EP1847503A1 - Ascenseur et poulie d'ascenseur - Google Patents

Ascenseur et poulie d'ascenseur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1847503A1
EP1847503A1 EP07008115A EP07008115A EP1847503A1 EP 1847503 A1 EP1847503 A1 EP 1847503A1 EP 07008115 A EP07008115 A EP 07008115A EP 07008115 A EP07008115 A EP 07008115A EP 1847503 A1 EP1847503 A1 EP 1847503A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheave
groove
rope
resin
elevator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07008115A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Taichi Maeda
Masaki Ariga
Tomio Hayano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Publication of EP1847503A1 publication Critical patent/EP1847503A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B15/00—Main component parts of mining-hoist winding devices
    • B66B15/02—Rope or cable carriers
    • B66B15/04—Friction sheaves; "Koepe" pulleys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an elevator where a car is driven by rotating a sheave around which a rope connected to the car is wound, and is directed to the sheave. More specifically, the present invention is concerned with a technique for stabilizing a friction coefficient between a rope and a sheave in an elevator, and for reducing a wear amount of the rope appropriately.
  • a wire rope that is wound around a sheave mounted on a machine has one end connected to a car, and the other end connected to a counter weight. Further, the counter weight and the car are kept balanced.
  • the car that is hung from the sheave by the rope moves by means of a frictional force between the rope and the sheave.
  • a friction coefficient between the rope and the sheave needs to be stable and to be high enough to drive the car.
  • a steel wire rope for elevators is composed of twisted steel element wires and a core made of greased hemp.
  • a resin-covered rope composed of twisted steel element wires or a synthetic fiber rope is used, because they are light in weight, and have high corrosion resistance and high durability.
  • a resin-covered rope or a synthetic fiber rope is softer and more flexible than metal, the pressure from the rope to a sheave can be lowered.
  • Japanese Patent Translation Publication No. 2003-512269 discloses the following techniques.
  • the sheave In order to transmit traction or driving power from a sheave to a rope in an elevator appropriately, the sheave needs to have roughness of 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m on its circumferential surface.
  • the circumferential surface of the sheave needs to be coated with hard corrosion-resistant material.
  • the surface roughness of grooves in the sheave is on the order of several micro meters, a lot of foreign matters such as oil may be adhered to the grooves, and cover them. In this case, the friction coefficient between the grooves and a rope is reduced excessively.
  • the friction coefficient is not strongly affected by foreign matters.
  • the resin rope is more like to be worn, because resin is softer than metal.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an elevator where a friction coefficient between the rope and a sheave is kept stable, so that traction is transmitted from the sheave to the rope appropriately, even when a resin-coated or synthetic fiber rope sensitive to foreign matters is used.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to present an elevator in which a rope is less prone to be worn.
  • an elevator including a car, a rope being connected to the car, and a sheave around which the rope is wound rotates to thereby travel the car.
  • the rope is a resin-covered wire rope being formed by twisting a plurality of steel wires and by coating the twisted wires with resin.
  • the sheave is provided with at least one groove having a surface of which arithmetic mean deviation of the profile Ra ranges from 4 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m in longitudinal and width directions of the groove. Further, a ratio of Zva to Zpa falls within a range from 1.5 to 2.0, where Zva indicates an average of depths of lower parts on the surface of the groove, and Zpa indicates an average of heights of higher parts thereon.
  • an elevator including a car, a resin-covered wire rope being connected to the car, and a sheave around which the rope is wound rotates to thereby travel the car.
