EP1707270B1 - Zerkleinerungsanlage für organische Abfälle - Google Patents

Zerkleinerungsanlage für organische Abfälle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1707270B1
EP1707270B1 EP05013416A EP05013416A EP1707270B1 EP 1707270 B1 EP1707270 B1 EP 1707270B1 EP 05013416 A EP05013416 A EP 05013416A EP 05013416 A EP05013416 A EP 05013416A EP 1707270 B1 EP1707270 B1 EP 1707270B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
grinding
organic waste
treatment unit
grinding chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP05013416A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1707270A1 (de
Inventor
Marco Santandrea
Massimo Lombardi
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ATOP SpA
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ATOP SpA
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Publication date
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Priority to SI200530976T priority Critical patent/SI1707270T1/sl
Publication of EP1707270A1 publication Critical patent/EP1707270A1/de
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Publication of EP1707270B1 publication Critical patent/EP1707270B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2216—Discharge means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C2018/164—Prevention of jamming and/or overload
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
    • B02C2023/165—Screen denying egress of oversize material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an organic waste treatment unit for waste of many kinds, such as vegetables, fruit, and other food of various type, which carries out a fine fragmentation of the waste before disposal and subsequent collection by a public disposal centre, in order to reduce the volume of the waste, to limit the generation of bacteria in the ground waste, to reduce its environmental impact, and then to be of practical use for a separate waste collection.
  • organic waste cannot be left for a long time in common bins for household use suited for separate waste collection, because it is bulky and can produce bad smell for the action of bacteria. Therefore, to limit these problems, organic waste should be processed in suitable machines for reducing its size and limiting the action of bacteria.
  • Machines for treatment of organic waste exist that grind the material before disposal and collection by a public disposal centre, so that the waste has a low environmental impact.
  • the existing machines cannot make an effective fragmentation of the organic waste and cannot avoid that the ground waste has still a high level of humidity, which enhances multiplication of bacteria in the mass of waste.
  • the known machines for waste treatment have a complex grinding unit.
  • a problem of existing grinding units is that they have a cutting mechanism that during operation is subject to jam owing to particularly resistant bodies; in this case, if the machine is not stopped promptly, the cutting mechanism could be damaged.
  • the grinding means comprise at least one knife rotating about an axis suitable for cooperating with a stationary knife connected to the wall of the grinding chamber, in order to grind the waste coming from said inlet.
  • the knives have a curved profile suitable to assist the outflow of a washing liquid downstream of said grinding chamber.
  • the or each knife is mounted on the boundary of a rotating drum.
  • knives are arranged in rows longitudinally to the drum.
  • the knives of the different longitudinal rows can be arranged radially on the drum.
  • the knives of the different longitudinal rows can be shifted in the many transversal planes of the drum.
  • said grinding means can be operated by motor means associated to a control circuit that in determined operative conditions operates inversion of the speed of rotation of the grinding means up to a determined angular position, for then causing another inversion of the speed of rotation up to cutting again the waste.
  • This step can be repeated a predetermined number of times. This avoids jamming problems to the machine due to the presence of waste, or parts of waste, particularly resistant to the cutting action operated by the grinding means.
  • control circuit measures the electrical power absorption of the motor and operates the inversion of speed of rotation of the grinding means when a measured value of said power absorption is different from a predetermined value.
  • the flow sorting means of the waste comprises:
  • control valve provides:
  • control valve is operated by motor means mounted on a frame of the waste treatment unit.
  • the inlet and the grinding chamber means are provided for feeding a disinfecting solution suitable for preventing fermentation of the ground organic waste.
  • washing means can be provided suitable for sending a certain amount of water in the unit for removing any residues from the grinding means and from the inner walls of the unit same at the end of a cycle of operation.
  • the grinding chamber and the control valve are enclosed in a carter of protection, which can be released by the user after stopping the motor means.
  • the motor means can be reached by the user, who can thus carry out an inversion of the speed to release possible objects that, during operation, have reached the moving parts in the unit, in particular the grinding means, causing it to jam.
  • the inlet has side walls of flexible material suitable to assist the introduction of waste in the grinding unit.
  • a modular element for kitchen units comprises a grinding unit as above described, said modular element comprising a piece of furniture having a height, depth and width of standard size for kitchen units.
