EP1647770B1 - Procédé pour influencer la qualité de résidus d'incinération d'une installation d'incinération - Google Patents

Procédé pour influencer la qualité de résidus d'incinération d'une installation d'incinération Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1647770B1
EP1647770B1 EP05021820.5A EP05021820A EP1647770B1 EP 1647770 B1 EP1647770 B1 EP 1647770B1 EP 05021820 A EP05021820 A EP 05021820A EP 1647770 B1 EP1647770 B1 EP 1647770B1
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Prior art keywords
combustion
residues
combustion residues
fuel
important
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EP05021820.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1647770A3 (fr
EP1647770A2 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Martin
Oliver Dr. Gohlke
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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Priority to PL05021820T priority Critical patent/PL1647770T3/pl
Publication of EP1647770A2 publication Critical patent/EP1647770A2/fr
Publication of EP1647770A3 publication Critical patent/EP1647770A3/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/106—Combustion in two or more stages with recirculation of unburned solid or gaseous matter into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F23G2207/1015—Heat pattern monitoring of flames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/20—Waste supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/60—Additives supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55009—Controlling stoker grate speed or vibrations for waste movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/20—Camera viewing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for influencing the properties of combustion residues from an incinerator, in particular a waste incineration plant, in which the fuel is burned on a furnace grate and accumulating ungeschmölzene and / or unsintered combustion residues are fed back into the combustion process.
  • the combustion residues usually come from the ash content of the fuel and fall as a grate ash - often called slag - in the purifier. But it can also be fly ash from the boiler or the exhaust filter system.
  • the Rostaschen can also contain metals, glass or ceramic parts. A method of this kind is known from DE 102 13 788.9 A1 known.
  • the combustion control is performed so that in the combustion bed of the main combustion zone, a portion of the combustion residues melts and / or sintered and the non-melted and / or sintered combustion residues are deposited at the end of the combustion process and fed back to the combustion process. Furthermore, it is from the EP 0 862 019 B1 It is known to dose aerated dusts into the high temperature region of the incinerator in which the temperature is above the melting or sintering temperature of the flue dusts. The dosage The fly ash occurs there depending on particular combustion conditions in which to a greater extent toxic organic pollutants such as PCDD / PCDF and / or precursor compounds, ie precursor compounds of PCDD and PCDF arise.
  • toxic organic pollutants such as PCDD / PCDF and / or precursor compounds, ie precursor compounds of PCDD and PCDF arise.
  • Non-molten and / or sintered combustion residues in the form of slag fine fraction have, for example, higher calcium oxide contents and lower iron oxide contents than the average composition of the combustion residues. That means that through the appropriate DE 102 13 788.9 A1 made recirculation of slag fine fraction of the mean lime content of combustion residues may increase over time.
  • the combustion parameters are to be understood here to be those quantities which are not set directly via control devices but result from the combustion conditions. These include eg fuel bed temperature, combustion chamber temperature, steam production and O2 content in the exhaust gas.
  • the fuel composition (calorific value, Water content, ash content) is considered as a combustion parameter because it can not be directly influenced or adjusted in the case of waste.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method by means of which the sintering and / or melting process of substantially all solid combustion residues in the fuel bed can be ensured.
  • the selected fractions of the combustion residues have a particle size of 2 mm to 10 mm.
  • scrap metal and in particular iron scrap is used as an additive.
  • This scrap can be recovered from the grate ash by known separation techniques or from an external source.
  • the metal scrap is comminuted prior to addition.
  • the crushed metal scrap can have a grain size of 1 to 20 mm.
  • the combustion or partial combustion of this scrap produces metal oxides and locally strong heat releases, which have an advantageous effect on the melting and sintering behavior impact. This is especially the case when the basicity of the combustion residues is thereby reduced.
  • x is the molar fraction of the oxidic constituent based on an average composition of the combustion residues.
  • a particularly preferred type of recycling is given when the addition of scrap metal is metered so that the basicity B of the combustion residues is between 0.3 and 0.7.
  • a preferred type of metal scrap addition is given when the basicity of the combustion residues is controlled by the intensity of comminution of the scrap added as an aggregate or recycled. In this case, for example, the crushing of the metal scrap is intensified if the basicity of the combustion residues is above a predetermined threshold between 0.3 and 0.7.
  • the return of the combustion residues can be carried out directly into the combustion chamber. It is advantageous if the recirculation of the combustion residues takes place on the Feuerungsrost.
  • a particularly preferred type of recycling is given when the recirculation of the combustion residues is carried out on the feed table.
  • the influencing of the combustion process can be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner by observing a significant combustion parameter which can be seen in the position of the burn-out zone. For example, if the burnout zone travels toward the discharge end of the furnace grate, which is a consequence of the decreasing calorific value of the fuel / residue mixture present on the furnace grate, then less combustion residue will be added. In contrast, the amount of combustion residue to be recycled can be increased as the burnout zone migrates toward the feed end.
  • An essential combustion condition is the fuel mass applied per unit time.
  • an important combustion parameter is the fuel calorific value and also the moisture and the ash content of the fuel.
  • the moisture of the fuel can be determined before reaching the combustion chamber, for example, by using a microwave detector, which is arranged in the region of the feed chute for the fuel. At high moisture content decreases with the same composition of the fuel whose calorific value, so that less combustion residues can be led back and vice versa.
  • combustion parameter is the height of the fuel bed temperature and the temperature distribution on the fuel bed. This combustion parameter can z. B. be monitored by means of an infrared camera. Higher temperatures of the fuel bed give the possibility of recycling higher amounts of combustion residues and vice versa.
