EP1702139A1 - Dispositif et procede de transformation d'energie thermique en energie mecanique - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede de transformation d'energie thermique en energie mecanique

Info

Publication number
EP1702139A1
EP1702139A1 EP04804984A EP04804984A EP1702139A1 EP 1702139 A1 EP1702139 A1 EP 1702139A1 EP 04804984 A EP04804984 A EP 04804984A EP 04804984 A EP04804984 A EP 04804984A EP 1702139 A1 EP1702139 A1 EP 1702139A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
working medium
low
absorption
working fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04804984A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erwin Oser
Michael Rannow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ecoenergy Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=34714591&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1702139(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE2003160380 external-priority patent/DE10360380A1/de
Priority claimed from DE2003160379 external-priority patent/DE10360379A1/de
Priority claimed from DE2003160364 external-priority patent/DE10360364A1/de
Priority claimed from DE2003161223 external-priority patent/DE10361223A1/de
Priority claimed from DE2003161203 external-priority patent/DE10361203A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1702139A1 publication Critical patent/EP1702139A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
    • F01K25/065—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids with an absorption fluid remaining at least partly in the liquid state, e.g. water for ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy by expanding a vaporous working medium through a expansion device connected to an evaporator.
  • a working medium e.g. Water vapor isobarically heated to the boiling point at a high pressure, evaporated and then overheated in a superheater.
  • the steam is then adiabatically expanded in a turbine, performing work, and liquefied in a condenser, giving off heat.
  • the liquid is brought to a pressure by a feed water pump and fed back into the boiler.
  • Another feature of the known relaxation processes for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy is that the condensation waste heat which arises during the condensation of the working medium, due to the process, disadvantageously arises as heat loss for the relaxation process itself, as a result of which the efficiency is negatively influenced.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and a device for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy which avoid the disadvantages mentioned, in particular have an improved efficiency, in particular at low temperature and pressure levels.
  • the expansion takes place in a low-pressure expansion device and the energy contained in the expanded vaporous working medium can be returned to the evaporator, which additional energy for evaporation Working equipment is usable.
  • the method preferably has a first component of the working medium, which is formed by a mixture, is absorbed in and / or after the low-pressure expansion device by means of an absorbent, heat being transferred to the remaining, vaporous second component, which is traceable.
  • the mixture is an azeotrope with a boiling point minimum at a specific mixing ratio of the components.
  • the evaporation temperatures can be reduced, depending on the type, so that they are below the condensation temperatures of the individual components. If the first component is absorbed adiabatically from the vapor mixture, the corresponding heat is transferred to the second component remaining in vapor form. The heat of condensation can thus be withdrawn at an elevated temperature level.
  • the second vaporous component can be condensed in the evaporator of the working medium itself, giving off the heat of condensation, so that the corresponding proportion of the thermal energy can be returned to the process.
  • the first component to be absorbed is water, an alkaline silicate solution, for example, can be used as the absorbent.
  • the working medium for example an azeotropic mixture of water and perchlorethylene
  • the absorption in which, according to the invention, the heat of absorption obtained is transferred to the second component remaining in vapor form, as a result of which this component heats up to a temperature level above the boiling point of the azeotropic mixture, can take place in and / or after the expansion device.
  • One of the main advantages here is that mechanical energy can be "gained” in the generator by relaxing the azeotropic mixture and at the same time the relaxed working fluid that has already done “work” in the relaxation process by separating (absorbing) the first of the second component heats up due to the released heat of absorption.
  • the remaining working fluid can be returned after the expansion, for example to give off its heat in a heat exchanger.
  • the remaining working medium only second component
  • the efficiency of the method for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy can be significantly improved.
  • the working medium is preferably formed by an azeotropic mixture with a boiling point minimum or an almost azeotropic mixture.
  • the invention is described with an azeotropic mixture.
  • the invention can also be applied to almost azeotropic mixtures or to non-azeotropic mixtures. High efficiencies can be achieved particularly with an azeotropic or an almost azeotropic mixture.
  • the evaporation temperatures can be lowered so that they are below the evaporation temperatures of the individual components.
  • the working medium has a low volume-specific or low molar evaporation enthalpy. This ensures that a large amount of motive steam is generated with a predetermined amount of thermal energy.
  • the working medium is preferably a solvent mixture which has organic and / or inorganic solvent components.
  • examples of this are mixtures of Water and selected silicones.
  • At least one component can advantageously be a protic solvent.
  • the absorbent is a reversible immobilizable solvent, which is the first component of the working medium in the non-immobilized state of aggregation.
  • the reversible solvent in the boiling working medium can advantageously change through physico-chemical changes in such a way that it can be changed from the non-immobilized state to the reversibly immobilized state by ionization or complex formation from the vapor phase and in the non-immobilized form as Abso agent for the work equipment works.
