EP1794458A1 - Procede permettant de faire fonctionner un compresseur a anneau liquide - Google Patents

Procede permettant de faire fonctionner un compresseur a anneau liquide

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Publication number
EP1794458A1
EP1794458A1 EP05787840A EP05787840A EP1794458A1 EP 1794458 A1 EP1794458 A1 EP 1794458A1 EP 05787840 A EP05787840 A EP 05787840A EP 05787840 A EP05787840 A EP 05787840A EP 1794458 A1 EP1794458 A1 EP 1794458A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
liquid ring
gas
compressor
ring compressor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05787840A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Müller
Martin Sesing
Martin Fiene
Oliver Huttenloch
Eckard Stroefer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP1794458A1 publication Critical patent/EP1794458A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C19/00—Rotary-piston pumps with fluid ring or the like, specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C19/00—Rotary-piston pumps with fluid ring or the like, specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C19/004—Details concerning the operating liquid, e.g. nature, separation, cooling, cleaning, control of the supply
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/077—Ionic Liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2210/00—Fluid
    • F04C2210/12—Fluid auxiliary

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a liquid ring compressor.
  • Liquid ring compressors have a wide range of applications. On the one hand they are used to compress gases, on the other hand they can also be used as a vacuum pump for evacuating reactors, containers or other plant components.
  • an impeller with blades attached thereto is arranged eccentrically in a housing.
  • the housing In the housing is a working fluid, which is thrown by rotation of the impeller due to the centrifugal forces occurring on the housing wall.
  • the operating fluid in the housing forms a circumferential liquid ring, through which chambers are formed, each of which is delimited by two blades and the liquid ring.
  • Due to the eccentric arrangement of the impeller in the housing the size of the chambers decreases in the running direction of the impeller.
  • the formation of the liquid ring creates a negative pressure in the chambers. Through this gas is sucked. Due to the rotation of the impeller and the reduction of the chambers, the aspirated gas is compressed and ejected from the liquid ring compressor on the pressure side.
  • Such a liquid ring compressor is known, for example, from Wilhelm R. A. Vauck, Basic Operations in Chemical Process Engineering, 11th revised and expanded edition, Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Stuttgart, 2000.
  • Common operating fluids used to operate the liquid ring compressor are, for example, water, organic solvents or oils.
  • a disadvantage of the operating fluids known from the prior art when the liquid ring compressor is used as a vacuum pump is that the achievable pressures on the suction side of the liquid ring compressor are limited by the vapor pressure of the operating fluid.
  • the operating fluid In order to achieve lower pressures, the operating fluid is currently cooled because the vapor pressure decreases with decreasing temperature.
  • the gas solubility increases with decreasing temperature of the operating fluid. This means that with decreasing temperature of the operating fluid more gas can be dissolved in the liquid.
  • a larger amount of gas in the operating liquid can in turn lead to increased formation of gas bubbles, which lead to cavitation and thus damage to the impeller and the blades.
  • a disadvantage of the operating fluids known from the prior art when the liquid ring compressor is used for compressing gases is that part of the operating fluid is evaporated and expelled from the liquid ring compressor with the compressed gas.
  • a complex gas separation must follow the liquid ring compressor, in which the vaporized operating medium is separated from the gas.
  • Object of the present invention is to develop a method for operating a liquid ring compressor, which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the object is achieved by a method for operating a liquid ring compressor with an impeller eccentrically received in a compressor housing, the gas is supplied to the liquid ring compressor on a suction side and on one side gas is expelled from the liquid ring compressor, which comprises the following steps:
  • Ionic liquids are according to the definition of Peter Wasserscheid and Wilhelm Keim in Angewandte Chemie 2000, 112, p.3926 to 3945 at low temperatures (that is, at temperatures below 100 0 C) melting salts of non-molecular, ionic character.
  • a particularly advantageous property of ionic liquids for use in liquid ring compressors is that they have no measurable vapor pressure. When using the liquid ring compressor as a vacuum pump can thus be achieved pressures that are below the vapor pressure of the currently used operating fluids. When using the liquid ring compressor for compressing gases, no working fluid evaporates, so that the compressed gas is free of any Impurities is. Entrained operating fluid drops can be separated from the gas by a simple droplet separator. A complex gas / liquid separation is eliminated.
