EP1796872B1 - Procede pour polir, en particulier, des surfaces de faces optiquement actives, telles que des lentilles - Google Patents

Procede pour polir, en particulier, des surfaces de faces optiquement actives, telles que des lentilles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1796872B1
EP1796872B1 EP05791201A EP05791201A EP1796872B1 EP 1796872 B1 EP1796872 B1 EP 1796872B1 EP 05791201 A EP05791201 A EP 05791201A EP 05791201 A EP05791201 A EP 05791201A EP 1796872 B1 EP1796872 B1 EP 1796872B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
workpiece
polishing
procedure
axis
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05791201A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1796872A1 (fr
Inventor
Sven Kiontke
Thomas Kurschel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Asphericon GmbH
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Asphericon GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1796872A1 publication Critical patent/EP1796872A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/01—Specific tools, e.g. bowl-like; Production, dressing or fastening of these tools
    • B24B13/012—Specific tools, e.g. bowl-like; Production, dressing or fastening of these tools conformable in shape to the optical surface, e.g. by fluid pressure acting on an elastic membrane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor grinding of lenses, the tool or work being controlled by information-carrying means, e.g. patterns, punched tapes, magnetic tapes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for polishing a surface of a workpiece by means of a tool rotating about a tool axis, wherein the workpiece in a region of the workpiece surface with a respective currently touching surface, which is at least a portion of a machined surface, which in turn is a portion of a polishing surface of the Tool is, is touched, with the tool axis pierces the polishing surface.
  • the EP 0 835 722 A1 describes an apparatus and method for making plastic lens substrates by processing a plastic block material.
  • a rotating machining tool for example for polishing, is moved on an equally rotating workpiece.
  • the machining tool which rotates axially via a manipulator, is held by a holding device.
  • the holding device is coupled to a drive and acts on the processing tool with respect to an X and / or Y and / or Z direction of movement, a distance of the movement, an on and off operation as well as an inclination of the movement ,
  • a method of polishing finished finished lenses is known.
  • polishing machines which have at least one workpiece spindle and a tool spindle, uses a variable mold. This is brought into firm contact with the lens before the actual polishing process with its resilient work surface, wherein the working surface assumes the contour of the lens as a negative impression. This negative impression is then fixed, whereby the working surface of the variable mold maintains the shape required for the polishing process during polishing.
  • a CNC machine tool has a feed drive with a rotationally driven tool spindle for receiving a polishing tool.
  • a second feed drive at a fixed distance a rotatably mounted tool spindle for receiving a lens and a rotatably mounted parallel to this tool spindle for receiving a dressing tool, such as a pot tool is arranged.
  • a relative pivoting is executable between the polishing tool and the lens or the dressing tool.
  • the polishing tool has a carrier for receiving a polishing agent carrier, which is preferably a polyurethane film. It is trained microprocessor-controlled before and / or after a polishing operation without position change, wherein polishing tool and dressing tool are moved with the same direction of rotation.
  • a working surface is understood as meaning the entirety of all surfaces of a rotating tool that contact a workpiece during one revolution of the tool.
  • the momentarily contacting surface is considered to be the surface of the tool which is in contact with the workpiece at any one time.
  • a rotating tool 2 moves on a likewise rotating workpiece 1, wherein the tool 2 consists of a rubber membrane or a plunger with a glued polyurethane membrane, the so-called polishing foil or surface 2.1.
  • the tool rotates about a tool axis 2.2, the workpiece rotates about a workpiece axis 1.2.
  • the polishing film has a curvature and lies during machining with its center of rotation and a circular, working area 2.4 around the center of rotation on the workpiece 1. It is, for example, by compressed air or a deforming Elastomer pressed.
  • the removal of the workpiece 1 is achieved both by the polishing film, as well as by a constantly supplied liquid.
  • the membrane or the plunger is always placed by means of a CNC program perpendicular to the workpiece surface to be polished 1.1 and slowly guided over the workpiece 1 on a radius.
  • the sub-figures a), b) and c) show individual times of such a movement, both in side view as well as in top view. The choice of the speed profile on the radius controls the removal in order to achieve the desired shape of the workpiece 1.
  • a wheel-shaped polishing tool 2 rotating about a tool axis 2.2 is guided over a workpiece surface 2.1 of a workpiece 1 rotating about a workpiece axis 1.2.
  • the polishing surface 2.1 is mounted on the running surface of the wheel-shaped polishing tool 2 in this case.
  • the entire polishing surface 2.1 acts as a working surface 2.4, wherein at any one time only a momentarily contacting surface 2.3 is in contact with the workpiece surface 1.1.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a method of the type mentioned, in which a lesser wear of the polishing tool or a shorter duration of the polishing process can be achieved, with free-form surfaces and non-rotating workpieces are polished.
  • FIG. 1 shown method polished only with the central portion around the axis of rotation of the polishing tool, which means a minimum machined surface.
  • the working surface and the momentarily contacting surface are identical at all times of polishing.
  • the center point of the partial area of the polishing surface currently touching the workpiece is preferably located away from the axis of rotation of the tool, whereby an enlarged machining surface is used for polishing.
  • the machined surface is a circular ring on the polishing surface. At a small distance, it is a circle whose diameter increases with distance.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to effectively polish edge regions of lenses with a reduced risk of destroying the polishing tool.
  • the extended tool life reduces downtime of the production process.
