EP1728292A2 - Galvanisches element - Google Patents
Galvanisches elementInfo
- Publication number
- EP1728292A2 EP1728292A2 EP05728241A EP05728241A EP1728292A2 EP 1728292 A2 EP1728292 A2 EP 1728292A2 EP 05728241 A EP05728241 A EP 05728241A EP 05728241 A EP05728241 A EP 05728241A EP 1728292 A2 EP1728292 A2 EP 1728292A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- collector
- galvanic element
- oxide layer
- positive electrode
- calendering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention relates to a galvanic element with at least one lithium intercalating electrode, the positive electrode of which has a collector consisting essentially of aluminum.
- the active electrode materials of such galvanic elements are inorganic compounds which are capable of reversibly storing and removing ions of the most electronegative alkali metal and at the same time the third lightest element lithium.
- Typical examples of active materials for the negative electrode are graphite-like carbons, for the positive electrode lithium transition metal oxides such as LiCoO 2 .
- the possible lithium activities result in achievable voltages of more than 4 V in the fully charged cell and thus very high energy densities.
- the active electrode materials are first applied to the collectors by means of direct coating or lamination and then connected to a pre-coated polyolefin separator by lamination.
- the resulting bond is characterized by very good mechanical and electrical contact between all components. Due to this lamination, however, the simultaneous use of metal foils for the collectors of the negative and positive electrodes is no longer possible, since then the electrolyte can no longer penetrate sufficiently into the laminate during the impregnation. Due to the risk of lithium plating as a result of inhomogeneous field line profiles, a metal foil is therefore generally used as a collector on the negative side and a current collector on the positive side, which is perforated and stretched or perforated in any geometry.
- Primer coatings made from organic conductivity improvers lead to a reduced contact resistance, since the primer contains highly conductive particles (usually carbon or metal particles).
- Such primers can also contain additional acid groups, which cause in-situ etching of the collector, which further reduces the contact resistance, but a known problem is the electrochemical instability of the primers at high temperatures and fully charged cells.
- Document DE 198 07 192 A1 describes a coating of an aluminum collector for a lithium-ion cell using zinc and zinc oxide.
- the collector is etched beforehand.
- the protection achieved against rapid corrosion is advantageous, but the type of preservation is disadvantageous, since over time the zinc on the positive electrode will increase the impedance due to complete oxidation to zinc oxide, especially at higher temperatures, and, as tests have shown, poor cyclization behavior results from this.
- galvanic deposition processes for the specified purpose in manufacturing are not suitable for high speeds and are generally environmentally harmful and are associated with corresponding requirements.
- the documents DE 1OO 30 571 C1, US 5,824,120 and US 5,798,190 describe primers or electronically conductive adhesion promoters with conductive carbon blacks and conductive graphites.
- the oxide layer does not have to be removed beforehand in an etching process.
- the electrically conductive adhesion promoter which consists of an adhesive, initially dissolved polymer in which conductive graphite or carbon black is suspended, is applied to the aluminum collector in a thickness in the ⁇ m range, for example by spraying or an immersion bath and then dried. A good mechanical connection is achieved with this method, and despite the presence of the thin aluminum oxide layer, very low impedances are achieved in the battery produced using electrode collectors treated in this way.
- the presence of electrically highly conductive components in the adhesion promoter apparently significantly reduces the contact resistance between aluminum and primer.
- the organic component of the primer is generally not electrochemically stable at high temperatures such as 80 ° C and a typical maximum working voltage of the cell of 4.2 V and decomposes irreversibly. This produces gaseous reaction products, and the cell swells, especially in a soft pack packaging, a packaging in aluminum / plastic composite film, which is usually deep-drawn.
- the impedance increases and the capacity that can still be used afterwards decreases, the cell is irreversibly damaged.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying aluminum collectors for cells of the type mentioned at the outset which, without complex pretreatment of the positive aluminum collector, provide an impedance and load capacity which is acceptable for the predominant number of typical operating situations of the cell.
- the collector optionally coated with positive electrode material, has an oxide layer which is at least partially torn open by a so-called calendering.
- Calendering is usually the process between two fixed metal rollers which have a gap which is smaller than the initial thickness of the material to be carried out. The calendering is carried out immediately before or after the application of the positive electrode material.
- the positive total electrode which is preferably formed initially by applying the positive electrodes on both sides by means of hot lamination to the collector, which essentially consists of untreated aluminum, is further compressed under significantly higher pressures than those during the lamination step. This is done by a rolling or compacting process between two metal rollers fixed in a chair, whereby a fixed gap is always set. This gap dimension is always smaller than the initial thickness of the material to be introduced. As a result, the natural oxide layer of aluminum tears open partially.
- Typical roll dimensions are a roll width of approx. 25 cm and a roll diameter of approx. 20 cm.
