EP1652995A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stoffes mit Lotuseffekt und Stoffe, die einen Lotusblatteffekt aufweisen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stoffes mit Lotuseffekt und Stoffe, die einen Lotusblatteffekt aufweisen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1652995A1
EP1652995A1 EP05255883A EP05255883A EP1652995A1 EP 1652995 A1 EP1652995 A1 EP 1652995A1 EP 05255883 A EP05255883 A EP 05255883A EP 05255883 A EP05255883 A EP 05255883A EP 1652995 A1 EP1652995 A1 EP 1652995A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fabrics
fabric
treatment
lotus leaf
leaf effect
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05255883A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Young Chin Chen
Hsing-Nan Chung
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Formosa Taffeta Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Formosa Taffeta Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Formosa Taffeta Co Ltd filed Critical Formosa Taffeta Co Ltd
Publication of EP1652995A1 publication Critical patent/EP1652995A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/395—Isocyanates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
    • D06M10/02—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements ultrasonic or sonic; Corona discharge
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
    • D06M10/02—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements ultrasonic or sonic; Corona discharge
    • D06M10/025—Corona discharge or low temperature plasma
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/08—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/244—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D06M15/256—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/643—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/05—Lotus effect

Definitions

  • the subject invention relates to a method for surface treatment of fabrics. Specifically, the subject invention relates to a method for preparing fabrics having a lotus leaf effect. The subject invention also relates to fabrics having a lotus leaf effect.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing fabrics having a lotus leaf effect.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide fabrics having a lotus leaf effect.
  • the present invention relates to a method for preparing a fabric having a lotus leaf effect, comprising, after a dyeing step and a drying step, a surface treatment of the fabric including a surface modification of the fabric and a treatment of the fabric with a hydrophobic reagent.
  • the fabrics for use in the subject invention include synthetic fabrics (for example, polyester, polyamide, and polyethylene), natural fabrics (for example, cotton and rayon), or interweaved fabrics of synthetic fabrics and natural fabrics (for example, nylon/cotton and polyester/cotton).
  • the object of the surface modification is to increase the roughness of the surface of fabrics to enhance the contacting area between reagents containing hydrophobic groups and the fabrics such that the reagents containing hydrophobic groups can bond to the fabrics.
  • Any surface modification that can achieve the above object can be used for practicing the subject invention.
  • the examples of the surface modification include a plasma treatment, a corona treatment, a chemical etching treatment or an adhesive treatment.
  • the fabric is applied to a vacuum chamber (0.1 to 0.0001 torr) and suitable gas (for example air, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide or their combination) is applied into the vacuum chamber.
  • suitable gas for example air, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide or their combination
  • the surface of the fabric is subjected to a surface modification by introducing direct current, radio frequency or microwave excitation plasma of 50 to 1000 W for a period from 5 seconds to 600 seconds.
  • Suitable fabrics for conducting the plasma treatment are synthetic fibers, for example, polyester, polyethylene and polyamide.
  • the fabric is subjected to a surface modification with corona of 50 to 1000 W in atmosphere for a period from 5 seconds to 180 seconds.
  • Suitable fabrics for conducting the corona treatment are synthetic fibers, for example polyester, polyethylene and polyamide.
  • Natural fibers are subjected to a chemical etching treatment using an acid.
  • Synthetic fibers are subjected to a chemical etching treatment using a base, for example sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
  • the above etching treatments reduce the amount of fiber ranging from 0.5% to 30%.
  • Suitable fabrics for conducting the chemical etching treatment are synthetic fibers, for example polyester, and natural fibers, for example cotton.
  • the fabrics are immersed in a specific adhesive agent, for example a polyisocyanate (10 to 100 g/l) and then dried.
  • Preferable examples of polyisocyanate include, but not limited to, polyhexylisocyanate, polyoctylisocyanate, polynonylisocyanate and polydodecanylisocyanate.
  • Suitable fabrics for conducting the adhesive treatment are synthetic fabrics, for example polyester, and natural fabrics, for example cotton.
  • the fabrics which have been subjected to the surface modification are then treated by a hydrophobic reagent under a speed from 5 to 120 meter/min and at a temperature from 20°C to 170°C such that the hydrophobic reagent is intensely bonded onto the surface of the fabrics to result in a fabric having a lotus leaf effect.
  • Hydrophobic reagents are those commonly used in the textile field, for example silicone resins and fluorocarbons.
  • fluorocarbons are compounds of the formula R-X, wherein R is C 1 -C 15 alkyl, X is (CF 2 ) n , n is from 1 to 9.
  • Preferable fluorocarbons are compounds of the formula R-X, wherein R is C 5 -C 12 alkyl, X is (CF 2 ) n , n is from 2 to 7. More preferable fluorocarbons are compounds of the formula R-X, wherein R is C 7 -C 10 alkyl, X is (CF 2 ) n , n is from 3 to 6.
  • the fabrics having been subjected to the above treatments have a surface similar to lotus leaf such that it is difficult for stain or water droplet to adhere thereonto. Due to surface modification of the fabrics, the hydrophobic reagent bonded to the fabrics can endure laundry and has persistent waterproofing and stainproofing abilities.
