EP1793189B1 - Chaudière de récupération - Google Patents

Chaudière de récupération Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1793189B1
EP1793189B1 EP06024178.3A EP06024178A EP1793189B1 EP 1793189 B1 EP1793189 B1 EP 1793189B1 EP 06024178 A EP06024178 A EP 06024178A EP 1793189 B1 EP1793189 B1 EP 1793189B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stopper
exhaust gas
gas flow
heat boiler
waste
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06024178.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1793189A2 (fr
EP1793189A3 (fr
Inventor
Jiri Dr. Jekerle
Heinrich Dipl.-Ing. Ormann
Klaus Dipl.-Ing. Rothenpieler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arvos GmbH
Original Assignee
Arvos Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arvos Technology Ltd filed Critical Arvos Technology Ltd
Publication of EP1793189A2 publication Critical patent/EP1793189A2/fr
Publication of EP1793189A3 publication Critical patent/EP1793189A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1793189B1 publication Critical patent/EP1793189B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1838—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1884—Hot gas heating tube boilers with one or more heating tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/001—Controlling by flue gas dampers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/007—Control systems for waste heat boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/06—Derivation channels, e.g. bypass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a waste heat boiler, comprising within a cylindrical shell a plurality of heat transfer tubes and a centrally arranged bypass tube, each having an inlet end and an outlet end and comprising a control device to maintain the waste heat recovery gas outlet temperature in a certain temperature range.
  • the invention relates in particular to a waste heat boiler whose control device attaches to the outlet end of the bypass pipe in order to influence the waste heat boiler gas outlet temperature.
  • Waste heat boilers are required for numerous chemical and petrochemical processes, which are fed with different gaseous and / or liquid media on the tube and shell side (channel side).
  • the hot exhaust gas originating from a process is usually supplied to the heat transfer tubes, which are arranged as a tube bundle within the waste heat boiler shell, and to the bypass tube.
  • the hot exhaust gas releases its heat to the shell-side cooling medium, usually water, and is then discharged from the waste heat boiler in a cooled state.
  • a control element arranged at the outlet end of the bypass pipe for example a control flap or a control plug, is exposed to a high thermal load.
  • the currently used control plugs have the disadvantage that exhaust gases from the open Flow bypass outlet end, forming a strong strand, so there is a danger of a hot spot on the wall of the gas outlet chamber.
  • One or more of these hotspots cause thermal damage to the wall of the gas outlet chamber, which in turn leads to undesirably short maintenance intervals or to a shorter service life of the waste heat boiler.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a control plug which on the one hand can withstand the high exhaust gas temperatures and on the other hand avoids the formation of hot strands on exit of the exhaust gas from the bypass pipe outlet end.
  • the above object is solved by the entirety of the features of claim 1.
  • the solution provides that the stopper can be cooled by a cooling medium, that the stopper shaft connected to the stopper can be cooled by means of a cooling medium and the cooling medium can be fed to the stopper via the stopper shaft and that the cooling medium can flow through the stopper and / or the shaft leading guide of the outer wall of the plug and / or the plug shaft is adapted so that between the outer wall and the guide means a gap is formed through which the cooling medium is conductive.
  • the stopper is seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas stream at its downstream end with a relative to the stopper central part radially protruding plug plate plate formed for deflecting the exhaust gas flow in a largely radial direction.
  • the outer diameter Dt of the plug plate plate is formed with at least 1.5 times the outer diameter Dk of the plug top plate.
  • the outer contour of the plug central part over its longitudinal extent at least partially a cylindrical portion.
  • the cylindrical region of the plug results in a fluidically most favorable cross-sectional widening in the gas passage region, which equals a high diffuser effect with a concomitant strong reduction of the gas velocity.
  • the outer contour of the plug central part over its longitudinal extent at least partially a conical region, wherein in a particularly advantageous manner, the conicity of this conical portion of the plug central part corresponds to the taper of the conical outlet end of the bypass tube.
  • the conicity of this conical portion of the plug central part corresponds to the taper of the conical outlet end of the bypass tube.
  • the diffuser effect and thus the reduction of the exhaust gas velocity can be further enhanced by the taper of at least a portion of the conical plug central part deviates from the conicity of the cone-shaped outlet end of the bypass tube, the conicity of this region compared to the conicity of the outlet end of the bypass tube seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas stream divergent runs.
  • the stopper and / or stopper shaft can be designed to be only one-way coolable, so that the cooling medium after its passage through the shaft and / or plug exits from this and enters the flowing stream of exhaust gas.
  • This design results in a structurally and structurally simple solution, wherein the cooling medium entering the exhaust gas stream further cools the hot exhaust gas stream and is disposed of at the same time.
  • the conical outlet end of the bypass tube is advantageously provided on its inside with a lining.