  • the pressure on the Saug ⁇ side is less than the atmospheric pressure and on the pressure side equal to the atmospheric pressure.
  • the pressure on the suction side is equal to the atmospheric pressure and on the pressure side greater than the atmospheric pressure.
  • the gas ejected on the pressure side of the liquid ring compressor is supplied to a liquid separator in order to separate off drops of the operating liquid entrained with the gas.
  • the liquid separated in the liquid separator is returned to the liquid-ring compressor.
  • the operating fluid passes through a closed circuit, so that no operating fluid is removed from the process.
  • Suitable liquid separators are, for example, wire knits, random packings, ordered packings or other apparatus known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the devices through which the ionic liquid flows are kept at the operating temperature by heating or cooling.
  • the devices through which the ionic liquid flows are, for example, the liquid ring compressor itself, the liquid separator, pumps required to convey the ionic liquid, and the piping connecting the individual devices.
  • ionic liquids By heating the devices, which are traversed by the ionic liquid, it is also possible to use ionic liquids as operating liquid whose melting point is above ambient temperature.
  • the energy released during the compression of the gas is taken up by the operating fluid and optionally removed via a heat exchanger in the recirculation circuit of the liquid ring compressor.
  • the ionic liquid used for the operation of the liquid ring compressor preferably has a viscosity in the range of 10 to 200 mPas. At viscosities which are above 200 mPas, due to the resistance offered by the liquid, the blades can be torn off at the high rotational speeds with which the impeller rotates. Viscosities below 10 mPas can lead to gas bubbles from one chamber displacing the liquid on account of the pressure decreasing from the pressure side to the suction side and displacing the liquid around one blade into the next chamber stream. Such a gas connection between two chambers can lead to failure of the liquid ring compressor.
  • the ionic liquids used to operate the liquid ring compressor are preferably chemically inert and thermally stable at the operating temperature of the liquid ring compressor.
  • Chemically inert means that the ionic liquid does not react with the gas to be compressed.
  • Thermally stable means that the half-life of the decomposition of the ionic liquid is greater than one year. It is under the
  • Half-life is the period of time during which a given initial amount of the ionic liquid is reduced to half of it.
  • the ionic liquid is not corrosive. This avoids that the housing and the impeller together with blades of the liquid ring compressor corrode and thereby be damaged.
  • the liquid ring compressor can be operated with nitrogen blanketing. Therein, nitrogen coverage means that all devices through which the ionic liquid flows are operated free of atmospheric moisture or other traces of water by flooding the apparatus with nitrogen prior to startup.
  • the operating temperature of the liquid ring compressor is preferably in the range from 25 to 100 ° C. These temperatures can be achieved with relatively low energy costs. At temperatures above 100 ° C, the cost of heating the liquid ring compressor increases greatly.
  • the melting temperature of the ionic liquid is un ⁇ ter 100 0 C, preferably below 70 0 C and particularly preferably below 25 ° C.
  • Ionic liquids in the context of the present invention are salts of the general formula
  • n 1, 2, 3 or 4
  • M 1 , M 2 , M 3 are monovalent metal cations, M 4 are divalent metal cations and M 5 are trivalent metal cations.
  • Such compounds may contain oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur or in particular nitrogen atoms, for example at least one nitrogen atom, preferably 1-10 nitrogen atoms, particularly preferably 1-5, very particularly preferably 1-3 and in particular 1 -2 nitrogen atoms. If desired, it is also possible for further heteroatoms, such as oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus atoms, to be present.
  • the nitrogen atom is a suitable carrier of the positive charge in the cation of the ionic liquid from which, in equilibrium, a proton or an alkyl radical can then be transferred to the anion to produce an electrically neutral molecule.
  • a cation is first generated by quaternization on the nitrogen atom of, for example, an amine or nitrogen heterocycle.
