EP1721805B1 - Circuit pour detecter un seuil de courant - Google Patents

Circuit pour detecter un seuil de courant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1721805B1
EP1721805B1 EP05290806A EP05290806A EP1721805B1 EP 1721805 B1 EP1721805 B1 EP 1721805B1 EP 05290806 A EP05290806 A EP 05290806A EP 05290806 A EP05290806 A EP 05290806A EP 1721805 B1 EP1721805 B1 EP 1721805B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
output contact
voltage
resistor
comparator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05290806A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1721805A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Telefont
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales Security Solutions and Services GmbH
Original Assignee
Alcatel Transport Solution Holding GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Transport Solution Holding GmbH filed Critical Alcatel Transport Solution Holding GmbH
Priority to EP05290806A priority Critical patent/EP1721805B1/fr
Priority to AT05290806T priority patent/ATE363423T1/de
Priority to DE502005000792T priority patent/DE502005000792D1/de
Publication of EP1721805A1 publication Critical patent/EP1721805A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1721805B1 publication Critical patent/EP1721805B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L5/00—Local operating mechanisms for points or track-mounted scotch-blocks; Visible or audible signals; Local operating mechanisms for visible or audible signals
    • B61L5/12—Visible signals
    • B61L5/18—Light signals; Mechanisms associated therewith, e.g. blinders
    • B61L5/1809—Daylight signals
    • B61L5/1881—Wiring diagrams for power supply, control or testing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection
    • H05B47/25—Circuit arrangements for protecting against overcurrent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for Stromschwellwerterkennung, in particular for Stromschwellwerterkennung a flashing signal lamp in railway safety technology, with a measuring resistor, the voltage drop feeds a EigenEnergiemakers the circuit, the measuring resistor is connected to a charging circuit, and the charging circuit has an output contact, and wherein the voltage drop at the output contact with a measuring circuit can be evaluated.
  • an optical or acoustic signal that follows the operating state of the device to be monitored is to be output at a control station.
  • Such a power-consuming device to be monitored are the lamps of a railway signal or a traffic light.
  • the state of the railway signal or the traffic lights should be displayed, in particular which signal lamp (for example, red, green, or even no in case of a malfunction) is currently lit.
  • the monitoring takes place in the prior art according to EP 1 046 920 B1 by a circuit arrangement with threshold value detection.
  • a generally low-impedance measuring resistor is connected in series. When current flows through the device to be monitored, i. When the device is in operation, current also flows through the measuring resistor.
  • the voltage drop across the measuring resistor is processed by a charging circuit, and a measuring circuit evaluates the voltage drop across the charging circuit.
  • the measuring circuit is supplied with operating current via the voltage drop across the measuring resistor. The circuit therefore does not require its own power supply.
  • the charging circuit uses a charging capacitor, which is charged by the voltage dropping across the measuring resistor.
  • a device such as a signal lamp
  • the voltage at the capacitor of the charging circuit drops only slowly, so that the Measuring circuit the shutdown can register with some delay.
  • the known circuit arrangement is unable to correctly monitor a device with rapid changes of switching on and off, such as a flashing signal lamp with a frequency of 1 Hz.
  • the integrator circuit provides a balancing current flow between output contact and ground in the event that a sudden voltage spike occurs at the output contact.
  • it uses, for example, the frequency-dependent resistance of a capacitor, which disappears in the case of a sudden voltage spike as high-frequency interference.
  • a transistor can be switched through.
  • the use of the frequency-dependent resistance of a coil is conceivable, the becomes very large at a sudden voltage spike as a high-frequency disturbance.
  • the discharge circuit causes a rapid voltage reduction at the output contact of the charging circuit after a shutdown or failure of the device to be monitored.
  • the discharge circuit detects only a slight drop in the voltage at the output contact from a normal voltage value in the operation of the device to be monitored, and then triggers a discharge of the output contact.
  • the detection of the voltage drop is typically done by comparison with a reference voltage from a reference diode such as a Zener diode.
  • the measuring circuit registers a shutdown of the device before the discharge circuit discharges the output contact. But it is also possible that the discharge circuit begins with the discharge before the measuring circuit has registered the shutdown, or measuring circuit and discharge circuit react approximately simultaneously.
  • the discharge circuit advantageously increases the reliability of detecting the shutdown of the device by the measuring circuit.