  • the vaporous working medium thus already contains the absorbent (in the non-immobilized state) before the expansion.
  • the reversibly immobilized solvent is in a vaporous state and changes to the liquid state due to physical and chemical changes - such as pH shift, change in mole fraction and temperature in its volatility and / or vapor pressure (comparable to steam as Solvents in non-immobilized form and water as a reversibly immobilizable solvent).
  • the advantage here is that the working fluid consists of two components, with one component simultaneously acting as an absorbent for the other component in the reversibly immobilized state.
  • cyclic nitrogen compounds - such as P ridine - can be used as pH-dependent, reversibly immobilizable solvents.
  • the absorption of the first component can already take place, for example, in the low-pressure relaxation device.
  • an absorption device for example as a scrubber
  • the ionization of the reversibly immobizable solvent can take place in the absorption device by means of electrolysis or by adding electrolytes, as a result of which the solvent in its immobilized form as an absorbent from the work equipment.
  • the vapors of the working medium flowing through the absorption medium are also ionized, so that the vapor pressure is reduced so that the steam of the reversible immobilizable component is deposited in the working medium.
  • the azeotropic working medium is thus passed through the absorption medium which receives (absorbs) the first component, the absorption energy released being transferred to the vaporous remaining second component.
  • the absorbent can then be fed back into the evaporator, where it is converted into a non-ionic state, for example by deionization, and is evaporated again with the condensed phase of the remaining second component as an azeotropic mixture.
  • the molar ratio of the working fluid is expediently chosen such that the pressure in the expansion decreases by reducing the number of molecules remaining in the gas phase than the pressure increases by the heating of the remaining gas, so that the build-up of an otherwise resulting back pressure after the expansion device is avoided becomes
  • the relaxed vaporous working medium is transformed with the aid of a heat pump to a temperature level above the boiling point of the working medium.
  • This energy return can be implemented using a one-component working fluid.
  • the heat pump is operated with a liquid-superimposed compressor system, for example a liquid ring pump or a screw compressor, and an operating liquid is used to operate the heat pump, the molar enthalpy of vaporization of which is several times, preferably more than four times, particularly preferably more than five times the evaporation enthalpy of the working fluid for the relaxation is.
  • an excess of the energy return is achieved over the drive energy of the heat pump.
  • a device can be used as the low-pressure expansion device, in which neither the mass of the steam nor the pressure ratio, but only the pressure difference is relevant.
  • the low-pressure expansion device is designed as a Roots blower - as a Roots blower - or in the form of oval gear pumps. It is advantageous that the roots blower can work as a relaxation device (relaxation motors) with a pressure difference of 500 mbar with full efficiency and can be used in a closed system at pressures of 10 to 0.5 bar.
  • the Roots blower can be designed with at least one injection opening through which the absorbent and / or a protic solvent can be introduced into the Roots blower. A pressure-controlled injection is advantageously carried out to prevent liquid damage. Another advantage is that in the relaxation devices mentioned, only the pressure difference and not the mass or the relaxation ratio is decisive for the efficiency.
  • the Roots blower expediently has a gas-tight seal between the scoop space and the gear space, in a further embodiment the Roots blower comprising multi-bladed rotors.
  • the Roots blower also has a shaft that can be connected to the generator, whereby the mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy.
  • the use of a Roots engine as a low-pressure expansion device opens up the possibility - in particular when using waste heat with a temperature of less than about 100 ° C for driving pumps or generators - to process the process by injecting absorption agents support, and on the other hand to raise the condensation energy of the working fluid, for example with a heat pump, to an elevated temperature level again due to the small pressure and temperature differences.
  • a separating arrangement can be provided which separates the absorbed first component from the absorbent.
  • the separating arrangement can be designed, for example, as a membrane system which is connected downstream of the absorption device.
  • the desorbed liquid, first component is expediently fed back into the evaporator, in which it evaporates together with the second liquid component as an azeotropic working medium.
  • the absorbent can, for example, be guided to the relaxation device, in which it is injected into the relaxing working fluid.
  • the absorption medium can be returned to the scrubber by absorption of the first component from the working medium. Oils from which the first component of the working fluid can be completely expelled, for example by a membrane system, can be used as the absorption medium.
  • the separation of the first absorbed component in the absorption medium can alternatively be carried out by an evaporation process of the absorbed component.
  • the second component remaining after the absorption device, which according to the invention has absorbed heat due to the absorption of the first component despite relaxation is passed into a heat exchanger and condensed.
  • the heat exchanger is preferably an evaporator, in which the first and second components are evaporated as working medium.
  • the working medium is preferably an azeotropic mixture of water and silicone.
  • the water is the first, absorbent component and silicone is the second component.
  • the absorption agent is expediently a silicate.
  • the absorbent is advantageously an alkaline, molecularly disperse silicate solution, the water absorbed in the alkaline silicate solution being desorbed, for example by heating.