  • the quaternization can take place by protonation or alkylation of the nitrogen atom.
  • salts with different anions are obtained.
  • this is done in a further synthesis step.
  • the halide can be reacted with a Lewis acid, with halide and Lewis acid forming a complex anion.
  • replacement of a halide ion with the desired anion is possible.
  • Suitable alkyl radicals with which the nitrogen atom in the amines or nitrogen heterocycles is quaternized are C 1 to C 18 -alkyl, preferably C 1 to C 10 -alkyl, more preferably C 1 to C 6 -alkyl, and very particularly preferably Methyl.
  • those compounds which contain at least one five- to six-membered heterocycle which has at least one nitrogen atom and, if appropriate, an oxygen or sulfur atom are particularly preferred or has three nitrogen atoms and one sulfur or one oxygen atom, very particularly preferred are those with two nitrogen atoms.
  • Particularly preferred compounds are those which have a molecular weight below 1000 g / mol, very particularly preferably below 500 g / mol and in particular below 250 g / mol.
  • R is hydrogen or a C 1 to C 8 -alkyl radical, preferably a C 1 to C 10 alkyl, be ⁇ Sonders preferably a C 1 to C 6 alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, n-propyl, n Butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl (n-amyl), 2-pentyl (sec-amyl), 3-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-prop-1-yl (neo-pentyl) and n-hexyl, and most preferably methyl.
  • R is hydrogen or a C 1 to C 8 -alkyl radical, preferably a C 1 to C 10 alkyl, be ⁇ Sonders preferably a C 1 to C 6 alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, n-propyl, n Butyl, sec-butyl, tert-but
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 - C 18 alkyl, optionally substituted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen and or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino interrupted C 2 -C 18 alkyl, C 6 -C 14 aryl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl or a five- to six-membered, oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur atoms containing heterocycle, two of them together also form an unsaturated, saturated or aromatic, optionally interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups ring can, wherein said radicals may each be additionally substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or
  • C 1 -C 4 -alkyl which is substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles is, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert.
  • interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups interrupted C 2 -C 18 alkyl for example, 5-hydroxy-3-oxapentyl, 8-hydroxy 3,6-dioxo-octyl, 11-hydroxy-3,6,9-trioxa-undecyl, 7-hydroxy-4-oxa-heptyl, 11-hydroxy-4,8-dioxa-undecyl, 15-hydroxy-4, 8,12-trioxa-pentadecyl,
  • radicals can be taken together, for example, as fused building block 1, 3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 2-oxa-1,3-propylene, 1-oxa-1,3-propylene, 2-oxa -1, 3-propenylene, 1-aza-1, 3-propenylene, 1 -C, -C 4 -alkyl, 1-1 -aza-1, 3-propenylene, 1, 4-buta-1, 3-dienylene , 1-aza-1, 4-buta-1, 3-dienylene or 2-aza-1, 4-buta-1, 3-dienylene.
  • the number of non-adjacent oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or imino groups is basically not limited, or is automatically limited by the size of the remainder or the ring building block. As a rule, it is not more than 5 in the respective radical, preferably not more than 4 or very particularly preferably not more than 3. Furthermore, at least one, preferably at least two, carbon atoms (e) are generally present between two heteroatoms.
  • Substituted and unsubstituted imino groups may be, for example, imino, methylimino, iso-propylimino, n-butylimino or tert-butylimino.
  • the term "functional groups” hen, for example, to the following verste ⁇ : carboxy, carboxamide, hydroxy, di (Ci-C 4 alkyl) amino, -C 4 alkyloxycarbonyl, cyano or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy.
  • C 1 to C 4 -alkyl is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl.
