness of the adjacent zones Z2 and Z3 of the component B.
  • the zone Z3 is followed by a zone Z4 of markedly lower hardness, however higher extensibility.
  • This zone Z4 corresponds to the region of the sheet metal element E, which has been cooled during the forming in the region of the heating coils 14 only to a small extent.
  • the zone Z2 corresponds to the region of the sheet metal element E, which has been cooled only moderately during the forming in the region of the side surface 15 of the die 2 and accordingly has an average hardness.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
EP06763268A 2005-05-30 2006-05-24 Verfahren zum herstellen eines metallbauteils mit aneinander angrenzenden abschnitten unterschiedlicher materialeigenschaften Active EP1888794B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL06763268T PL1888794T3 (pl) 2005-05-30 2006-05-24 Sposób wytwarzania metalowego elementu konstrukcyjnego z przylegającymi do siebie odcinkami o różnych właściwościach materiałowych

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005025026A DE102005025026B3 (de) 2005-05-30 2005-05-30 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Metallbauteils mit aneinander angrenzenden Abschnitten unterschiedlicher Materialeigenschaften
PCT/EP2006/062579 WO2006128821A1 (de) 2005-05-30 2006-05-24 Verfahren zum herstellen eines metallbauteils mit aneinander angrenzenden abschnitten unterschiedlicher materialeigenschaften, mittels presshärten

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1888794A1 EP1888794A1 (de) 2008-02-20
EP1888794B1 true EP1888794B1 (de) 2012-05-16

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EP06763268A Active EP1888794B1 (de) 2005-05-30 2006-05-24 Verfahren zum herstellen eines metallbauteils mit aneinander angrenzenden abschnitten unterschiedlicher materialeigenschaften

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US8118954B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP1888794B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP5568235B2 (enExample)
CN (2) CN103382518B (enExample)
BR (1) BRPI0610872B1 (enExample)
CA (1) CA2610378C (enExample)
DE (1) DE102005025026B3 (enExample)
ES (1) ES2385579T3 (enExample)
PL (1) PL1888794T3 (enExample)
PT (1) PT1888794E (enExample)
WO (1) WO2006128821A1 (enExample)

Cited By (2)

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CN106232255A (zh) * 2014-07-18 2016-12-14 宝马股份公司 用于制造热成形构件的模具
DE102023121542A1 (de) 2023-08-11 2025-02-13 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Maßgeschneidertes Halbzeug und äußere Seitenwandverstärkung

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CN101189350A (zh) 2008-05-28
CN103382518B (zh) 2015-10-21
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CA2610378A1 (en) 2006-12-07
PL1888794T3 (pl) 2012-09-28
JP2008542031A (ja) 2008-11-27
US20080196800A1 (en) 2008-08-21
BRPI0610872B1 (pt) 2018-02-27
CA2610378C (en) 2013-06-18
PT1888794E (pt) 2012-07-12
WO2006128821A1 (de) 2006-12-07
US8118954B2 (en) 2012-02-21
CN103382518A (zh) 2013-11-06
JP5568235B2 (ja) 2014-08-06
ES2385579T3 (es) 2012-07-26
BRPI0610872A2 (pt) 2010-08-03

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