EP1762698B1 - Yielding element for an underground cavity - Google Patents

Yielding element for an underground cavity Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1762698B1
EP1762698B1 EP05405530A EP05405530A EP1762698B1 EP 1762698 B1 EP1762698 B1 EP 1762698B1 EP 05405530 A EP05405530 A EP 05405530A EP 05405530 A EP05405530 A EP 05405530A EP 1762698 B1 EP1762698 B1 EP 1762698B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yielding element
element according
yielding
spacer elements
concrete
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Not-in-force
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EP05405530A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1762698A1 (en
Inventor
Felix Amberg
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Amberg Engineering AG
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Amberg Engineering AG
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Priority to EP05405530A priority Critical patent/EP1762698B1/en
Priority to DE502005006010T priority patent/DE502005006010D1/en
Priority to AT05405530T priority patent/ATE414841T1/en
Publication of EP1762698A1 publication Critical patent/EP1762698A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1762698B1 publication Critical patent/EP1762698B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/05—Lining with building materials using compressible insertions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a compliance element for a subterranean space according to the preamble of claim 1. With such a compliance element force can be reduced, without this, for example, an outbreak protection is significantly burdened.
  • the DE-C-545 981 disclosed as shaped stones trained compliance elements. These shaped stones are connected to each other like a column with tension wires to form a stamp. Wedge-shaped wood panels form intermediate layers between such compliance elements. The compliance is that the columns can be curved.
  • the DE-B-11 31 172 discloses a track construction in bow or ring form consisting of corrugated and tab connected segments.
  • the EP-A-0 089 403 discloses a compliant concrete segment construction with compliance elements of concrete mortar. So that these compliance elements are not susceptible to thrust movements, they are embedded in these tubes which run perpendicular to the joint and are arranged at a distance from each other. When an intended setting force is exceeded, the concrete mortar first breaks. A deformation of the tubes would occur only after a substantial destruction of the compliance element.
  • the WO 00/11319 discloses a carrier having a container made of polyethylene and formed as a kind of air mattress.
  • the container has an internal space which is expandable by introducing liquid under pressure.
  • a compliant composite structure which has a plurality of arranged in the longitudinal direction of the underground storage arched expansion frame. These each have development segments that are relentlessly connected according to the so-called convergence.
  • squeezing elements are provided, which can be crimped together under the influence of the rock pressure in their transverse direction. These crimping elements rest on the expansion segments and against a shotcrete layer. These squeeze elements are made of cellular concrete or are made as a box structure of sheet metal.
  • compliance elements that have nested tube elements. These can be crimped by folding the tubes, similar to a bellows. There is also an embodiment in which two pipe elements are telescoped into each other. These tubes are designed as steel tubes and deform when a predetermined pressure is exceeded.
  • the US 4997317 discloses another compliance element.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a compliance element of the type mentioned, which can be made even easier and cheaper and which is also suitable as an endless composite element.
  • the invention is achieved in a generic compliance element according to claim 1:
  • the compliance is achieved in that the gaps of the honeycomb structure are compressible.
  • a significant advantage of the inventive compliance element is seen in the fact that the shape is adaptable to a great extent and that it is adjustable to different resistance sizes.
  • the compliance element does not form a joint, but rather an endless composite element. For example, by injecting cellular concrete into the gaps, even higher bending moments and higher forces can be absorbed.
  • the compliance element is designed to be parallel to the radial or wedge-shaped in an arcuate configuration. In each case, it is able to absorb transverse and bending forces and not just normal forces.
  • a particularly simple and very stable compliance element is obtained when this is formed layered according to a development of the invention.
  • the height can be adjusted by any appropriate number and spacing of the layers in a simple manner substantially.
  • the compliance element is preferably inserted between two arch extensions or behind the expansion to the mountain mantle.
  • the invention has a plurality of clipboards and between them at least two spacer elements.
  • the clipboards and spacer elements can be placed loosely on top of each other or they can be firmly connected to each other, for example welded together.
  • the clipboards are preferably substantially flat deformable panels. These consist for example of steel.
  • the spacers are preferably made of solid or hollow profiles. Due to the shape and in particular by the cross sections of the hollow sections and the solid profiles different properties and in particular stiffness can be achieved. Preferred profiles are in cross-section T-, L- Z-, V- or U-shaped. But here are other profiles possible.
  • the spacers may be made of plastic, wood, steel, concrete or other suitable material.
  • the compliance element is designed such that after exceeding a certain crushing distance the resistance increases under the influence of the rock pressure. This is achieved in particular in that the compliance element is produced from different clipboards and / or spacer elements. In addition, gaps can be selected across the squish direction of different sizes.
  • the inventive compliance element is also suitable for tubbing removal.
  • the compliance element is then placed between two segments.
  • the compliance element can also be used in a sheet removal with lattice girders.
  • the invention also relates to an expansion in a subterranean structure, which has at least one mentioned inventive compliance element.
  • This is preferably but not necessarily designed as an endless composite element.
  • the expansion is intended in particular as a tunnel, but are also conceivable other extensions, for example, for a route propulsion in mining.
  • the FIG. 1 shows a compliance element 1, which according to the FIGS. 5 and 6 in front of a surface 17 of a rock 15 in a construction 36 is inserted.
  • the expansion 36 is here, for example, a conventional per se development of a tunnel with a radius according to arrow 25.
  • the compliance element 1 is provided in the embodiment shown here for the substantially vertical application area, ie there are vertical forces due to a rock pressure after. It is also conceivable, however, a substantially horizontal application.
  • the compliance element 1 can be used per se at any point of the expansion, for example, be arranged behind an expansion to the rock 15.
  • two supports 18 can be arranged, which each have two overlapping profile rails 19 and 20, which are each anchored in a locus or shotcrete layer 14.
  • the profile rails 19 and 20 are each connected to three clamping members 21 with each other.
  • the clamping members 21 each consist in a known manner of two parts which are connected to each other with clamping screws 22, and which connect the cross-sectionally U-shaped rails 19 and 20 with each other.
  • the connection of the two rails 19 and 20 allow a displacement of the rails 19 and 20 against each other in the longitudinal direction of the supports 18th
  • the compliance element 1 is according to the in the in FIG. 1 shown honeycomb shape. It has intermediate shelves 10 and spacer elements 11. Between the spaced-apart clipboards 10 and the spacer elements 11 there are gaps 12 and spaces, which are as shown offset from each other.
  • the clipboards 10 are, for example, flat rectangular plates, which according to the FIGS. 2 and 3 much longer than they are wide.
  • the clipboards 10 are made of a plastically deformable material, such as metal and in particular steel and may be flat or uneven, for example, be wavy.
  • the spacers 11 are preferably solid or hollow profiles, according to the FIGS. 2 and 3 have a length substantially equal to the width of the clipboards 10. This length or width is for example 200 mm.
  • the structure of the compliance elements 1 may also be considered as layered become.
  • the layers are each formed from a clipboard and at least two spacer elements 11.
  • the spacer elements 11 of adjacent layers are offset as shown. Between two spacer elements 11 of a layer, a spacer element 11 is arranged approximately centrally in the adjacent layer.
  • the clipboards 10 and the spacer elements 11 can be firmly connected to each other, for example welded or screwed. It is also conceivable, however, an embodiment in which the clipboards 10 and the spacer elements 11 are stacked without a fixed connection.
  • the number and spacing of the spacer elements 11 may vary, for example, more than three spacer elements 11 may be arranged in a layer.
  • the distances between the spacer elements 11 may also be larger or smaller. In the embodiment shown, the distance between two adjacent spacer elements 11 in a layer is about 300 mm.
  • the resilience of the compliance element 1 is here also substantially aligned against vertical forces, which in the FIGS. 4 and 5 are indicated by the arrows 23 and 24. These forces are directed according to the arrows 23 and 24 against each other and against the compliance element 1. If these forces reach a certain size, the compliance element 1 is compressed and accordingly a gap 13 between the shotcrete layers 14 is reduced. The compliance element 1 is plastically deformed. The deformation mainly detects the clipboards 10, which in this case from a substantially horizontal shape in a wavy shape according to the FIG. 4 pass. Here, the gaps 12 ( Fig. 1 ) reduced. The spacers 11 are usually also deformed to some extent, but to a lesser extent than the clipboards 10. Die FIG. 4 is somewhat idealized in this regard. It is essential, however, that the compression takes place essentially only in the direction of the forces according to the arrows 23 and 24. The compliance element 1 can hereby absorb high lateral forces and also bending forces and thus not only normal forces.
  • the compliance height is comparatively high and is for example half the initial height.
  • the height of the compliance element is 1 according to FIG. 1 796 mm and after crushing according to FIG. 4 496 mm.
  • the clamping members 21 hold these profiles 19 and 20 together sliding.
  • a horizontal or inclined compression is possible.
  • the compliance element 1 can thus be arranged so that the clipboards 10 and the spacer elements 11 lie in a vertical plane.
  • a material can be injected or introduced in any other way.
  • concrete and in particular aerated concrete can be injected.
  • the resistance of the compliance element 1 against compression can be substantially increased.
  • the compliance element 1 can also be formed as an endless composite element.
  • the compliance element 1 is bounded in each case by a preferably flat plate 35, which bears against the concrete 14 and is anchored therein in each case with reinforcement hooks 16 and auxiliary elements 37. These two plates 35 are not or only slightly deformed during the pinch.
  • the resistance variable can be adjusted in a wide range.
  • the resistance variable can be additionally increased by injection, in particular of aerated concrete.
  • FIGS. 7a to 7n some preferred embodiments of further compliance elements 2 to 9 and 38 to 40 show. These differ in particular by the cross sections of the spacer elements, which are provided here with the reference numerals 27 to 34.
  • the spacer elements 27 to 29 are formed as hollow profiles. In principle, corresponding rectangular hollow profiles can be used.
  • the spacer 28 has according to the FIG. 7b a T-shaped cross-section.
  • the spacer 30 has according to FIG. 7d a Z-shaped Cross-section.
  • the spacer 31 according to Figure 7e has a U-shaped cross-section, wherein two adjacent spacer elements 31 of the upper and the lower layer are applied to each other.
  • At the compliance element 7 according to Figure 7f are channel-shaped spacer elements 32 are provided.
  • spacers 33 which are V-shaped in cross-section, in which case these spacers 33 are not offset as can be seen.
  • the spacers 34 according to FIG. 7h have the cross section shown here and these are also offset from each other.
  • Some of the spacer elements 27 to 34 shown can be procured and manufactured very economically from commercially available profiles, in particular from steel profiles. This also applies to the clipboards 10, so that the compliance elements 1 to 9 can be produced very inexpensively.
  • the in the FIGS. 7i to 7n shown yielding elements 38 to 40 are formed so that they additionally increases after exceeding a predetermined crushing under the influence of the rock pressure of the resistor.
  • the compliance elements 38 to 40 achieve a much higher resistance during the squeezing process.
  • first, intermediate trays and spacers are substantially crushed against each other, which together have a lower plastic resistance than other intermediate trays and spacers.
  • the compliance elements 38 and 39 it is the layers with the spacers 41 and 45 that are substantially first squeezed.
  • the spacer elements 41 are V-shaped and offer a smaller resistance to plastic deformation than the spacers 42 formed as hollow profiles.
  • the spacer elements 45 are smaller and thinner-walled than the spacer elements 42. In the layers with the spacer elements 42, spacer elements 43 and 44 also become effective after a predetermined compression and thus increase the resistance.
  • the Figure 7l shows the compliance element 39 'after a partial compression, in particular, the spacer elements 45' are plastically deformed.
  • Spacers 46 are provided, which are formed in cross-section approximately H-shaped.
  • the according to Figure 7n partially plastically deformed spacers 46 'can be further deformed only at a much higher pressure.
  • the resistance of individual layers can also be changed by gaps of different widths.
  • the invention thus provides a compliance element which is not only robust and reliable, but can also be manufactured and assembled cost-effectively.
  • the compliance element is particularly but not exclusively especially for tunneling.

