CN110193418B - High-voltage electric pulse pretreatment method for strengthening crushing and sorting of cassiterite - Google Patents
High-voltage electric pulse pretreatment method for strengthening crushing and sorting of cassiterite Download PDFInfo
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- CN110193418B CN110193418B CN201910603342.5A CN201910603342A CN110193418B CN 110193418 B CN110193418 B CN 110193418B CN 201910603342 A CN201910603342 A CN 201910603342A CN 110193418 B CN110193418 B CN 110193418B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
- B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
- B02C2023/165—Screen denying egress of oversize material
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Abstract
A high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment method for strengthening the crushing and sorting of cassiterite adopts a high-voltage electric pulse device and comprises the following steps: (1) starting a water pump to enable water to continuously enter the pulsating insulation cylinder and be discharged from a water outlet of the product collector; (2) conveying the cassiterite ore into a pulse insulation cylinder through an ore feeding bin, accumulating the cassiterite ore on a screen, and contacting the top of the cassiterite ore with a high-voltage electrode; (3) turning on a power supply, and discharging between the high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage cathode to break the cassiterite ore; (4) the eccentric wheel rotates to enable the water flow to lift and act on the ore on the screen, and the small particle part moves downwards; (5) the crushed cassiterite ore enters a product collector. The method can improve the content of useful minerals in the crushed product, improve the degree of dissociation of the crushed product monomer, facilitate the reduction of energy consumption of subsequent treatment procedures and save enterprise cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral processing, and particularly relates to a high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment method for strengthening cassiterite crushing and sorting.
Background
Tin is a low-melting-point metal element, has no toxicity, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, good plasticity, fatigue resistance and the like. The monosodium glutamate is widely applied to the advanced scientific and technological fields of information, chemical industry, electric appliances, metallurgy, building materials, machinery, electronics, food packaging, fuel, atomic energy, spacecraft and the like at present and is called as 'industrial monosodium glutamate'; at present, the basic reserve of global tin ore resources is about 1100.00 ten thousand tons approximately, the reserve of the tin ore which is proved by human beings reaches about 700.00 ten thousand tons, and one fourth of the tin ore resources in China all over the world are in China, however, the tin grade of the tin ore resources in China is low, the grade is generally between 0.10 percent and 1 percent, the reserve of the resources is about 420.20 ten thousand tons, and the reserve of the resources accounts for 84.30 percent of the reserve of the tin resources in China; with the depletion of tin-rich ore resources, the recovery of fine and micro-fine cassiterites is a hot spot.
The stannic oxide is brittle, a large amount of secondary slime is easily generated in the crushing and grinding process, and the recycling of the stannic oxide fine slime is a worldwide problem in the mineral processing world all the time; about 80% of the tin metal lost in China is lost in the tailings in the form of fine mud, and about 30% of cassiterite is lost along with the slime in the world; at present, the tin slime with the grain size of more than 19 microns is called easy-separation slime in industrial production, and the tin slime with the grain size of less than 19 microns is called difficult-separation slime; the lower limit of the reselected granularity is about 19 mu m generally, and the ultrafine ore particles are difficult to adopt reselection enrichment, so the granularity of the ground ore product has important influence on the reselection; therefore, the development of a new crushing process of tin ore resources and the reduction of the argillization level of the refractory tin slime are very important development directions in the cassiterite beneficiation industry.
The traditional ore crushing and grinding mainly depends on mechanical energy impact, shearing and grinding to enable the ore to be crushed and corroded to achieve the purpose of mineral monomer dissociation, and the crushing mechanism determines that most of ores are mainly subjected to crystal-crossing crushing, so that useful minerals and gangue minerals cannot be effectively separated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing mechanical crushing technology, the invention provides a high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment method for strengthening the crushing and sorting of the cassiterite, which utilizes high-voltage electric pulses to generate expansion cracks and cracks on an internal mineral interface of an ore, thereby improving the mineral cleavage and sorting characteristics and improving the crushing and sorting effect of the cassiterite.