  • the accuracy of polishing is increased by making the velocity distribution across the working surface more uniform, resulting in fewer errors.
  • the center of the polishing surface as a fulcrum is stationary, while the outer edges of the working surface move at opposite speeds, making accurate machining difficult.
  • any direction parallel to the workpiece axis is regarded as vertical.
  • a commercially available polishing machine can be used when the tool is tilted therein, adjusting a relative angle between the tool axis and a local surface normal of the workpiece in the touched area.
  • the method can be used for convex as well as concave workpieces as well as for convex and concave freeform surfaces such as toroids or cylindrical surfaces.
  • the known polishing machines offer only a limited absolute tilt angle to the vertical for tilting the tool, for example, less than 46 °. Work piece surfaces with slopes greater than this maximum angle can not be machined by the conventional method. With the method according to the invention can be polished with sufficiently curved tool at low tilt angle of the tool surfaces with any increase.
  • a relative angle of more than 0 ° is set, whereby polishing with the center of the polishing surface and the associated disadvantages are avoided.
  • the tool is tilted about an axis perpendicular to the tool axis, which is very easy by means of a CNC program, since tilting in such a direction can be carried out with commercially available polishing machines.
  • the workpiece can be processed quickly in one go by translating the tool along at least part of the workpiece surface.
  • the relative angle is continuously changed during the movement along the workpiece surface.
  • the removal can be adapted to the machined surface of the workpiece.
  • the relative angle is increased to obtain the largest removal there.
  • the tool is consumed evenly in this way.
  • the method can be optimally adapted to the respective application by determining the relative angle to be set on the basis of data of the workpiece and / or of the tool.
  • the relative angle is determined based on the respective relative position of the tool to the workpiece, based on a surface normal of the workpiece at this position, based on a polishing surface normal of the currently touching surface of the tool and / or on the basis of a distance to be achieved. This allows a high machining accuracy.
  • the absolute tilt angle of the tool with respect to the vertical during the translational movement is kept constant.
  • the tool is not tilted at all.
  • the tool must meet the mechanical requirements, in particular sufficiently strong increases at its edge, so that it still touch the workpiece in each increase on the surface of the workpiece can.
  • the contact surface is well predictable.
  • To program with very little effort is such a method in which the absolute tilt angle of the tool during the translational movement with respect to the vertical is kept at 0 °.
  • This variant is preferably used when workpiece and tool have an identical shape.
  • the relative angle can also be set variably such that the track radii of the machined surface on the workpiece and the machining surface on the tool always coincide.
  • the tool is tilted so that the working area of the polishing surface itself has the same radius. This is implicitly the case, for example, if the shape of the workpiece and the tool are the same.
  • a uniform wear of the tool is made possible and optimally effected by the web speed removal at a rotating workpiece adapted to the machined surface.
  • convex workpieces can be processed by the inventive method, by a tool with a flat polishing surface in response to a surface normal of the workpiece is tilted in the touched area about an axis other than the tool axis, wherein the tool axis of the tool is aligned parallel to the surface normal and the tool is displaced parallel to a workpiece surface in the contacted area.
  • the amount of displacement is determined on the basis of a distance to be achieved, which increases the accuracy of the polishing.
  • the control of the tool is simple if the workpiece rotates about a workpiece axis.
  • the polishing process can be accelerated if the rotational movements of workpiece and tool are directed opposite.
  • the opposite web speeds of processed and machined surface allow a higher removal.
  • the tool is expediently pressed against the workpiece surface.
  • the removal is adjustable when the contact pressure is controllable.
  • the workpiece is not damaged when the contact pressure is generated by means of compressed air.
  • FIG. 3 is in the partial figures a), b) and c), which are each shown in a side view and a schematic plan view, a workpiece 1, in this case a lens, with aspheric surface 1.1 polished by a tool 2, which is a tool axis 2.2 rotates.
  • the three subfigures show different times during the polishing process.
  • the workpiece 1 in turn rotates about a workpiece axis 1.2, wherein the rotational directions on the tool 2 side facing the workpiece 1 each other are opposite, the vectors of the angular velocity are thus parallel to each other.
  • the tool 2 contacts the workpiece 1 with a respective momentarily contacting surface 2.3, which is a part of a polishing surface 2.1, wherein the machining surface 2.4 results on the polishing surface 2.1 by the rotation of the tool 2 from the union of all currently touching surfaces 2.3.
  • the shape of the working surface 2.4 depends on the position of the tool 2.
  • the polishing surface 2.1 is acted upon on the side facing away from the workpiece 1 side with an air pressure, whereby it is pressed with a corresponding contact pressure against the workpiece surface 1.1.
  • the air pressure and thus the contact pressure are preferably adjustable, whereby the dependent of the contact pressure removal during polishing is controllable.
  • the tool 2 is tilted in this example by a relative angle 3 between the respective surface normal 1.3 of the workpiece 1 and the tool axis 2.2 of the tool.
  • the tilting takes place about an unillustrated second axis, which is aligned perpendicular to the tool axis 2.2.
  • the partial images a), b) and c) show three different moments of the polishing process, during which the tool 3 is moved along a radius of the workpiece surface 1.1.
  • the relative angle 3 starts at 0 ° in the center of the workpiece 1 and increases continuously during the movement along the workpiece surface 1.1.
  • the absolute tilt angle 4 of the tool 5 to the vertical 5 also increases during the movement, but remains low compared to conventional polishing methods. With a sufficiently curved polishing surface 2.1, therefore, it is also possible to polish steep rises with the method shown.