Abstract

The yielding component (1) has a honeycomb structure, and can be squeezed under the influence of ground pressure without deteriorating strength and without damaging a breakage safety device. The yielding component includes an endless connector formed in sections and comprises of prefabricated portions. The yielding component may be formed using localized concrete or spray concrete. The yielding component also includes intermediate layers (10) arranged between spacers (11), such that intermediate layers are arranged parallel to each other, and are provided in the form of plastic plates. An independent claim is included for the development process using the yielding component.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Nachgiebigkeitselement für einen Untertageraum nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Mit einem solchen Nachgiebigkeitselement kann Kraft abgebaut werden, ohne dass hierbei beispielsweise eine Ausbruchsicherung wesentlich belastet wird.The invention relates to a compliance element for a subterranean space according to the preamble of claim 1. With such a compliance element force can be reduced, without this, for example, an outbreak protection is significantly burdened.

Die DE-C-545 981 offenbart als Formsteine ausgebildete Nachgiebigkeitselemente. Diese Formsteine sind übereinander säulenartig mit Verspannungsdrähten zu einem Stempel verbunden. Keilförmige Holzplatten bilden Zwischenlagen zwischen solchen Nachgiebigkeitselementen. Die Nachgiebigkeit besteht darin, dass die Säulen gekrümmt werden können.The DE-C-545 981 disclosed as shaped stones trained compliance elements. These shaped stones are connected to each other like a column with tension wires to form a stamp. Wedge-shaped wood panels form intermediate layers between such compliance elements. The compliance is that the columns can be curved.