  • a ground organic waste has a liquid fraction and a solid fraction. Therefore, for reducing the volume of the waste to dispose of, in order to be easily collected by a public disposal centre, and for avoiding conditions favourable to the multiplication of bacteria, in the first step of the organic waste treatment process a relevant portion of the waste liquid fraction is separated from the solid fraction. This step is made through waste sorting means 20, 21 and 30, shown in detail in figure 6 .
  • the waste sorting means 20, 21 and 30 comprise a sieve 21 movable between a first position, where it allows the passage of only the waste liquid fraction ( figures 1 and 2 ), and a second position, where it allows the passage also of the waste solid fraction ( figures 3 and 4 ).
  • the sieve 21 is operatively connected by a rod 20 to a control valve 30, which is arranged downstream of a grinding chamber 10, in order to synchronize its movements.
  • valve 30 has a diaphragm 31 having holes 32 and a dividing wall 33 parallel to the diaphragm ( figure 6 ).
  • valve 30 with the pierced diaphragm 31 is located at the base of grinding chamber 10, and dividing wall 33 faces outlet 35. This way, in the first step of the organic waste treatment carried out by unit 1, the waste liquid fraction can outflow up to the water drain, which is in hydraulic connection with unit 1 by a duct 35.
  • the second step of the organic waste treatment provides the arrangement of sieve 21 in the second position, in order to cause the solid fraction of the waste processed to reach grinding chamber 10, where it is finely chopped.
  • knives 15 are arranged on the boundary of a rotating drum 11 and cooperate with a stationary knife 16 connected to the walls of chamber 10, in order to provide a substantially "comb-shaped" structure.
  • control valve 30 has dividing wall 33 in a position that does not block the path of the waste towards the waste-collecting container 50; diaphragm 31 faces outlet 35 to allow the outflow of a residual waste liquid fraction, along with an amount of washing fluid sprayed for removing any organic residues.
  • Knives 15 can be arranged along drum 11 according to longitudinal rows, for example three at 120° from one another, and also arranged radially ( figure 5 ). In an alternative exemplary embodiment, not shown in the figures, knives 15 can be arranged shifted from one another. Furthermore, knives 15 are provided shaped with a curved profile in order to direct a washing liquid in a desired direction.
  • a carter of protection 80 is diagrammatically shown that covers grinding chamber 10 and control valve 30, so that moving parts existing in the unit cannot be reached by the user, when the machine is in normal running conditions.
  • Carter 80 can be turned into two halves 81 and 82, in order to access the chamber from a closed position ( figure 7A ), for example by a closure handle 85 when the machine is off. This way the mechanical moving parts, and in particular the motor that operates the grinding knives, can be reached by the user in order to manually reverse the rotation and to remove possible undesired objects.
  • Knives 15 are operated by a motor 60 that can be associated to a control circuit, not shown in the figures.
  • the control circuit has the function of operating an inversion of the speed of rotation of knives 15 at particular operative conditions.
  • control circuit detects a stop of the rotation of knives 15, for example owing to the presence of hard material, it causes the motor to carry out an inversion of the speed of rotation of knives 15, up to reaching a determined angular position. Then, the speed of rotation is again inverted of knives 15 that start again to rotate forwards, thus cutting further the waste.
  • FIG 10 The situation is graphically shown in figure 10 , where a qualitative diagram is shown of the angular speed (V) of knives 15 versus time (t). More in detail, starting from starting time t 0 , knives 15 proceed grinding regularly at speed V for a certain time. However, if at an instant t 1 the knives are braked by the opposition caused by hard waste, for example a hazel, a bone, another hard object or in any case resistant to cutting, such a resistance would cause the knives 15 to be blocked, whereby the control circuit at instant t 1 operates an inversion of the speed of rotation up to an instant t 2 , bringing the knives to a withdrawn angular position. Then, the knives 15 are moved again at forward speed and cut again the waste impacting the waste at a speed V.
  • V angular speed
  • This step of inversion is repeated for example three times, by inverting the speed repeatedly back and forward at following times t 3 , t 4 , t 5 , t 6 , for then starting again after the last inversion, to run continuatively at speed V. If the knives block again, the cycle is repeated, even if with organic waste of normal hardness an inversion back and forward for three times and impact at a certain speed is enough to obtain the full grinding of the harder parts.
  • the grinding unit 1 above described can be integrated in a modular element 100 for kitchen units, having for example a size (width and depth) 30*60 or 45*60 or 60*60 cm; in the second and third size it is possible to associate said grinding unit and a compacting unit, so that a complete module for separate waste collection is obtained.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Einheit zur Behandlung von organischem Abfall (1), Folgendes umfassend:
    einen Einlass (5) zum Einführen des zu behandelnden Abfalls,
    eine Zerkleinerungskammer (10), die mit Zerkleinerungsmitteln (11, 15, 16) für den vom Einlass kommenden Abfall ausgestattet ist,
    einen Abfallsammelbehälter (50) zum Sammeln des Abfalls, der in der Kammer zerkleinert wurde,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner Folgendes umfasst:
    einen Auslass (35) für flüssige Rückstände, die aus dem Abfall durch die Zerkleinerungskammer (10) sickern,
    Mittel (21, 30) zum Sortieren des Förderstroms, die geeignet sind, wahlweise nur die flüssigen Rückstände des Abfalls zum Auslass zu leiten oder auch feste Bestandteile, die von den flüssigen Bestandteilen getrennt wurden, zum Abfallsammelbehälter (50) zu leiten.
  2. Einheit zur Behandlung von organischem Abfall nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Zerkleinerungsmittel (11 ,15, 16) mindestens ein Messer (15) umfassen, das sich um eine Rotationsachse dreht und geeignet ist, mit einem stationären Messer (16) zusammenzuwirken, das mit einer Wandung der Zerkleinerungskammer (10) verbunden ist, um den vom Einlass (5) kommenden Abfall zu zerkleinern, wobei das oder jedes Messer (15) einzeln am Umfang eines Drehzylinders (11) angebracht ist.
  3. Einheit zur Behandlung von organischem Abfall nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Messer (15) ein bogenförmiges Profil aufweisen, das geeignet ist, den Ausfluss einer Waschflüssigkeit hinter der Zerkleinerungskammer (10) zu unterstützen.
  4. Einheit zur Behandlung von organischem Abfall nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Messer (15) in einer Weise angeordnet sind, die aus einer Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die Folgendes umfasst: in längs auf dem Zylinder (11) angeordneten Reihen; radial auf dem Zylinder (11) angeordnet; versetzt in verschienen Ebenen quer zum Zylinder (11).
  5. Einheit zur Behandlung von organischem Abfall nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Mittel zur Stromsortierung des Abfalls in Kombination oder einzeln Folgendes umfassen:
    - ein Sieb, das zwischen dem Einlass und der Abfallzerkleinerungskammer angeordnet ist und zwischen einer ersten Position, in der nur die Durchleitung von flüssigen Rückständen, die aus dem Abfall sickern, und einer zweiten Position, in der auch die Durchleitung des Abfalls ermöglicht wird, bewegt werden kann, wobei das Sieb zusammenwirkt mit:
    - einem Steuerventil, das der Zerkleinerungskammer nachgeordnet und dafür geeignet ist, den Zugang des Abfalls zum Abfallsammelbehälter selbst dann zu verhindern/ermöglichen, wenn das Durchsickern der flüssigen Rückstände ermöglicht wird.
  6. Einheit zur Behandlung von organischem Abfall nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Steuerventil in Kombination oder einzeln Folgendes umfasst:
    - eine Öffnung aufweisende Membran, die den Anteil festen Abfalls zurückhält, wenn das Sieb in seiner ersten Position zur Zerkleinerungskammer zeigt, um den Ausfluss des flüssigen Abfalls unter Zurückhaltung der festen Bestandteile des Abfalls zu ermöglichen, wohingegen es an seiner zweiten Position zum Auslass zeigt,
    - eine Trennwand, die im Wesentlichen parallel zur Öffnungen aufweisenden Membran liegt und geeignet ist, einen Zugang zum Abfallsammelbehälter zu verschließen, wenn sich das Sieb an seiner ersten Position befindet, und einen Zugang zum Abfallsammelbehälter zu ermöglichen, wenn sich das Sieb an seiner zweiten Position befindet.
  7. Einheit zur Behandlung von organischem Abfall nach Anspruch 1, wobei zwischen dem Einlass und der Zerkleinerungskammer Mittel zum Zuführen einer Desinfektionslösung bereitgestellt werden, die geeignet ist, das Gären des organischen Abfalls am Boden zu verhindern.
  8. Einheit zur Behandlung von organischem Abfall nach Anspruch 1, wobei Mittel zum Waschen bereitgestellt sind, die geeignet sind, zum Ende eines Betriebszyklus eine bestimmte Menge Wasser in die Einheit zu schicken, um jegliche Rückstände von den Zerkleinerungsmitteln und den Innenwänden der Einheit zu entfernen.
  9. Einheit zur Behandlung von organischem Abfall nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Einlass Seitenwände aus flexiblem Material aufweist, die geeignet sind, die Einleitung des Abfalls in die Zerkleinerungseinheit zu unterstützen.
  10. Einheit zur Behandlung von organischem Abfall nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Zerkleinerungsmittel durch Motormittel betrieben werden, die mit einem Steuerkreis verbunden sind, der unter bestimmten Betriebsbedingungen die Umkehrung der Drehgeschwindigkeit der Zerkleinerungsmittel bis zu einer bestimmten Winkelposition betreibt, um dann eine weitere Umkehrung der Drehgeschwindigkeit bis zum erneuten Zerschneiden des Abfalls zu veranlassen.
  11. Einheit zur Behandlung von organischem Abfall nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Steuerkreis den Verbrauch elektrischer Energie durch den Motor misst und die Umkehrung der Drehgeschwindigkeit der Zerkleinerungsmittel betreibt, wenn sich ein Messwert des Energieverbrauchs von einem festgelegten Wert unterscheidet.
  12. Modularelement für Kücheneinheiten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Zerkleinerungseinheit nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen umfasst, wobei das Modularelement ein Möbelstück mit einer Höhe, Tiefe und Breite in Standardgrößen für Kücheneinheiten umfasst.
EP05013416A 2005-03-29 2005-06-22 Zerkleinerungsanlage für organische Abfälle Active EP1707270B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200530976T SI1707270T1 (sl) 2005-03-29 2005-06-22 Enota za mletje organskih snovi

