EP1820617A4

EP1820617A4 - Device for breaking and mixing ductile materials, mainly clay

Info

Publication number: EP1820617A4
Application number: EP05822305A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Igor Feliksovich Shlegel
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-11-24
Filing date: 2005-11-22
Publication date: 2008-12-31
Also published as: WO2006062441A1; EP1820617A1; UA91035C2; RU2004134318A; RU2297324C2

Abstract

The invention relates to producing building materials, in particular clay bricks. The inventive device comprises a body provided with a feed hopper, a spiral conveyor, transverse grids alternately arranged in the body and rotatable cutters provided with lobe-shaped cutting elements. Said invention makes it possible to improve the breaking and mixing efficiency by that the cutters and transverse grids are placed directly to each other and the surfaces of the cutter cutting elements are arranged at an angle with respect to the flat surface of the transverse grid next to the cutter. The end edges of the cutting elements are embodied in such a way that they are adjacent to the transverse grid flat surfaces between which a cutter is placed. The cutter can be mounted on the first place in the direction of the material displacement in the succession of the transverse grids and cutters, wherein tangentially oriented slots are embodied on the flat surface of the transverse grid which is next and adjacent to the cutter cutting elements.

Description

Device for grinding and mixing plastic materials, mainly clay

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the production of building materials, in particular clay bricks, and can be used for grinding and mixing the feedstock, for example, various clays and additives, in technological lines for preparing ceramic mass.

State of the art

A known mixer (see SU 1622136, publ. 23.01.91), intended for the preparation of silicate mixtures, comprising a main body with a loading device and additional bodies connected in series with the main body and with each other. Screws are mounted in the main body and in additional mixer cases, a grill is installed at the outlet of each case and a knife after it, and each additional case can be equipped with its own loading device.

Improving the quality of preparation of the mixture in the known device is achieved by the sequential and gradual addition of the components of the mixture, i.e. in the first additional case through its loading device, the addition of one component is carried out, in the next another, etc., while the mixture at the outlet of each case is pressed by a screw through the grilles and cut off with knives. However, such a constructive approach can be justified for multicomponent mixtures, the preparation of which is accompanied by various technological parameters when introducing one or another component into the mixture. In other cases, such a constructive solution is impractical, since it significantly increases the dimensions of the device and its energy intensity.

As a prototype of the claimed device adopted a device for grinding plastic material (see SU 1778007, publ. 30.11.92), characterized by the largest number of design features that match the essential features of the proposed solution. The prototype contains a housing with a screw installed in it. The housing is connected to the drive, in which there are fixed filter gratings in the form of perforated disks with round holes and rotating three-blade knives, each cutting edge of which is made in an arc of a circle.

The main disadvantage of the device is the low efficiency of grinding and mixing the processed material.

Disclosure of invention

The claimed invention solves the technical problem, which consists in increasing the efficiency of grinding plastic materials, in particular clay, while performing the claimed device the function of a mixer.

The problem is solved in that in a device for grinding and mixing plastic materials, mainly clay, containing a housing with a loading hopper, a screw and fixed transverse grids and rotating knives with cutting elements in the shape of petals installed in the housing alternating relative to each other, according to the claimed the invention, the knives and transverse grids are installed close to each other, the cutting elements of the knives are made with surfaces that are turned at an angle with respect to the planes of the transverse grids etches between which a knife carrying them is mounted, and at the same time tilted with respect to the plane of the transverse lattice following the direction of movement of the material behind the knife, while the end edges of the cutting elements are made adjacent to the said planes of the transverse grids.

A distinctive feature of the claimed technical solution is the execution of the shape of the knives and their installation in relation to the transverse grids. This feature is as follows: each knife is installed between two transverse grids close to them, while one end edge of each cutting element of this knife is adjacent to the diametrical plane of one lattice, and the second to the diametrical plane of the other lattice. The gap between them is minimal and is selected based on the condition of free movement of the rotating knives relative to the fixed gratings. The cutting elements of the knives are made with a shape close to the shape of the plate, with the end aforementioned edges and with flat surfaces that are turned at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the device, i.e. also at an angle to the planes of the transverse gratings, and with an inclination with respect to the plane of the grating, following along the movement of the processed material, i.e. the angle between the characterized surface of the cutting element and the plane of the grating following the knife is sharp, and, in relation to the plane of the previous grating, is obtuse. Thus, the above-mentioned turning and tilting of the surfaces of the cutting elements causes the material at the exit from the holes of the grate to not experience any resistance from the knives, and moreover, this inclined (lamellar) surface of the cutting elements contributes to the movement of the material into the acute angle zone between it and the diametrical plane of the subsequent lattice. Since the diameters of the gratings and the diameters of the knives are proportional to the inner diameter of the casing, the material pressed through the holes of the grating falls into a closed volume, and, being in the zone of an acute angle between the inclined surface of the cutting element and the grating plane, is not just pressed into the holes of the grating, but is subjected to grinding from the side of this surface of the cutting elements, which significantly increases the grinding efficiency.

