EP1684400B1 - Rotierende elektrische Maschine - Google Patents

Rotierende elektrische Maschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1684400B1
EP1684400B1 EP05026103A EP05026103A EP1684400B1 EP 1684400 B1 EP1684400 B1 EP 1684400B1 EP 05026103 A EP05026103 A EP 05026103A EP 05026103 A EP05026103 A EP 05026103A EP 1684400 B1 EP1684400 B1 EP 1684400B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
pieces
skews
axial length
axial
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Expired - Fee Related
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EP05026103A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1684400A1 (de
Inventor
Kanako Hitachi Ltd. Intel. Prop. Group Nemoto
Yasushi Hitachi Ltd. Intel. Prop. Group Takano
Kazuhiko Hitachi Ltd Intel. Prop. Group Takahashi
Kazuo Hitachi Ltd. Intel. Prop. Group Shima
Kazuo Hitachi Ltd. Intel. Prop. Group Nishihama
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotating electric machine such as an induction motor or a generator, which can restrain electromagnetic vibration and noise caused by a radial exciting force induced therein.
  • rotating electric machines have been used in electric appliances, various OA equipments and the like, and these years, have been becoming more and more installed in electric vehicles.
  • rotating electric machines installed in electric vehicles have to have a high output power, and accordingly, cause problems of vibration and noise excited by an electromagnetic exciting force induced by such a high output power.
  • An order of revolution, an order of space and an amplitude of the radial magnetic exciting force depend upon a number of poles in an effective magnetic pole opening angle of the rotor, a number of slots formed in the rotor and a number of slots formed in the stator. Meanwhile, it is extremely desirable to reduce vibration and noise in view of pursuit inquiry of comfortability and satisfactory atmosphere in the passenger compartment of an electric vehicle.
  • JP-A-2003-333811 disclose an inner rotor type induction motor in which a plurality of ring-like coils are respectively wound on a plurality of segments obtained by axially dividing a stator, the center of each of the ring-like coils and the center of the rotor shaft are set to be coincident with each other while the stator cores constituting respective magnetic circuits are arranged on the outer peripheral sides and axially opposite ends of the coils, and magnetic pole teeth are alternately formed in the inner peripheral side of the stator cores, the coils being interposed between the magnetic pole teeth, at positions which are shifted from one another by an electric angle of ⁇ in the circumferential direction of the rotary shaft while the magnetic pole teeth of the coils are superposed with one another in the axial direction, being shifted from one other by a predetermined angle in the circumferential direction of the rotary shaft.
  • JP-A-07-298578 discloses such a configuration that a stator is composed of axially divided stator segments each of which is axially shifted by a shift angle ⁇ from another stator segment.
  • JP-A-07-163108 discloses an induction motor in which secondary conductors are cast in closed slots formed in a rotor so as to form squirrel cage windings, and in which a first core part having slots with a wide closed slot structure is formed in the axial center part of a core of the rotor while a second and a third core part having slots with a narrow closed slot structure are provided on opposite sides of the first core part, and the slot having the wide closed slot structure of the first core part is communicated with slots having the narrow closed slot structure in the second and third core parts, which are overlapped with each other, in order to short-circuit the secondary conductors in the axially center part of the rotor core.
  • Japanese Patent No. 2,854,664 discloses a squirrel cage rotor in which steel plates formed therein punched-out parts defining slots for accommodating conductors are stacked one upon another while the punched-out parts are asymmetrically formed so that their outer peripheral bridge parts or openings being shifted from the center lines of main parts for accommodating the conductors by a distance d which satisfies the following formula: ⁇ D 4 ⁇ z + p ⁇ d ⁇ ⁇ D 4 ⁇ z - p where D is a rotor diameter, z is a number of slots, and p is a pole logarithm, and the stacked core is composed of a plurality of unit blocks each composed of steel plates which are stacked one upon another in combination so that the directions of slots are coincident with one another, but the directions of slots are different from one another among unit blocks while their main parts are overlapped with each other, at least one of the stacked cores is skewed by a predetermined degree.
  • the document S, JP-A-08-298735 discloses a rotor incorporating a cylindrical permanent magnet which is axially divided into permanent magnet segments adjacent those of which have skews whose directions are reversed from each other, each cylindrical permanent magnet segment being provided with one slot pitch skew, so as to have a W-like skew.
  • the rotor has a cylindrical permanent magnet axially divided into permanent magnet segments which are provided with one pitch skew in one and the same direction and adjacent those of which have skew lines are shifted from one another by one slot pitch so as to have a lightning bolt type skew.