  • the sheave is provided with at least one groove which is formed by including the steps of projecting indefinite-polygonal or spherical particles to a surface of the groove along a normal line with respect to a circumferential surface of the sheave, and/or projecting indefinite-polygonal or spherical particles to the surface of the groove along a tangent line with respect to the circumferential surface of the sheave.
  • the friction coefficient between the rope and the sheave is kept stable, so that traction is transmitted from the sheave to the rope appropriately.
  • a resin-covered wire rope which is light in weight and has high corrosion resistance and high durability, is applicable to the elevator of the present invention. This makes it possible to prolong the lifetime of the rope, so that the frequency of exchanging ropes decreases. As a result, the elevator is easy to be maintained, thus leading to the reduction in maintenance costs.
  • a reference numeral 1 denotes a car for carrying some passengers.
  • This car 1 is connected to a rope 2, and this rope 2 is wound around a sheave 4 mounted on a machine 3. Further, the rope 2 passes through a beam pully 5 and is coupled to a counter weight 6.
  • a guide rail 7 is installed vertically, and it is sandwiched by guide shoes 8 attached to the car 1.
  • the sheave has three grooves 9 for setting the rope.
  • the surface of each groove shown in Fig. 3 is finished by a process by which abrasive grains are projected to the surface, such as the shotblast process. In this way, the surface' s arithmetic mean deviation of the profile Ra is set 4 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing a measurement result of the friction coefficient between a rope and a sheave.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing a measurement result of the wear amount of a rope. Note that this wear amount is indicated by a relative value where the wear amount at the Ra of 1 ⁇ m is set "1."
  • the resin of the rope is worn by sliding the resin-covered wire rope along a metal sheave.
  • the mode of such wear between metal and resin is classified into two types; one is adhesive wear where a part of the resin is adhered to the metal, and the other is abrasive wear where the projections of the metal grind the resin.
  • the adhesive wear is dominant within a region where the Ra of the groove in the sheave is equal to/less than 10 ⁇ m. As the Ra is larger in this region, the wear amount increases gradually. Meanwhile, when the Ra of the groove is more than 10 ⁇ m, the abrasive wear is dominant. As the Ra is larger, the wear amount increases rapidly.
  • the Ra of the groove in the sheave needs to be set equal to/less than 10 ⁇ m.
  • Figs. 6A and 6B show a roughness profile of a groove of a sheave.
  • a dashed line is an average line of a roughness profile, and the parts of the profile above the average line are called “higher portions,” while the parts of the profile below the average line are called “lower portions. "
  • the average value Zpa is nearly equal to the average value Zva.
  • Zva is greater than Zpa.
  • the average value Zpa is obtained by summing the heights of the respective higher portions (Zp1 to Zpn) on the roughness profile of the groove in a sheave, and by dividing the sum by the numbers of the higher portions.
  • the average value Zva is obtained by summing the depths of the respective lower portions (Zv1 to Zvm) on the roughness profile, and by dividing the sum by the numbers of the lower portions.
  • the groove of Fig. 6A is formed by projecting indefinite-polygonal abrasive grains, of which diameter is about 450 ⁇ m, to the surface of the groove along a normal line of the surface.
  • the Ra of the groove is finished to 6.0 ⁇ m.
  • the groove of Fig 6B is formed by the following two steps. First, indefinite-polygonal abrasive grains having a diameter of about 1500 ⁇ m are projected to the surface of the groove along a normal line of the surface. Subsequently, indefinite-polygonal abrasive grains having a diameter of about 110 ⁇ m are projected to the surface of the groove along the tangent line of the surface. As a result, the Ra of the groove is finished to 6.0 ⁇ m.
  • the surface of the groove shown in Fig. 6B differs from that of Fig. 6A in that the tips of the higher portions are cut away by the projection along the tangent line.
  • each abrasive grain may be 100 ⁇ m to 1700 ⁇ m.
  • the diameter of each abrasive grain to be projected along the normal line and the tangent line is 400 ⁇ m to 1700 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m, respectively.