  • C 6 -C 4 -aryl substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles is, for example, phenyl, ToIyI, XyIyI, ⁇ -naphthyl, ⁇ -naphthyl, 4-diphenylyl, chlorophenyl, Dichlorophenyl, trichlorophenyl, difluorophenyl, methylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, trimethylphenyl, ethylphenyl, diethylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, ethoxyphenyl, hexyloxyphenyl, methylnaphthyl, isopropylnaphthyl, chloronap
  • C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl which is substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles is, for example, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, cyclododecyl, methylcyclopentyl, dimethylcyclopentyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, diethylcyclohexyl, Butylcyclohexyl, methoxycyclohexyl, dimethoxycyclohexyl, diethoxycyclohexyl, butylthiocyclohexyl, chlorocyclohexyl, dichlorocyclohexyl, dichlorocyclopentyl and a saturated or unsaturated bicyclic system such as norbornyl or norbomenyl.
  • An optionally substituted by the corresponding groups five- to six-membered, oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur-containing heterocycle is, for example, furyl, thiophenyl, pyrryl, pyridyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, dioxolyl, dioxy, benzimidazolyl, dimethylpyridyl, methylquinolyl, dimethylpyryl Methoxyfuryl, dimethoxypyridyl, difluoropyridyl, methylthiophenyl, isopropylthiophenyl or tert-butylthiophenyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2- (methoxycarbonyl) ethyl, 2- (ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl, 2- (n-butoxycarbonyl) ethyl, dimethylamino, diethylamino and chloro.
  • Particularly preferred pyridinium ions (Ia) are those in which one of the radicals R 1 to R 5 is methyl, ethyl or chlorine and all others are hydrogen, or R 3 Dimethy ⁇ lamino and all others are hydrogen, or are all hydrogen, or R 2 carboxy or carboxamide and all others are hydrogen, or R 1 and R 2 or R 2 and R 3 are 1, 4-buta-1, 3-dienylene and all others are hydrogen.
  • Particularly preferred pyridazinium ions (Ib) are those in which one of the radicals R 1 to R 4 is methyl or ethyl and all others are hydrogen or all hydrogen.
  • Particularly preferred pyrimidinium ions (Ic) are those in which R 2 to R 4 are hydrogen or methyl and R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, or R 2 and R 4 are methyl, R 3 is hydrogen and R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl is.
  • Particularly preferred pyrazinium ions (Id) are those in which R 1 to R 4 are all methyl or all hydrogen.
  • Particularly preferred imidazolium ions (Ie) are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 is selected from among methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-octyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-cyanoethyl and R 2 to R 4 are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.
  • Particularly preferred pyrazolium ions are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 is selected from hydrogen and methyl under hydrogen, methyl and ethyl, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 .
  • Particularly preferred pyrazolium ions (Ig) or (Ig ') are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 is selected from hydrogen, methyl and ethyl and R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are selected from hydrogen and methyl.
  • Particularly preferred pyrazolium ions (Ih) are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 to R 4 are selected from hydrogen and methyl.
  • Particularly preferred 1-pyrazolinium ions (Ii) are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 to R 6 are selected from hydrogen and methyl.
  • Particularly preferred 2-pyrazolinium ions (Ij) or (Ij ') are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 is selected from hydrogen and methyl under hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and phenyl and R 2 to R 6 .
  • Particularly preferred 3-pyrazolinium ions (Ik) are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 and R 2 are selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and phenyl and R 3 to R 6 are selected from hydrogen and methyl.
  • Particularly preferred imidazolinium ions (II) are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-butyl and phenyl and R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen, methyl and ethyl and R 5 or R 6 selected from hydrogen and methyl.
  • Particularly preferred imidazolinium ions (Im) or (Im ') are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 and R 2 are selected from hydrogen, methyl and ethyl and R 3 to R 6 are selected from hydrogen and methyl.
  • Particularly preferred imidazolinium ions (In) or (In ') are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from hydrogen, methyl and ethyl and R 4 to R 6 are selected from hydrogen and methyl.
  • Particularly preferred thiazolium ions (lo) or (lo 1 ) or oxazolium ions (Ip) or (Ip ') are those in which independently of one another R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and phenyl and R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen and methyl are selected.
  • Particularly preferred 1,2,4-triazolium ions (Iq) are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 and R 2 are selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and phenyl and R 3 is selected from hydrogen, methyl and phenyl.
