EP1667798A1 - Assembly of an electrodynamic fractionating unit - Google Patents
Assembly of an electrodynamic fractionating unitInfo
- Publication number
- EP1667798A1 EP1667798A1 EP04764185A EP04764185A EP1667798A1 EP 1667798 A1 EP1667798 A1 EP 1667798A1 EP 04764185 A EP04764185 A EP 04764185A EP 04764185 A EP04764185 A EP 04764185A EP 1667798 A1 EP1667798 A1 EP 1667798A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- energy store
- electrode
- reaction vessel
- structure according
- encapsulation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
- B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy
Definitions
- FRANKA electrodynamic fractionation system
- the energy store i.e. the unit for generating an HV pulse, often or mostly the Marx generator known from high-voltage pulse technology, and the application-specific reaction / process vessel filled with a process liquid, into which the bare end area of a high-voltage electrode connected to the energy store is completely immersed. Opposite it is the electrode at reference potential, usually the bottom of the reaction vessel, which functions as a ground electrode, in a suitable embodiment. If the amplitude of the high-voltage pulse at the high-voltage electrode reaches a sufficiently high value, an electrical flashover takes place from the high-voltage to the earth electrode.
- the flashover occurs due to the material to be fragmented, which is positioned between the electrodes, and is therefore highly effective. Flashes only through the process liquid create shock waves in it, which are not very effective.
- the electrical circuit consists of the energy store C of the high-voltage electrode connected to it, the space between the high-voltage electrode and the bottom of the reaction vessel and the return line from the bottom of the vessel to the energy store.
- This circuit includes the capacitive, ohmic and inductive components C, R and L, which influence the shape of the high-voltage pulse (see FIG. 6), that is to say both the rate of increase and the further temporal course of the discharge current and thus the pulse power coupled into the load and, consequently, the efficiency of the discharge with regard to the material fragmentation.
- the ohmic resistance R of this temporarily existing circuit the amount of electrical energy Ri 2 is converted into heat during the time of the discharge current pulse. This amount of energy is therefore no longer available for the actual fractionation.
- This circuit represents a conductor loop through which very large currents, approximately 2 - 5 kA, flow through over a very short period of time.
- Such a structure generates intensive electromagnetic radiation, ie it represents a radio transmitter with high radiation power, and must be shielded with technical effort to avoid interference in the technical environment.
- such a system must be shielded by protective devices in such a way that it is not possible to touch the live components during operation. This quickly leads to an extensive protective structure beyond the actual useful structure.
- the invention is based on the object of constructing a FRANKA system in its circuit during the high-voltage pulse in such a way that both the inductance and the ohmic resistance of the discharge circuit are kept to a minimum and at the same time the technical outlay for shielding against electromagnetic radiation and for Ensuring touch security remains limited to a minimum of effort.
- the object is achieved by designing the fractionation system in accordance with the characterizing features of claim 1.
- the energy storage device and its output switch usually usually a spark gap operated or triggered in self-breakthrough
- the electrodes together with the supply line and the reaction vessel are completely in a volume with an electrically conductive wall, the encapsulation, while maintaining the electrical insulation distance from areas with different electrical potentials.
- the volume between the encapsulation and the assemblies built into it is kept to a minimum, thus reducing the inductance of the system to the inevitable minimum.
- the wall thickness is at least equal to the penetration depth of the lowest component of the Fourier spectrum of the pulsed electromagnetic field, and is therefore largely determined by it.
- the mechanical strength requires a minimum wall thickness. The necessary larger wall thickness from one or the other of the two conditions is taken into account during construction.
- the electrode is connected to the ground side of the energy store at the reference potential via the capsule wall.
- the rest of the electricity through the energy The energy storage and the components that are temporarily at high voltage potential are central to the encapsulation.
- This encapsulated structure allows an electrophysical and operationally advantageous structure, the features of which are further specified in subclaims 2 to 9.
- the capsule wall has a removable area for stacking (baking) operation or an access for continuous introduction (claim 3).
- the capsule should be opened in sections anyway for repair work.
- At least one outwardly directed tubular connector made of conductive material for the loading and at least one other for the removal are attached. Because of the electrical shielding to the outside, these are dimensioned in the long and clear width in such a way that at least the powerful high-frequency components in the spectrum of the electromagnetic field generated by the high-voltage pulse do not escape through these nozzles or in these nozzles up to the opening m the environment at least to that to be weakened by law.
- the energy store and the reaction vessel are spatially separated from one another in the encapsulation. According to claim 4 sits in one inner end wall region of the energy store and in the other end wall region the reaction vessel or is formed therefrom.