  • the diameter of abrasive grains to be projected along the tangent line is smaller than that to be projected along the normal line.
  • the friction coefficient between a clean rope and a clean sheave is represented by " ⁇ a,” while the friction coefficient between an oiled rope and an oiled sheave is represented by " ⁇ b.”
  • the ratio of ⁇ a to ⁇ b is about as low as 1.2.
  • the friction coefficient is almost constant. This is because the puddles of oil tend to be made on the surface of the groove. Therefore, even if the rope and the sheave are oiled, the friction coefficient is scarcely lowered.
  • the ratio of Zva to Zpa is more than 2.0, the puddles of oil do not tend to be made. Accordingly, oil stays a contact surface between the rope and the sheave. This may cause the decrease in the friction coefficient when the rope and the sheave are oiled, that is, the increase in the ratio of ⁇ a to ⁇ b.
  • a relative wear amount of a rope is indicated by a relative value where the wear amount at the Zva/Zpa of 3.0 is set "1.”
  • the wear amount of the rope has a large value. This is attributed to the relatively sharp projections on surface of a groove. In contrast, within a region where the ratio of Zva to Zpa is more than 1.5, the wear amount is of a small value, because the projections on surface of the groove are relatively dull.
  • FIGs. 9A and 9B A process of setting a ratio of Zva to Zpa to be within the range of 1.5 to 2.0 is illustrated in Figs. 9A and 9B.
  • indefinite polygonal or spherical particles 10 are projected to the groove 9 of the sheave 4 along a normal line with respect to the circumferential surface of the sheave 4.
  • the indefinite polygonal or spherical particles 10 are projected to the groove 9 in the sheave 4 along a tangent line with respect to the circumferential surface of the sheave 4. Consequently, the tips of projections of the groove 9 are cut away.
  • Fig. 10 is a graph showing an FFT (fast Fourier transform) analysis of the surface of the groove 9 shown in Figs. 6A and 6B.
  • the window function of the FFT is the Hanning of which side lobes sharply fall in order to obtain a wide dynamic range of the measurement.
  • the resulting values that have been subjected to the FFT are considered to form a sound wave. Accordingly, the amplitude of the sound wave is determined using one-third octave-band center frequency. Then, based on the inverse of the frequency, the wavelength is determined.
  • an example 3-2 is prepared by the following process. Indefinite-polygonal abrasive grains having a diameter of 400 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m are projected to the surface of groove of the sheave along a normal line with respect to the circumferential surface of the sheave. Subsequently, indefinite-polygonal abrasive grains having a diameter of 400 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m are projected to the surface of groove of the sheave along a tangent line with respect to the circumferential surface of sheave. As a result, the Ra of the groove is finished to about 4.0 ⁇ m.
  • the following table 1 is a chart showing respective working processes of the examples 3-1 and 3-2 and the comparative example 3-1, and the Ras thereof.
  • TABLE 1 WORKING PROCESS RA ( ⁇ m)
  • EXAMPLE 3-1 PROJECTION OF ABRASIVE GRAINS (ALONG NORMAL AND TANGENT LINES) 6.0
  • EXAMPLE 3-2 PROJECTION OF ABRASIVE GRAINS (ALONG NORMAL AND TANGENT LINES) 4.0 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3-1 PROJECTION OF ABRASIVE GRAINS (ALONG NORMAL LINE) 6.0
  • the diameter of abrasive grains is 400 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m
  • Fig. 11 is a histogram showing a wear test of respective ropes in the comparative example and the examples of Fig. 10.
  • the vertical line of this graph designates a relative wear amount of each example on the condition that the wear amount of the example 3-1 is set "1.”
  • the graph indicates that the comparative example 3-1 exhibits a larger wear amount than those of examples 3-1 and 3-2.
  • the graph teaches even if the Ras of individual grooves are substantially the same, if the amplitudes at each wavelength component are different, then the wear amounts of their ropes differ.
  • Fig. 12 is a graph showing an FFT-analyzed result of surfaces of the grooves in sheaves in the case where the projection conditions of abrasive grains change.
  • the example 3-4 exhibits larger amplitudes than those of the example 3-3 within a region where the wavelength components are shorter than 70 ⁇ m.