- the gap between these two rollers is narrowed so that no corrugation and damage to the material occurs.
- Exact pressures are therefore difficult to specify because it is a function of the set gap size and the initial thickness of the materials, which is variable due to manufacturing tolerances. Occurring pressures will be in the range of tons.
- Typical material widths are in the range of 40 - 150 mm, which are usually available as rolls and are available again as rolls after the process. This results in a purely mechanical and very inexpensive process for achieving high energy densities. Calendering the metallic collector in a separate preliminary step is easy to integrate into the production process.
- the pressure during calendering is in the range from 50 kg to 10 t, preferably between 200 kg and 3 t, in particular between 500 kg and 1.5 t. Since there are two roller rollers and no press with defined area, cannot be extrapolated to the size of pressure per area.
- the electrochemical etching process in the organic electrolyte that reacts acidic or basic during the first charge (“formation”) of the cell further infiltrates the previously broken layer and thereby further lowers the impedance.
- Typical electrolytes of such galvanic elements often contain as conductive salt LiPF ⁇ and therefore always traces of HF, ie hydrofluoric acid, due to hydrolysis These traces can have an additional positive influence on the in-situ etching of the collectors during formation.
- Table 1 Lithium polymer cell with the external dimensions 4.2 x 35 x 66 mm 3 and a typical capacity of 780 mAh.
- the impedances of the cells with collectors produced in this way lie in comparison to cells which are in an additional external etching and / or Coating step were pretreated, only about 20% higher but more than half lower than that of untreated Al expanded metal that was not calendered between two electrodes. For many practical applications of galvanic cells, a level of impedance achieved in this way is still acceptable, and the cost advantage gained outweighs the minor load disadvantage.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004013044A DE102004013044A1 (de) | 2004-03-09 | 2004-03-09 | Galvanisches Element |
| PCT/EP2005/002415 WO2005088760A2 (de) | 2004-03-09 | 2005-03-08 | Galvanisches element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1728292A2 true EP1728292A2 (de) | 2006-12-06 |
Family
ID=34895415
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05728241A Withdrawn EP1728292A2 (de) | 2004-03-09 | 2005-03-08 | Galvanisches element |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1728292A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102004013044A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2005088760A2 (de) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5578396A (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1996-11-26 | Arthur D. Little, Inc. | Current collector device |
| US5846675A (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 1998-12-08 | Samsung Display Devices Co., Ltd. | Current collector for lithium ion batteries |
| JP2000106332A (ja) * | 1998-09-28 | 2000-04-11 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 電極シートおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2000243383A (ja) * | 1999-02-22 | 2000-09-08 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池の製造方法 |
| DE10020031C2 (de) * | 2000-04-22 | 2002-05-29 | Franz W Winterberg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von wiederaufladbaren Lithium-Polymer-Batterien |
| DE10118639B4 (de) * | 2001-04-12 | 2007-06-14 | Dilo Trading Ag | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Trilaminaten für Polymer-Lithium Batterien |
| TW529200B (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2003-04-21 | High Energy Battery Co Ltd | Modified lithium ion polymer battery |
| DE10151240A1 (de) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-05-08 | Dilo Trading Ag Zug | Elektrochemisches Element mit einem Polymerzellenverbund und Verfahren zur Ausbildung eines Verbundkörpers zur Einhausung |
| DE10151830B4 (de) * | 2001-10-20 | 2014-11-20 | Dilo Trading Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lithium-Sekundär-Batterien, vorzugsweise von Lithium-Polymer-Batterien, und Lithium-Polymer-Batterie |
| DE10231949B4 (de) * | 2002-07-15 | 2007-05-16 | Dilo Trading Ag | Lithium-Polymer Batterie und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lithium-Polymer Batterien |
-
2004
- 2004-03-09 DE DE102004013044A patent/DE102004013044A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-03-08 EP EP05728241A patent/EP1728292A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-08 WO PCT/EP2005/002415 patent/WO2005088760A2/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2005088760A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2005088760A3 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
| DE102004013044A1 (de) | 2005-09-29 |
| WO2005088760A2 (de) | 2005-09-22 |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: PERNER, ARNO Inventor name: HALD, RAINER Inventor name: BIRKE-SALAM, FATIMA Inventor name: ILIC, DEJAN Inventor name: HAUG, PETER Inventor name: WOEHRLE, THOMAS Inventor name: BIRKE, PETER |
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| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: VOLKSWAGEN VARTA MICROBATTERY FORSCHUNGSGESELLCHAF Owner name: VARTA MICROBATTERY GMBH |
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Inventor name: BIRKE, PETER Inventor name: WOEHRLE, THOMAS Inventor name: HALD, RAINER Inventor name: BIRKE-SALAM, FATIMA Inventor name: ILIC, DEJAN Inventor name: HAUG, PETER Inventor name: PERNER, ARNO |