EP1762698B1 - Elément souple pour une cavité souterraine - Google Patents

Elément souple pour une cavité souterraine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1762698B1
EP1762698B1 EP05405530A EP05405530A EP1762698B1 EP 1762698 B1 EP1762698 B1 EP 1762698B1 EP 05405530 A EP05405530 A EP 05405530A EP 05405530 A EP05405530 A EP 05405530A EP 1762698 B1 EP1762698 B1 EP 1762698B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yielding element
element according
yielding
spacer elements
concrete
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05405530A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1762698A1 (fr
Inventor
Felix Amberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Amberg Engineering AG
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Amberg Engineering AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Amberg Engineering AG filed Critical Amberg Engineering AG
Priority to EP05405530A priority Critical patent/EP1762698B1/fr
Priority to DE502005006010T priority patent/DE502005006010D1/de
Priority to AT05405530T priority patent/ATE414841T1/de
Publication of EP1762698A1 publication Critical patent/EP1762698A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1762698B1 publication Critical patent/EP1762698B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/05—Lining with building materials using compressible insertions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a compliance element for a subterranean space according to the preamble of claim 1. With such a compliance element force can be reduced, without this, for example, an outbreak protection is significantly burdened.
  • the DE-C-545 981 disclosed as shaped stones trained compliance elements. These shaped stones are connected to each other like a column with tension wires to form a stamp. Wedge-shaped wood panels form intermediate layers between such compliance elements. The compliance is that the columns can be curved.
  • the DE-B-11 31 172 discloses a track construction in bow or ring form consisting of corrugated and tab connected segments.
  • the EP-A-0 089 403 discloses a compliant concrete segment construction with compliance elements of concrete mortar. So that these compliance elements are not susceptible to thrust movements, they are embedded in these tubes which run perpendicular to the joint and are arranged at a distance from each other. When an intended setting force is exceeded, the concrete mortar first breaks. A deformation of the tubes would occur only after a substantial destruction of the compliance element.
  • the WO 00/11319 discloses a carrier having a container made of polyethylene and formed as a kind of air mattress.
  • the container has an internal space which is expandable by introducing liquid under pressure.
  • a compliant composite structure which has a plurality of arranged in the longitudinal direction of the underground storage arched expansion frame. These each have development segments that are relentlessly connected according to the so-called convergence.
  • squeezing elements are provided, which can be crimped together under the influence of the rock pressure in their transverse direction. These crimping elements rest on the expansion segments and against a shotcrete layer. These squeeze elements are made of cellular concrete or are made as a box structure of sheet metal.
  • compliance elements that have nested tube elements. These can be crimped by folding the tubes, similar to a bellows. There is also an embodiment in which two pipe elements are telescoped into each other. These tubes are designed as steel tubes and deform when a predetermined pressure is exceeded.
  • the US 4997317 discloses another compliance element.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a compliance element of the type mentioned, which can be made even easier and cheaper and which is also suitable as an endless composite element.
  • the invention is achieved in a generic compliance element according to claim 1:
  • the compliance is achieved in that the gaps of the honeycomb structure are compressible.
  • a significant advantage of the inventive compliance element is seen in the fact that the shape is adaptable to a great extent and that it is adjustable to different resistance sizes.
  • the compliance element does not form a joint, but rather an endless composite element. For example, by injecting cellular concrete into the gaps, even higher bending moments and higher forces can be absorbed.
  • the compliance element is designed to be parallel to the radial or wedge-shaped in an arcuate configuration. In each case, it is able to absorb transverse and bending forces and not just normal forces.
  • a particularly simple and very stable compliance element is obtained when this is formed layered according to a development of the invention.
  • the height can be adjusted by any appropriate number and spacing of the layers in a simple manner substantially.
  • the compliance element is preferably inserted between two arch extensions or behind the expansion to the mountain mantle.
  • the invention has a plurality of clipboards and between them at least two spacer elements.
  • the clipboards and spacer elements can be placed loosely on top of each other or they can be firmly connected to each other, for example welded together.
  • the clipboards are preferably substantially flat deformable panels. These consist for example of steel.
  • the spacers are preferably made of solid or hollow profiles. Due to the shape and in particular by the cross sections of the hollow sections and the solid profiles different properties and in particular stiffness can be achieved. Preferred profiles are in cross-section T-, L- Z-, V- or U-shaped. But here are other profiles possible.
  • the spacers may be made of plastic, wood, steel, concrete or other suitable material.
  • the compliance element is designed such that after exceeding a certain crushing distance the resistance increases under the influence of the rock pressure. This is achieved in particular in that the compliance element is produced from different clipboards and / or spacer elements. In addition, gaps can be selected across the squish direction of different sizes.
  • the inventive compliance element is also suitable for tubbing removal.