Die DE-B-11 31 172 offenbart einen Streckenausbau in Bogen- oder Ringform, der aus gewellten und mit Laschen verbundenen Segmenten besteht.The DE-B-11 31 172 discloses a track construction in bow or ring form consisting of corrugated and tab connected segments.

Die EP-A-0 089 403 offenbart einen nachgiebigen Betonsegmentausbau mit Nachgiebigkeitselementen aus Betonmörtel. Damit diese Nachgiebigkeitselemente gegen Schubbewegungen nicht anfällig sind, sind in diese senkrecht zum Stoss verlaufende und im Abstand zueinander angeordnete Rohre eingebettet. Beim Überschreiten einer vorgesehenen Einstellkraft bricht zunächst der Betonmörtel. Eine Deformation der Rohre würde erst nach einer weitgehenden Zerstörung des Nachgiebigkeitselementes auftreten.The EP-A-0 089 403 discloses a compliant concrete segment construction with compliance elements of concrete mortar. So that these compliance elements are not susceptible to thrust movements, they are embedded in these tubes which run perpendicular to the joint and are arranged at a distance from each other. When an intended setting force is exceeded, the concrete mortar first breaks. A deformation of the tubes would occur only after a substantial destruction of the compliance element.

Die WO 00/11319 offenbart einen Träger, der einen Behälter aus Polyethylen aufweist und als eine Art Luftmatratze ausgebildet ist. Der Behälter besitzt einen Innenraum, der durch Einleiten von Flüssigkeit unter Druck expandierbar ist.The WO 00/11319 discloses a carrier having a container made of polyethylene and formed as a kind of air mattress. The container has an internal space which is expandable by introducing liquid under pressure.

Im Stand der Technik ist weiter durch die DE 39 27 446 C ein nachgiebiger Verbundausbau bekannt geworden, der eine Mehrzahl von in Längsrichtung des Untertageraumes angeordnete bogenförmige Ausbaurahmen aufweist. Diese weisen jeweils nach Massgabe der so genannten Konvergenz schubnachgiebig verbundene Ausbausegmente auf. Zudem sind Quetschelemente vorgesehen, die unter dem Einfluss des Gebirgsdruckes in ihrer Querrichtung zusammenquetschbar sind. Diese Quetschelemente liegen auf den Ausbausegmenten auf und an einer Spritzbetonschicht an. Diese Quetschelemente bestehen aus Porenbeton oder sind als Kastentragwerk aus Blech hergestellt.In the prior art is further through the DE 39 27 446 C a compliant composite structure has become known, which has a plurality of arranged in the longitudinal direction of the underground storage arched expansion frame. These each have development segments that are relentlessly connected according to the so-called convergence. In addition, squeezing elements are provided, which can be crimped together under the influence of the rock pressure in their transverse direction. These crimping elements rest on the expansion segments and against a shotcrete layer. These squeeze elements are made of cellular concrete or are made as a box structure of sheet metal.

Durch die DE 40 14 437 C ist ein Verfahren zum Ausbau einer Strecke bekannt geworden, bei welcher nachgiebige Streckenausbaubögen verwendet werden. In eine Hinterfüllung sind aufblähbare Abstützkissen im Abstand von einander angeordnet. Zudem ist ein zusammenquetschbarer Abstützwerkstoff aus Schaumkunststoff oder Schaumbeton vorgesehen.By the DE 40 14 437 C For example, there has been known a method of expanding a track using resilient track-laying arcs. In a backfill inflatable Abstützkissen are spaced from each other. In addition, a zusammenquetschbarer support material made of foam plastic or foam concrete is provided.

Durch die DE 40 15 585 C ist ein Streckenausbau für bergbauliche Untertagebetriebe bekannt geworden, bei dem eine definierte Nachgiebigkeit erreicht werden soll, indem äussere Stahlprofilsegmente einerseits und innere Stahlprofilsegmente andererseits vorgesehen sind, die ineinander verschiebbar sind. Diese Stahlprofilsegmente bilden gleichgeformte ineinandersetzbare Randrinnen, die unterschiedlich breite Rinnenbereiche besitzen.By the DE 40 15 585 C a route extension for mining underground operations has become known in which a defined compliance is to be achieved by outer steel profile segments on the one hand and inner steel profile segments on the other hand are provided, which are slidable into one another. These steel profile segments form gleichgeformte intermeshable edge troughs, which have different width trough areas.

Bekannt sind auch Nachgiebigkeitselemente, die ineinander gesteckte Rohrelemente aufweisen. Diese sind durch Falten der Rohre, ähnlich einem Faltenbalg verquetschbar. Es gibt auch eine Ausführung, bei der zwei Rohrelemente teleskopisch ineinander gesteckt sind. Diese Rohre sind als Stahlrohre ausgebildet und verformen sich bei Überschreiten eines vorbestimmten Druckes.Also known are compliance elements that have nested tube elements. These can be crimped by folding the tubes, similar to a bellows. There is also an embodiment in which two pipe elements are telescoped into each other. These tubes are designed as steel tubes and deform when a predetermined pressure is exceeded.

Die US 4997317 offenbart ein weiteres Nachgiebigkeitselement.The US 4997317 discloses another compliance element.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Nachgiebigkeitselement der genannten Art zu schaffen, das noch einfacher und kostengünstiger hergestellt werden kann und das sich auch als Endlosverbundelement eignet.The invention has for its object to provide a compliance element of the type mentioned, which can be made even easier and cheaper and which is also suitable as an endless composite element.