  • both examples are subjected to the wear test, their wear amounts are almost the same.
  • this result teaches that the amplitude at the wavelength less than 70 ⁇ m hardly have an influence on the wear amount. This is because the wavelength less than 70 ⁇ m are deemed to be so short that the projections of the sheave, which correspond to this short wavelength, are hardly engaged in the resin on the rope.
  • Fig. 13 is an additional graph showing an FFT-analyzed result of surfaces of the grooves in the case where the projection conditions of abrasive grains are changed.
  • the example 3-5 exhibit larger amplitudes than those of example 3-6 at the wavelength components more than 140 ⁇ m.
  • their wear amounts are almost the same. This proves that the amplitude at the wavelength longer than 140 ⁇ m hardly have an influence on the wear amount. This reason is as follows.
  • the wavelength exceeds 140 ⁇ m, the contact area between the rope and the sheave is enlarged. This property is responsible for the decrease in the pressure therebetween, so that the resin on the rope is less prone to be adhered to the surface of the groove, as well as the projections of the sheave does not tend to be cut away.
  • the amplitude of the comparative example 3-1 within the same range is above the range from 0.5 ⁇ m to 1.0 ⁇ m.
  • the amplitude of surface of the groove within a range where the wavelength ranges from 70 ⁇ m to 140 ⁇ m needs to be below a range from (1/140) ⁇ 70 ⁇ m to (1/140) ⁇ 140 ⁇ m, that is, a range from 0.5 ⁇ m to 1.0 ⁇ m.
  • This makes it possible to decrease the wear amount of the resin on the rope, thereby prolonging the lifetime of the rope.
  • Fig. 14 is a graph showing an FET-analyzed result.
  • a comparative example 4-1 has Ra of 3 ⁇ m.
  • the comparative example 3-1 and the examples 3-1 and 3-2 are identical to those shown in Fig. 11.
  • the comparative example 4-1 has smaller Ra than other comparative examples and examples and, therefore its amplitude at each wavelength component is also smaller than them.
  • each of the comparative example 3-1 and the examples 3-1 and 3-2 exhibits a friction coefficient ratio of nearly 1.
  • the comparative example 4-1 exhibits a friction coefficient ratio of 3, which means that this example is sensitive to the condition of the surface.
  • the amplitude of the comparative example 4-1 within a wavelength range from 70 ⁇ m to 140 ⁇ m is smaller than a range from 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.10 ⁇ m, which is 1/1400 of the wavelength range.
  • the amplitude within a wavelength range from 70 ⁇ m to 140 ⁇ m is smaller than a range from 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.10 ⁇ m, the puddles of oil on the surface fails to be made. This may cause the decrease in the friction coefficient, because oil is prone to go into a space between the rope and the sheave.
  • the diameters of sheaves in the above examples are preferably 200mm. If the diameter exceeds 200mm, then the contact pressure between the sheave and the rope may decrease. In this case, the Ra, Zva/Zpa or amplitude needs to increase by as much as the sheave exceeds 200mm in diameter.
  • Fig. 16 shows the cross-section of a groove of a sheave. This groove is formed by:
  • the plating layer is composed of two layers: one is metal plating layer 11, and the other is low-friction-resin-containing metal plating layer 12. It is preferable that the metal plating 11 is electroless nickel-phosphorus plating, and the low friction resin is tetra fluoro ethylene.
  • the total thickness of both plating layers is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 10 ⁇ m, then some pinholes may be formed in the plating layers in case where the material of the plating has any defects. Otherwise, if the thickness is more than 25 ⁇ m, then the plating layers may cover the surface roughness of grooves in the sheave. In this case, if oil is adhered to the surface, its friction coefficient may be degraded.
  • the thickness of the plating layer containing tetra flouro ethyline is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m. If this thickness is less than 10 ⁇ m, some pinholes may be formed in the plating layer in case where the material of the plating has any defects. Otherwise, if the thickness is more than 15 ⁇ m, then tetraflouroethyline may not be distributed uniformly in the plating. Due to the above reasons, the recommended thickness of the plating layer containing tetraflouroethyline is 10 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.