  • JP-A-2004-357405 discloses a rotor which is axially divided into a plurality of rotor pieces at every pole of an effective magnetic pole opening angle, adjacent those of the rotor segments having skews which are shifted from one another by on a half slot.
  • vibration and noise caused by torque pulsation are effectively reduced, vibration and noise caused by the radial electromagnetic exciting force are not effectively reduced.
  • JP 2004-357405 discloses an electric motor having a stator with two or more slots and a rotor consisting of four pieces arranged in axial direction. Each of them has plural poles in parallel to the rotation axes. The poles are discontinuous from one rotor part to the adjacent one.
  • US 2004/0245880A1 discloses a rotor skew method for permanent magnet motors.
  • the rotor has at least three segments adjacent to each other and lined along the axes of the rotor. Each segment has at least one pair of permanent magnets disposed at a substantially equal interval in a peripheral direction of the rotor.
  • First and second segments are skewed relative to each other by a first angular displacement. For skewed segments may be provided with at least two segments having unequal axial lengths.
  • EP 1501172A2 discloses a brushless permanent magnet machine with axial modules of rotor magnetisation skew and a method for producing the same.
  • One embodiment includes six axial sections and a zig-zag-pattern of continuously adjacent poles across the six sections.
  • US 2002/0140308A1 discloses a brushless DC motor and a method of manufacturing it.
  • the rotor has plural magnets and is devited into three rotor blocks in access direction.
  • the rotor is divided into four or six pieces (the word "divided” does include such meaning that a predetermined number of pieces which are apparently obtained are divided).
  • Each rotor piece has the effective magnetic pole opening angle contained therein and having an axial length and a circumferential relative position which are determined so as to induce a force orthogonal to a deformation mode of in the axial direction of the stator.
  • the effective magnetic pole opening angle is an angle at which actual magnetic flux of a permanent magnetic or the like is present with respect to the rotary shaft.
  • 2L is the axial length of the rotor or stator core
  • the axial lengths of the four rotor or stator pieces which are ideally obtained by the above-mentioned three formulae, are basically 0.29L, 0.71L, 0.71L and 0.29L.
  • the effective magnetic pole opening angles of the respective rotor or stator pieces are set so as to define skews which are continuous between the axial lengths of the rotor pieces so that the phase difference of the electric angles is ⁇ between the axial sections of the rotor pieces having 0.29L and 0.71L while the phase difference of the electric angles is - ⁇ between the axial sections of the rotor or stator pieces having 0.71L and 0.29L, the skews being continuous between the rotor pieces having 0.29L and 0.71L, and 0.71L and 0.29L, but not continuous between adjacent surfaces of the rotor or stator pieces having 0.71L and 0.71L.
  • the axial lengths of the six rotor or stator pieces which can be ideally obtained by the above-mentioned three relations, are 0.25L, 0.5L, 0.25L, 0.25L, 0.5L and 0.25L, and corresponding lengths are set by using these criterion lengths.
  • the effective magnetic pole opening angles of the respective rotor or stator pieces define skews which are continuous between the axial lengths of the rotor or stator pieces so that the phase difference of the electric angles between the axial sections of the rotor or stator pieces is n in one of halves which are bisected into at the center but - ⁇ in the other one of the halves in the circumferential direction.
  • phase differences of the electric angles with respect to the interesting revolution orders are ⁇ instead of ⁇ and - ⁇ instead of - ⁇ .
  • a rotating electric machine which reduces, of vibration and noise caused by drive operation of the rotating electric machine, vibration and noise of a motor excited by a radial electromagnetic exciting force.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a rotating electric machine incorporating the embodiment of claim 1
  • Fig. 2 is a view which shows orthogonal conditions of exciting forces.
  • Table. 1 exhibits F, M1 and M2 with respect to orthogonal conditions of the skew patterns.
  • a core of a rotor 1 is composed of a stack of steel plates, which is axially divided into a plurality of blocks or rotor pieces.
  • the rotor 1 is divided into four rotor segments 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • Secondary conductors 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d are formed in the grooves by die-casting or the like, having effective magnetic pole opening angles.
  • the effective magnetic pole opening angles are defined by the secondary conductors 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, they may also be materialized by permanent magnets.
  • a skew pattern of an electric exciting force which is materialized by optimizing a configuration shown in Fig. 1 will be referred to as ⁇ -like skews.
  • the pattern is in combination of an axial length and an electric angle phase difference with which a radial electromagnetic exciting force induced by an electric characteristic is orthogonal to an axial mode of the stator core 7.