Die Erfindung ist bei einem gattungsgemässen Nachgiebigkeitselement gemäss Anspruch 1 gelöst: Die Nachgiebigkeit wird dadurch erreicht, dass die Lücken der wabenförmigen Struktur zusammenpressbar sind. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemässen Nachgiebigkeitselementes wird darin gesehen, dass die Formgebung in weitem Masse anpassbar ist und dass es auf unterschiedliche Widerstandsgrössen einstellbar ist. Zudem hat sich gezeigt, dass die Stabilität, insbesondere gegen seitliches Kippen sehr hoch ist. Das Nachgiebigkeitselement bildet kein Gelenk, sondern ein Endlosverbundelement. Beispielsweise durch Einspritzen von Porenbeton in die Lücken können noch höhere Biegemomente und höhere Kräfte aufgenommen werden. Zudem ist es durch Einspritzen von Ort- oder Spritzbeton in einfacher Weise möglich, das Nachgiebigkeitselement als Endlosverbundelement zu verwenden. Entsprechend der Anordnung in einem vertikalen oder horizontalen Einsatzbereich ist das Nachgiebigkeitselement parallel oder bei einem bogenförmigen Ausbau radial-keilförmig ausgebildet. Jeweils ist es in der Lage, Quer- sowie Biegekräfte und nicht nur Normalkräfte aufzunehmen.The invention is achieved in a generic compliance element according to claim 1: The compliance is achieved in that the gaps of the honeycomb structure are compressible. A significant advantage of the inventive compliance element is seen in the fact that the shape is adaptable to a great extent and that it is adjustable to different resistance sizes. In addition, it has been shown that the stability, especially against lateral tilting is very high. The compliance element does not form a joint, but rather an endless composite element. For example, by injecting cellular concrete into the gaps, even higher bending moments and higher forces can be absorbed. In addition, it is possible by injecting local or shotcrete in a simple manner to use the compliance element as an endless composite element. Corresponding to the arrangement in a vertical or horizontal application area, the compliance element is designed to be parallel to the radial or wedge-shaped in an arcuate configuration. In each case, it is able to absorb transverse and bending forces and not just normal forces.

Ein besonders einfaches und sehr stabiles Nachgiebigkeitselement ergibt sich dann, wenn dieses gemäss einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung schichtförmig ausgebildet ist. Die Höhe kann durch entsprechende Anzahl und Abstände der Schichten in einfacher Weise im Wesentlichen beliebig eingestellt werden.A particularly simple and very stable compliance element is obtained when this is formed layered according to a development of the invention. The height can be adjusted by any appropriate number and spacing of the layers in a simple manner substantially.

Das Nachgiebigkeitselement wird vorzugsweise zwischen zwei Bogenausbauten oder hinter dem Ausbau zum Gebirgsmantel hin eingesetzt.The compliance element is preferably inserted between two arch extensions or behind the expansion to the mountain mantle.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass es mehrere Zwischenablagen und zwischen diesen jeweils mindestens zwei Abstandselemente aufweist. Die Zwischenablagen und Abstandselemente können lose aufeinander gestellt sein oder sie können fest miteinander verbunden, beispielsweise miteinander verschweisst sein.According to a development of the invention, it is provided that it has a plurality of clipboards and between them at least two spacer elements. The clipboards and spacer elements can be placed loosely on top of each other or they can be firmly connected to each other, for example welded together.

Die Zwischenablagen sind vorzugsweise im Wesentliche ebene deformierbare Platten. Diese bestehen beispielsweise aus Stahl.The clipboards are preferably substantially flat deformable panels. These consist for example of steel.

Die Abstandselemente bestehen vorzugsweise aus Voll- oder Hohlprofilen. Durch die Form und insbesondere durch die Querschnitte der Hohlprofile und der Vollprofile können unterschiedliche Eigenschaften und insbesondere Steifigkeiten erreicht werden. Bevorzugte Profile sind im Querschnitt T-, L- Z-, V- oder U-förmig. Es sind hier aber auch andere Profile möglich.The spacers are preferably made of solid or hollow profiles. Due to the shape and in particular by the cross sections of the hollow sections and the solid profiles different properties and in particular stiffness can be achieved. Preferred profiles are in cross-section T-, L- Z-, V- or U-shaped. But here are other profiles possible.

Die Abstandselemente können aus Kunststoff, Holz, Stahl, Beton oder einem anderen geeigneten Werkstoff hergestellt sein.The spacers may be made of plastic, wood, steel, concrete or other suitable material.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist das Nachgiebigkeitselement so ausgebildet, dass nach dem Überschreiten einer gewissen Quetschstrecke der Widerstand unter dem Einfluss des Gebirgsdruckes ansteigt. Dies wird insbesondere dadurch erreicht, dass das Nachgiebigkeitselement aus unterschiedlichen Zwischenablagen und/oder Abstandselementen hergestellt ist. Zudem können Lücken quer zur Quetschrichtung unterschiedlich gross gewählt werden.According to a development of the invention, the compliance element is designed such that after exceeding a certain crushing distance the resistance increases under the influence of the rock pressure. This is achieved in particular in that the compliance element is produced from different clipboards and / or spacer elements. In addition, gaps can be selected across the squish direction of different sizes.

Das erfindungsgemässe Nachgiebigkeitselement eignet sich auch für den Tübbingausbau. Das Nachgiebigkeitselement wird dann zwischen zwei Tübbingen angeordnet. Das Nachgiebigkeitselement kann aber auch bei einem Bogenausbau mit Gitterträgern verwendet werden.The inventive compliance element is also suitable for tubbing removal. The compliance element is then placed between two segments. The compliance element can also be used in a sheet removal with lattice girders.

Die Erfindung betrifft zudem einen Ausbau in einem Untertagebau, der wenigstens ein genanntes erfindungsgemässes Nachgiebigkeitselement aufweist. Dieses ist vorzugsweise aber nicht zwingend als Endlosverbundelement ausgebildet. Der Ausbau ist insbesondere als Tunnelausbau vorgesehen, denkbar sind aber auch andere Ausbauten, beispielsweise für einen Streckenvortrieb im Bergbau.The invention also relates to an expansion in a subterranean structure, which has at least one mentioned inventive compliance element. This is preferably but not necessarily designed as an endless composite element. The expansion is intended in particular as a tunnel, but are also conceivable other extensions, for example, for a route propulsion in mining.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Ansicht eines erfindungsgemässen Nachgiebigkeitselementes,
Figur 2
ein horizontaler Schnitt durch das Nachgiebigkeitselement gemäss Figur 1,
Figur 3
ein weiterer horizontaler Schnitt durch das Nachgiebigkeitselement gemäss Figur 1,
Figur 4
eine Ansicht gemäss Figur 1, jedoch nach einem Quetschen des Nachgiebigkeitselementes,
Figur 5
ein Teilschnitt durch einen Ausbaubogen mit einem erfindungsgemässen Nachgiebigkeitselement,
Figur 6
schematisch eine Teilansicht eines eingebauten Nachgiebigkeitselementes und
Figuren 7a-7n
schematische Ansichten weiterer Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemässen Nachgiebigkeitselementes.
Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:
FIG. 1
a view of a novel compliance element,
FIG. 2
a horizontal section through the compliance element according to FIG. 1 .
FIG. 3
a further horizontal section through the compliance element according to FIG. 1 .
FIG. 4
a view according to FIG. 1 but after squeezing the compliance element,
FIG. 5
a partial section through a Ausbaubogen with a novel compliance element,
FIG. 6
schematically a partial view of a built-in compliance element and
Figures 7a-7n
schematic views of further embodiments of the inventive compliance element.