  • the compliance element is then placed between two segments.
  • the compliance element can also be used in a sheet removal with lattice girders.
  • the invention also relates to an expansion in a subterranean structure, which has at least one mentioned inventive compliance element.
  • This is preferably but not necessarily designed as an endless composite element.
  • the expansion is intended in particular as a tunnel, but are also conceivable other extensions, for example, for a route propulsion in mining.
  • the FIG. 1 shows a compliance element 1, which according to the FIGS. 5 and 6 in front of a surface 17 of a rock 15 in a construction 36 is inserted.
  • the expansion 36 is here, for example, a conventional per se development of a tunnel with a radius according to arrow 25.
  • the compliance element 1 is provided in the embodiment shown here for the substantially vertical application area, ie there are vertical forces due to a rock pressure after. It is also conceivable, however, a substantially horizontal application.
  • the compliance element 1 can be used per se at any point of the expansion, for example, be arranged behind an expansion to the rock 15.
  • two supports 18 can be arranged, which each have two overlapping profile rails 19 and 20, which are each anchored in a locus or shotcrete layer 14.
  • the profile rails 19 and 20 are each connected to three clamping members 21 with each other.
  • the clamping members 21 each consist in a known manner of two parts which are connected to each other with clamping screws 22, and which connect the cross-sectionally U-shaped rails 19 and 20 with each other.
  • the connection of the two rails 19 and 20 allow a displacement of the rails 19 and 20 against each other in the longitudinal direction of the supports 18th
  • the compliance element 1 is according to the in the in FIG. 1 shown honeycomb shape. It has intermediate shelves 10 and spacer elements 11. Between the spaced-apart clipboards 10 and the spacer elements 11 there are gaps 12 and spaces, which are as shown offset from each other.
  • the clipboards 10 are, for example, flat rectangular plates, which according to the FIGS. 2 and 3 much longer than they are wide.
  • the clipboards 10 are made of a plastically deformable material, such as metal and in particular steel and may be flat or uneven, for example, be wavy.
  • the spacers 11 are preferably solid or hollow profiles, according to the FIGS. 2 and 3 have a length substantially equal to the width of the clipboards 10. This length or width is for example 200 mm.
  • the structure of the compliance elements 1 may also be considered as layered become.
  • the layers are each formed from a clipboard and at least two spacer elements 11.
  • the spacer elements 11 of adjacent layers are offset as shown. Between two spacer elements 11 of a layer, a spacer element 11 is arranged approximately centrally in the adjacent layer.
  • the clipboards 10 and the spacer elements 11 can be firmly connected to each other, for example welded or screwed. It is also conceivable, however, an embodiment in which the clipboards 10 and the spacer elements 11 are stacked without a fixed connection.
  • the number and spacing of the spacer elements 11 may vary, for example, more than three spacer elements 11 may be arranged in a layer.
  • the distances between the spacer elements 11 may also be larger or smaller. In the embodiment shown, the distance between two adjacent spacer elements 11 in a layer is about 300 mm.
  • the resilience of the compliance element 1 is here also substantially aligned against vertical forces, which in the FIGS. 4 and 5 are indicated by the arrows 23 and 24. These forces are directed according to the arrows 23 and 24 against each other and against the compliance element 1. If these forces reach a certain size, the compliance element 1 is compressed and accordingly a gap 13 between the shotcrete layers 14 is reduced. The compliance element 1 is plastically deformed. The deformation mainly detects the clipboards 10, which in this case from a substantially horizontal shape in a wavy shape according to the FIG. 4 pass. Here, the gaps 12 ( Fig. 1 ) reduced. The spacers 11 are usually also deformed to some extent, but to a lesser extent than the clipboards 10. Die FIG. 4 is somewhat idealized in this regard. It is essential, however, that the compression takes place essentially only in the direction of the forces according to the arrows 23 and 24. The compliance element 1 can hereby absorb high lateral forces and also bending forces and thus not only normal forces.
  • the compliance height is comparatively high and is for example half the initial height.
  • the height of the compliance element is 1 according to FIG. 1 796 mm and after crushing according to FIG. 4 496 mm.
  • the clamping members 21 hold these profiles 19 and 20 together sliding.
  • a horizontal or inclined compression is possible.
  • the compliance element 1 can thus be arranged so that the clipboards 10 and the spacer elements 11 lie in a vertical plane.
  • a material can be injected or introduced in any other way.
  • concrete and in particular aerated concrete can be injected.
  • the resistance of the compliance element 1 against compression can be substantially increased.
  • the compliance element 1 can also be formed as an endless composite element.
  • the compliance element 1 is bounded in each case by a preferably flat plate 35, which bears against the concrete 14 and is anchored therein in each case with reinforcement hooks 16 and auxiliary elements 37. These two plates 35 are not or only slightly deformed during the pinch.
