EP1879834A1 - Utilisation de polysaccharides pour eliminer les metaux lourds contenus sous la forme d'anions dans les eaux - Google Patents
Utilisation de polysaccharides pour eliminer les metaux lourds contenus sous la forme d'anions dans les eauxInfo
- Publication number
- EP1879834A1 EP1879834A1 EP06755442A EP06755442A EP1879834A1 EP 1879834 A1 EP1879834 A1 EP 1879834A1 EP 06755442 A EP06755442 A EP 06755442A EP 06755442 A EP06755442 A EP 06755442A EP 1879834 A1 EP1879834 A1 EP 1879834A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- use according
- polysaccharide
- starch
- cationic
- groups
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
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- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920001938 Vegetable gum Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- PUVAFTRIIUSGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1CO1 PUVAFTRIIUSGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/12—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J41/16—Cellulose or wood; Derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/262—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5263—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using natural chemical compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
- C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B31/00—Preparation of derivatives of starch
- C08B31/003—Crosslinking of starch
- C08B31/006—Crosslinking of derivatives of starch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/28—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/10—Esters of organic acids, i.e. acylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/04—Starch derivatives, e.g. crosslinked derivatives
- C08L3/06—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/10—Esters of organic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2303/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08J2303/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2303/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08J2303/04—Starch derivatives
- C08J2303/06—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2305/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 or C08J2303/00
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of water treatment, in particular to the elimination of metals present in the form of anions in water and more particularly to the elimination of arsenic contained in natural, industrial and waste water. .
- arsenic comes from the dissolution of arsenic As (III) or As (V) present in the rocks surrounding the groundwater.
- concentration of arsenic present in natural waters can reach values of a few hundred ⁇ g / l.
- One of the aims of the present invention is therefore to find a means of eliminating metals such as arsenic which may in particular make it possible to obtain a retention greater than the means known hitherto.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a means of removing metals such as arsenic from water which is inexpensive in terms of investment and exploitation.
- the Applicant has discovered a means of purifying the water by a simple method meeting the objectives described above, which consists in bringing the water to be purified into contact with a polysaccharide that is particularly well suited.
- the first object of the invention is therefore the use of a composition comprising at least one polysaccharide for purifying a water loaded with metals.
- the metals to be removed are chosen from the group consisting of arsenic, antimony, tin, vanadium and germanium. , molybdenum and tungsten. More preferably the use of the invention is applied to the removal of arsenic.
- the polysaccharide is chosen from the group comprising cellulose, starches and vegetable gums.
- the cellulose may be of any origin, for example of plant, bacterial, animal, fungal or amoebic origin, preferably plant, bacterial or animal origin.
- vegetable sources of cellulose include wood, cotton, flax, ramie, certain algae, jute, waste from the food industry or the like.
- animal sources of cellulose include animals from the tunicate family.
- the starch may be selected from wheat starch, potato starch, corn starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca starch, cassava starch, starch sago, rice starch, glutinous corn starch, waxy maize starch, high amylose corn starch or mixtures thereof.
- the starch can be used as it is or after having undergone pretreatment pre-gelatinization such as cooking with hot water or steam.
- Preferably the starch is corn, wheat or potato.
- natural flour rich in starch can also be used, such as cereal flour such as wheat, corn, or potato starch.
- starch used hereinafter refers to purified starches as well as natural flours.
- glucomannans such as Konjac, xyloglucans such as Tamarind gum, galactomannans such as guar, carob, tara, fenugreek or "mesquite” gum, or gum arabic, or mixtures thereof.
- galactomannans and in particular guars are preferred.
- vegetable gum used subsequently refers to both purified vegetable gums and natural flours.
- the polysaccharide is optionally modified to improve its affinity for the metals to be eliminated, and thus improve its ability to capture these metals on the one hand and make it insoluble on the other hand which allows the separate more easily from the liquid solution to be treated.
- These modifications intended to improve the affinity of the polysaccharide and to make it insoluble can be carried out separately and in the order that is desired. It may also be possible to make these changes simultaneously.
- cationizable groups groups which can be made cationic depending on the pH of the medium. (Preferred pH: for example pH> 9 for tertiary amine functions).
- cationic or cationizable groups there may be mentioned groups comprising quaternary ammoniums or primary, secondary or tertiary amines, pyridiniums, guanidiniums, phosphoniums or sulfoniums.
