Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
  • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
  • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
  • B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy

Definitions

• FRANKA electrodynamic fractionation system
• the energy store i.e. the unit for generating an HV pulse, often or mostly the Marx generator known from high-voltage pulse technology, and the application-specific reaction / process vessel filled with a process liquid, into which the bare end area of a high-voltage electrode connected to the energy store is completely immersed. Opposite it is the electrode at reference potential, usually the bottom of the reaction vessel, which functions as a ground electrode, in a suitable embodiment. If the amplitude of the high-voltage pulse at the high-voltage electrode reaches a sufficiently high value, an electrical flashover takes place from the high-voltage to the earth electrode.
• the flashover occurs due to the material to be fragmented, which is positioned between the electrodes, and is therefore highly effective. Flashes only through the process liquid create shock waves in it, which are not very effective.
• the electrical circuit consists of the energy store C of the high-voltage electrode connected to it, the space between the high-voltage electrode and the bottom of the reaction vessel and the return line from the bottom of the vessel to the energy store.
• This circuit includes the capacitive, ohmic and inductive components C, R and L, which influence the shape of the high-voltage pulse (see FIG. 6), that is to say both the rate of increase and the further temporal course of the discharge current and thus the pulse power coupled into the load and, consequently, the efficiency of the discharge with regard to the material fragmentation.
• the ohmic resistance R of this temporarily existing circuit the amount of electrical energy Ri 2 is converted into heat during the time of the discharge current pulse. This amount of energy is therefore no longer available for the actual fractionation.
• This circuit represents a conductor loop through which very large currents, approximately 2 - 5 kA, flow through over a very short period of time.
• Such a structure generates intensive electromagnetic radiation, ie it represents a radio transmitter with high radiation power, and must be shielded with technical effort to avoid interference in the technical environment.
• such a system must be shielded by protective devices in such a way that it is not possible to touch the live components during operation. This quickly leads to an extensive protective structure beyond the actual useful structure.
• the invention is based on the object of constructing a FRANKA system in its circuit during the high-voltage pulse in such a way that both the inductance and the ohmic resistance of the discharge circuit are kept to a minimum and at the same time the technical outlay for shielding against electromagnetic radiation and for Ensuring touch security remains limited to a minimum of effort.
• the object is achieved by designing the fractionation system in accordance with the characterizing features of claim 1.
• the energy storage device and its output switch usually usually a spark gap operated or triggered in self-breakthrough
• the electrodes together with the supply line and the reaction vessel are completely in a volume with an electrically conductive wall, the encapsulation, while maintaining the electrical insulation distance from areas with different electrical potentials.
• the volume between the encapsulation and the assemblies built into it is kept to a minimum, thus reducing the inductance of the system to the inevitable minimum.
• the wall thickness is at least equal to the penetration depth of the lowest component of the Fourier spectrum of the pulsed electromagnetic field, and is therefore largely determined by it.
• the mechanical strength requires a minimum wall thickness. The necessary larger wall thickness from one or the other of the two conditions is taken into account during construction.
• the electrode is connected to the ground side of the energy store at the reference potential via the capsule wall.
• the rest of the electricity through the energy The energy storage and the components that are temporarily at high voltage potential are central to the encapsulation.
• This encapsulated structure allows an electrophysical and operationally advantageous structure, the features of which are further specified in subclaims 2 to 9.
• the capsule wall has a removable area for stacking (baking) operation or an access for continuous introduction (claim 3).
• the capsule should be opened in sections anyway for repair work.
• At least one outwardly directed tubular connector made of conductive material for the loading and at least one other for the removal are attached. Because of the electrical shielding to the outside, these are dimensioned in the long and clear width in such a way that at least the powerful high-frequency components in the spectrum of the electromagnetic field generated by the high-voltage pulse do not escape through these nozzles or in these nozzles up to the opening m the environment at least to that to be weakened by law.
• the energy store and the reaction vessel are spatially separated from one another in the encapsulation. According to claim 4 sits in one inner end wall region of the energy store and in the other end wall region the reaction vessel or is formed therefrom.
• the encapsulation is a closed tubular structure and has a polygonal or round cross section according to claim 5.
• the encapsulation can be both stretched or angled at least once.
• the shape is structurally determined by the installation project.
• the simplest form is the straight one. Consequently, the electrode located at reference potential is centered in the end wall of the reaction vessel and the high-voltage electrode is centered at a distance from one another (claim 6).
• the high voltage electrode is connected directly to the output switch of the energy store. In the case of a Marx generator as an energy store, this output switch is the output spark gap. In this way, the form of the encapsulation results in the electrically inexpensive and insulation technology-appropriate coaxial structure, with which the requirement of the encapsulation and thus the smallest inductance typical of the system is met.
• the electrical energy store including the output switch is located in relation to the reaction vessel in the encapsulation spatially above or at the same height or spatially below.