Die Figur 1 zeigt ein Nachgiebigkeitselement 1, das gemäss den Figuren 5 und 6 vor einer Fläche 17 eines Felsens 15 in einem Ausbau 36 eingesetzt ist. Der Ausbau 36 ist hier beispielsweise ein an sich üblicher Ausbau eines Tunnels mit einem Radius gemäss Pfeil 25. Das Nachgiebigkeitselement 1 ist bei dem hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel für den im Wesentlichen vertikalen Einsatzbereich vorgesehen, d.h. es gibt vertikalen Kräften aufgrund eines Gebirgsdruckes nach. Denkbar ist aber auch ein im Wesentlichen horizontaler Einsatzbereich. Das Nachgiebigkeitselement 1 kann an sich an einer beliebigen Stelle des Ausbaus verwendet werden, beispielsweise hinter einem Ausbau zum Fels 15 angeordnet sein.The FIG. 1 shows a compliance element 1, which according to the FIGS. 5 and 6 in front of a surface 17 of a rock 15 in a construction 36 is inserted. The expansion 36 is here, for example, a conventional per se development of a tunnel with a radius according to arrow 25. The compliance element 1 is provided in the embodiment shown here for the substantially vertical application area, ie there are vertical forces due to a rock pressure after. It is also conceivable, however, a substantially horizontal application. The compliance element 1 can be used per se at any point of the expansion, for example, be arranged behind an expansion to the rock 15.

Seitlich neben dem Nachgiebigkeitselement 1 können zwei Stützen 18 angeordnet sein, die jeweils zwei sich überlappende Profilschienen 19 und 20 aufweisen, die jeweils in einer Orts- oder Spritzbetonschicht 14 verankert sind. Im Bereich der Überlappung sind die Profilschienen 19 und 20 jeweils mit drei Klemmorganen 21 miteinander verbunden. Die Klemmorgane 21 bestehen jeweils in bekannter Weise aus zwei Teilen, die mit Klemmschrauben 22 miteinander verbunden sind, und welche die im Querschnitt U-förmigen Profilschienen 19 und 20 miteinander verbinden. Die Verbindung der beiden Profilschienen 19 und 20 ermöglichen ein Verschieben der Profilschienen 19 und 20 gegeneinander in Längsrichtung der Stützen 18.On the side next to the compliance element 1, two supports 18 can be arranged, which each have two overlapping profile rails 19 and 20, which are each anchored in a locus or shotcrete layer 14. In the region of the overlap, the profile rails 19 and 20 are each connected to three clamping members 21 with each other. The clamping members 21 each consist in a known manner of two parts which are connected to each other with clamping screws 22, and which connect the cross-sectionally U-shaped rails 19 and 20 with each other. The connection of the two rails 19 and 20 allow a displacement of the rails 19 and 20 against each other in the longitudinal direction of the supports 18th

Das Nachgiebigkeitselement 1 ist gemäss der in der in Figur 1 gezeigten Ansicht wabenförmig ausgebildet. Es besitzt Zwischenablagen 10 und Abstandelemente 11. Zwischen den im Abstand zueinander angeordneten Zwischenablagen 10 und den Abstandselementen 11 bestehen Lücken 12 bzw. Zwischenräume, die wie ersichtlich zueinander versetzt sind. Die Zwischenablagen 10 sind beispielsweise ebene rechteckige Platten, die gemäss den Figuren 2 und 3 wesentlich länger als breit sind. Die Zwischenablagen 10 bestehen aus einem plastisch verformbaren Werkstoff, beispielsweise aus Metall und insbesondere aus Stahl und können eben oder uneben, beispielsweise gewellt sein. Die Abstandselemente 11 sind vorzugsweise Voll- oder Hohlprofile, die gemäss den Figuren 2 und 3 eine Länge aufweisen, die im Wesentlichen der Breite der Zwischenablagen 10 entsprechen. Diese Länge bzw. Breite beträgt beispielsweise 200 mm. Die Struktur der Nachgiebigkeitselemente 1 kann auch als schichtförmig angesehen werden. Die Schichten werden jeweils aus einer Zwischenablage und wenigstens zwei Abstandselementen 11 gebildet. Die Abstandselemente 11 benachbarter Schichten sind wie ersichtlich versetzt. Zwischen zwei Abstandselementen 11 einer Schicht ist in der benachbarten Schicht etwa mittig ein Abstandselement 11 angeordnet.The compliance element 1 is according to the in the in FIG. 1 shown honeycomb shape. It has intermediate shelves 10 and spacer elements 11. Between the spaced-apart clipboards 10 and the spacer elements 11 there are gaps 12 and spaces, which are as shown offset from each other. The clipboards 10 are, for example, flat rectangular plates, which according to the FIGS. 2 and 3 much longer than they are wide. The clipboards 10 are made of a plastically deformable material, such as metal and in particular steel and may be flat or uneven, for example, be wavy. The spacers 11 are preferably solid or hollow profiles, according to the FIGS. 2 and 3 have a length substantially equal to the width of the clipboards 10. This length or width is for example 200 mm. The structure of the compliance elements 1 may also be considered as layered become. The layers are each formed from a clipboard and at least two spacer elements 11. The spacer elements 11 of adjacent layers are offset as shown. Between two spacer elements 11 of a layer, a spacer element 11 is arranged approximately centrally in the adjacent layer.

Die Zwischenablagen 10 und die Abstandselemente 11 können fest miteinander verbunden, beispielsweise verschweisst oder verschraubt sein. Denkbar ist aber auch eine Ausführung, bei welcher die Zwischenablagen 10 und die Abstandselemente 11 ohne feste Verbindung gestapelt sind. Die Anzahl und Abstände der Abstandselemente 11 kann variieren, beispielsweise können in einer Schicht auch mehr als drei Abstandselemente 11 angeordnet sein. Die Abstände zwischen den Abstandselementen 11 können auch grösser oder kleiner sein. Beim gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt der Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Abstandselementen 11 in einer Schicht etwa 300 mm.The clipboards 10 and the spacer elements 11 can be firmly connected to each other, for example welded or screwed. It is also conceivable, however, an embodiment in which the clipboards 10 and the spacer elements 11 are stacked without a fixed connection. The number and spacing of the spacer elements 11 may vary, for example, more than three spacer elements 11 may be arranged in a layer. The distances between the spacer elements 11 may also be larger or smaller. In the embodiment shown, the distance between two adjacent spacer elements 11 in a layer is about 300 mm.