  • a preferred embodiment of the circuit arrangement according to the invention provides that the measuring resistor is connected via a series resistor to the charging circuit, and that the integrator circuit is designed as a limiter and integrator circuit, which limits the voltage at the output contact in addition to time-independent together with the series resistor.
  • a limiter circuit is preferably integrated in the integrator circuit; Alternatively, however, the limiter circuit can also use only switching elements independent of the integrator circuit. If a high voltage is applied to the measuring resistor, then the limiter circuit causes such a large part of this voltage to drop across the series resistor that only an acceptable voltage drop occurs at the output contact.
  • the limiter circuit typically causes that the resistance of the limiter circuit is above a threshold voltage compared to the resistance of the series resistor.
  • the limiter and integrator circuit comprises a power diode. This causes a simple way a fixed maximum voltage drop at the output contact.
  • the limiter and integrator circuit comprises a first transistor whose emitter and base are respectively connected via resistors to the output contact, that the base of the first transistor is connected via a capacitor to ground that the collector of the first transistor with the base of a second transistor, via a Zener diode to the output contact, and connected via a resistor to ground that the collector of the second transistor is connected to the output contact, and that the emitter of the second transistor is connected to ground.
  • This circuit has proven itself in practice.
  • the charging circuit is designed as a voltage doubler circuit.
  • the voltage doubler circuit is simple and inexpensive.
  • the charging circuit has a charging capacitor, and in particular further comprises a Griger rectifier and / or a Begrenzerdiode and / or a DC / DC converter. If the device to be monitored is operated with direct current, a simple charging capacitor is sufficient as a charging circuit.
  • the Griger rectifier makes it possible to monitor devices operated with alternating voltage by means of the charging capacitor.
  • the limiter diode protects the circuit from overload.
  • the DC / DC converter provides a constant voltage supply for the circuit arrangement, in particular the measuring circuit, available, in particular with a higher voltage than the measuring resistor available.
  • the discharge circuit has a first comparator whose first input is connected via a voltage divider to the output contact, and the second input via a voltage divider having a reference diode, with the output contact is connected, wherein the output of the first comparator is further connected via a discharge resistor to the output contact.
  • the first input of the first comparator is connected via a resistor to the voltage divider, and that the output of the first comparator is coupled via a resistor to the first input of the first comparator.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the measuring circuit has a second comparator whose first input is connected via a voltage divider having a reference diode to the output contact, the second input is connected via a further voltage divider to the output contact, and that Output of the second comparator is connected to a useful signal output of the circuit arrangement.
  • This circuit has proven itself in practice.
  • a development of this embodiment is characterized in that the first input of the second comparator is connected via a resistor to the voltage divider, and that the output of the second comparator is coupled via a resistor to the first input of the second comparator. Thereby, the hysteresis of the second comparator can be adjusted.
  • the second input of the second comparator may be connected to ground via a capacitor.
  • the integration time constant can be increased at the second input of the second comparator, and thus a residual voltage can be reduced there.
  • an optocoupler is arranged on a useful signal output of the circuit arrangement.
  • the useful signal output is voltage-separated.
  • other voltage-isolated circuits are possible according to the invention, in particular a relay circuit.
  • the circuit arrangement comprises a test resistor, which is switchable by a switch, in particular a relay, parallel to the measuring resistor.
  • a switch in particular a relay
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram for a circuit arrangement according to the invention.
  • the circuit diagram on the left contains a voltage source 1, via which a signal lamp 2 to be monitored is operated.
  • the voltage source 1 provides a pulsed alternating current of 220 volts, which operates with a switching rhythm of one hertz.
  • the signal lamp 2 is in this embodiment, a flashing signal lamp in the Swiss railway network.
  • the circuit of the signal lamp 2 is closed via a measuring resistor RM.
  • a further resistor RP can be connected in parallel by means of a relay 10.
  • the measuring resistor RM is much smaller than the resistance of the signal lamp 2; for example, RM is 47 ohms and the resistance of the signal lamp is 2 is about 1.2 kohm.
  • a current I In the circuit of the signal lamp 2 flows through the signal lamp 2, a current I.
  • a correction circuit To monitor the signal lamp 2, the voltage drop across the measuring resistor RM is determined.
  • further circuit parts namely aaccosverdopplerscquaint 3 as a charging circuit, an integrator and limiter circuit 4, a discharge circuit 5, a measuring circuit 6 and a monitoring circuit. 7
  • the voltage doubler circuit 3 picks up the voltage across the measuring resistor RM via a series resistor RV.