  • the resistance variable can be adjusted in a wide range.
  • the resistance variable can be additionally increased by injection, in particular of aerated concrete.
  • FIGS. 7a to 7n some preferred embodiments of further compliance elements 2 to 9 and 38 to 40 show. These differ in particular by the cross sections of the spacer elements, which are provided here with the reference numerals 27 to 34.
  • the spacer elements 27 to 29 are formed as hollow profiles. In principle, corresponding rectangular hollow profiles can be used.
  • the spacer 28 has according to the FIG. 7b a T-shaped cross-section.
  • the spacer 30 has according to FIG. 7d a Z-shaped Cross-section.
  • the spacer 31 according to Figure 7e has a U-shaped cross-section, wherein two adjacent spacer elements 31 of the upper and the lower layer are applied to each other.
  • At the compliance element 7 according to Figure 7f are channel-shaped spacer elements 32 are provided.
  • spacers 33 which are V-shaped in cross-section, in which case these spacers 33 are not offset as can be seen.
  • the spacers 34 according to FIG. 7h have the cross section shown here and these are also offset from each other.
  • Some of the spacer elements 27 to 34 shown can be procured and manufactured very economically from commercially available profiles, in particular from steel profiles. This also applies to the clipboards 10, so that the compliance elements 1 to 9 can be produced very inexpensively.
  • the in the FIGS. 7i to 7n shown yielding elements 38 to 40 are formed so that they additionally increases after exceeding a predetermined crushing under the influence of the rock pressure of the resistor.
  • the compliance elements 38 to 40 achieve a much higher resistance during the squeezing process.
  • first, intermediate trays and spacers are substantially crushed against each other, which together have a lower plastic resistance than other intermediate trays and spacers.
  • the compliance elements 38 and 39 it is the layers with the spacers 41 and 45 that are substantially first squeezed.
  • the spacer elements 41 are V-shaped and offer a smaller resistance to plastic deformation than the spacers 42 formed as hollow profiles.
  • the spacer elements 45 are smaller and thinner-walled than the spacer elements 42. In the layers with the spacer elements 42, spacer elements 43 and 44 also become effective after a predetermined compression and thus increase the resistance.
  • the Figure 7l shows the compliance element 39 'after a partial compression, in particular, the spacer elements 45' are plastically deformed.
  • Spacers 46 are provided, which are formed in cross-section approximately H-shaped.
  • the according to Figure 7n partially plastically deformed spacers 46 'can be further deformed only at a much higher pressure.
  • the resistance of individual layers can also be changed by gaps of different widths.
  • the invention thus provides a compliance element which is not only robust and reliable, but can also be manufactured and assembled cost-effectively.
  • the compliance element is particularly but not exclusively especially for tunneling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Elément flexible pour une cavité souterraine, qui peut être comprimé sous l'effet de la pression de la roche et qui présente une structure en nids d'abeilles avec des cavités intermédiaires (12), qui sont réduites lorsque des forces d'une amplitude prédéterminée agissent sur l'élément flexible en raison de la pression de la roche et compriment l'élément flexible en le déformant plastiquement, la structure en nids d'abeilles se présentant sous forme stratifiée et possédant des supports intermédiaires (10) ainsi que des éléments d'espacement (11), entre lesquels lesdites cavités intermédiaires (12) sont formées, caractérisé en ce que la déformation s'exerce principalement sur les supports intermédiaires (10).
  2. Elément flexible selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il forme un élément composite sans fin.
  3. Elément flexible selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il est disposé entre deux parties, en particulier des structures de soutènement cintrées ou des éléments préfabriqués, notamment des éléments de cuvelage.
  4. Elément flexible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il est disposé dans du béton coulé sur place ou du béton projeté.
  5. Elément flexible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente plusieurs supports intermédiaires (10), et entre ceux-ci, à chaque fois au moins un élément d'espacement (11, 27-34, 41-46).
  6. Elément flexible selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les supports intermédiaires (10) sont sensiblement parallèles les uns aux autres.
  7. Elément flexible selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que les supports intermédiaires (10) sont des plaques déformables plastiquement.
  8. Elément flexible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'espacement (11, 27-34, 41-46) sont réalisés sous forme de profilés pleins ou creux.
  9. Elément flexible selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les profilés sont réalisés avec une section transversale sensiblement en forme de H, de T, de L, de Z, de V ou de U.
  10. Elément flexible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'espacement (11, 27-34, 41-46) sont fabriqués en plastique, en bois, en acier, en béton et notamment en béton poreux.
  11. Elément flexible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'espacement (11, 27-34, 41-46) sont disposés en couches et sont disposés à chaque fois entre deux supports intermédiaires (10), et en ce que les éléments d'espacement (11, 27-34, 41-46) de couches adjacentes sont décalés les uns par rapport aux autres.
