Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
  • F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
  • F21V7/0091—Reflectors for light sources using total internal reflection
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
  • F21V7/04—Optical design
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
  • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
  • F21S8/08—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
  • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
  • F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
  • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
  • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
  • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
  • F21W2131/40—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use
  • F21W2131/402—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use for working places

Definitions

• the invention relates to an arrangement for the uniform or predefinable illumination of large areas with a light source, with the aim of achieving a largely constant illuminance distribution over the respective area.
• large-area lighting can be achieved outdoors, but also in closed rooms, so that it is suitable, for example, for illuminating traffic or office spaces.
• it can also be a desired predetermined illumination of certain surface areas of a surface to be illuminated, such as in particular external ones
• Edge areas of such an area can be reached.
• illuminance drops occur with a factor cos (w) 3 , based on the center of the illuminated surface (at 60 °: 0.125). For example, there is a reduction in illuminance at the edges in relation to the center of the respective area to 1/8 in conventional solutions.
• the arrangement according to the invention for uniform or predetermined illumination of large areas, the respective large areas always being to be evaluated in relation to the size of the respective light source or the light radiation emitted by a light source uses at least one reflective element on which a Fresnel structure is formed and collimated light of the light source is reflected on the surface provided with the Fresnel structure. A slight divergence can be tolerated in the light directed onto this surface and, if necessary, can also be compensated for by suitable measures on the reflecting element.
• a Fresnel structure that is at least partially free of flanks is formed on the at least one reflecting element.
• This Fresnel structure is formed from alternating active edges, each with respect to the incident col- limited light have changing angular inclinations.
• collimated light incident with an active flank aligned at an angular inclination is collected, and the incident collimated light is scattered with the active flank that is adjacent to such an active flank and is oriented at a different angle inclination.
• such an interference-free Fresnel structure should be formed at least in the radially outer region of such a reflective element with respect to the optical axis of the entire system or the collimated light.
• a reflective element according to the invention used for reflection with a Fresnel structure free of interference flanks.
• Fresnel structure on its rear side on reflective elements to be used according to the invention, so that the collimated light strikes the respective active edges of the Fresnel structure according to the invention via the surface of the reflecting element facing the respective light source
• Dependence of the respective angle of inclination of the active surfaces is reflected and, after a refraction at the interface, which is arranged opposite the interference-free Fresnel structure on the surface of the reflecting element, is additionally broken, so that such a refraction again makes the beam guidance advantageous for the desired uniform large area Illumination can be used.
• the reflective element to be used according to the invention should be formed from a material transparent to the respective light with a known refractive index, and the outer surfaces of the interference-free Fresnel structure should be coated with a coating reflecting the respective light.
• the actual reflective elements can consist of a suitable plastic that can be processed, for example, by injection molding or conventional hot stamping.
• the collimated light is reflected directly on the surface of an interference-free Fresnel structure without the respective one
• the Fresnel structure according to the invention which is free of interference flanks can also be formed exclusively from a corresponding reflective material or, as already mentioned, such a reflective coating has been formed on a corresponding Fresnel structure without interference flanks.
• the distance A of the one or more reflective element (s) from the surface to be illuminated should be at least five times, preferably at least ten times as large as the diameter or the surface diagonal of the cross section of the respective collimated light, which is directed to the respective o - Which is directed towards the correspondingly arranged reflective element (s).
• one of the two active flanks of a pair of oppositely oriented active flanks arranged adjacent to one another performs the function of a concave reflex (concave mirror) and the other active flank performs the function of a convex mirror (arched mirror).
• the active flank performing the function of a convex mirror scatters the light in the direction of the outer edge of the surface to be illuminated and the active surface performing the function of a concave mirror collects the light in the direction of the focal point, but since the distances of the surface to be illuminated are kept relatively large, too the light reflected with such an active edge is actually scattered.
• the images obtained on the respective differently oriented active surfaces by reflection on the surface to be illuminated overlap on the surface to be illuminated in each case and the illuminance is homogenized over the entire surface to be illuminated.