The method adopts a high-voltage electric pulse device, which comprises an ore feeding bin, a pulse insulation cylinder, a support frame, a pulse device, a product collector and a power supply; the upper part of the pulse insulation cylinder is cylindrical, the lower part of the pulse insulation cylinder is in an inverted round table shape, the top of the pulse insulation cylinder is provided with a cover plate, and a channel is arranged on the cover plate and communicated with the ore feeding bin; the side wall of the insulating cylinder body is sleeved with a support frame, and the bottom of the insulating cylinder body is assembled with the pulsation device; the pulsation device consists of a pulsation insulating cylinder, a drumming diaphragm, an ore discharge port, a pulsation conical body, a connecting rod and an eccentric wheel, wherein a water inlet is formed in the side wall of the pulsation insulating cylinder and communicated with a water pump; the material of the drumming diaphragm is rubber; the ore discharge port is communicated with the feed inlet of the product collector, and the side wall of the product collector is provided with a water outlet; the cover plate is provided with a plurality of telescopic devices, each telescopic device consists of a copper rod, a high-voltage electrode, an upper fixed block, a lower fixed block and a spring, the upper fixed block is fixedly connected to the upper part of the copper rod, the lower fixed block is fixed on the cover plate, the copper rod penetrates through the lower fixed block and is in sliding sealing connection with the lower fixed block, the high-voltage electrode is fixedly connected with the bottom of the copper rod, the top end of the spring is fixedly connected with the lower fixed block, the bottom end of the spring is fixedly connected with the high-voltage electrode, and the spring is surrounded; the copper bars of the telescopic devices are connected in parallel on the two groups of high-voltage ceramic capacitors through high-voltage leads, the high-voltage ceramic capacitors are assembled with the alternating-current ignition transformer, and the alternating-current ignition transformer is assembled with the power supply through a one-way voltage regulator; the bottom end of the pulse insulation cylinder is fixedly connected with a grounding electrode, and the grounding electrode penetrates through the supporting frame to be grounded; the bottom end of the cylindrical part of the pulse insulation cylinder is fixedly provided with a screen, and a plurality of high-voltage cathodes are arranged on the screen;
the method comprises the following steps:
1. starting a water pump to enable water to continuously enter a pulsating insulation cylinder of the pulsating device and be continuously discharged from a water outlet of the product collector; water is used as insulating liquid to fill the interior of the pulsating insulating cylinder and the product collector, and the liquid level is higher than the bottom end of the high-voltage electrode;
2. the cassiterite ore is placed in an ore feeding bin and is conveyed into the pulse insulation cylinder body through the ore feeding bin; cassiterite ore is piled up on the screen, and the cassiterite ore at the top is contacted with the high-voltage electrode;
3. the power supply is started, the current is transformed by the single-phase voltage regulator, the alternating current ignition transformer is boosted, and the six-time voltage rectifying circuit is rectified and boosted to output high-voltage direct current to charge the high-voltage ceramic capacitor; when the voltage on the high-voltage electrode reaches a breakdown voltage value, discharging occurs between the high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage cathode, so that the cassiterite ore is crushed; when the voltage on the high-voltage electrode reaches the breakdown voltage value again, the next discharge is formed; when the crushed cassiterite ore particles are smaller than the aperture of the screen mesh, the cassiterite ore particles enter a pulsating device through the screen mesh;
4. the eccentric wheel is driven to rotate by the motor, so that the pulse conical body periodically moves up and down; when the pulsation conical body moves upwards, ascending water flow is formed in the pulsation device, and when the pulsation conical body moves downwards, descending water flow is formed in the pulsation device; the small particles in the cassiterite ore on the screen gradually move downwards under the action of the lifting of the water flow on the ore on the screen;
5. the crushed cassiterite ore enters a product collector through a pulsating device.
In the high-voltage electric pulse device, the central shaft of the eccentric wheel is assembled with the motor, and the position where the connecting rod is hinged with the eccentric wheel is positioned outside the central shaft.
In the high-voltage electric pulse device, the water inlet of the water pump is communicated with the water outlet of the water tank, and the water inlet of the water tank is communicated with the water outlet on the side wall of the product collector.
In the high-voltage electric pulse device, the pulse insulation cylinder is made of PVC, and the support frame and the cover plate are made of stainless steel.
In the high-voltage electric pulse device, the screen is made of stainless steel, and the aperture of the screen is 2-10 mm.
In the high-voltage electric pulse device, the high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage cathode are made of stainless steel; the high-voltage electrode is in an inverted conical shape, and the high-voltage cathode is in a conical shape.
In the high-voltage electric pulse device, the lower fixing block and the cover plate are insulated by the insulating washer.
In the high-voltage electric pulse device, the discharge hole of the ore feeding bin is communicated with the lower part of the cover plate, and the feed hole is provided with a valve.
In the high-voltage electric pulse device, the inclined screen is arranged in the product collector, the included angle between the inclined screen and the horizontal plane is 20-40 degrees, the inclined screen is positioned above the water outlet, and the aperture of the inclined screen is 2-10 mm.