At the same time, this design and installation of cutting elements determines that the end edge of the cutting element moving along the plane of the previous transverse lattice, together with the inclined surface, forms an acute-angled blade directed along the direction of movement, cutting off the material pressed through the previous lattice, and the opposite end edge with with the same inclined surface in the direction of movement forms an obtuse angle, ensuring the forcing of the material through the holes of the subsequent lattice. Along with increasing the grinding efficiency, this design of the cutting elements significantly increases their service life, since the knife, when the sharp-angled blades of the cutting elements are blunted, can be turned over and its parts described above will be interchanged, i.e. the end face that was pushing with its sharp angle will cut off the material, and the opposite, with a blunt edge end, with its reverse side, on the contrary, will push through the material. In this case, self-sharpening of the blade is observed, i.e. re-permutation of the knife is possible. If in the sequence of transverse gratings and knives the first, in the direction of movement of the material, set the knife, while on the next plane of the transverse grating adjacent to its cutting elements, perform tangentially directed grooves and provide the body with a nozzle, the claimed device acquires a new function: the knife will work as a stone separator, ensuring the removal of all solid large inclusions from the mass of the crushed material, and the grooves, in this case, are guides for these inclusions when they move to the periphery towards rpusa. In order to freely withdraw these inclusions and move them to the periphery of the channel, and then into the pipe, the grooves must be tangentially directed. This will ensure that any inclusion from the side of the inclined surface of the knife will be affected by a force directed tangentially to the path of the knife, i.e. unidirectional with the movement of any of its points. The above-described grooves are simultaneously holes of the transverse lattice, therefore, the grooves are made through, however, in order to provide the guiding effect on the stones and other large inclusions from the groove side (i.e., the grooves are, in fact, guides for moving the stones to the peripheral zone, and, accordingly, to nozzle), they are made with a cross-section, variable in width of the lattice, expanded in the direction of its input plane. This extension can be in the form of a triangular, rounded or any other profile, turning into a groove of a smaller size. It is preferable to make the grooves through only on a part of their length.

In the particular case of the implementation of the claimed invention, the knives can be made four-blade, while they are installed with the offset of the cutting elements relative to the cutting elements of adjacent knives. This displacement contributes to mixing, since it breaks the flow of material and directs part of one stream into the mass of another.

The grinding efficiency while mixing the crushed material has the best performance (established experimentally), when the device is designed with the orientation of the inclined surface of the cutting elements relative to the plane of the transverse grating, following along the movement of the material, at an angle in the range from 20 ° to 40 °. At an angle of less than 20 °, the grinding efficiency is deteriorated due to the fact that the plastic material does not fall under that part of the lamellar surface of the cutting elements, which has the greatest grinding effect, and at an angle of more than 40 ° the inclined surfaces of the cutting elements push the material worse in the direction of its movement.

When installing the first knife in the direction of movement in order to fulfill the function of stone extraction, it is advisable to perform this knife with the orientation of the inclined surface of its cutting elements with respect to the plane of the transverse grating, following along the movement of the material, at an angle in the range from 60 ° to 90 °. An inclined surface oriented in this way most effectively shifts large inclusions to the peripheral zone, from where they can be removed using a nozzle.

It is advisable to perform a device with a means of axial preload of the entire set of knives and grids. In this case, one of the options for the design of this tool is a spacer sleeve mounted between the grating at the outlet of the device and a union nut installed with the possibility of adjusting movement at the output end of the housing.