  • Particularly preferred 1,2,3-triazolium ions are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 is selected from hydrogen, methyl and ethyl and R 2 and R 3 are selected from hydrogen and methyl or R 2 and R 3 are 1, 4-buta-1, 3-dienylene and all others are hydrogen.
  • Particularly preferred pyrrolidinium ions (Is) are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 is selected from among hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and phenyl and R 2 to R 9 are selected from hydrogen and methyl.
  • Particularly preferred imidazolidinium ions (It) are those in which, independently of one another, R 1 and R 4 are selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and phenyl and R 2 and R 3 and also R 5 to R 8 are selected from hydrogen and methyl.
  • pyridinium ions and imidazolinium ions are preferable.
  • imidazolinium ions (Ie) in which R, R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from among hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and butyl and R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen.
  • R a , R b and R c are each independently C 1 -C 18 -alkyl, optionally interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups interrupted C 2 -C 18 -alkyl, C 6 -C 4 -aryl or C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl or a five- to six-membered, oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur-containing heterocycle or two thereof, which together form an unsaturated, saturated or form aromatic ring optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups, wherein the radicals mentioned in each case by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, halogen, heteroatoms and or heterocycles may be substituted, with the proviso that at least two of the three radicals R a , R b
  • R is hydrogen or a C 1 to C 18 -alkyl radical, preferably a C 1 to C 10 -alkyl radical, particularly preferably a C 1 to C 6 -alkyl radical, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl (n-amyl), 2-pentyl (sec-amyl), 3-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-prop-1-yl (neo-pentyl) and n-hexyl , and very particularly preferably methyl.
  • R is hydrogen or a C 1 to C 18 -alkyl radical, preferably a C 1 to C 10 -alkyl radical, particularly preferably a C 1 to C 6 -alkyl radical, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-but
  • R a , R b and R c are each, independently of one another, each C 1 -C 18 -alkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl or C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl and particularly preferably C 1 -C 18 -alkyl, where the abovementioned Radicals may each be substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles. Examples of the respective groups are already listed above.
  • R a , R b and R c are preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl (n-amyl), 2-pentyl (sec-amyl ), 3-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-prop-1-yl (neo-pentyl), n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, iso-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyl, 1 , 1-dimethylbutyl, benzyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, (. (- dimethylbenzyl, phenyl, ToIyI, XyIyI, ⁇ -naphthyl, ß-naphthyl, cyclopentyl
  • R a , R b and R c may be, for example, 1,4-butylene or 1,5-pentylene.
  • Examples of the tertiary amines from which the quaternary ammonium ions of the general formula (II) are derived by quaternization with the abovementioned radicals R are diethyl-n-butylamine, diethyl-tert-butylamine, diethyl-n-pentylamine, diethylhexylamine, Diethyloctylamine, diethyl (2-ethylhexyl) amine, di-n-propylbutylamine, di-n-propyl-n-pentylamine, di-n-propylhexylamine, di-n-propyloctylamine, di-n-propyl (2-ethylhexyl ) -amine, di-isopropylethylamine, di-isopropyl-n-propylamine, di-isopropyl-butylamine, di-isopropylpentylamine,
  • Preferred tertiary amines are di-isopropylethylamine, diethyl-tert-butylamine, di-isopropylbutylamine, di-n-butyl-n-pentylamine, N, N-di-n-butylcyclohexylamine and tertiary amines of pentyl isomers.
  • tertiary amines are di-n-butyl-n-pentylamine and tertiary amines of pentyl isomers. Another preferred tertiary amine having three identical residues is triallylamine. A particularly preferred quaternary ammonium ion is methyltributylammonium.
  • radicals R a to R ⁇ independently of one another for a carbon-containing organic, saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic, unsubstituted or interrupted by 1 to 5 heteroatoms or functional groups or substituted radical having 1 to 20 Carbon atoms are, where the radicals R a and R c independently of one another may also be hydrogen; or
  • radicals R a and R b and / or R c and R d together form a divalent, carbon-containing organic, saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic, unsubstituted or by 1 to 5 heteroatoms or functional groups are interrupted or substituted radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and the remaining radicals / the remaining radical are as defined above; or
  • radicals R b and R c together are a divalent, carbon-containing organic, saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic, unsubstituted or 1 to 5 heteroatoms or functional groups interrupted or substituted radical having 1 to 30 Kohlenstoff ⁇ atoms and the remaining radicals are as previously defined.