In the above high-voltage electric pulse device, the material of the pulse insulation cylinder is PVC.
In the high-voltage electric pulse device, the spring is a compression spring, and the length of the spring in a natural state is larger than the distance between the high-voltage electrode and the lower fixed block.
In the method, as the cassiterite ore is discharged from the screen after being crushed, the cassiterite ore on the screen is gradually reduced; the high-voltage electrode gradually descends under the action of the elastic force of the spring until the upper fixing block is contacted with the lower fixing block, and at the moment, a gap is reserved between the high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage cathode to prevent short circuit.
In the method, the time interval between two adjacent discharges is a discharge period, and the up-and-down movement of the pulse conical body is a pulse period; controlling the pulse period to be equal to the positive integral multiple of the discharge period by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor; the discharge period is changed along with the first-stage input voltage and the ball gap distance, wherein the first-stage input voltage is 45-90V, the ball gap distance is 15-30 mm, the pulse frequency per minute is 5-45 times, and the discharge period is 1/5-1/45 min.
The power supply voltage is 220V, and the frequency is 50 Hz.
The single-phase voltage regulator, the alternating-current ignition transformer and the high-voltage ceramic capacitor form a pulse power supply which is used for outputting electric pulses, and the rising edge time of the electric pulses is 50-500 ns; the rising edge time is the time when the pulse forms a waveform.
The high-voltage negative electrodes are uniformly distributed on the screen mesh and used for improving the electric crushing efficiency and strengthening the crushing effect.
The above-mentioned breakdown voltage value was 20 kV.
The pulsating device drives water and enables the drumming film to generate alternate expansion and contraction, ascending water flow and descending water flow are alternately formed in the pulsating device and the pulse insulation cylinder, mineral particles meeting the particle size are timely dispersed through the ascending water flow, ore discharge is carried out through the descending water flow, the crushing efficiency is improved, and over-crushing is prevented.
In the method, the discharge occurs in the cassiterite ore, and the rising edge time is less than 10-5At second, under nanosecond pulse action, water is used as insulating liquid, and its insulating strength is greater than that of cassiterite ore, so that the useful mineral is placed in the large-grain cassiterite oreRepeatedly forming a plasma channel with the gangue mineral interface; broken small-particle cassiterite ore falls into the lower part of a cone at the bottom of a breaking cavity through a high-pressure cathode, and small particles can preferentially sink to the bottom due to the influence of water flow chromatography of a pulse device, are discharged into a product collector through the pulse device, are subjected to solid-liquid separation and the like, and are continuously used during subsequent breaking and grinding operations; the final particle size depends on the size of the sieve pores, which are adjusted as required.
In the above method, the rising edge time is less than 10-5In seconds, under the action of nanosecond-level pulse, the insulating strength of water is higher than that of ore, so that the water can be used as insulating liquid; in the discharging process, a discharging channel is easy to develop along a mineral interface, plasma explosion, thermal stress expansion and the like are generated on the mineral interface, so that shock waves and a destructive force field are formed to cause cracks to generate and expand, and finally, macroscopic cracking of ores is caused; the high-voltage electric pulse crushing can not only crush the ores, but also generate expansion cracks and cracks on mineral interfaces in the ores, thereby improving the mineral cleavage and separation characteristics.
The high-voltage electric pulse crushing is an optimal mode of breaking along a grain boundary, so that not only can the ore be crushed, but also expansion cracks and cracks are generated on the grain boundary of minerals in the ore, and further the mineral cleavage and separation characteristics are improved; the electrical property difference of dielectric constant, conductivity and the like of useful minerals and gangue minerals in the cassiterite is large, when high-voltage electric pulse is adopted to crush metal ores, a discharge channel is easy to develop along a mineral interface, plasma explosion, thermal stress expansion and the like are generated on the mineral interface, further shock waves and a destructive force field are formed to cause cracks to generate and expand, and finally macroscopic cracking of the ores is caused; the target minerals are completely dissociated through selective crushing, the quantity of useful minerals dissociated in the crushed products can meet the requirements of a subsequent separation process, and the energy consumption of subsequent treatment is reduced.