Die Nachgiebigkeit des Nachgiebigkeitselementes 1 ist hier auch im Wesentlichen gegen vertikale Kräfte ausgerichtet, welche in den Figuren 4 und 5 mit den Pfeilen 23 und 24 angedeutet sind. Diese Kräfte sind gemäss den Pfeilen 23 und 24 gegeneinander und gegen das Nachgiebigkeitselement 1 gerichtet. Erreichen diese Kräfte eine bestimmte Grösse, so wird das Nachgiebigkeitselement 1 gestaucht und entsprechend wird ein Zwischenraum 13 zwischen den Spritzbetonschichten 14 verkleinert. Das Nachgiebigkeitselement 1 wird hierbei plastisch deformiert. Die Deformation erfasst hauptsächlich die Zwischenablagen 10, die hierbei von einer im Wesentlichen horizontalen Form in eine wellenförmige Form gemäss der Figur 4 übergehen. Hierbei werden die Zwischenräume 12 (Fig. 1) verkleinert. Die Abstandselemente 11 werden in der Regel ebenfalls in gewissem Masse deformiert, jedoch in geringerem Ausmass als die Zwischenablagen 10. Die Figur 4 ist in dieser Hinsicht etwas idealisiert. Wesentlich ist aber, dass die Stauchung im Wesentlichen lediglich in Richtung der Kräfte gemäss den Pfeilen 23 und 24 erfolgt. Das Nachgiebigkeitselement 1 kann hierbei hohe Querkräfte und auch Biegekräfte und somit nicht nur Normalkräfte aufnehmen.The resilience of the compliance element 1 is here also substantially aligned against vertical forces, which in the FIGS. 4 and 5 are indicated by the arrows 23 and 24. These forces are directed according to the arrows 23 and 24 against each other and against the compliance element 1. If these forces reach a certain size, the compliance element 1 is compressed and accordingly a gap 13 between the shotcrete layers 14 is reduced. The compliance element 1 is plastically deformed. The deformation mainly detects the clipboards 10, which in this case from a substantially horizontal shape in a wavy shape according to the FIG. 4 pass. Here, the gaps 12 ( Fig. 1 ) reduced. The spacers 11 are usually also deformed to some extent, but to a lesser extent than the clipboards 10. Die FIG. 4 is somewhat idealized in this regard. It is essential, however, that the compression takes place essentially only in the direction of the forces according to the arrows 23 and 24. The compliance element 1 can hereby absorb high lateral forces and also bending forces and thus not only normal forces.

Die Nachgiebigkeitshöhe ist vergleichsweise hoch und beträgt beispielsweise die Hälfte der Ausgangshöhe. Beispielsweise beträgt die Höhe des Nachgiebigkeitselementes 1 gemäss Figur 1 796 mm und nach der Quetschung gemäss Figur 4 496 mm. Beim Stauchen des Nachgiebigkeitselementes 1 werden entsprechend bei jeder Stütze 18 die Profile 19 und 20 teleskopisch ineinander geschoben. Die Klemmorgane 21 halten hierbei diese Profile 19 und 20 gleitend zusammen. Wie bereits erwähnt, ist auch eine horizontale oder geneigte Stauchung möglich. Das Nachgiebigkeitselement 1 kann somit so angeordnet sein, dass die Zwischenablagen 10 und die Abstandselemente 11 in einer vertikalen Ebene liegen.The compliance height is comparatively high and is for example half the initial height. For example, the height of the compliance element is 1 according to FIG. 1 796 mm and after crushing according to FIG. 4 496 mm. When compressing the compliance element 1, the profiles 19 and 20 are pushed telescopically into each other in each support 18. The clamping members 21 hold these profiles 19 and 20 together sliding. As already mentioned, a horizontal or inclined compression is possible. The compliance element 1 can thus be arranged so that the clipboards 10 and the spacer elements 11 lie in a vertical plane.

In das Nachgicbigkcitselement 1 bzw. in die Lücken 12 kann ein Material eingespritzt oder auf andere Weise eingebracht werden. Beispielsweise kann hier Beton und insbesondere Porenbeton eingespritzt werden. Dadurch kann der Widerstand des Nachgiebigkeitselementes 1 gegen eine Stauchung wesentlich erhöht werden. Durch das Einspritzen von Beton kann das Nachgiebigkeitselement 1 zudem als Endlosverbundelement ausgebildet werden.In the Nachgicbigkcitselement 1 and in the gaps 12, a material can be injected or introduced in any other way. For example, here concrete and in particular aerated concrete can be injected. As a result, the resistance of the compliance element 1 against compression can be substantially increased. By the injection of concrete, the compliance element 1 can also be formed as an endless composite element.

Nach oben und unten ist das Nachgiebigkeitselement 1 durch jeweils eine vorzugsweise ebene Platte 35 begrenzt, die am Beton 14 anliegt und in diesem jeweils mit Bewehrungshaken 16 und Hilfselementen 37 verankert ist. Diese beiden Platten 35 werden bei der Quetschung nicht oder nur wenig deformiert.Upwards and downwards, the compliance element 1 is bounded in each case by a preferably flat plate 35, which bears against the concrete 14 and is anchored therein in each case with reinforcement hooks 16 and auxiliary elements 37. These two plates 35 are not or only slightly deformed during the pinch.

Insbesondere durch die Formgebung der Zwischenablagen 10 und/oder die Abstandselemente 11 kann die Widerstandsgrösse in einem weiten Bereich eingestellt werden. Wie bereits erwähnt, kann die Widerstandsgrösse durch Einspritzen, insbesondere von Porenbeton zusätzlich erhöht werden.In particular, by the shape of the clipboards 10 and / or the spacer elements 11, the resistance variable can be adjusted in a wide range. As already mentioned, the resistance variable can be additionally increased by injection, in particular of aerated concrete.