Landscapes

  • Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
EP07008115A 2006-04-20 2007-04-20 Ascenseur et poulie d'ascenseur Withdrawn EP1847503A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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JP2006116285A JP4797769B2 (ja) 2006-04-20 2006-04-20 エレベータ及びエレベータ用シーブ

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EP1847503A1 true EP1847503A1 (fr) 2007-10-24

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EP07008115A Withdrawn EP1847503A1 (fr) 2006-04-20 2007-04-20 Ascenseur et poulie d'ascenseur

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008155415A1 (fr) * 2007-06-20 2008-12-24 Inventio Ag Élément d'ascenseur pour entraîner ou dévier un moyen de support d'ascenseur dans une installation d'ascenseur
WO2010002410A1 (fr) * 2008-07-03 2010-01-07 Otis Elevator Company Revêtement résistant à l'usure et à la corrosion et ayant une surface rugueuse
CN101525855B (zh) * 2008-03-07 2012-03-21 株式会社日立制作所 电梯用缆及电梯用带

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4491020B2 (ja) * 2008-01-09 2010-06-30 株式会社日立製作所 エレベーター用シーブ
JP5717145B2 (ja) * 2012-05-28 2015-05-13 ジヤトコ株式会社 チェーン式無段変速機用プーリ
US20180057314A1 (en) * 2016-08-30 2018-03-01 Otis Elevator Company Belt sheave and method of imprinting
CN109186526B (zh) * 2018-08-28 2020-09-25 山东建筑大学 一种表面粗糙度表征方法
CN112960521B (zh) * 2021-03-25 2022-09-13 日立电梯（中国）有限公司 一种电梯包覆带牵引轮及制作方法

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JPH0510405A (ja) * 1991-06-28 1993-01-19 Toyota Motor Corp ベルト式伝動装置
US6371448B1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2002-04-16 Inventio Ag Rope drive element for driving synthetic fiber ropes
US6419208B1 (en) * 1999-04-01 2002-07-16 Otis Elevator Company Elevator sheave for use with flat ropes
US20030192743A1 (en) * 2000-12-08 2003-10-16 Esko Aulanko Elevator and traction sheave of an elevator
JP2004132457A (ja) * 2002-10-10 2004-04-30 Toyota Motor Corp 摺動部材
US20050221938A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2005-10-06 Jatco Ltd Continuously variable belt drive transmission

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JPH01150070A (ja) * 1987-12-04 1989-06-13 Mitsubishi Electric Corp プーリおよびその製造方法
US6513792B1 (en) * 1999-10-21 2003-02-04 Inventio Ag Rope deflection and suitable synthetic fiber rope and their use
JP4617625B2 (ja) * 2001-08-31 2011-01-26 宇部興産株式会社 巻芯
JP4134604B2 (ja) * 2002-06-13 2008-08-20 株式会社村田製作所 セラミック電子部品の製造方法およびセラミック電子部品
DE60235205D1 (de) * 2002-06-27 2010-03-11 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Seil für aufzug und verfahren zur herstellung des seils
JP4323357B2 (ja) * 2004-03-26 2009-09-02 ジヤトコ株式会社 プーリ製造方法
JP4523364B2 (ja) * 2004-08-31 2010-08-11 株式会社日立製作所 エレベータ

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0510405A (ja) * 1991-06-28 1993-01-19 Toyota Motor Corp ベルト式伝動装置
US6419208B1 (en) * 1999-04-01 2002-07-16 Otis Elevator Company Elevator sheave for use with flat ropes
US6371448B1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2002-04-16 Inventio Ag Rope drive element for driving synthetic fiber ropes
US20030192743A1 (en) * 2000-12-08 2003-10-16 Esko Aulanko Elevator and traction sheave of an elevator
JP2004132457A (ja) * 2002-10-10 2004-04-30 Toyota Motor Corp 摺動部材
US20050221938A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2005-10-06 Jatco Ltd Continuously variable belt drive transmission

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008155415A1 (fr) * 2007-06-20 2008-12-24 Inventio Ag Élément d'ascenseur pour entraîner ou dévier un moyen de support d'ascenseur dans une installation d'ascenseur
CN101525855B (zh) * 2008-03-07 2012-03-21 株式会社日立制作所 电梯用缆及电梯用带
WO2010002410A1 (fr) * 2008-07-03 2010-01-07 Otis Elevator Company Revêtement résistant à l'usure et à la corrosion et ayant une surface rugueuse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4797769B2 (ja) 2011-10-19
JP2007284237A (ja) 2007-11-01
CN101058383A (zh) 2007-10-24
CN101058383B (zh) 2010-11-03

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