Compared with the traditional sample crushing method, the method has the following advantages: the treatment time is short, the production efficiency is high, and the energy consumption is low; the device is provided with a pulse ore discharging device, and compared with crushing equipment with the same power, the processing capacity is expected to be improved by 1.5 to 2 times; along the grain boundary crushing mode, the generation and development of micro-cracks at the grain boundary are promoted, the selective crushing is improved, the mineral cleavage property is further improved, and the crystal form of the mineral is not damaged; easy cleaning and no cross contamination; after high-voltage electric pulse crushing, the ore strength can be greatly reduced, and the ore grinding energy consumption is expected to be reduced by more than 30%; greatly increases the monomer dissociation degree of useful minerals and is beneficial to improving the cassiterite ore separation index.
The main innovation points of the invention are as follows:
(1) the pulsating ore discharge device can discharge ore in time, reduce the ineffective electric crushing process and improve the treatment efficiency.
(2) The self-service expansion device ensures point-surface contact of the high-voltage motor and ore, can greatly reduce energy waste, has small energy loss, ensures the generation of a discharge channel, and improves the energy utilization rate.
(3) The pointed high-voltage cathode is combined with the screen, thereby saving space, improving the electric pulse crushing efficiency,
(4) the high-voltage pulse discharging crushing equipment is used for selectively crushing ores, so that the content of useful minerals of crushed products can be improved, the monomer dissociation degree of the crushed products is improved, the reduction of energy consumption of subsequent treatment procedures is facilitated, and the enterprise cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-voltage electric pulse device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a telescopic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a pulsation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the product collector of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the screen of FIG. 1 (the portion marked by X is the position of the high voltage negative electrode);
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of the high voltage ceramic capacitor and AC ignition transformer portion of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a graph of first-level input voltage versus pulse number for different ball-gap spacings, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a feeding bin, 2, a pulse insulation cylinder, 3, a support frame, 4, a grounding electrode, 5, a pulsation device, 6, a product collector, 7, a water pump, 8, insulation liquid (water), 9, a power supply, 10, an alternating current ignition transformer, 11, a high-voltage ceramic capacitor (with a six-time voltage rectification circuit), 12, a cover plate, 13, a high-voltage lead, 14, a copper rod, 15, a spring, 16, a high-voltage electrode, 17, a high-voltage negative electrode, 18, a screen, 19, a single-phase voltage regulator, 20, a rubber gasket, 21, a lower fixed block, 22, an upper fixed block, 23, a pulsation insulation cylinder, 24, a water inlet, 25, a blowing film, 26, an ore discharge port, 27, an eccentric wheel, 28, a connecting rod, 29, a pulsation cone, 30, an inclined screen, 31 and a water outlet.
Detailed Description
The insulating layers are coated outside the copper rod, the spring, the lower fixing block and the upper fixing block, so that the part of the non-high-voltage electrode is prevented from generating a high-voltage environment, and the waste of electric energy is avoided.
In the embodiment of the invention, the rubber gasket is arranged between the lower part of the spring and the top of the high-voltage electrode and is used for preventing safety accidents caused by abrasion of the insulating layer.
In the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of high-voltage cathodes are uniformly arranged on a screen mesh into a plurality of rows, the distance between two adjacent high-voltage cathodes in each row is equal, the distance between the high-voltage cathodes in two adjacent rows is equal, and the high-voltage cathodes in the two adjacent rows are staggered; the number of high voltage negative electrodes in each row is at least 10, and at least 10 rows are total.
In the embodiment of the invention, the number of the high-voltage electrodes is at least 5, the high-voltage electrodes are uniformly distributed on the cover plate, and the high-voltage electrodes are distributed in one or more rows or in one or more rings.
In the embodiment of the invention, water is stored in the water tank, the water outlet of the water tank is communicated with the water inlet of the water pump, and the water inlet of the water tank is communicated with the water outlet of the product collector.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the high-voltage electric pulse is output, the pulse intensity is 50-800 kV, and the pulse frequency is 15-50 Hz.
In the embodiment of the invention, the pulse insulation cylinder is made of PVC, and the support frame and the cover plate are made of stainless steel.
In the embodiment of the invention, the screen is made of stainless steel, and the aperture of the screen is 2-10 mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage cathode are made of stainless steel; the high-voltage electrode is in an inverted conical shape, and the high-voltage cathode is in a conical shape.
In the embodiment of the invention, the lower fixing block and the cover plate are insulated by the insulating gasket.
In the embodiment of the invention, the discharge hole of the ore feeding bin is communicated with the lower part of the cover plate, and the feed hole of the ore feeding bin is provided with a valve.