  • a typical voltage drop across RM in normal operation is about 2V.
  • the voltage doubler circuit 3 has an output contact D located at the top in FIG. 1, at which, in normal operation, a voltage approximately twice as high as at RM is applied, that is to say typically approximately 4 V with respect to ground.
  • a second contact 11 of the voltage doubler circuit is grounded.
  • the voltage applied to the output contact D is used in the following circuit parts integrator and limiter circuit 4, discharge circuit 5 and measuring circuit 6 both as a supply voltage and as a measured value.
  • the integrator and limiter circuit 4 is connected according to the invention via a closed terminal 8 to the output contact D.
  • An open terminal 8 is used only for examining the switching behavior with the integrator and limiter circuit deactivated in order to illustrate the differences from the invention (see Fig. 3).
  • the transistor TR2, the resistor R1 and the Zener diode ZD1 together form a power diode and limit with the series resistor RV time independent the maximum charging voltage to the capacitors C1 and C2.
  • the Zener diode ZD1 has a limit voltage of 4 V, which can fall to a maximum on her. Together with the voltage drop between base and emitter of the transistor TR2 of about 0.65 V so that the voltage at the output contact D is limited to 4.65V.
  • a discharge circuit 5 is provided.
  • the discharge circuit 5 monitors with the comparator KOMP1 and the resistors R4 and R5, which form a voltage divider, the voltage at the output contact D.
  • the comparator 1 receives as a reference signal a fixed voltage of 1.21 V from the Zener diode ZD2 and the resistor R8, the also form a voltage divider. If the output contact D falls below a certain voltage value in comparison to the reference voltage, KOMP1 switches its output to ground (in fact, because of the open collector circuit in KOMP1, a residual voltage of 0.65 V, which is unimportant for the circuit, remains Field effect transistor in KOMP1 be prevented).
  • the switching hysteresis of KOMP1 is set by means of R6 and R7.
  • Switching the output of the comparator KOMP1 to ground has two effects: First, this will discharge the output contact D to ground via R9, i. the residual voltage across C1 and C2 drops faster. Secondly, the second input of the comparator KOMP2 of the measuring circuit 6 is thereby grounded, so that it shuts off the subsequent optocoupler at the latest now.
  • the measuring circuit 6 essentially comprises two voltage dividers ZD2 and R8 on the one hand and R9 and R10 on the other hand, which are connected to the first, upper and the second, lower input of the comparator KOMP2.
  • a fixed voltage of 1.21 V is dropped across the Zener diode ZD2, whereby the voltage at the first input is defined.
  • the voltage at the second input is determined by the voltage at the output contact D and the switching state of KOMP1. If the voltage at the second input of KOMP2 falls below a certain value, the output of KOMP2 is switched to ground, and a current flows from the output contact D through R13 and an opto-coupler 9.
  • the resistor 13 can also be omitted.
  • this current flow causes the illumination of a light-emitting diode. Its light is registered by a phototransistor, which causes a current flow in the monitoring circuit 7, and in particular through the resistor R14. This can be caused by a voltage drop at point F be registered.
  • the current flow in thetravelenivachungsscaria 7 is effected by a voltage source independent of the voltage source 1, ie the monitoring circuit 7 is voltage-separated from the rest of the circuit arrangement.
  • Figure 2 shows a diagram in which show the current and voltage waveforms in the above circuit arrangement according to the invention in the case of a blinking with a Hertz signal lamp. Plotted to the right is the time t. It will first be considered the left half of the diagram, which explains the circuit in normal operation.
  • the current I is shown in the signal lamp.
  • an inrush current peak occurs which exceeds the equilibrium current (or rated current) by a factor of about 10 and lasts about 0.05 seconds.
  • flash phases 0.5 seconds each are shown. This is followed by a flash break of 0.5 seconds.
  • the current I is an alternating current of 50 Hz.
  • the voltage at the output contact D i. over the two capacitors C1 and C2, shown.
  • the integrator circuit according to the invention, there is no voltage spike at the beginning of each flashing phase, but the voltage oscillates from zero high within about 0.08 seconds to a low saturation value by 2 V.
  • the voltage at the output contact oscillates relatively quickly within about 1/10 second back to a low residual value. This residual value is sufficient to operate the two comparators.