  • the bypass pipe has a larger inner diameter compared with the heat transfer tubes, in order, if appropriate, to be able to bypass a correspondingly high quantity of exhaust gas.
  • FIG. 1 shows a waste heat boiler 1 shown schematically in longitudinal section.
  • the waste heat boiler 1 has an outer casing 2, which encloses a plurality of heat transfer tubes 3 and a centrally arranged bypass tube 4, wherein the tubes 3, 4 are enclosed at their inlet and outlet ends 5, 6 of tube end plates 28, so that within the shell second and the end plates 28 a cavity for the passage of a cooling medium 31 for cooling the hot exhaust gas stream 27 is formed.
  • the bypass tube 4, which preferably has a larger diameter than the heat transfer tubes 3, may be partially or completely thermally insulated over its length to allow hot exhaust gas 27 to flow through the waste heat boiler 1 via the bypass tube 4 without significant heat being released to the cooling medium 31.
  • the waste heat boiler 1 means 7 for introducing a cooling medium 31, preferably water, and means 9 for deriving the cooling medium 31, preferably water / steam.
  • the waste heat boiler 1 takes place between the guided through the heat transfer tubes 3 exhaust gas 27 and the introduced water or cooling medium 31 instead of an indirect heat exchange, wherein the hot exhaust 27 emits heat to the cooling medium 31.
  • the control device 11 comprises a drive 17 which is arranged outside of the waste heat boiler 1 and which axially displaces the plug 12 by means of the plug shaft 16 connected to the plug 12.
  • the passage of the plug stem 16 is sealed by the wall of the gas outlet chamber 30 with a bushing 18.
  • the stopper 12 can be adjusted at the outlet end 6 of the bypass tube 4 such that a desired temperature or a desired temperature range of the exhaust gas 27 is maintained or maintained at the outlet from the waste heat boiler 1.
  • control stopper 12 intervened and acted by reducing or increasing the exhaust gas flow rate through the bypass pipe 4 to the exhaust gas outlet temperature of the waste heat boiler 1. Due to the axial displacement of the plug 12 is also accompanied by a change in the gas velocity within the range outlet end 6 and plug 12.
  • the outlet end 6 of the bypass tube 4 is inventively designed to avoid the gas strands in the flow direction of the exhaust stream 27 seen conically widened.
  • the stopper 12 according to the invention by a cooling medium 32 is designed to cool and it projects into the cone-shaped extended outlet end 6 of the bypass tube 4, wherein the of the inner contour 19 of the bypass tube outlet end 6 and outer contour 20 of the plug 12 formed annular gas passage cross-section 22 extends uniformly or non-uniformly seen within the gas passage region 21 in the gas flow direction.
  • the extension of the annular gas passage cross-section 22 within the gas passage region 21 is given or available regardless of the position of the plug 12 in the open state.
  • the gas passage region 21, which has a gas passage cross-section 22 and extends in the axial direction relative to the bypass tube 4 and whose length Ld is determined by the position of the stopper 12 within the outlet end 6 of the bypass tube 4, is defined as the region 21 in which axial direction or viewed in the gas flow direction, the inner contour 19 of the bypass tube outlet end 6 and the outer contour 20 of the plug 12 according to the FIGS. 2 to 5 overlap or overlap.
  • the stopper 12 is arranged in a compulsory manner coaxial with the bypass tube 4 or its outlet end 6.
  • the conical outlet end 6 of the bypass tube 4 can, as in the FIGS. 2 to 5 shown formed at its inner diameter with a lining 26 to protect the bypass pipe outlet end 6 from heat-related corrosion and erosion.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further variant of an inventive stopper 12, the plug center part 14 is conical.
  • the conical portion 24 of the upstream plug center portion 14 corresponds to the cone of the bypass tube outlet end 6 and the conical portion 25 of the downstream plug center portion 14 deviates from the cone of the bypass tube outlet end 6, with the conicity of the portion 25 opposite the taper of the outlet end 6 of the bypass tube 4 seen in the gas flow direction is divergent.
  • the gas passage cross-section 22 is expanded non-uniformly within the gas passage region 21, since the cross-section 22 widens more in the conical region 25 than in the conical region 24 and thus the diffuser effect is enhanced in the conical region 25 and the exhaust gas velocity within the gas passage region 21 even more relaxed can be.
  • the conical region 25 of the plug central part 23 may be arranged upstream of the conical region 24 of the plug central part 23.
  • the gas passage cross sections 22 within the gas passage regions 21 according to the Figures 2 . 3 and 5 have uniform extensions.
  • FIG. 2 A further variant of a plug 12 designed according to the invention is shown FIG. 2 on, in which the plug center part 14 has a cylindrical portion 23.
  • This variant is characterized by a high diffuser effect within the gas passage region 21, since the gas velocity can be greatly reduced because of the gas passage cross-section 22, which increases greatly in the gas flow direction.
  • the plug-plate plate 15 has according to the Figures 2 . 3 and 4 an outer diameter Dt, which preferably corresponds to at least 1.5 times the outer diameter Dk of the plug top plate 13.
  • a cooling medium or fluid 32 usually water, cooled
  • the stopper 12 supplied cooling medium 32 is first passed through the shaft 16 and after flowing through the Plug 12 is again discharged through the shaft 16 is in accordance with the in FIG. 2 indicated arrows.
  • the cooling medium 32 for example, as in FIG. 2 shown centrally, ie within the guide 33, fed, deflected within the plug 12 and then discharged in a formed by the guide 33 and the outer wall of the shaft 16 concentric annular cross-section over the shaft 16 again.
  • FIG. 3 shows a one-way cooling of the plug 12 and stopper shaft 16 through a cooling medium 32, wherein one-way states that the cooling medium 32 while supplied to the stopper 12 within the shaft 16, but is no longer discharged via the shaft 16.