  • the radicals R a - R e have the meanings defined above for R a -R c .
  • the anion [Y] " " of the ionic liquid is selected, for example
  • R a , R b , R c and R d are each independently hydrogen, C 1 - C 18 alkyl, optionally by one or more non-adjacent oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups interrupted C 2 -C 18 alkyl, C 6 -C 14 aryl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl or a five- to six-membered, oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur atoms ⁇ containing the heterocycle, wherein two of them together may form an unsaturated, saturated or aromatic, optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more unsubstituted or substituted Imi ⁇ no tendency ring, said radicals each additionally by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy , Alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles may be substituted.
  • C 2 -C 18 -alkyl which is interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups are, for example, 5-hydroxy-3-oxapentyl, 8-hydroxy-3, 6-dioxaoctyl, 11-hydroxy-3,6,9-trioxaundecyl, 7-hydroxy-4-oxaheptyl, 11-hydroxy-4,8-dioxaundecyl, 15-hydroxy-4,8,12-trioxapentadecyl, 9-hydroxy 5-oxa-nonyl, 14-hydroxy-5,10-oxatetradecyl, 5-methoxy-3-oxapentyl, 8-methoxy-3,6-dioxo-octyl, 11-methoxy-3,6,9-trioxaundecyl, 7 Methoxy-4-oxaheptyl,
  • radicals can be taken together, for example, as fused building block 1, 3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 2-oxa-1,3-propylene, 1-oxa-1,3-propylene, 2-oxa 1, 3-propenylene, 1-aza-1, 3-propenylene, 1 -CrC 4 -alkyl-1 -aza-1, 3-propenylene, 1, 4-buta-1, 3-dienylene, 1-aza- 1, 4-buta-1, 3-dienylene or 2-aza-1,4-buta-1,3-dienylene.
  • the number of non-adjacent oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or imino groups is basically not limited, or is automatically limited by the size of the remainder or the ring building block. As a rule, it is not more than 5 in the respective radical, preferably not more than 4 or very particularly preferably not more than 3. Furthermore, at least one, preferably at least two, carbon atoms (e) are generally present between two heteroatoms.
  • Substituted and unsubstituted imino groups may be, for example, imino, methylimino, iso-propylimino, n-butylimino or tert-butylimino.
  • C 1 to C 4 -alkyl is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl.
  • C 6 -C 14 -aryl substituted by functional groups are, for example, phenyl, ToIyI, XyIyI, ⁇ -naphthyl, ⁇ -naphthyl, 4-diphenylyl, chlorophenyl, Dichlorophenyl, trichlorophenyl, difluorophenyl, methylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, trimethylphenyl, ethylphenyl, diethylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, ethoxyphenyl, hexyloxyphenyl, methylnaphthyl, isopropylnaphthyl, chloronap
  • C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl which is substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles are, for example, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, cyclododecyl, methylcyclopentyl, dimethylcyclopentyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, diethylcyclohexyl, Butylcyclohexyl, methoxycyclohexyl, dimethoxycyclohexyl, diethoxycyclohexyl, butylthiocyclohexyl, chlorocyclohexyl, dichlorocyclohexyl, dichlorocyclopentyl and a saturated or unsaturated bicyclic system such as norbornyl or norbornenyl.
  • a five- to six-membered, oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur alswei ⁇ sender heterocycle is, for example, furyl, thiophenyl, pyryl, pyridyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, dioxolyl, dioxy, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, dimethylpyridyl, methylquinolyl, dimethylpyryl , Methoxifuryl, dimethoxypyridyl, difluoropyridyl, methylthiophenyl, isopropylthiophenyl or tert-butylthiophenyl.
