EP1797747B1 - Chalumeau a plasma - Google Patents

Chalumeau a plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1797747B1
EP1797747B1 EP05790759.4A EP05790759A EP1797747B1 EP 1797747 B1 EP1797747 B1 EP 1797747B1 EP 05790759 A EP05790759 A EP 05790759A EP 1797747 B1 EP1797747 B1 EP 1797747B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
secondary gas
nozzle
plasma torch
cap
plasma
Prior art date
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Application number
EP05790759.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1797747A2 (fr
Inventor
Volker Krink
Thomas Steudtner
Frank Laurisch
Ralf-Peter Reinke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma und Maschinen GmbH
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Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma und Maschinen GmbH
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Application filed by Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma und Maschinen GmbH filed Critical Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma und Maschinen GmbH
Priority to PL05790759T priority Critical patent/PL1797747T3/pl
Publication of EP1797747A2 publication Critical patent/EP1797747A2/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3457—Nozzle protection devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plasma torch which serves both for dry cutting and underwater cutting of various metallic workpieces and to an arrangement of a nozzle cap and a secondary gas guide member for a plasma torch.
  • an arc In plasma cutting, an arc (pilot arc) is first ignited between a cathode (electrode) and anode (nozzle) and then transferred directly to a workpiece to produce a cut.
  • This arc creates a plasma, which is a thermally highly heated, electrically conductive gas consisting of positive and negative ions, electrons, and excited and neutral atoms and molecules.
  • gases such as argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen or air are used. These gases are ionized and dissociated by the energy of the arc. The resulting plasma jet is used to cut the workpiece
  • a modern plasma burner is made of basic components such as torch body, electrode (cathode), nozzle, one or more protective caps surrounding the nozzle, and the Connections used to supply the burner with electricity, gases and / or liquids.
  • the nozzle may consist of one or more parts.
  • the nozzle is held by a nozzle cap. Cooling water flows between the nozzle and the nozzle cap. The secondary gas flows between the nozzle and protective cap.
  • the nozzle cap can be omitted. Then the secondary gas flows between the nozzle and protective cap.
  • the electrode and the nozzle are arranged in a certain spatial relationship to one another and delimit a space - the plasma chamber in which this plasma jet is generated.
  • the plasma jet may be varied in parameters such as e.g. Diameter, temperature, energy density and flow rate of the plasma gas are strongly influenced by the design of the nozzle and electrode.
  • the electrodes and nozzles are made of different materials and in different shapes.
  • Nozzles are usually made of copper and water cooled directly or indirectly. Depending on the cutting task and electrical power of the plasma torch, nozzles are used which have different inner contours and openings with different diameters and thus provide the optimum cutting results.
  • nozzles are enclosed by protective caps. Through the gap between the nozzle and cap flows Secondary gas. This serves to create a defined atmosphere, to constrict the plasma jet and to protect against splashing during piercing.
  • the selection of the secondary gas plays an important role.
  • the present applicant uses nitrogen as a secondary gas.
  • the plasma jet is flowed around with the secondary gas, which is passed between the nozzle cap and protective cap through the resulting passage and exits from the annular opening in the direction of the workpiece. This ensures a substantially non-oxidizing atmosphere on the workpiece. This effect can be enhanced by adding small amounts of hydrogen (eg 1 to 20%).
  • the secondary gas passing through an annular secondary gas passage is aligned by an insulator between the nozzle cap and the protective cap.
  • the insulator has small holes which are shaped so that the secondary gas exits along the axial direction of the burner body and surrounds the plasma arc with sufficient quantity and speed.
  • the secondary current is generated as a circulating current in which the straightening channel formed in the insulator is formed spirally with respect to the central region of the burner.