- the cationic modified polysaccharides used in the invention can be obtained by customarily reacting the polysaccharide raw materials mentioned above.
- the introduction of cationic or cationizable groups into the polysaccharide may be carried out by a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
- the adapted reagent used may be:
- an epoxide carrying a quaternary ammonium such as 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, sold in particular under the name QUAB 151 by the company Degussa, or analogous compounds;
- the introduction of cationic or cationizable groups into the polysaccharide can be carried out by esterification with amino acids such as, for example, glycine, lysine, arginine, 6-aminocaproic acid or with quaternized amino acid derivatives. such as, for example, betaine hydrochloride.
- the introduction of cationic or cationizable groups into the polysaccharide can also be carried out by a radical polymerization comprising the grafting of monomers comprising at least one cationic or cationizable group on the polysaccharide.
- Radical priming can be carried out using cerium as described in the European Polymer Journal publication vol. 12, p535-541, 1976. Radical priming can also be carried out by ionizing radiation and in particular by bombardment. electron beam.
- the monomers comprising at least one cationic or cationizable group used to carry out this radical polymerization may be by for example monomers comprising at least one ethylenic unsaturation and at least one quaternary or quaternizable nitrogen atom by adjusting the pH.
- n ⁇ represents a CI ion ⁇ , Br ⁇ , ⁇ I, SO 4 2 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ CO 3, CH 3 -OSO 3 0, ⁇ 0H or CH 3 -CH 2 -OSO 3 0, -
- R 1 to R 5 are identical or different represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a benzyl radical or an H atom, and
- n 1 or 2
- X represents a group -NH or an oxygen atom O
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 5 represents an alkene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 which are identical or different, represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
- - B N ⁇ represents a CI ion ⁇ , Br ⁇ , I ⁇ , SO 4 2 ⁇ , CO 3 2 ⁇ , CH 3 -OSO 3 0 , OH ⁇ or CH 3 - CH 2 -OSO 3 0 , and
- n 1 or 2
- - C N ⁇ represents a CI ® , Br ⁇ , I ⁇ , SO 4 2 ⁇ , CO 3 20 , CH 3 -OSO 3 0 , 0H ⁇ or CH 3 - CH 2 -OSO 3 0 , and - n is 1 or 2 , or
- - D represents a CI ion n ⁇ ® ⁇ Br, I 0, SO 4 20 2 ⁇ CO 3, CH 3 -OSO 3 0, 0 OH or CH 3 - CH 2 -OSO 3 0, and - n is 1 or 2.
- the monomers comprising at least one ethylenic unsaturation and at least one quaternary or quaternizable nitrogen atom are chosen from: 2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (ADAM), quaternized 2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (ADAM-Quat), 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (MADAM), quaternized 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (MADAM-Quat), quaternized 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate chloride form, especially called pleximon 735 or TMAE MC 80 by Rohm, diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), trimethyl ammonium propyl methacrylamide chloride form, especially called MAPTAC, or mixtures thereof.
- ADAM 2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate
- ADAM-Quat 2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate
- the cationic modified polysaccharide may contain cationic or cationizable units resulting from a chemical transformation after polymerization of monomers precursors of cationic or cationizable functions.
- cationic or cationizable units resulting from a chemical transformation after polymerization of monomers precursors of cationic or cationizable functions.
- Cationic or cationizable units are associated with negatively charged counterions.
- counterions can be chosen from chloride ions, bromides, iodides, fluorides, sulfates, methylsulfates, phosphates, hydrogenphosphates, phosphonates, carbonates, hydrogenocarbonates, or hydroxides.
- counter-ions selected from hydrogenophosphates, methylsulfates, hydroxides and chlorides are used.
- the degree of substitution of the cationic modified polysaccharides used in the invention is at least 0.01 and preferably at least 0.1. If the degree of substitution is less than 0.01, the efficiency of carrying out the removal is reduced. If the degree of substitution exceeds 0.1, the polysaccharide inevitably swells in the liquid. In order to use a modified polysaccharide substituted at a level greater than 0.1, it is preferable to modify it to make it insoluble. These changes are described later.
- the degree of substitution of the cationic modified polysaccharide corresponds to the average number of cationic charges per sugar unit.