  • an inherent mode of the stator core 7 of the rotating electric machine 100 which causes vibration and noise is a 0-, 1- or 2-order bending mode of a beam
  • consideration will be made of a pattern of electromagnetic exciting force, which can restrain the generation of this mode.
  • a structure only has a stator core 7, an axial core length is 2L equal to a core length of the stator 1, boundary conditions of the stator core 7 are such that both ends are free or completely constrained, the stator core 7 is a beam element, axial length of the rotator pieces 3, 4, 5, 6 are equal to those of the secondary conductors 2 included in the rotor pieces 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • the axial length excludes lengths of the end rings.
  • an exciting force f(x) becomes complex.
  • Axial lengths and skew angles of rotor pieces are determined in such a case that the formulae (5), (6) and (7) are satisfied and the rotor are divided into a practical number or pieces which are four, as follows:
  • stator core 7 is a one-dimensional beam in the x-axial direction, and a force exerted to the stational core 7 is a one-dimensional exciting force in the y-axial direction.
  • the axial length of the stator core 7 is 2L.
  • Fig. 4b shows an exciting force obtained by Formulae (8) and (9).
  • Re(M1) of the moment M1 is exhibited by the following formula 11:
  • Im(M1) is exhibited by the following formula (12):
  • stator core 7 is considered as a cylindrical surface, and the exciting force as a three-dimensional exciting force of a n-order ring around the x-axis as a center.
  • the rotor 1 is divided into rotor pieces 3, 4, 5, 6 having axial lengths exhibited by the following formulae (13): 1 - 1 2 ⁇ L , 1 2 ⁇ L , 1 2 ⁇ L , 1 - 1 2 ⁇ L That is, 0.29L, 0.71L, 0.71L, 0.29L, and skews are continuously set so that the phase difference of respective electric angles is ⁇ between the axial sections of the rotor pieces 3, 4, but is - ⁇ between the axial sections of the rotor pieces 5, 6 while the phase difference of the electric angles is continuous between the adjacent surfaces of the rotor pieces 3 and 4, and 5 and, 6 but is ⁇ between adjacent surfaces of the rotor pieces 4 and 5.
  • the absolute values of skew angles of the rotor pieces 3, 6 at opposite ends are larger than those of the rotor pieces 4, 5 at the center.
  • a moment induced between a 1-order beam bending mode of the stator core 7 and the exciting force may be effectively cancelled out, thereby it is possible to obtain such an advantages as to reduce vibration and noise even in the configuration in which a skew change-over point is deviated.
  • n times (n is an integer) of the configuration shown in Fig. 1 also can satisfy the orthogonal conditions shown in Fig. 2 .
  • Figs. Sa-to 6b shows electric angles ⁇ and exciting forces caused by the one slot skew and the V-like skews.
  • Fig. 7 which shows a calculation model of a rotating electric machine used for calculating surface speeds
  • mean surface speeds are obtained by using the calculation model of the rotating electric machine.
  • the calculation model of the rotating electric machine 100 has an outer surface composed of a frame 20 and brackets 21.
  • the stator core 7 is shrinkage-fitted in the inner periphery of the frame 20.
  • the rotor 1 is provided in the rotating electric machine through the intermediary of bearings fitted in the brackets 21.
  • Fig. 8 shows frequency response obtained when a radial exciting force having a constant amplitude is inputted in the axial direction of the annular 0-order by no,skew, one slot skew, V-like skews and ⁇ -like skews.
  • Fig. 9 shows frequency response of mean surface speeds when a radial exciting force having a constant amplitude is inputted in the axial direction of the annular 1-order by ⁇ -like skews, W-like skews and lightning bolt skews.
  • Fig. 10 shows maximum amplitudes of mean surface speeds when the various skews are inputted.
  • the means surface speed of the ⁇ -like skews at the peak frequency is lower than larger than those of the other skews by a value from 3.7 to 8 dB, that is, an effect of vibration reduction is exhibited.
  • Fig. 11 shows maximum amplitudes of mean surface speeds of the piece having 0.71L which are obtained by changing the change-over position P1 from - 8 to +16% of the axial length of the rotor core.
  • the mean surface speed has a minimum value at +4%.
  • the maximum amplitude thereof has a value which is lower than the maximum amplitude of 94.2 dB of the mean surface speed the W-like skews or the lightning bolt skews in a range from -4 to +16%. With this tolerance in this range, there may be exhibited an effect of vibration reduction.