Die Figuren 7a bis 7n zeigen einige bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele von weiteren Nachgiebigkeitselementen 2 bis 9 und 38 bis 40. Diese unterscheiden sich insbesondere durch die Querschnitte der Abstandselemente, die hier mit den Bezugszeichen 27 bis 34 versehen sind. Die Abstandselemente 27 bis 29 sind als Hohlprofile ausgebildet. Grundsätzlich können auch entsprechende rechteckige Hohlprofile verwendet werden. Das Abstandselement 28 besitzt gemäss der Figur 7b einen T-förmigen Querschnitt. Demgegenüber besitzt das Abstandselement 30 gemäss Figur 7d einen Z-förmigen Querschnitt. Das Abstandselement 31 gemäss Figur 7e besitzt einen U-förmigen Querschnitt, wobei zwei benachbarte Abstandselemente 31 der oberen und der unteren Schicht aneinander angelegt sind. Beim Nachgiebigkeitselement 7 gemäss Figur 7f sind rinnenförmige Abstandselemente 32 vorgesehen. Das Nachgiebigkeitselement 8 gemäss Figur 7g besitzt Abstandselemente 33, die im Querschnitt V-förmig sind, wobei hier diese Abstandselemente 33 wie ersichtlich nicht versetzt sind. Die Abstandselemente 34 gemäss Figur 7h besitzen den hier ersichtlichen Querschnitt und diese sind ebenfalls gegeneinander versetzt. Einige der gezeigten Abstandselemente 27 bis 34 können aus handelsüblichen Profilen, insbesondere aus Stahlprofilen sehr kostengünstig beschafft und hergestellt werden. Dies gilt ebenfalls für die Zwischenablagen 10, so dass die Nachgiebigkeitselemente 1 bis 9 sehr kostengünstig hergestellt werden können.The FIGS. 7a to 7n some preferred embodiments of further compliance elements 2 to 9 and 38 to 40 show. These differ in particular by the cross sections of the spacer elements, which are provided here with the reference numerals 27 to 34. The spacer elements 27 to 29 are formed as hollow profiles. In principle, corresponding rectangular hollow profiles can be used. The spacer 28 has according to the FIG. 7b a T-shaped cross-section. In contrast, the spacer 30 has according to FIG. 7d a Z-shaped Cross-section. The spacer 31 according to Figure 7e has a U-shaped cross-section, wherein two adjacent spacer elements 31 of the upper and the lower layer are applied to each other. At the compliance element 7 according to Figure 7f are channel-shaped spacer elements 32 are provided. The compliance element 8 according to FIG. 7g has spacers 33 which are V-shaped in cross-section, in which case these spacers 33 are not offset as can be seen. The spacers 34 according to FIG. 7h have the cross section shown here and these are also offset from each other. Some of the spacer elements 27 to 34 shown can be procured and manufactured very economically from commercially available profiles, in particular from steel profiles. This also applies to the clipboards 10, so that the compliance elements 1 to 9 can be produced very inexpensively.

Die in den Figuren 7i bis 7n gezeigten Nachgiebigkeitselemente 38 bis 40 sind so ausgebildet, dass sie nach dem Überschreiten einer vorbestimmten Quetschstrecke unter dem Einfluss des Gebirgsdruckes der Widerstand zusätzlich ansteigt. Die Nachgiebigkeitselemente 38 bis 40 erreichen während des Quetschvorgangs einen deutlich höheren Widerstand. Bei der Stauchung werden im Wesentlichen zuerst Zwischenablagen und Abstandselemente gegeneinander gequetscht, welche zusammen einen geringeren plastischen Widerstand aufweisen als andere Zwischenablagen und Abstandselemente. Bei den Nachgiebigkeitselementen 38 und 39 sind es die Schichten mit den Abstandselementen 41 und 45, die im Wesentlichen zuerst gequetscht werden. Die Abstandselemente 41 sind V-förmig ausgebildet und bieten einen kleineren Widerstand gegen eine plastische Verformung als die als Hohlprofile ausgebildeten Abstandselemente 42.The in the FIGS. 7i to 7n shown yielding elements 38 to 40 are formed so that they additionally increases after exceeding a predetermined crushing under the influence of the rock pressure of the resistor. The compliance elements 38 to 40 achieve a much higher resistance during the squeezing process. In the upsetting, first, intermediate trays and spacers are substantially crushed against each other, which together have a lower plastic resistance than other intermediate trays and spacers. In the compliance elements 38 and 39, it is the layers with the spacers 41 and 45 that are substantially first squeezed. The spacer elements 41 are V-shaped and offer a smaller resistance to plastic deformation than the spacers 42 formed as hollow profiles.

Beim Nachgiebigkeitselement 39 sind die Abstandselemente 45 kleiner und dünnwandiger als die Abstandselemente 42. In den Schichten mit den Abstandselementen 42 werden nach einer vorbestimmten Stauchung zudem noch Abstandselemente 43 und 44 wirksam und erhöhen damit den Widerstand.In the case of the compliance element 39, the spacer elements 45 are smaller and thinner-walled than the spacer elements 42. In the layers with the spacer elements 42, spacer elements 43 and 44 also become effective after a predetermined compression and thus increase the resistance.

Die Figur 7l zeigt, das Nachgiebigkeitselement 39' nach einer teilweisen Stauchung, wobei vor allem die Abstandselemente 45' plastisch deformiert sind.The Figure 7l shows the compliance element 39 'after a partial compression, in particular, the spacer elements 45' are plastically deformed.

Beim Nachgiebigkeitselement 40 gemäss Figur 7m sind Abstandselemente 46 vorgesehen, die im Querschnitt etwa H-förmig ausgebildet sind. Die gemäss Figur 7n teilweise plastisch deformierten Abstandselemente 46' lassen sich nur noch mit einem wesentlich höheren Druck weiter deformieren. Bei gleichen Abstandselementen kann der Widerstand einzelner Schichten auch durch unterschiedlich weite Lücken verändert werden.When compliant element 40 according to Figure 7m Spacers 46 are provided, which are formed in cross-section approximately H-shaped. The according to Figure 7n partially plastically deformed spacers 46 'can be further deformed only at a much higher pressure. With the same spacer elements, the resistance of individual layers can also be changed by gaps of different widths.

Durch die Erfindung wird damit ein Nachgiebigkeitselement geschaffen, das nicht nur robust und funktionssicher ist, sondern auch kostengünstig hergestellt und montiert werden kann. Das Nachgiebigkeitselement eignet sich insbesondere aber nicht ausschliesslich besonders für den Tunnelausbau.The invention thus provides a compliance element which is not only robust and reliable, but can also be manufactured and assembled cost-effectively. The compliance element is particularly but not exclusively especially for tunneling.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Nachgiebigkeitselementcompliant element
22
Nachgiebigkeitselementcompliant element
33
Nachgiebigkeitselementcompliant element
44
Nachgiebigkeitselementcompliant element
55
Nachgiebigkeitselementcompliant element
66
Nachgiebigkeitselementcompliant element
77
Nachgiebigkeitselementcompliant element
88th
Nachgiebigkeitselementcompliant element
99
Nachgiebigkeitselementcompliant element
1010
Zwischenablageclipboard
1111
Abstandselementspacer
1212
Lücken (Zwischenraum)Gaps (gap)
1313
Raumroom
1414
Spritzbetonshotcrete
1515
Felsrock
1616
Bewehrungshakenreinforcement hook
1717
Flächearea
1818
StützenSupport
1919
Profilschienerail
2020
Profilschienerail
2121
Klemmorganclamping member
2222
Klemmschraubeclamping screw
2323
Pfeilarrow
2424
Pfeilarrow
2525
Pfeilarrow
2626
Innenseiteinside
2727
Abstandselementspacer
2828
Abstandselementspacer
2929
Abstandselementspacer
3030
Abstandselementspacer
3131
Abstandselementspacer
3232
Abstandselementspacer
3333
Abstandselementspacer
3434
Abstandselementspacer
3535
Platteplate
3636
Ausbauexpansion
3737
Hilfselementauxiliary member
3838
Nachgiebigkeitselementcompliant element
3939
Nachgiebigkeitselementcompliant element
4040
Nachgiebigkeitselementcompliant element
4141
Abstandselementspacer
4242
Abstandselementspacer
4343
Abstandselementspacer
4444
Abstandselementspacer
4545
Abstandselementspacer
4646
Abstandselementspacer