In the embodiment of the invention, the inclined screen is arranged in the product collector, the included angle between the inclined screen and the horizontal plane is 20-40 degrees, the inclined screen is positioned above the water outlet, and the aperture of the inclined screen is 2-10 mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the wall thickness of the drumming film is 15-20 mm.
The discharge period of the embodiment of the invention is changed along with the first-stage input voltage and the ball gap spacing, wherein the first-stage input voltage is 45-90V, the ball gap spacing is 15-30 mm, the pulse frequency per minute is 5-45 times, and the discharge period is 1/5-1/45 min; as shown in fig. 7.
The structure of the high-voltage electric pulse device in the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1, and comprises an ore feeding bin 1, a pulse insulation cylinder 2, a support frame 3, a pulse device, a product collector and a power supply 9; the upper part of the pulse insulation cylinder is cylindrical, the lower part of the pulse insulation cylinder is in an inverted round table shape, the top of the pulse insulation cylinder is provided with a cover plate 12, and a channel is arranged on the cover plate 12 and communicated with the ore feeding bin 1; the side wall of the insulating cylinder body 2 is sleeved with a support frame 3, and the bottom of the insulating cylinder body is assembled with the pulsation device;
the structure of the pulsation device is shown in fig. 3, and the pulsation device comprises a pulsation insulating cylinder 23, a blast diaphragm 25, a mine discharge port 26, a pulsation conical body 29, a connecting rod 28 and an eccentric wheel 27, wherein a water inlet 24 is formed in the side wall of the pulsation insulating cylinder 23 and is communicated with an outlet of a water pump 7, the bottom of the pulsation insulating cylinder 23 is connected with the top of the blast diaphragm 25, the bottom of the blast diaphragm 25 is connected with the mine discharge port 26, the pulsation conical body 29 is arranged in the mine discharge port 26, the bottom of the pulsation conical body 29 is hinged with one end of the connecting rod 28, the other end of the connecting rod 28 is hinged with the eccentric wheel 27, and the eccentric wheel 27;
the material of the drumming diaphragm 25 is rubber;
the ore discharge port 26 is communicated with the feed inlet of the product collector, the structure of the product collector is shown in figure 4, and the side wall of the product collector is provided with a water outlet 31;
the cover plate 12 is provided with a plurality of telescopic devices, the telescopic devices are structurally shown in figure 2 and comprise a copper bar 14, a high-voltage electrode 16, an upper fixing block 22, a lower fixing block 21 and a spring 15, the upper fixing block 22 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the copper bar 14, the lower fixing block 21 is fixed on the cover plate 12, the copper bar 14 penetrates through the lower fixing block 21 and is in sliding sealing connection with the lower fixing block 21, the high-voltage electrode 16 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the copper bar 14, the top end of the spring 15 is fixedly connected with the lower fixing block 21, the bottom end of the spring 15 is fixedly connected with the high-voltage electrode 16, and the spring 15 surrounds;
the copper bars 14 of the plurality of telescopic devices are connected in parallel on the two groups of high-voltage ceramic capacitors 11 through high-voltage leads 13, the high-voltage ceramic capacitors 11 are assembled with the alternating current ignition transformer 10, and the alternating current ignition transformer 10 is assembled with the power supply 9 through a one-way voltage regulator 19;
wherein the circuit of the high voltage ceramic capacitor and the ac ignition transformer portion is as shown in fig. 6; each of the two groups of high-voltage ceramic capacitors comprises four high-voltage ceramic capacitors; the power supply outputs high-voltage direct current after transformation by a single-phase voltage regulator, boosting by an alternating-current ignition transformer and rectification and boosting by a six-time voltage rectifying circuit, and charges a high-voltage ceramic capacitor, wherein the rise time of the charging voltage is microsecond; after the voltage of each capacitor reaches the voltage for conducting the gas switch, outputting high-voltage electric pulses with the rise time in nanosecond level, and loading the high-voltage electric pulses onto a load electrode through a high-voltage lead;
the bottom end of the pulse insulation cylinder 2 is fixedly connected with a grounding electrode 4, and the grounding electrode 4 penetrates through the support frame 3 to be grounded;
a screen 18 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the cylindrical part of the pulse insulation cylinder 2, and a plurality of high-voltage cathodes 17 are installed on the screen 18, and the structure is shown in fig. 5;
the central shaft of the eccentric wheel 27 is assembled with the motor, and the position where the connecting rod 28 is hinged with the eccentric wheel 27 is positioned outside the central shaft;
the water inlet of the water pump 7 is communicated with the water outlet of the water tank, and the water inlet of the water tank is communicated with the water outlet 31 on the side wall of the product collector; the water tank is filled with water as an insulating liquid 8.