- the encapsulation is a closed tubular structure and has a polygonal or round cross section according to claim 5.
- the encapsulation can be both stretched or angled at least once.
- the shape is structurally determined by the installation project.
- the simplest form is the straight one. Consequently, the electrode located at reference potential is centered in the end wall of the reaction vessel and the high-voltage electrode is centered at a distance from one another (claim 6).
- the high voltage electrode is connected directly to the output switch of the energy store. In the case of a Marx generator as an energy store, this output switch is the output spark gap. In this way, the form of the encapsulation results in the electrically inexpensive and insulation technology-appropriate coaxial structure, with which the requirement of the encapsulation and thus the smallest inductance typical of the system is met.
- the electrical energy store including the output switch is located in relation to the reaction vessel in the encapsulation spatially above or at the same height or spatially below.
- the electrode is at reference potential, usually ground electrode, central part of the front or sieve bottom or ring or rod electrode.
- the energy store is separated from the reaction vessel by a protective wall, so that the reaction space is separated from the area of the energy store in a liquid-tight manner.
- the high-voltage pulse between the high-voltage electrode and the bottom of the reaction vessel, or the current from one electrode to the other, converts the electrical energy introduced into different energy components of a different type, including simply also in mechanical energy, ultimately mechanical waves / shock waves.
- the high-voltage electrode is encased in an electrically insulated manner in its jacket area up to the end area, with this end area protruding completely into the process fluid.
- the completely shielded structure of the energy storage or pulse generator and process reactor in a common electrical rically conductive housing has several advantages over the conventional, open way of construction:
- the inductance of the discharge circuit is or can be reduced to the inevitable minimum
- the depth of penetration into the inner wall is less than 1 mm.
- the wall thickness of the encapsulation on the one hand necessarily takes into account the lowest frequency of the Fourier spectrum from the electrical discharge due to the depth of penetration (skin effect) and the necessary mechanical strength due to the shape retention of the system. The higher minimum requirement of the wall thickness dominates for one of the two reasons. This means that no electrical voltages can occur on the outer surface of the encapsulation, which eliminates the need for contact protection, or its structure can be kept to a minimum. Electromagnetic radiation to the outside cannot occur either.
- the coaxial system is compact, manageable and accessible for measurement and control purposes.
- the electrical charger for the energy storage does not have to be shielded. Its feed line can be routed through the bushing to the energy store in the upper interior of the housing without problems, possibly through a coaxial cable whose outer conductor contacts the housing.
- FIG. 1 shows the coaxially constructed FRANKA system
- FIG. 2 sketch of the FRANKA system with partition
- FIG. 3 sketch of the FRANKA system for continuous operation
- FIG. 4 sketch of the FRANKA system with U-shaped encapsulation
- Figure 5 Sketch of the FRANKA system with reaction vessel at the top
- Figure 6 shows the conventional FRANKA system.
- the coaxially constructed FRANKA system is shown schematically in axial section.
- the continuous or discontinuous mode of operation is not respected here, here the electrical structure is in the foreground.
- the electrical charger for charging the electrical energy store 3 is also not indicated. From an electrical point of view, the coaxial structure is the most advantageous. A deviation from this would only be made due to design constraints.
- the high-voltage pulse generator consists of the electrical memory C, schematized as a capacitor, and the inductance L and the ohmic resistor R in series.
- the high-voltage electrode 5 follows. From its electrical connection to the resistor R, it is electrically isolated from the end region to the surroundings by a dielectric jacket. It bends with its bare end region 4 in the process / reaction volume indicated by a lightning symbol and has a predetermined, adjustable distance from the bottom of the process / reaction vessel 3, which forms the lower part of the coaxial, hollow cylindrical housing 6.
- the current flow during the high-voltage discharge takes place in the components along the axis of the hollow cylindrical housing 6, flows in at least one discharge channel in the process volume to the bottom of the reaction vessel 3 and then via the housing wall 6 back into the energy store / capacitor 1.
- the housing 6 is at the reference potential "Earth" connected.
- the inductance L and the resistance R represent the system inductance and the system resistance
- C indicates the electrical capacitance and thus the available storage energy via the charging voltage
- FIG. 6 shows a FRANKA system schematically in a conventional design, as it is and is simply constructed for many laboratory work. Coaxial variants of a FRANKA system are outlined in FIGS. 2 to 5:
- FIG. 2 shows how the energy store 1 is separated from the reactor area 3 by a partition in the area of the high-voltage electrode 5. This should be installed in particular if there is splashing liquid due to the discharge process.