In a specific embodiment of the device, in order to increase the manufacturability of its assembly, as well as to ensure axial shift of the entire sequence of transverse grids and knives with the adjustment necessary to compress these elements to each other, the transverse grids are made with a groove on the outer cylindrical surface along its generatrix and fixed in the housing by means of a fixing rod passed through said grooves and a similar groove made on the inner surface of the housing. At the same time, the transverse gratings can be fixed relative to the casing using oppositely placed (i.e., the diameter of the grating one against the other) radial protrusions on the cylindrical surface of the gratings, which will go into the longitudinal grooves made on the inner surface of the casing opposite each other and along forming body. In order to improve the operational characteristics of the device, it is advisable to make the case detachable along the above longitudinal grooves, while also knives can be made detachable (made up of several parts or two halves). The end edges of the knives, which have a certain width, can partially “cut” under the bevel, which is on the end edge, which cuts the material from the plane of the previous grate, will be directed in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the knives, while in relation to the plane of the subsequent grate this bevel, which, on the contrary, is “opened” in the direction of movement, will enhance the effect of grinding the mass and forcing it through the grate. The optimal value of such a bevel is an angle of 20-30 degrees, which is selected empirically.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which: in FIG. 1 shows the inventive device for grinding and mixing plastic materials, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 - knife device (2 projections); in FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section of the device when installed in front of the first transverse lattice of the knife, providing stone allocation; in FIG. 4 is a section A-A in FIG. 3; in FIG. 5 - shows a transverse grate installed in front of a knife, providing stone allocation; in FIG. 6 is a section B-B in FIG. 5; in FIG. 7 shows possible embodiments of the shape of the grooves (cross section C-C in FIG. 6).

The best embodiment of the invention

The device for grinding and mixing clay, shown in the drawings, contains a loading hopper 1 and a housing 2 connected to it, along the longitudinal axis of which a shaft 3 is passed, also passing through the lower zone of the hopper 1 and connected to its rotation drive (not shown in the drawings). The shaft 3, in the part located in the hopper zone and in the housing zone of the housing starting in the direction of the material movement, is made with a screw blade 4. In the housing 2, fixed transverse grids 5 and rotating knives 6 are rigidly mounted on the shaft 3, alternating relative to each other, for example by keyway. The knives 6 (see Fig. 2) are made with flap cutting elements 7, which are four plates, deployed on a cylindrical base 8 of the knife 6 at an angle of the plate surface 9 to the longitudinal axis of this cylindrical base 8 and, accordingly, at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the device, and at the same time tilted to the planes of the transverse grids 5, said inclination of the surface of the cutting element 9 forming an acute angle γ with the plane of the transverse grating following the knife, and with the plane transverse lattice facing the knife - obtuse angle φ. In this case, the end edges 10 of these elements are cutting. The transverse grids 5 and the knives 6 are installed close to each other and so that the end cutting edges 10 of the cutting elements slide along the diametrical planes of the grids 5 (one edge is on the plane of one grill, the other edge is on the plane of the other mounted on the other side of the knife) . The mating gap between them is sufficient for the free movement of these elements relative to each other, but is minimal in order to prevent material from entering it. All knives 6 are mounted with an offset of the cutting elements 7 with respect to the cutting elements of adjacent knives, i.e. adjacent knives are installed in the housing so that the cutting elements 7, for example even knives, are oriented in the space between the cutting elements of the odd ones. The lamellar surface 9 of the cutting elements makes an angle γ equal to 30 degrees with the plane of the subsequent along the movement of the material transverse lattice 5. The transverse gratings are fixed in the housing by means of a fixing rod 11, which is installed in the grooves made on the outer cylindrical surface of the transverse gratings 5 and continued (along the circumference of their cross section) on the inner surface of the housing 2. A safety grate 12 is installed in the loading hopper, which prevents it from entering the working the area of the auger of large stones, metal inclusions, as well as increasing the safety of the device. However, it is not always possible to completely eliminate the ingress of stones into the device. Therefore, in order to isolate and remove from the mass any solid large inclusions before the mass enters the part of the device where grinding and mixing occurs through a sequence of transverse grids and knives, the first knife 6 'in this sequence (see Fig. 3) is installed in front of the first transverse lattice 5. The cutting elements of this knife are deployed at an angle of 75 degrees, and tangentially directed grooves 13. are made on the surface of the first transverse lattice facing this knife (see Fig. 5). Grooves for parts their lengths are made through (see Fig. 6 and Fig. 7), while the profile of these grooves is made expanded in the part that opens onto the plane of the grating in contact with the first knife. This expansion in cross section may be in the form of a semicircle, triangle, etc. (see Fig. 7), i.e. a form that provides the best performance by the grooves of their guiding function for stony inclusions when moving to the periphery of the housing. In the installation zone of the first knife, the casing is made with a tangential pipe 14 for the output of stones and other inclusions.

The union nut 15 and the spacer sleeve 16, mounted at the outlet of the housing 2 and supported with one end face on the last transverse grill 5, and the other on the annular partly overlapping outlet of the housing 2, part of the union nut, ensure that all transverse grids and knives are pressed against each other . The threaded connection of the housing 2 and the union nut 15 allows you to adjust the force of this preload. The screw in the end part 17 is made conical in shape.

The device operates as follows.