  • the fourth line shows the voltage at the second input of the second comparator at point E.
  • a small voltage peak of about 0.65 V occurs, but because of the switching threshold of about 1.21 V of the second comparator is irrelevant.
  • comparator KOMP1 no longer grounds its output, within approx. 0.05 Seconds a saturation voltage at point E.
  • the voltage drops slowly for about 0.025 seconds, but then abruptly, when the first comparator KOMP1 switches its output to ground. Residual stresses at the point E can be reduced by the capacitor C4 in FIG.
  • the fifth target shows the voltage at point F, ie the actual useful signal of the circuit arrangement according to the invention.
  • the voltage at point F As soon as the voltage at point E exceeds a certain threshold value, the voltage at point F abruptly rises to an upper value. If the voltage at point E falls below a threshold value, the voltage at point F abruptly drops to a lower value of zero.
  • the beginning of a blinking phase is registered at point F with a delay of approx. 0.13 seconds.
  • the end of a blink phase is registered with a delay of approx. 0.025 seconds.
  • test resistor to the measuring resistor can be connected in parallel. This reduces any voltage drop across the measuring resistor. This corresponds approximately to the real situation of an increase in the resistance of the device to be monitored due to a defect in the device.
  • Figure 3 shows the current and voltage distribution of the circuit of Figure 1, with the limiter and integrator circuit disabled by the open terminal (reference 8 in Figure 1). Incidentally, the representation corresponds to the representation in FIG. 2. First of all, the operation without test resistance on the left is to be considered again.
  • a strong voltage peak occurs at point D. It only sounds in the course of half a flashing phase, ie within approx. 0.25 seconds, to an equilibrium value of about 1/5 of the value Peak value. Also at the point E occurs a corresponding voltage overshoot. Thanks to the discharge circuit but the end of a flashing phase is reliably registered. However, if the cooldown is more than the duration of a flashing phase, for example at a flashing frequency of 1 ⁇ 4 Hz in the above example, the end of the flashing phase would not be registered due to overload.
  • the voltage peak is still light enough when switching on to switch the comparators and display the start of the flashing phase at point F.
  • the flashing phase is displayed shortened at point F according to the cooldown of the voltage spike.
  • a defect in the consumer to be monitored may go unnoticed as a result of the overload.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Interface Circuits In Exchanges (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Circuit de détection d'une valeur de seuil de courant, notamment pour détecter une valeur de seuil de courant d'une lampe de signalisation clignotante en technique de sécurité ferroviaire, comprenant une résistance de mesure (RM) dont la chute de tension alimente une source d'énergie propre au circuit, la résistance de mesure (RM) étant connectée à un circuit de charge (D1, D2, C1, .C2), le circuit de charge (D1, D2, C1, C2) présentant un contact de sortie (D) et la chute de tension au niveau du contact de sortie (D) pouvant être reliée avec un circuit de mesure (R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, ZD2, KOMP2, C4),
    caractérisé en ce
    que le contact de sortie (D) est connecté à un circuit intégrateur (TR1, R2, R3, C3, TR2) qui atténue en fonction du temps une impulsion de courant de tension au niveau du contact de sortie (D) et que le contact de sortie (D) est en plus connecté à un circuit de décharge (R4, R5, R6, R7, KOMP1) qui décharge le contact de sortie (D) en cas de franchissement vers le bas d'une tension de seuil au niveau du contact de sortie (D).
  2. Circuit selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la résistance de mesure (RM) est connectée au circuit de charge par le biais d'une résistance série (RV) et que le circuit intégrateur est réalisé sous la forme d'un circuit limiteur et intégrateur (R1, ZD1, TR1, R2, R3, C3, TR2) qui limite en plus, conjointement avec la résistance série (RV), la tension au niveau du contact de sortie (D) indépendamment du temps.
  3. Circuit selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le circuit limiteur et intégrateur (ZD1, R1, TR2) comprend une diode zener de puissance.
  4. Circuit selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le circuit limiteur et intégrateur comprend un premier transistor (TR1) dont l'émetteur et la base sont respectivement reliés par le biais de résistances (R3, R2) avec le contact de sortie (D), que la base du premier transistor (TR1) est reliée à la masse par le biais d'un condensateur (C3), que le collecteur du premier transistor (TR1) est relié avec la base d'un deuxième transistor (TR2), avec le contact de sortie (D) par le biais d'une diode zener (ZD1) et avec la masse par le biais d'une résistance (R1), que le collecteur du deuxième transistor (TR2) est relié avec le contact de sortie (D) et que l'émetteur du deuxième transistor (TR2) est relié avec la masse.