  • the invention relates to a system with an evaporator, in which a working medium, which is formed by a mixture, preferably an azeotropic mixture, is evaporable, with a low-pressure expansion device, with an absorption device, which is in the low-pressure expansion device is integrated and / or is connected downstream of the low-pressure relaxation device, wherein a first component of the working medium can be absorbed by an absorption medium in the absorption device and heat can be transferred to the remaining, vaporous second component, which is traceable.
  • Fig. 1 shows a plant for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy
  • FIG. 1 shows a system in which a working fluid evaporates in an evaporator 6.
  • the working medium is relaxed in a low-pressure relaxation device 2, mechanical energy being generated or work being carried out.
  • the expansion device 2 which is designed as a Roots blower 2 in the exemplary embodiments, is connected to a generator 1 and drives it, so that electrical energy is generated.
  • the working fluid is an azeotropic mixture with a first and a second component.
  • the working medium is a solvent mixture, the first component of the solvent mixture being reversibly immobilizable. This component is contained in the non-immobilized form in vapor form in the working fluid. This means that this system is operated with a work equipment that has only two components, the first component being the immobilized form as the absorbent.
  • the working fluid is, for example, a mixture of pyridine and water.
  • the boiling point of pryidine is 115 ° C, of water at 100 ° C.
  • the azeotropic mixture (pyridine 57%, water 43%) boils at 92.6 ° C.
  • Pyridine is not immobilized in a basic environment and can be in this state be evaporated, but immobilized in an acidic environment, ie it shows no vapor pressure and can be used as an absorbent.
  • the roots blower 2 is designed with injection openings so that the absorbent is introduced into the vaporous working medium in liquid, reversibly immobilized form during the operation of the system.
  • part of the first component is absorbed by the absorption agent during the expansion process within the Roots blower 2.
  • a further absorption of the relaxed working medium takes place in the downstream absorption device 3, which is designed as a separator.
  • the working medium is an azeotropically evaporating mixture in which, depending on the type, the evaporation temperatures can be lowered so that they are below the condensation temperatures of the individual components. If the first component is absorbed adiabatically from the vaporous working medium, the heat corresponding to the decrease in entropy is transferred to the remaining second component. Thus, the remaining, relaxed working medium heats up despite the relaxation, so that a certain part of the heat of the working medium remaining in vapor form can be transferred into the evaporator 6, whereby the efficiency of the system can be significantly improved.
  • the Abso ⁇ tionsvorraum 3 also has a liquid separator that separates the remaining vapor of the working fluid from the liquid absorbed component.
  • the condensed working fluid having the second component is conveyed back into the evaporation space of the evaporator 6 by means of a pump 9.
  • the liquid first component in a reversibly immobilizable form
  • the liquid first component also simultaneously reaches the evaporation space of the evaporator 6, whereby it is brought back into the non-ionic, non-immobilized state by an electrochemical treatment 11 and thus with the condensed first Component evaporated again.
  • Figure 2 shows a further alternative of the system according to the invention with an evaporator 6, in which a working fluid is evaporated.
  • a water / silicone mixture in an azeotropic mixture (5% water, 95% silicone) is used as the working medium.
  • the boiling point of water is 100 ° C
  • the boiling point of the silicone is 110 ° C.
  • the boiling point of the azeotropic mixture is less than 80 ° C.
  • An alkaline silicate solution is used as the absorbent for the water.
  • the azeotropic working medium is fed into the Roots blower 2 and expanded, energy being obtained on the shaft of the Roots blower 2, which is used in connection with a generator 1 to generate electricity.
  • the Roots blower 2 can have injection openings through which an absorption agent is injected.
  • the relaxation is followed by an absorption device 3, which is designed as a scrubber 3, in which the vaporous working medium is separated from the absorption medium.
  • the first component is absorbed by the absorbent.
  • the absorption process heats up the remaining second component, which condenses in a heat exchanger 7 within the evaporator 6.
  • a pump 9 conveys the liquid second component back into the evaporator 6. The heat released by the condensation in the heat exchanger 7 can thus be used in the evaporator 6 to evaporate the working fluid from the first and the second component.
  • the absorbed first component with the absorbent is passed via a pump 10 into a separating arrangement 5, which separates the absorbent from the first component by thermal desorption.
  • the absorption agent is injected again into the scrubber 3 after the separation arrangement 5, the liquid first component being passed into the evaporation chamber 6. Since the azeotropic mixture boils at a lower temperature than its individual components, the heat transferred to the evaporator 6 due to the condensation in the heat exchanger 7 can make a considerable contribution to evaporating the working fluid and thus the efficiency of the Improve overall system.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP04804984A 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Dispositif et procede de transformation d'energie thermique en energie mecanique Withdrawn EP1702139A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2003160380 DE10360380A1 (de) 2003-12-22 2003-12-22 Extraktions-Wärmepumpe mit reversibel immobilisierbarem Lösemittel
DE2003160379 DE10360379A1 (de) 2003-12-22 2003-12-22 Niederdruck-Entspannungsmotor auf der Basis von Rootsgebläsen
DE2003160364 DE10360364A1 (de) 2003-12-22 2003-12-22 Offene Wärmepumpe unter Verwendung von flüssigkeitsüberlagerten Verdichtersystemen
DE2003161223 DE10361223A1 (de) 2003-12-24 2003-12-24 Niederdruck-Entspannungsmotor mit Treibdampftrennung mittels extraktiver Rektifikation
DE2003161203 DE10361203A1 (de) 2003-12-24 2003-12-24 Niederdruck-Entspannungsmotor mit Energierückführung
PCT/EP2004/053650 WO2005061857A1 (fr) 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Dispositif et procede de transformation d'energie thermique en energie mecanique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1702139A1 true EP1702139A1 (fr) 2006-09-20