- hydrophilic groups that can be introduced include in particular one or more saccharide or oligosaccharide residues, one or more ethoxy groups, one or more hydroxyethyl groups or an oligoethylene oxide.
- hydrophobic groups which can be introduced include an alkyl group, aryl, phenyl, benzyl, acetyl, hydroxybutyl, hydroxypropyl or their mixture.
- alkyl or aryl or acetyl radical preferentially means radicals alkyl or aryl or acetyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the degree of substitution of the modified vegetable gums with hydrophilic or hydrophobic uncharged groups used in the invention is at least 0.01 and preferably at least 0.1.
- the degree of substitution of the modified polysaccharide with hydrophilic or hydrophobic non-charged groups corresponds to the average number of hydrophilic or hydrophobic non-charged groups per sugar unit.
- a chemical crosslinking of the polysaccharide is used to render it insoluble.
- the chemical crosslinking of the polysaccharide can be obtained by the action of a crosslinking agent chosen from formaldehyde, glyoxal, halohydrins such as epichlorohydrin or epibromohydrin, phosphorus oxychloride, polyphosphates, diisocyanates, bi-ethylene urea, polyacids such as adipic acid, citric acid, acrolein and the like.
- the chemical crosslinking of the polysaccharide can also be obtained by the action of a metal complexing agent such as, for example, zirconium (IV) or sodium tetraborate.
- the chemical crosslinking of the polysaccharide can also be obtained under the effect of ionizing radiation.
- the level of insolubilization of the polysaccharide is satisfactory when the mass fraction of organic soluble in the polysaccharide is less than 10%.
- the modifications intended to improve the polysaccharide affinity for the metals, and the modifications intended to make it insoluble can be carried out separately and in the order that is desired. It may also be possible to make these changes simultaneously.
- Epichlorohydrin generates in-situ a reagent carrying a quaternary ammonium which will allow to make the cationic polysaccharide on the one hand.
- the excess epichlorohydrin makes it possible to crosslink the polysaccharide.
- the optionally modified and optionally insoluble polysaccharide of the invention may be used in the form of a powder or may be shaped into granules.
- the crosslinking chemical reaction can be used to obtain insoluble granules.
- the optionally modified starches may be shaped by granulation during the crosslinking reaction in order to obtain insoluble particles of the order of one millimeter (for example between 200 ⁇ m and 5 mm), which makes it possible to remove them easily from the medium to be treated.
- these granulated products have the advantage of being used in column, in the same way as the exchange resins, thus offering a large exchange surface while limiting the pressure drop.
- Example of preparation of a starch according to the invention synthesis of an insolubilized cationic starch (starch A).
- a solution of 23 grams of sodium hydroxide in pellet is added in 60 ml of demineralized water and the stirring is started again at 100 revolutions per minute.
- the dough breaks up and disperses in the liquid.
- the reaction medium is heated to 65 ° C. Once at this temperature, 90 ml of Quab 188 (69% chlorohydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride in water sold by Degussa AG) are added dropwise over 30 minutes. .
- the addition is complete, the reactor is maintained at a temperature of 60 ° C. with stirring for 2 hours. Stirring is then stopped and allowed to cool to room temperature. It is kept at rest for 2 hours to decant the solid.
- the supernatant is removed by suction using a cane with filter tip, then reintroduced 600 ml of demineralized water into the reactor.
- the solid + liquid mixture is then filtered on No. 3 frit.
- the cake is taken up in a liter of demineralised water heated at 70 ° C. with vigorous stirring for 2 hours, at the end of which the stirring is stopped and decanted.
- the supernatant is removed by suction using a filter nozzle cane.
- the washing operation by redispersion in 1 liter of demineralized water, decantation and removal of the supernatant is repeated 4 times with cold water. At the end of the last washing, the decanting solid is separated and then frozen and dried by lyophilization.
- the arsenic assays are performed by ICP / MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma / Mass Spectrometer) with an uncertainty of 10%.
- the samples to be analyzed are acidified immediately with nitric acid after collection and then stored in the refrigerator in polyethylene bottles.
- An arsenic stock solution (V) of concentration 500 mg / l is prepared from arsenic oxide As 2 O 5 . Girls solutions, with a concentration ranging from 1 to 50 mg of As / l, are prepared just before use by dilution of the stock solution.
- the starch A is injected into a 150 ml pyrex beaker at 100 ml of the solution to be treated.