  • the discharge takes place through the outlet of the cooling medium 32, for example, at an opening 34 of the top plate 13 of the plug 12, wherein the cooling medium 32 is thereby introduced into the flowing past the exhaust gas stream 27.
  • the guide means 33 guiding the cooling medium 32 through the plug 12 and the shaft 16 may be adapted to the outer contour 20 of the plug 12 or the outer wall of the shaft 16 so that a gap is created between the outer wall and the guide 33, through which the cooling medium 32, in FIG usually water, can flow.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Valves (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Chaudière à récupération de chaleur qui comprend à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe cylindrique (2) une pluralité de tubes de transfert de chaleur (3) et un tube bypass (4) disposé au centre, chaque tube présentant une extrémité d'entrée (5) et une extrémité de sortie (6),
    - comprenant un dispositif (7) fixé à l'enveloppe (2) pour amener de l'eau (31) sur le côté enveloppe du tube (3, 4),
    - comprenant un dispositif (8) pour amener un courant de gaz de récupération chaud (27) dans l'extrémité d'entrée (5) du tube (3, 4) et faire passer le courant de gaz de récupération (27) à travers le tube (3, 4) par échange thermique indirect avec l'eau (31) au niveau du côté enveloppe du tube afin de produire de la vapeur et pour refroidir le courant de gaz de récupération introduit,
    - comprenant un dispositif (9) pour évacuer l'eau/la vapeur produite (31) et un dispositif (10) pour évacuer le courant de gaz de récupération refroidi (27),
    - comprenant un dispositif de réglage (11) pour maintenir la température de sortie du gaz de la chaudière à récupération de chaleur dans une plage de température déterminée, la vitesse de passage du gaz et la quantité de gaz dans le tube bypass (4) pouvant être réglées par un bouchon (12) agencé à l'extrémité de sortie (6) du tube bypass (4) et réglable axialement par le dispositif de réglage (11),
    - dans laquelle le bouchon (12) pénètre dans l'extrémité de sortie (6) du tube bypass (4) élargi en forme de cône vu dans le sens d'écoulement du courant de gaz de récupération (27), et dans laquelle la section de passage du gaz (22) s'élargit de façon régulière ou irrégulière vue dans le sens d'écoulement du courant de gaz de récupération (27) et indépendamment de la position du bouchon ouvert (12) à l'intérieur de la zone de passage du gaz (21) chevauchée réciproquement par le contour intérieur (19) de l'extrémité de sortie (6) et par le contour extérieur (20) du bouchon (12),
    caractérisée en ce que le bouchon (12) peut être refroidi par un fluide de refroidissement (32), en ce que la tige de bouchon (16) raccordée au bouchon (12) peut être refroidie par un fluide de refroidissement (32), le fluide de refroidissement (32) pouvant être amené au bouchon (12) par la tige de bouchon (16), et en ce que la chaudière à récupération de chaleur présente un dispositif de guidage (33) guidant le fluide de refroidissement (32) à travers le bouchon (12) et/ou la tige (16), le dispositif de guidage étant adapté à la paroi extérieure du bouchon (12) et/ou de la tige de bouchon (16) de sorte qu'il y a une fente entre la paroi extérieure et le dispositif de guidage (33) par laquelle le fluide de refroidissement (32) peut passer.
  2. Chaudière à récupération de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le bouchon (12) est formé avec une plaque bombée (15) au niveau de son extrémité située en aval vue dans le sens d'écoulement du courant de gaz de récupération (27) pour évacuer le courant de gaz de récupération (27) au niveau du bouchon (12) dans une direction largement radiale.
  3. Chaudière à récupération de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le contour extérieur (20) de la partie médiane du bouchon (14) présente, sur son étendue longitudinale, au moins partiellement une zone cylindrique (23).
  4. Chaudière à récupération de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le contour extérieur (20) de la partie médiane du bouchon (14), sur son étendue longitudinale, présente au moins partiellement une zone conique (24, 25).
  5. Chaudière à récupération de chaleur selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la conicité de la zone conique (24) de la partie médiane de bouchon (14) correspond à la conicité de l'extrémité de sortie de forme conique (6) du tube bypass (4).
  6. Chaudière à récupération de chaleur selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la conicité d'au moins une zone (25) de la partie médiane de bouchon conique (14) s'écarte de la conicité de l'extrémité de sortie de forme conique (6) du tube bypass (4), la conicité de cette zone (25) s'étendant de façon divergente vue dans le sens d'écoulement du courant de gaz de récupération (27) par rapport à la conicité de l'extrémité de sortie (6) du tube bypass (4).
  7. Chaudière à récupération de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le bouchon (12) et/ou la tige de bouchon (16) sont réalisés de façon à pouvoir être refroidis uniquement sur une voie et en ce que le fluide de refroidissement (32), après son passage par la tige (16) et/ou le bouchon (12), sort et pénètre dans le courant de gaz de récupération (27).
  8. Chaudière à récupération de chaleur selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre extérieur (Dt) de la plaque bombée du bouchon (15) correspond au moins à 1,5 fois le diamètre extérieur (Dk) de la plaque de tête du bouchon (13).
  9. Chaudière à récupération de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'extrémité de sortie conique (6) du tube bypass (4) est réalisée au niveau de sa face intérieure avec un garnissage (26).
  10. Chaudière à récupération de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le tube bypass (4) présente un diamètre intérieur supérieur aux tubes de transfert de chaleur (3).
EP06024178.3A 2005-12-01 2006-11-22 Chaudière de récupération Not-in-force EP1793189B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005057674A DE102005057674B4 (de) 2005-12-01 2005-12-01 Abhitzekessel