In the embodiment of the invention, the high-voltage negative electrodes are uniformly distributed on the screen mesh and used for improving the electric crushing efficiency and strengthening the crushing effect.
Example 1
The adopted cassiterite ore is raw ore of a tin ore area in Yunnan province, and chemical multi-elements are shown in the table 1 according to the mass percentage;
TABLE 1
| Components | Sn | Ni | Cu | Mn | TiO2 | Zn | CaO |
| Content (wt.) | 0.35 | 0.003 | 0.75 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.049 | 12.5 |
| Components | MgO | Fe | SiO2 | Al2O3 | P | Na2O | As |
| Content (wt.) | 1.47 | 34.48 | 8.57 | 0.52 | 0.01 | 0.042 | 0.01 |
| Components | Pb | Bi | F | K2O | S | ||
| Content (wt.) | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.2 | 0.12 | 18.87 |
The chemical phase analysis results are shown in table 2 in mass percent;
TABLE 2
| Physical phase | Tin in cassiterite | Tin and others in sulfides | Total tin |
| Content/% | 0.304 | 0.046 | 0.35 |
| Ratio/%) | 86.75 | 13.25 | 100 |
As can be seen from the table, the copper grade of the raw ore is 0.75%, the iron grade is 34.48%, and the tin grade is 0.35%; the tin in the ore exists mainly in the form of cassiterite, the tin occupancy rate in the cassiterite reaches 86.75 percent, and the tin in the sulfide exists in other forms;
the method comprises the following steps:
starting a water pump to enable water to continuously enter a pulsating insulation cylinder of the pulsating device and be continuously discharged from a water outlet of the product collector; water is used as insulating liquid to fill the interior of the pulsating insulating cylinder and the product collector, and the liquid level is higher than the bottom end of the high-voltage electrode;
the cassiterite ore is placed in an ore feeding bin and is conveyed into the pulse insulation cylinder body through the ore feeding bin; cassiterite ore is piled up on the screen, and the cassiterite ore at the top is contacted with the high-voltage electrode;
the power supply is started, the current is transformed by the single-phase voltage regulator, the alternating current ignition transformer is boosted, and the six-time voltage rectifying circuit is rectified and boosted to output high-voltage direct current to charge the high-voltage ceramic capacitor; when the voltage on the high-voltage electrode reaches a breakdown voltage value, discharging occurs between the high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage cathode, so that the cassiterite ore is crushed; when the voltage on the high-voltage electrode reaches the breakdown voltage value again, the next discharge is formed; when the crushed cassiterite ore particles are smaller than the aperture of the screen mesh, the cassiterite ore particles enter a pulsating device through the screen mesh;
the eccentric wheel is driven to rotate by the motor, so that the pulse conical body periodically moves up and down; when the pulsation conical body moves upwards, ascending water flow is formed in the pulsation device, and when the pulsation conical body moves downwards, descending water flow is formed in the pulsation device; the small particles in the cassiterite ore on the screen gradually move downwards under the action of the lifting of the water flow on the ore on the screen;
feeding the crushed cassiterite ore into a product collector through a pulsating device;
the power voltage is 220V, and the frequency is 50 Hz;
the single-phase voltage regulator, the alternating current ignition transformer and the high-voltage ceramic capacitor form a pulse power supply which is used for outputting electric pulses, and the rising edge time of the electric pulses is 50-500 ns; the rising edge time is the time for forming a waveform by the pulse;
the high-voltage negative electrodes are uniformly distributed on the screen mesh and used for improving the electric crushing efficiency and strengthening the crushing effect;
the breakdown voltage value is 20 kV;
the high-voltage electric pulse ore crushing device has the pulse intensity of 80kV and the pulse frequency of 50 Hz;
subjecting the ore to high-voltage electric pulse for 5min, taking out the pretreated ore, crushing the pretreated ore by using a disc crusher until the particle size is below 2mm, grinding the ore by using a cylindrical rod mill, adjusting the mass concentration of the ore pulp to be 60% during grinding, and grinding the ore for 5min to prepare a pretreatment sample of cassiterite powder;
crushing and grinding the same cassiterite ore in the above manner under the condition of not carrying out high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment to prepare a standard sample of cassiterite powder, and carrying out a comparative test;
performing a particle size sieve analysis test and a monomer dissociation degree measurement on the two ore grinding products, wherein the results are shown in the table 3 according to the mass percentage;
TABLE 3
After the pretreated small-particle ore is crushed and ground, the content of four grain grades of plus 0.074mm, -0.074+0.043mm, -0.043+0.038mm and-0.038 mm in a ground product is respectively reduced by 9.33 percentage points, 2.37 percentage points, 9.45 percentage points and 2.25 percentage points compared with a standard ground product; after the pretreatment by high-voltage electric pulse, the dissociation degree of useful mineral monomers of the pretreated sample is improved by 19.79 percentage points in total; therefore, the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment technology is applied to the cassiterite grinding operation, the monomer dissociation degree is improved, and the ore grinding efficiency is improved.