- Figure 3 shows two openings in the encapsulation 6, one in the jacket area for filling in the reaction vessel 3, the second from the reaction vessel 3, for example through the bottom. This constructional measure enables continuous operation with loading and unloading.
- FIG. 4 shows the U-shaped encapsulation 3. This type of construction could be preferred in the case of large systems due to the weights and manageability.
- FIG. 5 outlines a design turned upside down, the reaction vessel 3 sits above the energy store 1.
- Such a design could offer itself in the case of gaseous or very light, whirled up process substances.
- FIG. 6 shows the structure of conventional FRANKA systems, which as a fully functioning system are additionally encapsulated by a wall for shielding and as protection against contact.
- the large electrical loop is not minimized.
- a pulse it acts as a strong transmitting antenna. For this reason, shielding is regulated by law in industrial use. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10346055A DE10346055B8 (en) | 2003-10-04 | 2003-10-04 | Construction of an electrodynamic fractionation plant |
PCT/EP2004/009193 WO2005032722A1 (en) | 2003-10-04 | 2004-08-17 | Assembly of an electrodynamic fractionating unit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1667798A1 true EP1667798A1 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
EP1667798B1 EP1667798B1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
Family
ID=33495266
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04764185A Active EP1667798B1 (en) | 2003-10-04 | 2004-08-17 | Assembly of an electrodynamic fractionating unit |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7677486B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1667798B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4388959B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1863601B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE493204T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2004277317B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2540939C (en) |
DE (2) | DE10346055B8 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1667798T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2358741T3 (en) |
NO (1) | NO330975B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2311961C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005032722A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200602737B (en) |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE453455T1 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2010-01-15 | Selfrag Ag | METHOD FOR GROUNDING A HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRODE |
DE102006037914B3 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-05-15 | Ammann Schweiz Ag | Reaction vessel of a high-voltage impulse-conditioning plant and method for shattering / blasting of brittle, high-strength ceramic / mineral materials / composites |
JP5343196B2 (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2013-11-13 | 国立大学法人 熊本大学 | Shock wave treatment equipment |
FR2942149B1 (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2012-07-06 | Camille Cie D Assistance Miniere Et Ind | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR VALORIZING MATERIALS AND / OR PRODUCTS BY PULSE POWER |
FR2949356B1 (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-11-11 | Camille Cie D Assistance Miniere Et Ind | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR VALORIZING MATERIALS AND / OR PRODUCTS BY PULSE POWER |
ES2556123T3 (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2016-01-13 | Selfrag Ag | Procedure to fragment and / or pre-enable material through high voltage discharges |
WO2013060403A1 (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2013-05-02 | Adensis Gmbh | Method and device for the disintegration of a recyclable item |
US10046331B2 (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2018-08-14 | Selfrag Ag | Method and device for fragmenting and/or weakening material by means of high-voltage pulses |
AU2013403789B2 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2018-02-08 | Selfrag Ag | Method for fragmenting and/or pre-weakening material by means of high-voltage discharges |
CN103753701B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-12-09 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of Pulse discharge concrete recovery system |
US20160082402A1 (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2016-03-24 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Method of producing dispersion and apparatus for producing dispersion |
CN107206390B (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2020-06-16 | 泽尔弗拉格股份公司 | Method and device for fragmenting and/or refining bulk material by means of high-voltage discharge |
EP3261769B1 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2018-12-26 | Selfrag AG | Method and device for fragmenting and/or weakening pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges |
CN106552704B (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-10-19 | 大连理工大学 | A method of preparing giobertite monomer dissociation particle |
CN106824455B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2022-05-20 | 东北大学 | Application method of high-voltage electric pulse ore crushing device for ore pretreatment |
CN107008553B (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2023-08-15 | 无锡市华庄电光源机械设备厂 | Irregular semiconductor material breaker |
DE102017217611A1 (en) * | 2017-10-04 | 2019-04-04 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Process for recycling ceramics, regenerates obtainable thereafter and use of the regenerates for the production of ceramics |