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1793189A2 EP1793189A2 (fr) 2007-06-06
EP1793189A3 EP1793189A3 (fr) 2013-04-17
EP1793189B1 true EP1793189B1 (fr) 2015-02-25

Family

ID=37814306

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06024178.3A Not-in-force EP1793189B1 (fr) 2005-12-01 2006-11-22 Chaudière de récupération

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7412945B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1793189B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4591839B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN100451528C (fr)
DE (1) DE102005057674B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK1793189T3 (fr)

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EP2482020B2 (fr) 2011-01-31 2022-12-21 Haldor Topsøe A/S Échangeur de chaleur
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DE4438336A1 (de) * 1994-10-27 1996-05-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Magnetventil mit Druckbegrenzung für schlupfgeregelte Kraftfahrzeug-Bremsanlagen
JPH08145590A (ja) * 1994-11-15 1996-06-07 Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha Ltd 熱交換器の温度調節装置
JP3190259B2 (ja) * 1996-07-12 2001-07-23 株式会社クボタ プラグバルブ
GB9812238D0 (en) * 1998-06-08 1998-08-05 Schack Engineering Gb Limited Heat exchanger
JP3705569B2 (ja) * 1999-05-11 2005-10-12 東京瓦斯株式会社 耐熱開閉弁
ES2271434T3 (es) * 2003-07-12 2007-04-16 Borsig Gmbh Intercambiador de calor con un tubo bypas.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1793189A2 (fr) 2007-06-06
DK1793189T3 (en) 2015-04-20
EP1793189A3 (fr) 2013-04-17
DE102005057674A1 (de) 2007-06-06
US7412945B2 (en) 2008-08-19
US20070125317A1 (en) 2007-06-07
CN100451528C (zh) 2009-01-14
DE102005057674B4 (de) 2008-05-08
JP4591839B2 (ja) 2010-12-01
CN1982802A (zh) 2007-06-20
JP2007155328A (ja) 2007-06-21

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