  • Very particularly preferred anions are Cl “ , SCN ' , SO 4 " , HSO 4 ' , R 3 SO 3 " , R 8 OSO 3 " , R a R b PO 4 " , R 3 COO “ and B (HSO 4 ) 4 ", where R a and R b are each independently selected from methyl and ethyl.
  • Preferred ionic liquids for use in liquid ring compressors are, for example, methyltributylammonium sulfate, 1-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliummethylsulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimida- 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, 3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium monomethylsulfate, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium monoethyl
  • ionic liquids which do not have a corrosive or even passivating effect.
  • ionic liquids which include in particular ionic liquids with sulfate, phosphate, borate, Tetrakishydrogensulfatoborat- or silicate anions.
  • Particular preference is given to solutions of inorganic salts in ionic liquids and to ionic liquids containing metal cations of the type [A 1 ] + [M 1 ] + [Y] 2 , which bring about improved temperature stability of the ionic liquid - And alkaline earth metals or their salts.
  • liquid ring compressors which are operated with an ionic liquid can also be used to seal gases which, after compaction, become pure Form of a column or a reactor can be supplied. For example, particularly high purity requirements are placed on gases in the heterogeneous catalytic conversion of the gas.
  • ionic liquids can be used in the compression of gases, in the compression of which a solid precipitates.
  • gases in the compression of which a solid precipitates.
  • sulfur is produced in the compression of H 2 S with dry compressors.
  • the precipitated sulfur leads to damage, in particular to the seals of the dry compressor, and thus to decreasing compressor performance during operation.
  • the precipitated sulfur is dissolved in the ionic liquid.
  • the hydrogen sulfide is not contaminated by evaporation of the working fluid, since the ionic liquid does not evaporate.
  • the ionic liquid entrained in the compression of the gas in the form of droplets can, for example, be separated from the gas stream by a demister connected downstream of the liquid ring compressor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a process flow diagram for the operation of a liquid ring compressor in a first embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a process flow diagram for the operation of a liquid ring compressor in a second embodiment.
  • the gas to be compressed is fed via a supply line 1 to a liquid ring compressor 2. So that no gas can flow back from the liquid ring compressor 2 via the supply line 1, a check valve 3 is received in the supply line 1.
  • the supplied gas is compressed.
  • an impeller is arranged eccentrically in the liquid ring compressor 2.
  • the impeller is preferably driven by an electric motor 4.
  • the liquid ring compressor 2 is a Radioflüs ⁇ fluid, which flows due to the centrifugal force against the compressor housing by the rotation of the impeller. As a result, a liquid ring is formed in the compressor housing.
  • the amount of operating fluid is chosen so that blades formed on the impeller immerse even with trained liquid ring with their ends in the liquid.
  • liquid separator 6 with a
  • a safety valve 9 is arranged on the liquid separator 6, which opens when the pressure in the liquid separator 6 the permissible gene operating pressure exceeds.
  • the pressure in the liquid separator 6 is monitored with a pressure gauge 10. With a liquid level indicator 1 1, the amount of operating fluid is monitored in the liquid separator 6.
  • part of the operating liquid can be discharged from the liquid separator 6 via a drain valve 12.
  • Solid particles which accumulate in the operating fluid are, for example, metal particles which can be formed by cavitation on the impeller or on the housing of the liquid ring compressor.
  • a heat exchanger 15 is arranged, in which the operating fluid is heated to operating temperature or cooled.
  • the liquid flow rate of the recirculating operating fluid is adjusted so that the amount of fluid in the liquid ring compressor 2 remains constant.
  • the pressure of the returning operating fluid is monitored with a manometer 17, which is also arranged on the return line 13.
  • a check valve 18 is received in the drain line 7.
  • a demister 19 is accommodated in the liquid separator 6 in FIG. In the demister 19 liquid drops are separated from the gas.
  • Demister 19 are for example Draht ⁇ knitted, random packings or ordered packs.
  • a heat exchanger 20 is further included in the liquid separator 6. With the heat exchanger 20, the Tunflüs ⁇ can be heated or cooled to operating temperature.