DE102018003512A1 (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2019-10-31 | Diehl Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Plant and method for electrodynamic fragmentation |
JP6947126B2 (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2021-10-13 | 株式会社Sumco | Silicon rod crushing method and equipment, and silicon ingot manufacturing method |
CN109604020A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-04-12 | 同济大学 | A kind of pressure pulse electric discharge decomposition discarded concrete device |
US11020603B2 (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2021-06-01 | Kamran Ansari | Systems and methods of modulating electrical impulses in an animal brain using arrays of planar coils configured to generate pulsed electromagnetic fields and integrated into clothing |
CA3136986A1 (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2020-11-12 | Kamran Ansari | Therapeutic arrays of planar coils configured to generate pulsed electromagnetic fields and integrated into clothing |
CN110215985B (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-06-01 | 东北大学 | High-voltage electric pulse device for ore crushing pretreatment |
CN110193417B (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-03-16 | 东北大学 | Method for pretreating tourmaline electric pulse by using high-voltage electric pulse device |
CN110193418B (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-03-16 | 东北大学 | High-voltage electric pulse pretreatment method for strengthening crushing and sorting of cassiterite |
CN114433330B (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2023-06-02 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for crushing ores by controllable shock waves |
US11865546B2 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2024-01-09 | Sharp Pulse Corp. | Material extracting system and method |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1289121A (en) | 1969-02-10 | 1972-09-13 | ||
SU1164942A1 (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1995-02-20 | Проектно-конструкторское бюро электрогидравлики АН УССР | Electrohydraulic device for crushing, grinding and regenerating materials |
RU2081259C1 (en) * | 1995-02-22 | 1997-06-10 | Научно-исследовательский институт высоких напряжений при Томском политехническом университете | Method for making pieces of substandard reinforced concrete |
RU2123596C1 (en) * | 1996-10-14 | 1998-12-20 | Научно-исследовательский институт высоких напряжений при Томском политехническом университете | Method for electric-pulse drilling of wells, and drilling unit |
US5758831A (en) | 1996-10-31 | 1998-06-02 | Aerie Partners, Inc. | Comminution by cryogenic electrohydraulics |
DE19736027C2 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2000-11-02 | Tzn Forschung & Entwicklung | Method and device for breaking concrete, in particular reinforced concrete slabs |
DE19902010C2 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2001-02-08 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Process for the treatment of ashes from waste incineration plants and mineral residues by desalination and artificial aging using electrodynamic underwater processes and plant for carrying out the process |
FR2833192B1 (en) * | 2001-12-11 | 2004-08-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | PROCESS FOR MILLING CONDUCTIVE CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL BY APPLYING HIGH-VOLTAGE PULSES IN A LIQUID ENVIRONMENT |
DE10346650A1 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2005-05-19 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Process reactor and operating method for electrodynamic fragmentation |
-
2003
- 2003-10-04 DE DE10346055A patent/DE10346055B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-08-17 CN CN200480028954.8A patent/CN1863601B/en active Active
- 2004-08-17 AU AU2004277317A patent/AU2004277317B2/en active Active
- 2004-08-17 US US10/574,644 patent/US7677486B2/en active Active
- 2004-08-17 AT AT04764185T patent/ATE493204T1/en active
- 2004-08-17 RU RU2006115337/03A patent/RU2311961C1/en active
- 2004-08-17 DE DE502004012070T patent/DE502004012070D1/en active Active
- 2004-08-17 DK DK04764185.7T patent/DK1667798T3/en active
- 2004-08-17 CA CA2540939A patent/CA2540939C/en active Active
- 2004-08-17 ES ES04764185T patent/ES2358741T3/en active Active
- 2004-08-17 EP EP04764185A patent/EP1667798B1/en active Active
- 2004-08-17 JP JP2006529960A patent/JP4388959B2/en active Active
- 2004-08-17 WO PCT/EP2004/009193 patent/WO2005032722A1/en active Application Filing
-
2006
- 2006-04-03 ZA ZA200602737A patent/ZA200602737B/en unknown
- 2006-05-04 NO NO20061991A patent/NO330975B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005032722A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2005032722A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
AU2004277317B2 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
ZA200602737B (en) | 2007-06-27 |
DE502004012070D1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
DE10346055B8 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
JP4388959B2 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
NO330975B1 (en) | 2011-08-29 |
RU2311961C1 (en) | 2007-12-10 |
NO20061991L (en) | 2006-06-27 |
DK1667798T3 (en) | 2011-03-21 |
CN1863601A (en) | 2006-11-15 |
ATE493204T1 (en) | 2011-01-15 |
AU2004277317A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
EP1667798B1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
ES2358741T3 (en) | 2011-05-13 |
DE10346055B3 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
CN1863601B (en) | 2013-02-06 |
CA2540939A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
US20070187539A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
JP2007507332A (en) | 2007-03-29 |
US7677486B2 (en) | 2010-03-16 |
CA2540939C (en) | 2011-05-03 |
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