  • Fig. 12 shows maximum amplitudes of mean surface speeds of the pieces having 0.29L when the change-over position P1 is changed from -8 to +16% of the axial length of the rotor core. In this tolerance range, the maximum amplitude of the mean surface speed is not changed substantially, there may be exhibited an effect of vibration reduction even though the center skew change-over point is deviated.
  • the configuration of the present embodiment also exhibits an effect of reduction of a thrust force.
  • the core of the rotor 1 is composed of a stack of the steel plates, which is divided in the direction of the axial length into a plurality of blocks or rotor pieces.
  • the rotor 1 shown in Fig. 13 is composed of rotor pieces 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36.
  • a plurality of slots having axial lengths which are equal to those of the rotor pieces 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 which are fitted to a shaft 10 are formed at equal pitches in the circumferential direction so as to obtain oblique skews, and secondary conductors 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f defining an effective magnetic opening angles are formed in the slots by aluminum die-casting.
  • stator 7 There is also shown the stator 7.
  • the secondary conductors 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f defining an effective magnetic opening angles are formed so as to be continuous between the conductors 2a, 2b, 2c and between the conductors 2d, 2e, 2f, but are formed being shifted by, for example, 1/2 pitch in the circumferential direction so that the electric angles are shifted by n between the rotor pieces 2c, 2d.
  • the secondary conductors 2 may have their rounded connections between the pieces 2a, 2b, 2c and between the pieces 2c, 2d, 2f so as to allow aluminum die-casting to flow smoothly.
  • the secondary conductors 2 define effective magnetic pole opening angles, the effective magnetic pole opening angles may be also obtained by permanent magnets.
  • a skew patterns of electromagnetic exciting force which is materialized by optimizing the configuration shown in Fig. 13 will be hereinbelow referred to as six-division optimum skews.
  • the axial lengths of the rotor pieces 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 and electric angles which are determined depending upon circumferential positions of the effective magnetic pole opening angles will be determined similar to the embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 14(b) shows an exciting force obtained by the formulae (14) and (15).
  • Re(M1) of the moment M1 is exhibited by the following formula (17):
  • stator core 7 is considered as a cylindrical surface and the exciting force as an annular n-order three-dimensional exciting force around the x-axis as a center.
  • the rotor 1 is divided into the rotor pieces 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 respectively having axial lengths of 0.25L, 0.50L, 0.25L, 0.25L, 0.50L and 0.25L, and the skews are continuously defined so that the phase difference of the electric angles thereof is ⁇ between the axial sections of the rotor pieces 31, 32, 33 but - ⁇ between the axial sections of the rotor pieces 34, 35, 36, and the phase differences of the electric angles are continuous between adjacent surfaces of the rotor pieces 31,and 32, and 33 and 34, and 35 but are ⁇ between adjacent surfaces of the rotor pieces 33, 34.
  • n times (where n is an integer) of the configuration shown in Fig. 13 can also satisfy the orthogonal conditions shown in Fig. 12 .
  • a frequency response of mean surface speeds which is obtained when a radial exciting force having a constant amplitude is inputted in the axial direction of an annular 0-order by no skew, one slot skew, V-like skews and 6-division optimum skews is shown in Fig. 15 .
  • Fig. 16 shows a frequency response of mean surface speeds when a radial exciting force having an annular constant amplitude is inputted in the axial direction of a 0-order by 6-division optimum skew, w-like skews and lightning bolt skews.
  • Fig. 17 shows maximum amplitudes of means surface speeds when the various skews are inputted.
  • the mean surface speed at a peak frequency obtained by the six-division optimum skews is lower than those by the other skews, by a value from 8.9 to 15.5 dB, that is, an effect of vibration reduction is exhibited.
  • Fig. 18 shows the mean surface speed which varies as the position P1 is changed at a peak frequency
  • Fig. 19 shows the means surface speed which varies as the position P2 is changed over
  • Fig. 20 shows the means surface speed which varies when the position P2 is changed over.
  • the variation in the means surface speed is only +/-7.3 dB even though the change-over position is changed by +/-4 %, and accordingly, it is possible to obtain an effect of vibration reduction in comparison with other skews.
  • the means surface speed is increased by 10 dB as the position P1 is changed over by -8%, resulting in lowering of the effect of vibration reduction.
  • the six-division optimum skews exhibit the effect of vibration reduction as far as it is based upon such a condition that the axial lengths and the electric angles are optimized.
  • a configuration shown in Fig. 21 which is a sectional view, is composed of a rotating electric machine 100 and an inverter 200, and a configuration shown in Fig. 22 which is a sectional view is of a compressor incorporated therein the rotating electric machine 100.