  • the working surface 2.4 is a circle whose diameter increases with the distance.
  • the machined surface 2.4 represents a circular ring on the polishing surface 2.1.
  • FIG. 4 shows a method in which the relative angle 3 remains constant during the entire movement along the workpiece surface 1.1, in three sections a), b) and c).
  • the polishing surface 2.1 is shown schematically schematically in a view from below in all figures, the respective working surface 2.4 being shown hatched.
  • the working surface 2.4 is due to the constant geometric conditions consistently a circular ring.
  • the absolute tilt angle 4 of the tool to the vertical 5 decreases during the movement, it is in the center of the workpiece 1 maximum. Even with this method steep increases are polishable.
  • the removal by the tool 2 is more uniform in this example during the movement along the workpiece surface 1.1 than in the continuous change of the relative angle. 3
  • the relative angle 3 steadily increases, whereas the absolute tilt angle 4 to the vertical 5 is constantly 0 °.
  • This movement allows a simple position control of the tool 2.
  • the tool 2 is positioned so that the center of the contacting surface has the same orbit radius as the circle touched by it on the workpiece surface 1.1.
  • the working surface 2.4 changes as a result of the variable relative angle 3, similar to that in FIG FIG. 1 shown example. It grows as a function of the distance of the center of the currently touching surface 2.3 from the center of rotation of the polishing surface 2.1.
  • FIG. 6 a variant of the method is shown, in which a tool 2 is used with a flat polishing surface 2.1.
  • the position of the tool 2 is adjusted as in conventional polishing method depending on the position of the tool 2 so that the relative angle 3 between the tool axis 2.2 and the local surface normal 1.3 is constant 0 ° and the polishing surface 2.1 thus aligned tangentially to the workpiece surface 1.1 is.
  • the center of the polishing surface is used only in the center of the workpiece 1, in the outer regions, the tool 2 is moved tangentially to the workpiece surface 1.1, whereby the polishing process is accelerated depending on the rotational speed of the tool 2 or the life of the tool. 2 is increased. Also, the polishing is possible with higher accuracy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé pour le polissage d'une surface d'une pièce (1) au moyen d'un outil (2) rotatif autour d'un axe d'outil (2.2), où la pièce (1) est dans la région d'une surface de pièce (1.1) mise en contact avec une surface (2.3) de contact momentanée, laquelle est au moins une zone partielle d'une surface (2.4) d'usinage, laquelle est elle-même une zone partielle d'une surface de polissage (2.1) de l'outil (2), l'axe d'outil (2.2) traversant la surface de polissage (2.1), la position de l'outil (2) étant réglée de manière que le centre de la surface (2.3) de l'outil (2) en contact momentané avec la pièce (1) soit situé en retrait de l'axe d'outil (2.2), caractérisé en ce que l'outil (2) est pivoté autour d'un axe différent de l'axe d'outil (2.2), un angle relatif (3) entre l'axe d'outil (2.2) et une normale à la surface (1.3) locale de la pièce (1) étant réglé dans la zone mise en contact, en ce que l'outil (2) est déplacé par translation le long d'au moins une partie de la surface de pièce (1.1), et en ce que l'angle relatif (3) est au moins partiellement modifié de manière continue pendant le déplacement par translation le long de la surface de pièce (1.1).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'outil (2) est pivoté autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe d'outil (2.2).
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'angle relatif (3) à régler est déterminé à partir des données de la pièce (1) et/ou de l'outil (2).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'angle relatif (3) est déterminé à partir de la position relative de l'outil (2) par rapport à la pièce (1).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'angle relatif (3) est déterminé à partir d'une normale à la surface (1.3) de la pièce (1) dans la zone de la surface de pièce (1.1) mise en contact dans cette position.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'angle relatif (3) est déterminé à partir d'une normale à la surface de polissage de la surface (2.3) de l'outil (2) en contact momentané avec la surface de pièce (1).
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'angle relatif (3) est déterminé à partir d'un enlèvement de matière à obtenir à la surface de pièce (1.1).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un outil (2) avec une surface de polissage (2.4) plane est pivoté autour d'un axe différent de l'axe d'outil (2.2) en fonction d'une normale à la surface (1.3) de la pièce (1) dans la zone mise en contact, l'axe d'outil (2.2) étant parallèle à la normale à la surface (1.3) et l'outil (2) parallèle à une surface de pièce (1.1) dans la zone mise en contact.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la valeur du déplacement est déterminée à partir d'un enlèvement de matière à obtenir.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pièce (1) est rotative autour d'un axe de pièce (1.2).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les mouvements rotatoires de la pièce (1) et de l'outil (2) sont de sens opposés, si bien que la vitesse relative entre la surface de pièce (1.1) et la surface de polissage (2.1) est accrue dans la zone de surface (2.3) en contact momentané.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'outil (2) est serré contre la surface de pièce (1.1).
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la pression de serrage peut être commandée.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 12 ou la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la pression de serrage est obtenue par air comprimé.
  15. Utilisation du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14 pour le polissage de surfaces optiquement efficaces.
  16. Utilisation du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14 pour l'usinage de lentilles à symétrie de rotation.
EP05791201A 2004-09-30 2005-09-28 Procede pour polir, en particulier, des surfaces de faces optiquement actives, telles que des lentilles Not-in-force EP1796872B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004047563A DE102004047563A1 (de) 2004-09-30 2004-09-30 Verfahren zum Polieren
PCT/DE2005/001712 WO2006034695A1 (fr) 2004-09-30 2005-09-28 Procede pour polir, en particulier, des surfaces de faces optiquement actives, telles que des lentilles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1796872A1 EP1796872A1 (fr) 2007-06-20
EP1796872B1 true EP1796872B1 (fr) 2008-11-26