• the electrode is at reference potential, usually ground electrode, central part of the front or sieve bottom or ring or rod electrode.
• the energy store is separated from the reaction vessel by a protective wall, so that the reaction space is separated from the area of the energy store in a liquid-tight manner.
• the high-voltage pulse between the high-voltage electrode and the bottom of the reaction vessel, or the current from one electrode to the other, converts the electrical energy introduced into different energy components of a different type, including simply also in mechanical energy, ultimately mechanical waves / shock waves.
• the high-voltage electrode is encased in an electrically insulated manner in its jacket area up to the end area, with this end area protruding completely into the process fluid.
• the completely shielded structure of the energy storage or pulse generator and process reactor in a common electrical rically conductive housing has several advantages over the conventional, open way of construction:
• the inductance of the discharge circuit is or can be reduced to the inevitable minimum
• the depth of penetration into the inner wall is less than 1 mm.
• the wall thickness of the encapsulation on the one hand necessarily takes into account the lowest frequency of the Fourier spectrum from the electrical discharge due to the depth of penetration (skin effect) and the necessary mechanical strength due to the shape retention of the system. The higher minimum requirement of the wall thickness dominates for one of the two reasons. This means that no electrical voltages can occur on the outer surface of the encapsulation, which eliminates the need for contact protection, or its structure can be kept to a minimum. Electromagnetic radiation to the outside cannot occur either.
• the coaxial system is compact, manageable and accessible for measurement and control purposes.
• the electrical charger for the energy storage does not have to be shielded. Its feed line can be routed through the bushing to the energy store in the upper interior of the housing without problems, possibly through a coaxial cable whose outer conductor contacts the housing.
• FIG. 1 shows the coaxially constructed FRANKA system
• FIG. 2 sketch of the FRANKA system with partition
• FIG. 3 sketch of the FRANKA system for continuous operation
• FIG. 4 sketch of the FRANKA system with U-shaped encapsulation
• Figure 5 Sketch of the FRANKA system with reaction vessel at the top
• Figure 6 shows the conventional FRANKA system.
• the coaxially constructed FRANKA system is shown schematically in axial section.
• the continuous or discontinuous mode of operation is not respected here, here the electrical structure is in the foreground.
• the electrical charger for charging the electrical energy store 3 is also not indicated. From an electrical point of view, the coaxial structure is the most advantageous. A deviation from this would only be made due to design constraints.
• the high-voltage pulse generator consists of the electrical memory C, schematized as a capacitor, and the inductance L and the ohmic resistor R in series.
• the high-voltage electrode 5 follows. From its electrical connection to the resistor R, it is electrically isolated from the end region to the surroundings by a dielectric jacket. It bends with its bare end region 4 in the process / reaction volume indicated by a lightning symbol and has a predetermined, adjustable distance from the bottom of the process / reaction vessel 3, which forms the lower part of the coaxial, hollow cylindrical housing 6.
• the current flow during the high-voltage discharge takes place in the components along the axis of the hollow cylindrical housing 6, flows in at least one discharge channel in the process volume to the bottom of the reaction vessel 3 and then via the housing wall 6 back into the energy store / capacitor 1.
• the housing 6 is at the reference potential "Earth" connected.
• the inductance L and the resistance R represent the system inductance and the system resistance
• C indicates the electrical capacitance and thus the available storage energy via the charging voltage
• FIG. 6 shows a FRANKA system schematically in a conventional design, as it is and is simply constructed for many laboratory work. Coaxial variants of a FRANKA system are outlined in FIGS. 2 to 5:
• FIG. 2 shows how the energy store 1 is separated from the reactor area 3 by a partition in the area of the high-voltage electrode 5. This should be installed in particular if there is splashing liquid due to the discharge process.
• Figure 3 shows two openings in the encapsulation 6, one in the jacket area for filling in the reaction vessel 3, the second from the reaction vessel 3, for example through the bottom. This constructional measure enables continuous operation with loading and unloading.
• FIG. 4 shows the U-shaped encapsulation 3. This type of construction could be preferred in the case of large systems due to the weights and manageability.
• FIG. 5 outlines a design turned upside down, the reaction vessel 3 sits above the energy store 1.
• Such a design could offer itself in the case of gaseous or very light, whirled up process substances.
• FIG. 6 shows the structure of conventional FRANKA systems, which as a fully functioning system are additionally encapsulated by a wall for shielding and as protection against contact.
• the large electrical loop is not minimized.
• a pulse it acts as a strong transmitting antenna. For this reason, shielding is regulated by law in industrial use. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
• Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Steroid Compounds (AREA)
• Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
• Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
• Saccharide Compounds (AREA)

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• 2003
  • 2003-10-04 DE DE10346055A patent/DE10346055B8/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2004
  • 2004-08-17 AT AT04764185T patent/ATE493204T1/de active
  • 2004-08-17 WO PCT/EP2004/009193 patent/WO2005032722A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2004-08-17 JP JP2006529960A patent/JP4388959B2/ja active Active
  • 2004-08-17 US US10/574,644 patent/US7677486B2/en active Active
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  • 2004-08-17 RU RU2006115337/03A patent/RU2311961C1/ru active
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  • 2004-08-17 CN CN200480028954.8A patent/CN1863601B/zh active Active
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