- the pH of the suspensions is adjusted to pH 7 with concentrated NaOH and HCl solutions.
- the supernatants of the suspensions are recovered by filtration for determination of their residual arsenic content.
- This test demonstrates the effectiveness of crosslinked cationic starch to remove As (V) at neutral pH and at a temperature of 7 ° C. Furthermore, it can be noted that the product has a maximum adsorption capacity of the order of 40 mg of As / gram of solid.
- EXAMPLE 2 This test is carried out on natural water from the Rennes region, which has been clarified by a coagulation / flocculation treatment, and which we then doped with arsenic (V) at a level of 100 ⁇ g of As (V) / liter using an AS 2 O 5 arsenic oxide solution.
- the dosage of natural organic materials is carried out by u.v. spectrophotometry. at 254 nm with a Shimadzu UV-160 model 204-04550.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0504295A FR2885125B1 (fr) | 2005-04-28 | 2005-04-28 | Utilisation de polysaccharides pour eliminer les metaux lourds contenus sous la forme d'anions dans les eaux |
| PCT/FR2006/000889 WO2006114501A1 (fr) | 2005-04-28 | 2006-04-21 | Utilisation de polysaccharides pour eliminer les metaux lourds contenus sous la forme d'anions dans les eaux |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1879834A1 true EP1879834A1 (fr) | 2008-01-23 |
Family
ID=35064701
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06755442A Withdrawn EP1879834A1 (fr) | 2005-04-28 | 2006-04-21 | Utilisation de polysaccharides pour eliminer les metaux lourds contenus sous la forme d'anions dans les eaux |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090272693A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1879834A1 (fr) |
| KR (2) | KR20070116274A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101166694A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2607452A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2885125B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006114501A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100213123A1 (en) | 2007-01-09 | 2010-08-26 | Marston Peter G | Ballasted sequencing batch reactor system and method for treating wastewater |
| US20110036771A1 (en) | 2007-01-09 | 2011-02-17 | Steven Woodard | Ballasted anaerobic system and method for treating wastewater |
| EP2107947B1 (fr) | 2007-01-09 | 2016-03-16 | Evoqua Water Technologies LLC | Système et procédé d'élimination de contaminants dissous, de contaminants particulaires et de contaminants huileux des eaux usées industrielles |
| US8470172B2 (en) | 2007-01-09 | 2013-06-25 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | System for enhancing a wastewater treatment process |
| GB2463115B (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2013-04-10 | Schlumberger Holdings | Assemblies for the purification of a reservoir or process fluid |
| GB2463280B (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2011-02-02 | Schlumberger Holdings | Electro-chemical sensor |
| CN101579071B (zh) * | 2009-05-18 | 2012-09-05 | 北京雷力农用化学有限公司 | 一种从海藻提取物中除去砷的方法 |
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| ATE483480T1 (de) * | 1998-12-16 | 2010-10-15 | Tno | Saure superabsorbierende polysaccharide |
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| US6827874B2 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2004-12-07 | The Procter & Gamble Co. | Water treatment compositions |
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- 2005-04-28 FR FR0504295A patent/FR2885125B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-04-21 KR KR1020077024822A patent/KR20070116274A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2006-04-21 KR KR1020117003656A patent/KR20110031390A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2006-04-21 US US11/919,338 patent/US20090272693A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-04-21 CA CA002607452A patent/CA2607452A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2006-04-21 WO PCT/FR2006/000889 patent/WO2006114501A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-04-21 EP EP06755442A patent/EP1879834A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-04-21 CN CNA2006800145381A patent/CN101166694A/zh active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| CRINI G: "Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment", PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE, PERGAMON PRESS, OXFORD, GB, vol. 30, no. 1, 1 January 2005 (2005-01-01), pages 38 - 70, XP004745821, ISSN: 0079-6700, DOI: 10.1016/J.PROGPOLYMSCI.2004.11.002 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20110031390A (ko) | 2011-03-25 |
| CN101166694A (zh) | 2008-04-23 |
| WO2006114501A1 (fr) | 2006-11-02 |
| FR2885125A1 (fr) | 2006-11-03 |
| CA2607452A1 (fr) | 2006-11-02 |
| US20090272693A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
| FR2885125B1 (fr) | 2007-11-09 |
| KR20070116274A (ko) | 2007-12-07 |
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