Example 2
The adopted cassiterite sample is raw ore of a certain tin ore area in Yunnan province, and chemical multi-elements are shown in a table 4 according to mass percentage;
TABLE 4
| Components | Sn | Ni | Cu | Mn | TiO2 | Zn | CaO |
| Content (wt.) | 0.35 | 0.003 | 0.75 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.049 | 12.5 |
| Components | MgO | Fe | SiO2 | Al2O3 | P | Na2O | As |
| Content (wt.) | 1.47 | 34.48 | 8.57 | 0.52 | 0.01 | 0.042 | 0.01 |
| Components | Pb | Bi | F | K2O | S | ||
| Content (wt.) | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.2 | 0.12 | 18.87 |
The chemical phase analysis results are shown in table 5 in mass percent;
TABLE 5
| Physical phase | Tin in cassiterite | Tin and others in sulfides | Total tin |
| Content/% | 0.304 | 0.046 | 0.35 |
| Ratio/%) | 86.75 | 13.25 | 100 |
As can be seen from the table, the copper grade of the raw ore is 0.75%, the iron grade is 34.48%, and the tin grade is 0.35%; the tin in the ore exists mainly in the form of cassiterite, the tin occupancy rate in the cassiterite reaches 86.75 percent, and the tin in the sulfide exists in other forms;
the procedure is as in example 1;
crushing and grinding the same cassiterite ore in the above manner under the condition of not carrying out high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment to prepare a standard sample of cassiterite powder, and carrying out a comparative test;
performing a particle size sieve analysis test and a monomer dissociation degree measurement on the two ore grinding products, wherein the results are shown in the table 6 according to the mass percentage;
TABLE 6
After the pretreated small-particle ore is crushed and ground, the content of four grain grades of plus 0.074mm, -0.074+0.043mm, -0.043+0.038mm and-0.038 mm in a ground product is respectively reduced by 15.77 percentage points, increased by 7.56 percentage points, increased by 5.78 percentage points and increased by 2.43 percentage points compared with a standard ground product; after the raw ore is pretreated by high-voltage electric pulse, the dissociation degree of useful mineral monomers of the ore grinding product is improved by 21.03 percentage points in total; therefore, the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment technology is applied to the cassiterite grinding operation, the monomer dissociation degree is improved, and the ore grinding efficiency is improved.
Claims (7)
1. A high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment method for strengthening the crushing and sorting of cassiterite is characterized in that a high-voltage electric pulse device is adopted, and comprises an ore feeding bin, a pulse insulation cylinder, a supporting frame, a pulse device, a product collector and a power supply; the upper part of the pulse insulation cylinder is cylindrical, the lower part of the pulse insulation cylinder is in an inverted round table shape, the top of the pulse insulation cylinder is provided with a cover plate, and a channel is arranged on the cover plate and communicated with the ore feeding bin; the side wall of the pulse insulation cylinder body is sleeved with a support frame, and the bottom of the pulse insulation cylinder body is assembled with the pulsation device; the pulsation device consists of a pulsation insulating cylinder, a drumming diaphragm, an ore discharge port, a pulsation conical body, a connecting rod and an eccentric wheel, wherein a water inlet is formed in the side wall of the pulsation insulating cylinder and communicated with a water pump; the material of the drumming diaphragm is rubber; the ore discharge port is communicated with the feed inlet of the product collector, and the side wall of the product collector is provided with a water outlet; the cover plate is provided with a plurality of telescopic devices, each telescopic device consists of a copper rod, a high-voltage electrode, an upper fixed block, a lower fixed block and a spring, the upper fixed block is fixedly connected to the upper part of the copper rod, the lower fixed block is fixed on the cover plate, the copper rod penetrates through the lower fixed block and is in sliding sealing connection with the lower fixed block, the high-voltage electrode is fixedly connected with the bottom of the copper rod, the top end of the spring is fixedly connected with the lower fixed block, the bottom end of the spring is fixedly connected with the high-voltage electrode, and the spring is surrounded; the copper bars of the telescopic devices are connected in parallel on the two groups of high-voltage ceramic capacitors through high-voltage leads, the high-voltage ceramic capacitors are assembled with the alternating-current ignition transformer, and the alternating-current ignition transformer is assembled with the power supply through a one-way voltage regulator; the bottom end of the pulse insulation cylinder is fixedly connected with a grounding electrode, and the grounding electrode penetrates through the supporting frame to be grounded; the bottom end of the cylindrical part of the pulse insulation cylinder is fixedly provided with a screen, and a plurality of high-voltage cathodes are arranged on the screen; the middle shaft of the eccentric