Claims (19)

  1. Yielding element for an underground chamber, which element can be crushed together under the influence of the rock pressure and has a honeycomb structure with interspaces (12) which are reduced in size if, on account of the rock pressure, forces having a predetermined size act on the yielding element and compress and plastically deform the yielding element, wherein the honeycomb structure is in layer form and comprises intermediate carriers (10) and spacer elements (11) between which are situated the said interspaces (12), characterized in that the deformation primarily affects the intermediate carriers (10).
  2. Yielding element according to Claim 1, characterized in that it forms an endless composite element.
  3. Yielding element according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is arranged between two parts, in particular arch supports or prefabricated elements, in particular tubbing elements.
  4. Yielding element according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is arranged in cast-in-place concrete or sprayed concrete.
  5. Yielding element according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of intermediate carriers (10) and between these at least one spacer element (11, 27-34, 41-46) in each case.
  6. Yielding element according to Claim 5, characterized in that the intermediate carriers (10) are substantially parallel to one another.
  7. Yielding element according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the intermediate carriers (10) are plastically deformable plates.
  8. Yielding element according to one of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the spacer elements (11, 27-34, 41-46) are designed as solid or hollow profiles.
  9. Yielding element according to Claim 8, characterized in that the profiles have a substantially H-, T-, L-, Z-, V- or U-shaped design in cross section.
  10. Yielding element according to one of Claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the spacer elements (11, 27-34, 41-46) are made of plastic, wood, steel, concrete and in particular aerated concrete.
  11. Yielding element according to one of Claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the spacer elements (11, 27-34, 41-46) are arranged in layers and in each case between two intermediate carriers (10), and in that the spacer elements (11, 27-34, 41-46) of adjacent layers are offset with respect to one another.
  12. Yielding element according to one of Claims 5 to 11, characterized in that an interspace (12) or a gap is formed in each case between two spacer elements (11, 27-34) and is reduced in size during compression as a result of deformation of the intermediate carriers (10).
  13. Yielding element according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the intermediate carriers (10) are planar or non-planar and in particular corrugated.
  14. Yielding element according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises layers having different levels of resistance such that a higher resistance is achieved after a predetermined crushing distance is exceeded under the influence of the rock pressure.
  15. Support in an underground chamber, characterized in that it comprises at least one yielding element (1-9) according to one of Claims 1 to 14.
  16. Support according to Claim 15, characterized in that the yielding element (1-9) forms an endless composite element.
  17. Support according to Claim 15 or 16, characterized in that a material, in particular concrete, is introduced and in particular sprayed into the yielding element (1-9) .
  18. Support according to Claim 17, characterized in that the material is an aerated concrete.
  19. Support according to one of Claims 15 to 18, characterized in that it is a tunnel support, a cavern or an exploratory drift.
EP05405530A 2005-09-08 2005-09-08 Yielding element for an underground cavity Not-in-force EP1762698B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05405530A EP1762698B1 (en) 2005-09-08 2005-09-08 Yielding element for an underground cavity
DE502005006010T DE502005006010D1 (en) 2005-09-08 2005-09-08 Compliance element for a underground room
AT05405530T ATE414841T1 (en) 2005-09-08 2005-09-08 COMPLEXITY ELEMENT FOR AN UNDERGROUND SPACE

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05405530A EP1762698B1 (en) 2005-09-08 2005-09-08 Yielding element for an underground cavity

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1762698A1 EP1762698A1 (en) 2007-03-14
EP1762698B1 true EP1762698B1 (en) 2008-11-19

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05405530A Not-in-force EP1762698B1 (en) 2005-09-08 2005-09-08 Yielding element for an underground cavity

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP1762698B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE414841T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502005006010D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2042686B1 (en) * 2007-09-27 2009-07-08 Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG Elasticity element
DE102009057521B4 (en) 2009-12-10 2011-07-21 Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG, 44793 Tubbing extension with integrated compliance element
DE102014103477A1 (en) 2014-03-14 2015-09-17 Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG Removal system for underground tunnels or lines, expansion unit and arch segment
CN112228118B (en) * 2020-11-09 2023-07-18 中铁隧道勘察设计研究院有限公司 Construction method for controlling deformation of pilot tunnel of underground excavation station of subway
AT17900U1 (en) * 2021-12-10 2023-07-15 Implenia Schweiz Ag Device for absorbing rock deformations in underground mining and use of a polystyrene compression element

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE531837A (en) *
DE457523C (en) * 1925-05-26 1928-03-19 Max Adolph Manufacture of pit linings in which iron reinforcements are injected with concrete on the spot
DE545981C (en) * 1929-11-05 1932-03-08 Carl Boehm Permanent expansion, the stamp of which is composed of shaped stones and flexible inlays
DE1131172B (en) * 1959-02-10 1962-06-14 Alexander Schmidt Dr Route expansion
DE3210530C2 (en) * 1982-03-23 1984-01-05 Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen Resilient concrete segment support
DE3806126A1 (en) * 1988-02-26 1989-09-07 Neuero Stahlbau Gmbh & Co CLOSED EXTENSION FOR IN PARTICULAR UNDERGROUND PIT ROUTES
DE3927446C1 (en) 1989-08-19 1991-03-14 Bochumer Eisenhuette Heintzmann Gmbh & Co Kg, 4630 Bochum, De Yieldable tunnel wall support - has segmental frames with sprayed concrete and infill
DE4014437A1 (en) 1989-12-13 1991-06-20 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Method of lining mining roadway - involves rolls of lagging mat fixed against rock surface behind arched supports and backfilling
DE4015585C1 (en) 1990-05-15 1991-11-21 Peter Von Dipl.-Ing. 4630 Bochum De Linsingen-Heintzmann
WO2000011319A1 (en) * 1998-08-24 2000-03-02 Grinaker Construction Limited Method of and apparatus for prestressing a support in underground mines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE414841T1 (en) 2008-12-15
EP1762698A1 (en) 2007-03-14
DE502005006010D1 (en) 2009-01-02

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