  • conventional waterproofing or stainproofing treatment the fabrics are simply immersed in or coated with reagents to form a film thereon to achieve waterproofing or stainproofing ability.
  • the film formed on the fabrics is destroyed therefrom after being laundered for 25 times such that the fabrics totally lose the original waterproofing and stainproofing abilities.
  • the fabrics treated by the method of the present invention still retain excellent waterproofing and stainproofing abilities (for example tested by the procedures under AATCC test method 22) after being laundered for numerous times (for example, for 100 times or being treated under the procedures of JIS L02173-103). In other words, the fabrics of the present invention have a lotus leaf effect.
  • the method of preparing fabrics having a lotus leaf effect comprises, after a dyeing step and a drying step, a surface treatment of fabrics including a surface modification of fabrics and a treatment of fabrics with hydrophobic reagents.
  • the procedures of preparing the fabrics of the present invention comprise the steps of scouring, desizing, dyeing, drying, surface treatment, drying, maturing, post treatment.
  • the order of the steps can be adjusted or additional steps can be applied therebetween if the adjustment of order and the additional steps would not result in a negative influence on the waterproofing and stainproofing abilities of the fabrics.
  • a griege is scoured and desized under suitable conditions. For example, a griege having 400 to 600 yards/piece is scoured and desized for removing oil and impurities thereon.
  • the griege can be scoured and desized at a temperature, for example from 70°C to 110°C, preferably from 80°C to 110°C, and at a speed from 50 to 60 meters/min.
  • the griege after being desized is dyed with suitable dyes, for example, acid dyes, disperse dyes, cationic dyes, reactive dyes, indanthrene dyes and direct dyes, together with suitable dying auxiliaries in, for example, an air flow dyeing machine, a jigger dyeing machine, a winch dyeing machine, a beam dyeing machine, a jet dying machine, a rapid dyeing machine or a continuous dipping & padding dyeing machine under, for example, a temperature of 40°C to 170°C.
  • suitable dyes for example, acid dyes, disperse dyes, cationic dyes, reactive dyes, indanthrene dyes and direct dyes
  • suitable dying auxiliaries in, for example, an air flow dyeing machine, a jigger dyeing machine, a winch dyeing machine, a beam dyeing machine, a jet dying machine, a rapid dyeing machine or a continuous dipping & padding dyeing machine under, for example, a temperature of
  • the griege coming from the dyeing step is dried at a temperature from 50°C to 210°C and a speed from 5 to 80 meters/min.
  • the griege coming from the drying step is subjected to a surface treatment.
  • the griege is treated by a surface modification selected from plasma treatment, corona treatment, chemical etching treatment or adhesive treatment depending on the species of the fabrics.
  • the griege is then treated by a hydrophobic reagent at a temperature from 20°C to 170°C and a speed from 5 to 120 meters/min.
  • the griege coming from the surface treatment step is dried at a temperature from 50°C to 210°C and a speed from 5 to 80 meters/min.
  • the griege coming from the drying step is applied into an oven at a temperature from 90°C to 170°C and a speed from 5 to 90 meters/min such that the griege is matured to a fabric which is more secured.
  • the fabric can be optionally subjected to a final treatment, for example softening, cold-hot calendering, coating, lamination, and special waterproofing.
  • a final treatment for example softening, cold-hot calendering, coating, lamination, and special waterproofing.
  • the fabric can be delivered to a tank containing a softening agent to conduct the softening treatment.
  • the fabric is delivered to a machine at a suitable speed (for example 35 to 55 meter/min), a suitable height (60 to 100 mm, for example 80 mm), a suitable angle (45° to 135°, for example, 90°), a suitable temperature (110°C to 130°C, for example 120°C) to conduct the waterproofing treatment.
  • the fabric is then stored for a suitable period of time to effect crosslinking.
  • the fabric can be optionally subjected to a final setting to obtain the final product.
  • AATCC test method 22 is directed to a method for testing water-repellency of fabrics.
  • a fabric having a lotus leaf effect prepared by the present invention is laundered in a domestic washing machine under the procedures of JIS L02173-103, dried, and cut into a test specimen of 18 x 18 cm.
  • the specimen is conditioned at 65 ⁇ 2% relative humidity and 21 ⁇ 1°C for a minimum of 4 hours before testing.
  • the specimen is then fastened securely in a metal hoop so that it presents a smooth, wrinkle-free surface.
  • the hoop is placed in a position that it presents an angle of 45° with the stand of the tester.
  • a funnel is positioned 15.2 cm above the center of the specimen. An amount of 250 ml of distilled water at 27 ⁇ 1°C is poured into the funnel and is allowed to be sprayed onto the test specimen for 25 to 30 seconds.
  • a griege of 450 ⁇ 50 yards/piece is subjected to a scouring treatment and desizing treatment at a temperature of about 90°C and at a speed of 50 meters/min. Then, the griege is dyed and dried at a temperature of about 110°C and is treated by radio frequency of 500W in a vacuum chamber for 250 seconds to effect surface modification. After that, the griege is treated by a fluorocarbon compound having a formula of R-X wherein R is C 10 alkyl and X is (CF 2 ) 3 at a speed of 20 meters/min and at a temperature of 60°C and is then dried at a temperature of 110°C. Finally, the griege is matured at a temperature of 160°C to form a fabric having a lotus leaf effect.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
EP05255883A 2004-10-28 2005-09-22 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stoffes mit Lotuseffekt und Stoffe, die einen Lotusblatteffekt aufweisen Withdrawn EP1652995A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200410086246.1A CN100585059C (zh) 2004-10-28 2004-10-28 具有荷叶效应的织物的制备及具有荷叶效应的织物