  • a protective cap directs a secondary gas flow along the arcuate surface of a nozzle cap onto the arc. During cutting, the velocity of this flow is reduced so that the arc is not destabilized. This cap contains some vents that divert the excess gas away.
  • the protective cap and secondary gas flow protect the nozzle from molten metal that can splash from a workpiece onto the nozzle and cause damage or parallel arcing.
  • the plasma jet is unstable by the direct flow of the secondary gas, in particular at a secondary gas flow rate that is greater than the plasma gas flow rate.
  • the instability is especially when driving over technologically related kerfs and direction and speed changes, such. noticeable at corners and at the beginning of cutting.
  • the cutting arc stabilizes only slowly. It comes to swinging the cutting arc. This swinging forms on the resulting cut edge and thus leads to a deterioration in quality.
  • Disadvantage of this method is that the nozzle mouth is insufficiently protected against high-spraying metal in particular when piercing the plasma jet into the workpiece. Furthermore, the secondary gas can not be targeted in the plasma jet to achieve a good quality cut.
  • the active participation of the secondary gas in the plasma process is desired.
  • the secondary gas nitrogen not only acts as a protective gas to protect the interfaces of the oxidizing oxygen in the ambient air, but also actively participates in the plasma process. It reduces the surface tension of the melt, which becomes less viscous and better expelled from the kerf. The result is a beard-free cut. With the in US Pat. No. 6,207,923 B1 this arrangement is not possible. Even when using oxygen as the plasma gas for cutting structural steels, different effects on the quality of cut can be achieved by different composition of the secondary gas, for example different nitrogen and oxygen fractions.
  • the US 5 695 662 A discloses a plasma torch having a torch body, an electrode disposed in the torch body, a nozzle having a central nozzle opening and arranged to separately cover the electrode by a plasma gas channel formed therebetween, a nozzle cap, one at its front End face disposed, the nozzle opening opposite the outlet opening and an annular secondary gas channel within the nozzle cap which communicates with the outlet opening, wherein the nozzle cap is electrically isolated with respect to the electrode and the nozzle, a nozzle cap which covers the nozzle except the nozzle opening and disposed within the nozzle cap and is separated from the latter at its front end side by the secondary gas passage, and a secondary gas guide member having at least one passage in the form of bores, wherein the secondary gas guide member in the second is arranged between a secondary gas inlet and the front end of the secondary gas channel and the secondary gas channel between the secondary gas guide part and its front end is formed such that it passes the secondary gas after passing the Sekundärgas Equipmentsteils and a Sekundargaskan
  • the US 2001/007320 A1 discloses a nozzle with a nozzle cap and a secondary gas guide part.
  • the secondary gas guide part is formed as a ring.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art described.
  • the functions of the secondary gas such as protection against high-velocity metal, creation of a defined atmosphere around the plasma jet and the active participation of the secondary gas in the plasma process should be ensured without affecting the plasma jet in its stability.
  • this object is achieved by a plasma torch according to claim 1 and an arrangement according to claim 10.
  • the invention generates a homogeneous secondary gas flow.
  • This homogeneous secondary gas flow leads to a stabilization of the plasma jet.
  • the oscillation of the cutting arc in difficult-to-control technological cutting situations, such.
  • the secondary gas is guided via a secondary gas guide part into the secondary gas channel in such a way that the secondary gas flow initially strikes a virtually cylindrical first lateral surface of the nozzle cap which is directed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plasma torch. Thereafter, the secondary gas is passed through the secondary gas channel part, which is bounded by almost conical mantle or inner surfaces of the nozzle or the nozzle cap and nozzle cap, to the front end of the plasma torch and then fed at an angle of almost 90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the plasma torch a plasma jet.