wheel is assembled with the motor, and the position where the connecting rod is hinged with the eccentric wheel is positioned outside the middle shaft; the water inlet of the water pump is communicated with the water outlet of the water tank, and the water inlet of the water tank is communicated with the water outlet on the side wall of the product collector; the spring is a compression spring, and the length of the spring in a natural state is greater than the distance between the high-voltage electrode and the lower fixed block;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) starting a water pump to enable water to continuously enter a pulsating insulation cylinder of the pulsating device and be continuously discharged from a water outlet of the product collector; water is used as insulating liquid to fill the interior of the pulsating insulating cylinder and the product collector, and the liquid level is higher than the bottom end of the high-voltage electrode;
(2) the cassiterite ore is placed in an ore feeding bin and is conveyed into the pulse insulation cylinder body through the ore feeding bin; cassiterite ore is piled up on the screen, and the cassiterite ore at the top is contacted with the high-voltage electrode;
(3) the power supply is started, the current is transformed by the single-phase voltage regulator, the alternating current ignition transformer is boosted, and the six-time voltage rectifying circuit is rectified and boosted to output high-voltage direct current to charge the high-voltage ceramic capacitor; when the voltage on the high-voltage electrode reaches a breakdown voltage value, discharging occurs between the high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage cathode, so that the cassiterite ore is crushed; when the voltage on the high-voltage electrode reaches the breakdown voltage value again, the next discharge is formed; when the crushed cassiterite ore particles are smaller than the aperture of the screen mesh, the cassiterite ore particles enter a pulsating device through the screen mesh;
(4) the eccentric wheel is driven to rotate by the motor, so that the pulse conical body periodically moves up and down; when the pulsation conical body moves upwards, ascending water flow is formed in the pulsation device, and when the pulsation conical body moves downwards, descending water flow is formed in the pulsation device; the small particles in the cassiterite ore on the screen gradually move downwards under the action of the lifting of the water flow on the ore on the screen;
(5) the crushed cassiterite ore enters a product collector through a pulsating device.
2. The high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment method for strengthening cassiterite crushing and sorting according to claim 1, wherein in the high-voltage electric pulse device, a screen is made of stainless steel, and the aperture of the screen is 2-10 mm.
3. The high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment method for strengthening cassiterite crushing and sorting according to claim 1, wherein in the high-voltage electric pulse device, the high-voltage electrodes and the high-voltage negative electrode are made of stainless steel; the high-voltage electrode is in an inverted conical shape, and the high-voltage cathode is in a conical shape.
4. The high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment method for strengthening cassiterite crushing and sorting according to claim 1, wherein an inclined screen is arranged in a product collector, the inclined screen forms an included angle of 20-40 degrees with a horizontal plane, the inclined screen is located above a water outlet, and the diameter of the inclined screen is 2-10 mm.
5. The high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment method for enhancing cassiterite crushing and sorting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), as the cassiterite ore is crushed and discharged from the screen, the cassiterite ore on the screen is gradually reduced; the high-voltage electrode gradually descends under the action of the elastic force of the spring until the upper fixing block is contacted with the lower fixing block, and at the moment, a gap is reserved between the high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage cathode to prevent short circuit.
6. The high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment method for strengthening cassiterite crushing and sorting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the time interval between two adjacent discharges is a discharge period, and the pulse cone moves up and down once to form a pulse period; controlling the pulse period to be equal to the positive integral multiple of the discharge period by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor; the discharge period is changed along with the first-stage input voltage and the ball gap distance, wherein the first-stage input voltage is 45-90V, the ball gap distance is 15-30 mm, the pulse frequency per minute is 5-45 times, and the discharge period is 1/5-1/45 min.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the voltage of the power supply is 220V and the frequency is 50 Hz.
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