  12. Elément flexible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'à chaque fois entre deux éléments d'espacement (11, 27-34), est formé un espace intermédiaire (12) ou un vide, qui est réduit lors de la compression par déformation des supports intermédiaires (10).
  13. Elément flexible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les supports intermédiaires (10) sont plans ou non plans et notamment sont ondulés.
  14. Elément flexible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente des couches de résistance différente, de sorte qu'une résistance plus élevée soit obtenue après le dépassement d'une section d'écrasement prédéterminée sous l'influence de la pression de la roche.
  15. Soutènement dans une cavité souterraine, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente au moins un élément flexible (1-9) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14.
  16. Soutènement selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que l'élément flexible (1-9) forme un élément composite sans fin.
  17. Soutènement selon la revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce qu'un matériau, notamment du béton, est incorporé et notamment projeté dans l'élément flexible (1-9).
  18. Soutènement selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que le matériau est un béton poreux.
  19. Soutènement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il s'agit d'un soutènement de tunnel, d'une caverne ou d'une galerie d'exploitation.
EP05405530A 2005-09-08 2005-09-08 Elément souple pour une cavité souterraine Not-in-force EP1762698B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05405530A EP1762698B1 (fr) 2005-09-08 2005-09-08 Elément souple pour une cavité souterraine
DE502005006010T DE502005006010D1 (de) 2005-09-08 2005-09-08 Nachgiebigkeitselement für einen Untertageraum
AT05405530T ATE414841T1 (de) 2005-09-08 2005-09-08 Nachgiebigkeitselement für einen untertageraum

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05405530A EP1762698B1 (fr) 2005-09-08 2005-09-08 Elément souple pour une cavité souterraine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1762698A1 EP1762698A1 (fr) 2007-03-14
EP1762698B1 true EP1762698B1 (fr) 2008-11-19

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05405530A Not-in-force EP1762698B1 (fr) 2005-09-08 2005-09-08 Elément souple pour une cavité souterraine

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EP (1) EP1762698B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE414841T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502005006010D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE502007001042D1 (de) * 2007-09-27 2009-08-20 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Nachgiebigkeitselement
DE102009057521B4 (de) 2009-12-10 2011-07-21 Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG, 44793 Tübbing-Ausbau mit integriertem Nachgiebigkeitselement
DE102014103477A1 (de) 2014-03-14 2015-09-17 Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG Ausbausystem für untertägige Tunnel oder Strecken, Ausbaueinheit sowie Bogensegment
CN112228118B (zh) * 2020-11-09 2023-07-18 中铁隧道勘察设计研究院有限公司 地铁暗挖车站控制导洞变形的施工方法
AT17900U1 (de) * 2021-12-10 2023-07-15 Implenia Schweiz Ag Vorrichtung zur Aufnahme von Gebirgsverformungen im Untertagebau und Verwendung eines Polystyrol-Stauchelements

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE531837A (fr) *
DE457523C (de) * 1925-05-26 1928-03-19 Max Adolph Herstellung von Grubenausbauten, bei der Eisenbewehrungen an Ort und Stelle mit Beton eingespritzt werden
DE545981C (de) * 1929-11-05 1932-03-08 Carl Boehm Dauerausbau, dessen Stempel aus Formsteinen und nachgiebigen Einlagen zusammengesetzt werden
DE1131172B (de) * 1959-02-10 1962-06-14 Alexander Schmidt Dr Streckenausbau
DE3210530C2 (de) * 1982-03-23 1984-01-05 Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen Nachgiebiger Betonsegmentausbau
DE3806126A1 (de) * 1988-02-26 1989-09-07 Neuero Stahlbau Gmbh & Co Geschlossener ausbau fuer insbesondere untertaegige grubenstrecken
DE3927446C1 (en) 1989-08-19 1991-03-14 Bochumer Eisenhuette Heintzmann Gmbh & Co Kg, 4630 Bochum, De Yieldable tunnel wall support - has segmental frames with sprayed concrete and infill
DE4014437A1 (de) 1989-12-13 1991-06-20 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Verfahren zum ausbau einer strecke mit nachgiebigen streckenausbauboegen und fuer das verfahren geeignete verzugmatten
DE4015585C1 (fr) 1990-05-15 1991-11-21 Peter Von Dipl.-Ing. 4630 Bochum De Linsingen-Heintzmann
AU5929799A (en) * 1998-08-24 2000-03-14 Grinaker Construction Limited Method of and apparatus for prestressing a support in underground mines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502005006010D1 (de) 2009-01-02
ATE414841T1 (de) 2008-12-15
EP1762698A1 (fr) 2007-03-14

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