  • the particularly good homogeneity of the secondary gas ie the particularly good distribution around a plasma jet, is achieved by firstly directing the secondary gas flow onto the lateral surface of the secondary gas flow in a plane extending essentially at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the plasma torch Nozzle cap hits and that is further reset from the front end of the plasma torch and thus the secondary gas has more time in addition to spread.
  • this effect is enhanced even if, after passing through the secondary gas guide part, the secondary gas initially not only strikes the almost cylindrical first lateral surface of the nozzle cap, but at the same time flows into a relaxation space extension, which allows a greater relaxation of the secondary gas, before the secondary gas then flows over the conical jacket. or inner surfaces of the plasma jet is supplied radially or tangentially. In this case, this area of the nozzle cap with expansion chamber extension has a smaller diameter than the beginning of the subsequent conical section.
  • the nozzle cap is often omitted. Then the nozzle takes over the space-limiting task of the nozzle cap.
  • the nozzle is geometrically formed in this case as the nozzle cap.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plasma torch 1 according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
  • the plasma torch 1 has a torch body 2 with an electrode 3 and a nozzle 4 defining a longitudinal axis L of the plasma torch 1.
  • the electrode 3 and the nozzle 4 are arranged coaxially in the burner body 2, are in a certain spatial relationship and form a plasma chamber 6, through which flows a plasma gas PG, which is supplied via a plasma gas channel 6a.
  • a nozzle cap 5 is arranged coaxially to the longitudinal axis L of the plasma torch 1 and holds the nozzle 4. Between the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 5 is a space 11, flows through the cooling water.
  • the cooling water is supplied via a water feed WV and flows through a water return WR.
  • An annular secondary gas guide member 8 having a plurality of holes in the form of bores, only one of which is denoted by the reference numeral 8a, is in a formed between the nozzle cap 5 and a nozzle cap 7 secondary gas channel 9 between a secondary gas inlet 8b and the front end of the secondary gas channel 9 arranged that the flowing through the passage 8 a secondary gas SG on a nearly cylindrical first lateral surface of the nozzle cap 5, which results in a first cylindrical portion 5 a of the nozzle cap 5 hits.
  • the secondary gas SG is then passed through the secondary gas channel 9, which is bounded by a nearly conical second surface of the nozzle cap 5 in a lower portion 5 b and a corresponding conical inner surface 7 b of the nozzle cap 7, to the front end of the plasma torch 1, then at an angle of nearly 90 ° to the longitudinal axis L of the plasma torch. 1 a plasma jet (not shown) and exits through an outlet opening 7a of the nozzle cap 7 from.
  • the rotating secondary gas SG flows around the plasma jet after it leaves a nozzle opening 4a and additionally creates a defined atmosphere around the plasma jet.
  • the passages 8a of the secondary gas guide part 8 are arranged so that a rotating flow of the secondary gas SG is formed.
  • the passages in the secondary gas guide part 8a may be equidistant over the circumference of the secondary gas guide part 8 and radially extending (FIG. Figure 2.1 ) or with an offset to the radial ( Figure 2.2 ), ie, aligned with a respective point offset from the actual center of the circle.
  • the inclination of the almost cylindrical first lateral surface of the nozzle cap 5 can be up to ⁇ 15 ° ( Figures 1.1 . 1.2, and 1.3 ) relative to the longitudinal axis L of the plasma torch 1 amount.
  • W3 -15 ° ( Figure 1.3 ) the effect of homogeneity is achieved similar to enlargement of space by cylindrical surfaces and achieves a particularly good homogeneity.
  • transitions between the first and second lateral surfaces of the nozzle cap 5 and corresponding first and second inner surfaces of the nozzle protection cap 7 can be sharp-edged (FIG. Figures 1.1 - 1.3 ), with bevels ( Figures 1.4 - 1.6 ) or radii ( Figures 1.7 - 1.9 ) be provided. There is also the possibility of combinations of radii and chamfers at the transitions.
  • Figures 1.10 -1.12 show embodiments with a relaxation space extension 10, in which the secondary gas SG from the passages 8a of the secondary gas guide 8 flows to further improve the stability of the plasma jet.
  • This relaxation space extension 10 may be, for example, a round ( Figure 1.10 ), a rectangular ( Figure 1.11 ) or a multi-faceted ( Figure 1.12 ) Have shape.