  • the skews have not to be straight but they may be curved if the exciting force pattern and the electromagnetic exciting force satisfy the orthogonal condition as shown in Fig. 2 .
  • Fig. 23 The configuration of the W-like skews is shown in Fig. 23 and the configuration of the lightning bolt skews is shown in Fig. 24 , as disclosed in the document 5.
  • Fig. 25 shows a list of several skew configurations.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Sich drehende elektrische Maschine mit einem Rotor (1) und einem Stator (7) mit mehreren Schlitzen, wobei der Rotor axial in vier Rotorstücke unterteilt ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die vier Rotorstücke jeweils Referenzlängen von 0,29 L, 0,71 L , 0,71 L und 0,29 L haben, wobei 2 L die axiale Länge des Rotorkerns ist, wobei die axiale Länge der Rotorstücke mit 0,29 L auf einen Wert gesetzt ist, der die Referenzlänge 0,29 L mit einer Toleranz von -4 % bis +16 % der axialen Länge 2 L des Rotorkerns ist, während eine Länge der Rotorstücke mit 0,71 L auf einen Wert gesetzt ist, der die Referenzlänge 0,71 L mit einer Toleranz von +4 % bis -16 % der axialen Länge 2 L des Rotorkerns ist,
    wobei zwei erste Rotorstücke (3, 4) zusammen einen Teil mit einer Länge L in axialer Richtung bilden, wirksame Magnetpolöffnungswinkel in den Rotorstücken haben, die Schrägstellungen definieren, die unter den zwei ersten Rotorstücken kontinuierlich sind, wobei Phasenunterschiede der elektrischen Winkel zwischen entgegengesetzten Enden der zwei Rotorstücke zueinander gleich sind, und wobei die Schrägstellungen zwischen den zwei ersten Rotorstücken kontinuierlich sind (P1 Fig. 1),
    und wobei zwei zweite Rotorstücke (5, 6) zusammen einen Teil der verbleibenden axialen Länge L in axialer Richtung bilden und symmetrisch bezüglich der Mitte der axialen Länge 2 L des Rotorkerns zu den zwei Rotorstücken sind, die den Teil mit der axialen Länge L bilden, wobei sie in Umfangsrichtung des Rotorkerns um eine Phasendifferenz dagegen verschoben sind, die der Phasendifferenz zwischen den elektrischen Winkeln an den entgegengesetzten Enden der Rotorstücke entspricht, so dass die Schrägstellungen in der Mitte der axialen Länge 2 L des Rotorkerns (P2 Fig. 1) nicht kontinuierlich sind.
  2. Sich drehende elektrische Maschine mit einem Rotor (1) und einem Stator (7) mit mehrere Schlitzen, wobei der Rotor axial in sechs Rotorstücke unterteilt ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die sechs Rotorstücke jeweils axiale Längen haben, die Referenzlängen von 0,25 L, 0,5 L, 0,25 L, 0,25 L, 0,5 L und 0,25 L sind, wobei 2 L die axiale Länge des Rotorkerns ist, mit einer Toleranz von +/- 4 % der axialen Länge 2 L des Rotorkerns,
    wobei drei erste Rotorstücke einen Teil einer axialen Länge L bilden und wirksame Magnetpolöffnungswinkel haben, die Schrägstellungen definieren, die unter den ersten Rotorstücken kontinuierlich sind, wobei Phasenunterschiede der elektrischen Winkel zwischen entgegengesetzten Enden der drei Rotorstücke zueinander gleich sind, wobei die Schrägstellungen zwischen den drei Rotorstücken kontinuierlich sind,
    und wobei drei zweite Rotorstücke einen Teil der verbleibenden axialen Länge L bilden, symmetrisch zu den ersten Rotorstücken bezüglich der Mitte der axialen Länge des Rotorkerns sind und in Umfangsrichtung des Rotors um eine Phasendifferenz verschoben sind, die gleich der Phasendifferenz zwischen den elektrischen Winkeln entgegengesetzter Enden eines Rotorstücks ist, so dass die Schrägstellungen in der Mitte der axialen Länge 2 L des Rotorkerns nicht kontinuierlich sind.
EP05026103A 2005-01-21 2005-11-30 Rotierende elektrische Maschine Expired - Fee Related EP1684400B1 (de)

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JP2005013480 2005-01-21

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EP1684400B1 true EP1684400B1 (de) 2008-05-14

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CN (1) CN100576700C (de)
DE (1) DE602005006721D1 (de)

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US20060163969A1 (en) 2006-07-27
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US7541710B2 (en) 2009-06-02
CN1808861A (zh) 2006-07-26

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