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EP05791201A Not-in-force EP1796872B1 (fr) 2004-09-30 2005-09-28 Procede pour polir, en particulier, des surfaces de faces optiquement actives, telles que des lentilles

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Country Link
US (1) US7854645B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1796872B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE415241T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102004047563A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2318539T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006034695A1 (fr)

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US8460060B2 (en) 2009-01-30 2013-06-11 Smr Patents S.A.R.L. Method for creating a complex surface on a substrate of glass
KR101584265B1 (ko) * 2010-01-29 2016-01-11 유겐가이샤 코지마 엔지니어링 접시형 숫돌을 이용한 렌즈 구면의 연삭 가공 방법
FR2987771B1 (fr) * 2012-03-07 2014-04-25 Essilor Int Procede de polissage d'une surface optique au moyen d'un outil de polissage
US20140113525A1 (en) * 2012-10-22 2014-04-24 Apple Inc. Methods for finishing surfaces using tool center point shift techniques
JP6766400B2 (ja) * 2016-03-28 2020-10-14 株式会社ニデック 眼鏡レンズ加工装置、及び眼鏡レンズ加工プログラム
DE102017130797B4 (de) * 2017-12-20 2022-06-09 Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V. Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines gewünschten Oberflächenprofils
DE102018202570A1 (de) * 2018-02-20 2019-08-22 Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh Verfahren zum Polieren eines Werkstücks bei der Herstellung eines optischen Elements
JP7337095B2 (ja) * 2018-05-01 2023-09-01 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー 適合性研磨物品
GB2582639B (en) * 2019-03-29 2023-10-18 Zeeko Innovations Ltd Shaping apparatus, method and tool

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DE102016006741A1 (de) 2016-06-06 2017-12-07 Schneider Gmbh & Co. Kg Werkzeug, Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Polieren von Linsen

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ES2318539T3 (es) 2009-05-01
DE102004047563A1 (de) 2006-04-06
DE502005006093D1 (de) 2009-01-08
EP1796872A1 (fr) 2007-06-20
WO2006034695A1 (fr) 2006-04-06
ATE415241T1 (de) 2008-12-15
US20070173176A1 (en) 2007-07-26
US7854645B2 (en) 2010-12-21

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