Claims (13)

  1. Chalumeau à plasma (1) comprenant :
    - un corps de chalumeau (2),
    - une électrode (3) disposée dans le corps de chalumeau (2),
    - une buse (4) qui possède une ouverture de buse centrale (4a) et qui est disposée de telle sorte qu'elle recouvre l'électrode (3) séparément par un canal à plasma (6a) qui est formé entre celles-ci,
    - un capuchon de protection de buse (7) qui possède une ouverture de sortie (7a), disposée au niveau de son côté d'extrémité avant à l'opposé de l'ouverture de buse (4a), et un canal à gaz secondaire (9) en forme de bague à l'intérieur du capuchon de protection de buse (7), lequel est en liaison avec l'ouverture de sortie (7a), le capuchon de protection de buse (7) étant monté électriquement isolé par rapport à l'électrode (3) et à la buse (4),
    - un capuchon de buse (5) qui recouvre la buse (4) à l'exception d'au moins l'ouverture de buse (4a) et qui est disposé à l'intérieur du capuchon de protection de buse (7) et est séparé de celui-ci par le canal à gaz secondaire (9) au niveau de son côté d'extrémité avant,
    - une partie de conduite de gaz secondaire (8), laquelle possède au moins un passage (8a) sous la forme de perçages, la partie de conduite de gaz secondaire (8) étant disposée dans le canal à gaz secondaire (9) entre une entrée de gaz secondaire (8b) et l'extrémité avant du canal à gaz secondaire (9) et le canal à gaz secondaire (9) entre la partie de conduite de gaz secondaire (8) et son extrémité avant étant configuré de telle sorte qu'il guide le gaz secondaire SG, après son passage dans la partie de conduite de gaz secondaire (8) et une partie de canal à gaz secondaire (9a) sensiblement parallèle à l'axe longitudinal L du chalumeau à plasma (1), en biais par rapport à l'axe longitudinal L du chalumeau à plasma (1) en direction de l'extrémité avant du chalumeau à plasma (1) et l'achemine ensuite à un jet de plasma sous un angle sensiblement droit par rapport à l'axe longitudinal L du chalumeau à plasma (1), et le capuchon de buse (5), qui recouvre la buse (4) à l'exception d'au moins l'ouverture de buse (4a) et qui est disposé à l'intérieur du capuchon de protection de buse (7) et est séparé de celui-ci par le canal à gaz secondaire (9) au niveau de son côté d'extrémité avant, possédant dans la zone de la partie de conduite de gaz secondaire (8) une première surface d'enveloppe, laquelle est inclinée selon un angle dans la plage de 0 ± 15° par rapport à l'axe longitudinal L du chalumeau à plasma (1), et une deuxième surface d'enveloppe du capuchon de buse (5), qui se rétrécit sensiblement en forme de cône en direction de l'extrémité avant du chalumeau à plasma (1) se trouvant dans le prolongement en direction de l'extrémité avant du chalumeau à plasma (1).
  2. Chalumeau à plasma (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la transition entre les première et deuxième surfaces d'enveloppe est arrondie, chanfreinée ou à arête vive.
  3. Chalumeau à plasma (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première surface d'enveloppe est une surface d'enveloppe sensiblement cylindrique pourvue d'une cavité sur laquelle vient frapper le gaz secondaire après être passé par la partie de conduite de gaz secondaire (8).
  4. Chalumeau à plasma (1) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la cavité est ronde ou polygonale.
  5. Chalumeau à plasma (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie de conduite de gaz secondaire (8) est une bague dans laquelle au moins deux passages (8a) sont disposés de manière équidistante sur sa circonférence.
  6. Chalumeau à plasma (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les passages (8a) s'étendent dans le sens radial.
  7. Chalumeau à plasma (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les passages (8a) possèdent un décalage par rapport aux radiales.
  8. Chalumeau à plasma (1) selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le décalage se trouve dans la plage de 0,5 à 4 millimètres.
  9. Chalumeau à plasma (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les passages (8a) présentent un diamètre dans la plage de 0,2 à 1,0 millimètre.
  10. Arrangement composé d'un capuchon de buse (5) et d'une partie de conduite de gaz secondaire (8) pour un chalumeau à plasma (1), le capuchon de buse (5) possédant une surface d'enveloppe qui, à partir d'une extrémité avant du capuchon de buse (5), possède successivement :
    - une deuxième portion (5b) qui se rétrécit sensiblement en forme de cône en direction de l'extrémité avant du capuchon de buse (5),
    - une première portion (5a) sensiblement cylindrique avec une inclinaison dans la plage de 0 ± 15° par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du capuchon de buse (5), et
    - un talon radial par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du capuchon de buse (5), la partie de conduite de gaz secondaire (8) étant disposée sur le talon, étant réalisée en forme de bague et possédant une pluralité de passages (8a) sous la forme de perçages qui s'étendent dans le sens radial par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du capuchon de buse (5) ou possèdent un décalage par rapport aux radiales.
  11. Arrangement selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la transition entre les première et deuxième portions des surfaces d'enveloppe est arrondie, chanfreinée ou à arête vive.
  12. Arrangement selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que la première portion de la surface d'enveloppe est une surface d'enveloppe sensiblement cylindrique pourvue d'une cavité sur laquelle vient frapper le gaz secondaire après être passé par la partie de conduite de gaz secondaire (8).
  13. Arrangement selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la cavité est ronde ou polygonale.
EP05790759.4A 2004-10-08 2005-09-28 Chalumeau a plasma Active EP1797747B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL05790759T PL1797747T3 (pl) 2004-10-08 2005-09-28 Palnik plazmowy

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004049445.2A DE102004049445C5 (de) 2004-10-08 2004-10-08 Plasmabrenner
PCT/DE2005/001714 WO2006039890A2 (fr) 2004-10-08 2005-09-28 Chalumeau a plasma

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1797747A2 EP1797747A2 (fr) 2007-06-20
EP1797747B1 true EP1797747B1 (fr) 2017-06-28

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EP05790759.4A Active EP1797747B1 (fr) 2004-10-08 2005-09-28 Chalumeau a plasma

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EP (1) EP1797747B1 (fr)
DE (3) DE102004064160C5 (fr)
ES (1) ES2641235T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL1797747T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006039890A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE202004021663U1 (de) 2010-05-12
PL1797747T3 (pl) 2018-03-30
ES2641235T3 (es) 2017-11-08
WO2006039890A3 (fr) 2007-02-08
WO2006039890A2 (fr) 2006-04-20
DE102004049445B4 (de) 2010-08-19
DE102004064160C5 (de) 2016-03-03
EP1797747A2 (fr) 2007-06-20
DE102004049445A1 (de) 2006-04-20
DE102004064160B4 (de) 2010-12-30
DE102004049445C5 (de) 2016-04-07

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