  5. Circuit selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de charge est réalisé sous la forme d'un circuit doubleur de tension (D1, C2, C1, C2).
  6. Circuit selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de charge présente un condensateur de charge et notamment en plus un pont redresseur de Graëtz et/ou une diode de limitation et/ou un convertisseur CC/CC.
  7. Circuit selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de décharge présente un premier comparateur (KOMP1) dont la première entrée est reliée par le biais d'un diviseur de tension (R4, R5) avec le contact de sortie (D) et dont la deuxième entrée est reliée avec le contact de sortie (D) par le biais d'un diviseur de tension (R8, ZD2) qui présente une diode de référence (ZD2), la sortie du premier comparateur (KOMP1) étant en plus reliée avec le contact de sortie (D) par le biais d'une résistance de décharge (R9).
  8. Circuit selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la première entrée du premier comparateur (KOMP1) est reliée avec le diviseur de tension (R4, R5) par le biais d'une résistance (R6) et que la sortie du premier comparateur (KOMP1) est connectée en contre-réaction à la première entrée du premier comparateur (KOMP1) par le biais d'une résistance (R7).
  9. Circuit selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de mesure présente un deuxième comparateur (KOMP2) dont la première entrée est reliée avec le contact de sortie (D) par le biais d'un diviseur de tension (R8, ZD2) qui présente une diode zener (ZD2), dont la deuxième entrée est reliée avec le contact de sortie (D) par le biais d'un autre diviseur de tension (R9, R10) et que la sortie du deuxième comparateur (KOMP2) est reliée avec une sortie de signal utile de l'arrangement de circuit.
  10. Circuit selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la première entrée du deuxième comparateur (KOMP2) est reliée avec le diviseur de tension (R8, ZD2) par le biais d'une résistance (R11) et que la sortie du deuxième comparateur (KOMP2) est connectée en contre-réaction à la première entrée du deuxième comparateur (KOMP2) par le biais d'une résistance (R12).
EP05290806A 2005-04-11 2005-04-11 Circuit pour detecter un seuil de courant Not-in-force EP1721805B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05290806A EP1721805B1 (fr) 2005-04-11 2005-04-11 Circuit pour detecter un seuil de courant
AT05290806T ATE363423T1 (de) 2005-04-11 2005-04-11 Schaltungsanordnung zur stromschwellwerterkennung
DE502005000792T DE502005000792D1 (de) 2005-04-11 2005-04-11 Schaltungsanordnung zur Stromschwellwerterkennung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05290806A EP1721805B1 (fr) 2005-04-11 2005-04-11 Circuit pour detecter un seuil de courant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1721805A1 EP1721805A1 (fr) 2006-11-15
EP1721805B1 true EP1721805B1 (fr) 2007-05-30

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EP05290806A Not-in-force EP1721805B1 (fr) 2005-04-11 2005-04-11 Circuit pour detecter un seuil de courant

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EP (1) EP1721805B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE363423T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502005000792D1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3145744C1 (de) * 1981-11-19 1983-04-07 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Schaltungsanordnung zur Überwachung von Wechselstromverbrauchern, insbesondere Signallampen
JPS61193398A (ja) * 1985-02-20 1986-08-27 林原　健 白熱電球点燈装置
ATE101826T1 (de) * 1990-08-21 1994-03-15 Scheidt & Bachmann Gmbh Anordnung zum ueberwachten betrieb eines verbrauchers.
DE9200787U1 (de) * 1992-01-21 1992-03-12 Siemens AG, 80333 München Schaltung zum Wirksam- und Unwirksamschalten punktförmiger Zugbeeinflussungseinrichtungen im Eisenbahnwesen
DE19917910A1 (de) * 1999-04-20 2000-10-26 Alcatel Sa Schaltungsanordnung zur Strom-Schwellwerterkennung
ES2261315T3 (es) * 2001-10-11 2006-11-16 Siemens Schweiz Ag Dispositivo para la vigilancia y/o regulacion del trafico sobre carriles.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502005000792D1 (de) 2007-07-12
EP1721805A1 (fr) 2006-11-15
ATE363423T1 (de) 2007-06-15

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