The original plastic material, in particular clay, is poured into the hopper. Clay through the lattice enters the working area of the screw 4, which primarily grinds, mixes and moves the material to the first lattice 5 in the direction of travel or to the first 6 "knife (depending on the design of the device). Due to the fact that the end part 17 of the screw 4 is made in the form of a truncated cone, the clay is pressed to the lattice and pressed through its openings, falling into the zone of the next knife 6. When the device with the knife 6 is used, the surface 9 of this knife acts on solid inclusions that may appear in the clay mass, moves them along the angular grooves 13 first to the periphery of the casing, and then along its wall to the outlet pipe 14. The end cutting edges of the knife 6, mounted between the transverse grids 5, cut the material from the back side of the transverse grate 5, behind which this knife is installed. the clay enters the space between the inclined surfaces 9 of the cutting elements 7 of the knife and due to its rotation, as well as due to the inclination of the surface 9, the material moves towards the second lattice and simultaneously around the circumference. The movement of the material around the circumference promotes mixing, since, getting into the area of the second knife, the cutting elements of which are displaced, the material is mixed with a portion that moves in parallel flow. And the effect of the surface of the cutting knife 9 on the clay mass falling into the angle γ contributes to its abrasion when the clay passes through the lattice behind the knife, because in addition to the fact that the clay passes through the holes of the lattice, it, at some point in time, is between the plane lattice, in the part where this plane is solid (without holes), and the inclined surface 9 of the cutting element of the knife 6. The above process of grinding and mixing the material is repeated as many times as the number of pairs of lattices and knives installed in the body.

Thus, the claimed design of the device carries out the grinding of the material as it passes through the holes of the grids and when cutting clay from the surfaces of the grids with the end edges of the knives 6. However, due to the design of the cutting elements of the knives 6 with an inclined plate surface 9, as well as through the installation of knives and cross gratings close to each other, when the device is working, rubbing clay and particles in another moving stream is ensured, which leads to an increase in grinding efficiency with one temporary more thorough mixing of the material.

Industrial applicability

From the foregoing description of the invention and taking into account its nature, it is obvious that the claimed device design is intended for industrial use.

Claims

CLAIM

1. Device for grinding and mixing plastic materials, mainly clay, comprising a housing (2) with a loading hopper (1), a screw (4) and transverse grids (5) and rotating knives (6) mounted in the housing with alternating relative to each other cutting elements (7) in the form of petals, characterized in that the zeros (6) and the transverse lattices (5) are installed close to each other, the cutting elements (7) of the knives are made with surfaces (9), turned at an angle with respect to the transverse planes grids (5) between which I carry knife, which includes said surfaces (9), while the end edges (10) of these surfaces (9) are made adjacent to said planes of transverse grids.

2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that in the sequence of transverse grids (5) and rotating knives (6), the knife is installed first in the direction of movement of the material, with the transverse plane adjacent to its cutting elements (7) the lattices (5) are made tangentially directed grooves (13), and the housing is equipped with a pipe (14) output large inclusions.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the grooves (13) are made through and with a cross section variable in width of the lattice, expanded in the direction of its input plane.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the through grooves (13) are made in part of their length.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating knives (6) are made of four-blade ones.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the rotating knives (6) are mounted with an offset of their cutting elements (7) relative to the cutting elements (7) of adjacent knives.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting elements (7) are made with a slope of the surface (9) with respect to the plane of the transverse lattice (5), following along the movement of the material, at an angle from 20 ° to 40 °.

8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an axial preloaded means of rotating knives (6) and transverse grids (5).

9. The device according to p. 8, characterized in that the means of axial compression of the knives

(6) and gratings (5) are made in the form of a spacer sleeve (16) mounted between the transverse grating (5) standing at the output of the device and the union nut (15) mounted on the output end of the housing with the possibility of adjusting movement.

10. The device according to claim 1, or claim 8, characterized in that the transverse lattices (5) are made with a groove on the outer cylindrical surface along its generatrix and are fixed in the housing by means of a fixing rod (11) passed through the said grooves and through the longitudinal a groove made on the inner surface of the housing along its generatrix.

11. The device according to claim 1, or claim 8, characterized in that the transverse grids are made with opposed radial protrusions installed in longitudinal grooves made on the inner surface of the housing opposite each other and along its generatrix.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the housing (2) is made detachable along the longitudinal grooves.

13. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the rotating knives (6) are made up of several parts, while the parts are mounted with a girth of the shaft (3) and fastened to each other or to the shaft.

14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the end edges (10) of the rotating knives (6) adjacent to the planes of the transverse grids are made with a bevel directed in the opposite direction to the direction of their rotation.

15. The device according to 14, characterized in that the bevel is made at an angle of 20-30 °