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1652995A1 true EP1652995A1 (de) 2006-05-03

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EP05255883A Withdrawn EP1652995A1 (de) 2004-10-28 2005-09-22 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stoffes mit Lotuseffekt und Stoffe, die einen Lotusblatteffekt aufweisen

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP1652995A1 (de)
CN (1) CN100585059C (de)
HK (1) HK1089800A1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8349748B2 (en) 2007-03-06 2013-01-08 Formosa Taffeta Co., Ltd. Fabrics having soil resistance and no oil stains after wiping and manufacturing method thereof
CN104452011A (zh) * 2014-12-25 2015-03-25 浙江三星特种纺织股份有限公司 一种用于制作运动鞋鞋面的pvc包覆丝及其生产工艺
US9593443B2 (en) 2012-11-28 2017-03-14 Crayola Llc Compositions and methods for embossing and debossing fabrics
CN115538150A (zh) * 2022-09-22 2022-12-30 韶关学院 一种超疏水-超亲油织物及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101260614B (zh) * 2007-03-06 2011-01-12 福懋兴业股份有限公司 具防油污且擦拭后无油渍痕功效的织物及其制备方法
CN104179000B (zh) * 2014-09-12 2015-12-02 王朗 一种防水纺织物的制造方法
CN104878617A (zh) * 2015-05-15 2015-09-02 安踏（中国）有限公司 一种无氟防水梭织面料的生产方法
CN115142179A (zh) * 2022-06-30 2022-10-04 福建华峰新材料有限公司 经编间隔大提花一体织防水鞋材面料及其制造方法和应用

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4400424A (en) * 1981-06-24 1983-08-23 Toray Industries, Inc. Fabrics having an excellent color developing property and a process for producing the same involving plasma treatment and an aftercoat
JPH03180571A (ja) * 1989-12-08 1991-08-06 Unitika Ltd 繊維構造物の深色加工法
JPH04174769A (ja) * 1990-04-27 1992-06-22 Unitika Ltd 獣毛繊維製品の防縮撥水加工方
JPH1088473A (ja) * 1996-09-12 1998-04-07 Toray Ind Inc 高密度嵩高布帛の製造方法
JP3062267B2 (ja) * 1991-03-01 2000-07-10 株式会社クラレ 繊維構造物

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4400424A (en) * 1981-06-24 1983-08-23 Toray Industries, Inc. Fabrics having an excellent color developing property and a process for producing the same involving plasma treatment and an aftercoat
JPH03180571A (ja) * 1989-12-08 1991-08-06 Unitika Ltd 繊維構造物の深色加工法
JPH04174769A (ja) * 1990-04-27 1992-06-22 Unitika Ltd 獣毛繊維製品の防縮撥水加工方
JP3062267B2 (ja) * 1991-03-01 2000-07-10 株式会社クラレ 繊維構造物
JPH1088473A (ja) * 1996-09-12 1998-04-07 Toray Ind Inc 高密度嵩高布帛の製造方法

Non-Patent Citations (4)

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Title
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199137, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A26, AN 1991-271826, XP002367573 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 200037, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A14, AN 1993-014699, XP002367572 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 016, no. 479 (C - 0992) 6 October 1992 (1992-10-06) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 09 31 July 1998 (1998-07-31) *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8349748B2 (en) 2007-03-06 2013-01-08 Formosa Taffeta Co., Ltd. Fabrics having soil resistance and no oil stains after wiping and manufacturing method thereof
US9593443B2 (en) 2012-11-28 2017-03-14 Crayola Llc Compositions and methods for embossing and debossing fabrics
US9982385B2 (en) 2012-11-28 2018-05-29 Crayola Llc Compositions and methods for embossing and debossing fabrics
CN104452011A (zh) * 2014-12-25 2015-03-25 浙江三星特种纺织股份有限公司 一种用于制作运动鞋鞋面的pvc包覆丝及其生产工艺
CN115538150A (zh) * 2022-09-22 2022-12-30 韶关学院 一种超疏水-超亲油织物及其制备方法
CN115538150B (zh) * 2022-09-22 2024-03-29 韶关学院 一种超疏水-超亲油织物及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HK1089800A1 (en) 2006-12-08
CN1766222A (zh) 2006-05-03
CN100585059C (zh) 2010-01-27

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