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000033A ITPI20050033A1 (it) 2005-03-29 2005-03-29 Unita' per la triturazione di materiale organico

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1707270A1 EP1707270A1 (de) 2006-10-04
EP1707270B1 true EP1707270B1 (de) 2010-02-10

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Family Applications (1)

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EP05013416A Active EP1707270B1 (de) 2005-03-29 2005-06-22 Zerkleinerungsanlage für organische Abfälle

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1707270B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE457202T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602005019271D1 (de)
DK (1) DK1707270T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2340931T3 (de)
IT (1) ITPI20050033A1 (de)
SI (1) SI1707270T1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8448886B2 (en) 2007-11-16 2013-05-28 Atop S.P.A. Apparatus and method for grinding kitchen waste

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102198415B (zh) * 2011-04-22 2012-12-05 上海电机学院 一种粉碎机的刀片组合方法及其组合刀片
DE102013213246A1 (de) * 2013-07-05 2015-01-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ventil-Mühle-Anordnung
CN107185672B (zh) * 2017-05-21 2018-10-26 浦江县恒川信息科技有限公司 一种自动清理刀具的垃圾处理装置及其工作方法
IT201900014100A1 (it) * 2019-08-06 2021-02-06 Meka S R L Apparato di smaltimento.
CN112570119A (zh) * 2020-11-26 2021-03-30 沈斌 一种破碎大颗粒沙石增加混凝土利用率的装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3823879A (en) * 1973-03-23 1974-07-16 H Johnson Kitchen composter
FR2652281B1 (fr) * 1989-09-25 1994-10-21 Gerard Courbet Broyeur-dechiqueteur a dechets.
US5127587A (en) * 1991-05-14 1992-07-07 Johnson Harold R Kitchen composter
US5971303A (en) * 1998-03-23 1999-10-26 Pugh-Gottlieb; Margaret Waste router recycling system
DE19921405A1 (de) * 1999-05-08 2000-11-09 Winfried Kneussle Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entsorgung von verrottbaren Abfällen
DE10250886A1 (de) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-19 Peter Armbrust Sortierer für Müllzerkleinerungsvorrichtung

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8448886B2 (en) 2007-11-16 2013-05-28 Atop S.P.A. Apparatus and method for grinding kitchen waste

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE602005019271D1 (de) 2010-03-25
DK1707270T3 (da) 2010-05-31
ATE457202T1 (de) 2010-02-15
EP1707270A1 (de) 2006-10-04
ITPI20050033A1 (it) 2006-09-30
SI1707270T1 (sl) 2010-06-30
ES2340931T3 (es) 2010-06-11

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