• the light distribution is independent of the respective geometry of the light source or the beam geometry of the light radiation emitted by it, so that one can speak of illumination in the so-called "far field”.
• the photometric limit distance of the photometric distance law should be taken into account.
• Figure 1 in schematic form an example of an arrangement for illuminating large areas
• FIG. 2 shows a partial representation of a reflective element with a conventional Fresnel structure, as can be used in an arrangement according to FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 shows in schematic form the reflection behavior of a conventional Fresnel structure on the active and interference flanks
• FIG. 4 shows the reflection behavior on a conventional Fresnel structure with multiple reflections on the interference flank
• FIG. 5 shows, in schematic form, the basic reflection behavior on an interference-free Fresnel structure to be used according to the invention
• Figure 6 in three-dimensional form a calculated illuminance distribution over an area that can be achieved with an arrangement according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 an arrangement for illuminating large areas 5 is shown in schematic form.
• collimated light 1 ′ from a light source 1 is directed onto a reflecting element 2 provided with a Fresnel structure and is reflected back by the latter in the direction of the surface 5 to be illuminated with a correspondingly large aperture.
• FIGS. 2 and 3 show partial representations in which conventional reflective elements provided with a Fresnel structure are shown with their respective beam guidance.
• FIG. 2 indicates how the collimated light of the light source 1 strikes the active flanks of a conventional Fresnel structure through the material of a reflecting element, is reflected at a radially outward angle according to the angle of incidence on the respective active flanks and on the outer surface , is accordingly broken again as the interface of the reflecting element.
• part of the collimated light 1 ′ strikes an interference flank directly, is reflected by the latter on an active edge and from the active edge again on the interference edge and is then reflected by the reflecting element 2 for illuminating a surface ,
• the proportion of the light reflected by the reflecting element 2 emerges almost parallel to it, so that an undesirable increase in the illuminance occurs in the central region of the surface to be illuminated.
• FIG. 5 is intended to illustrate the advantageous reflection behavior of a Fresnel structure free of interference edges on a reflective element 2 that can be used in the invention in a schematic form.
• the respective reflected light is then refracted accordingly on the opposite surface of the reflecting element 2.
• FIG. 5 clearly shows that the collimated light 1 ′ incident from the active surfaces 3 and 4 oriented at different angular inclinations is reflected in opposite directions and is additionally refracted.
• the light reflected in each case on the active edges 3 and 4 and possibly additionally refracted is opened once in the direction deflected the radially outer edge of the surface 5 to be illuminated and the other of the active surfaces 3 or 4 in each case directs light in focused form to a corresponding focal point and with a correspondingly large distance between the reflecting element 2 and the surface 5 to be illuminated above the focal point which is in the optical Axis is arranged in the radially outer direction further outwards, so that the desired effect according to the invention of a uniform illuminance, which is to be achieved over the entire surface 5 to be illuminated, can be achieved.
• the respective angles of inclination of active flanks 3 and 4 of a Fresnel structure free of interference flanks can be adapted according to their distances in relation to the optical axis and correspondingly different angles of inclination of active surfaces 3 and 4 on the reflective element.
• the surface of a reflective element 2, into which the light enters and exits again can also be concave and / or convexly curved at least in regions .
• a divergence of the collimated light 1 'directed at the corresponding surface of the reflecting element 2 can be compensated for and, on the other hand, the exit angle of the surface formed on such a surface in a curved manner can be improved for the desired homogeneous illumination of the respective surface 5 reflective elements 2 broken light can be exploited.
• FIG. 6 shows in three dimensions a calculated illuminance distribution over an illuminated surface 5, which can be achieved with an example of an arrangement according to the invention.
• the surface 5 to be illuminated considered here had a circular shape with a diameter of 7100 mm, with a distance of the surface from the reflecting element 2 of 2500 mm.
• a maximum edge ray inclination of 55 ° was assumed for light reflected on a reflecting element 2, which is directed onto a surface to be illuminated. This peripheral beam angle would correspond to the respective outer light rays, as can be seen in FIG. 1.
• a 8 -5.0425E-16 is displayed.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)
• Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=34801133

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (5)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2004
  • 2004-01-21 DE DE102004004261A patent/DE102004004261B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-01-10 AT AT05706675T patent/ATE371145T1/de active
  • 2005-01-10 WO PCT/DE2005/000038 patent/WO2005071310A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 2005-01-10 DE DE502005001309T patent/DE502005001309D1/de active Active
  • 2005-01-10 EP EP05706675A patent/EP1709360B1/fr not_active Not-in-force

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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