Family

ID=34714591

Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04816348A Active EP1702140B1 (fr) 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Procede de conversion d'energie thermique en energie mecanique par un dispositif de detente basse tension
EP04804985A Withdrawn EP1706681A1 (fr) 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Procede et installation d'augmentation de temperature d'un fluide de travail a l'etat de vapeur
EP04804984A Withdrawn EP1702139A1 (fr) 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Dispositif et procede de transformation d'energie thermique en energie mecanique
EP04804983.7A Active EP1706598B1 (fr) 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Procede pour transformer l'energie thermique generee par des machines frigorifiques
EP04804988.6A Active EP1706599B1 (fr) 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Procédé et installation de conversion d'une énergie thermique résultante en énergie mécanique

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04816348A Active EP1702140B1 (fr) 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Procede de conversion d'energie thermique en energie mecanique par un dispositif de detente basse tension
EP04804985A Withdrawn EP1706681A1 (fr) 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Procede et installation d'augmentation de temperature d'un fluide de travail a l'etat de vapeur

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04804983.7A Active EP1706598B1 (fr) 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Procede pour transformer l'energie thermique generee par des machines frigorifiques
EP04804988.6A Active EP1706599B1 (fr) 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Procédé et installation de conversion d'une énergie thermique résultante en énergie mécanique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US7726128B2 (fr)
EP (5) EP1702140B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE371101T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502004004776C5 (fr)
ES (2) ES2293384T3 (fr)
WO (5) WO2005066465A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
ES2624638T3 (es) 2017-07-17
US7726128B2 (en) 2010-06-01
EP1706599A1 (fr) 2006-10-04
WO2005061973A1 (fr) 2005-07-07
EP1706598B1 (fr) 2013-10-16
DE502004004776D1 (de) 2007-10-04
WO2005061857A1 (fr) 2005-07-07
DE502004004776C5 (de) 2020-01-16
WO2005066466A1 (fr) 2005-07-21
EP1702140A1 (fr) 2006-09-20
US20080134680A1 (en) 2008-06-12
ES2293384T3 (es) 2008-03-16
ATE371101T1 (de) 2007-09-15
WO2005061858A1 (fr) 2005-07-07
US20080289336A1 (en) 2008-11-27
WO2005066465A1 (fr) 2005-07-21
EP1702140B1 (fr) 2007-08-22
EP1706598A1 (fr) 2006-10-04
US8132413B2 (en) 2012-03-13
EP1706599B1 (fr) 2017-02-15
EP1706681A1 (fr) 2006-10-04

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