  • a heat exchanger 20 are, for example, tube bundle, a single coil or a Doppel ⁇ coat, which are each traversed by a temperature control.
  • Tempering media are, for example, heat transfer oils, water or steam.
  • the operating fluid can also be heated electrically.
  • a pump 21 is received in the return line 13 in the embodiment shown in Figure 2.
  • the pump 21 is in particular required for starting the compressor assembly, so that the required to operate the liquid ring compressor 2 amount of operating fluid from the liquid separator 6 is conveyed into the liquid ring compressor 2 ,
  • the dashed line in FIG. 2 shows a tracing heater 22. This is particularly necessary when the temperature of the operating fluid is strongly administrat ⁇ different to the ambient temperature. By means of the tracing heater 22, it is ensured that the operating fluid is kept at a constant temperature. Especially with ionic liquids whose melting point is above the ambient temperature, it can be avoided by the tracer heater 22 that it becomes solid and thus the operation of the liquid ring compressor 2 is disturbed.
  • the dots ⁇ line 5 the return line 13, the pump 21, the filter 14, the flow control valve 16 and the liquid ring compressor 2 are heated by the tracing. In addition to the heating of all devices and piping, which are flowed through by the operating fluid, it is also possible to heat only individual devices or lines.
  • Ionic liquids whose viscosity is in the range between 10 and 200 mPas, are suitable as operating fluids for liquid ring compressors.
  • the viscosities at 25 ° C and 80 0 C are listed below:
  • HMIM 1-methylimidazolium
  • EMIM 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium
  • MTBS methyltributylammonium sulfate
  • DEP diethylphosphate
  • DMP dimethyl phosphate
  • EMIM CH 3 SO 3 EMIM DEP
  • EMIM SCN EMIM Acetate
  • EMIM EtOSO 3 EMIM EtOSO 3
  • BMIM SCN EMIM SCN
  • HMIM Cl HMIM HSO 4 , MTBS, EMIM Cl, EMIM HSO 4 , EMIM CH 3 SO 3 , EMIM DEP, E-MIM EtOSO 3 , BMIM Cl, BMIM HSO 4 , BMIM DMP, BMIM acetate, BMIM MeOSO 3 , EMIM EtOSO 3 and MMI M / EMI M-DMP / DEP can be used at an operating temperature of 8O 0 C.
  • EMIM CH 3 SO 3, DEP and EMIM EMIM EtOSO can also be used at 80 0 C and thus ei ⁇ nen wide temperature range 3, both at 25 ° C as.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un compresseur à anneau liquide qui possède un rotor logé de manière excentrique dans un carter de compresseur, du gaz étant introduit dans le compresseur à anneau liquide d'un côté d'aspiration et du gaz étant évacué dudit compresseur d'un côté de pression. Un anneau de liquide est produit par la rotation du rotor, dans le compresseur à anneau liquide, sur la paroi interne du carter de compresseur. Entre les aubes du rotor et l'anneau de liquide sont formées des chambres dans lesquelles du gaz est aspiré. Le gaz est comprimé dans les chambres qui se rétrécissent du côté d'aspiration vers le côté de pression en raison de la rotation du rotor excentrique. Le gaz comprimé est évacué du côté de la pression. Le liquide de travail utilisé pour produire l'anneau de liquide est un liquide ionique.
EP05787840A 2004-09-17 2005-09-16 Procede permettant de faire fonctionner un compresseur a anneau liquide Withdrawn EP1794458A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102004045173 2004-09-17
PCT/EP2005/009981 WO2006029884A1 (fr) 2004-09-17 2005-09-16 Procede permettant de faire fonctionner un compresseur a anneau liquide

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EP (1) EP1794458A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008513660A (fr)
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WO (1) WO2006029884A1 (fr)

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JP2008513660A (ja) 2008-05-01
KR20070053265A (ko) 2007-05-23
CN101023270A (zh) 2007-08-22
WO2006029884A1 (fr) 2006-03-23
US20070269309A1 (en) 2007-11-22
US7927080B2 (en) 2011-04-19

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