  • Another essential combustion condition is the amount of combustion air, both the primary and the secondary combustion air amount and optionally the amount of recirculated exhaust gas.
  • Another essential combustion condition is the temperature of the combustion air, which is set by means of an air preheater, for example.
  • the combustion process can be greatly influenced, as can be exercised over the regulation of the oxygen content, a significant influence on the primary combustion and in particular on the fuel bed temperature.
  • combustion air supply Another essential combustion condition is the location of the combustion air supply.
  • a particularly sensitive control can be achieved in that the combustion grate is subdivided both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction into several sub-wind zones, which are acted upon by respectively adjusted amounts of primary air and oxygen.
  • Another essential combustion condition with which the combustion process can be significantly influenced is the speed of rusting and the rusting rate Duration of the stoke resulting in the recirculation rate of the fuel within the fuel bed.
  • a reverse slide inclined in the direction of the discharge end in which, for example, every second step of the grate can be moved and the intermediate grate steps are made stationary.
  • the fuel is constantly circulated on its way from the task end to the discharge end, so that fuel parts that were on the top of the fuel bed for a certain length of stay, get down again on the rust, creating a good mixing of already glowing fuel with fresh abandoned fuel in the initial area and good ventilation and loosening in the lower area, towards the discharge end, located area is achieved.
  • the heat release and on the other hand the pollutant emission can be used, which influence these tolerance limits.
  • FIG. 1 1,000 kilograms of garbage, with an ash content of 220 kg, are fed to a grate firing process and burned in such a way that a proportion of 25 to 75% of the incineration residues produced is already converted into fully sintered slag.
  • the total combustion residues, including those already returned are 340 kg. Of these 320 kg fall into a wet slagger, and are deleted in this and discharged.
  • a separation process which includes a screening and optionally a washing process and a magnetic metal deposition, 190 kg of fully sintered inert material and 30 kg of scrap iron are separated.
  • the granules and part of the scrap iron are sent for recycling.
  • the amount of scrap iron that is recycled depends on the basicity of the combustion residues.
  • 3a designates a controllable drive device which makes it possible to regulate the feed quantity as a function of a combustion parameter.
  • the fuel designated 5 falls on a grate. 6, which is designed as a backward grating and performs by a drive 7 Schürschien.
  • the drive 7 acts on the transmission member 8 with which each second grate stage is connected, so that each stationary grate stage is followed by a stationary grate stage.
  • a control device 7a allows a controllable drive in order to be able to regulate the speed of quenching as a function of other combustion parameters.
  • five different sub-chambers 9a - 9e are provided in the longitudinal direction, which also still divided in each case in the transverse direction are so that the primary combustion air can be adjusted in terms of quantity and distribution to the respective requirements on the firing grate.
  • the supply of the primary combustion air via a schematically indicated blower 10 and the control of the amount of combustion air via not shown valves in the individual supply lines 11a - 11e.
  • the control of the amount of combustion air takes place via a control device designated 10a.
  • 12 and 13 are secondary air nozzles, which emanate from a supply line 14 and 15 and introduce secondary air into the combustion chamber 4.
  • the slag and other combustion residues fall into a wet slagger 16, from which they are fed to a separating device 17.
  • the non-sintered or unmelted residual slag is then added via a line 18 in the task area above the feed table 3 the fuel and thus passes back to the Feuerungsrost.
  • the designated 17 separating device should only in a schematic way in connection with FIG. 1 symbolize the explained separation process.
  • An infrared camera 19 monitors the combustion process on the Feuerungsrost 6.
  • a central control unit 20 influences various control devices 3a for controlling the task amount, 7a for the Schür embod, 10a for the primary air amount and 21 a for the amount of oxygen via a distributor 21 the individual primary air chambers 9a - 9e is supplied.
  • the control device 3a is influenced via a central control unit 20, for example, in order to control the feed quantity. Furthermore, it is possible, starting from this central control unit, to influence the control device 10a to change the amount of combustion air. Another influencing possibility, starting from the central control unit 20, is the ability to influence the control device 7a in order to change the speed of warping.
  • a controller 21a which is also influenced by the control unit 20, regulates the amount of oxygen that can be supplied to the individual sub-chambers 9a - 9e.
  • the control unit 20 regulates the amount of oxygen that can be supplied to the individual sub-chambers 9a - 9e.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (28)

  1. Procédé pour influencer la qualité de résidus d'incinération d'une installation d'incinération, notamment d'une installation d'incinération de déchets, pour laquelle le combustible est brûlé sur une grille de combustion et les résidus d'incinération non fondus et/ou non frittés tombant dans le décrasseur sont réacheminés à cet effet vers le processus d'incinération, caractérisé en ce que les opérations de fusion et/ou de frittage sont réglées dans un lit de combustion par l'étape de procédé suivante :
    - le réacheminement n'est effectué que pendant un temps et selon une façon dans lesquels les modifications ainsi conditionnées des paramètres d'incinération essentiels se situent dans les limites de tolérances préalablement définies.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les conditions d'incinération du processus d'incinération sont précisément modifiées pour s'opposer aux variations du paramètre d'incinération conditionnées par le réacheminement.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la composition matérielle des résidus d'incinération est modifiée par un réacheminement des fractions sélectionnées des résidus d'incinération de telle sorte que l'opération de fusion et/ou de frittage des résidus d'incinération est influencée.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les fractions sélectionnées des résidus d'incinération comportent une granulométrie de 2 mm à 10 mm.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la composition matérielle des résidus d'incinération est modifiée en ajoutant des produits d'addition de telle manière que l'opération de fusion et/ou de frittage des résidus d'incinération est influencée.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise des déchets métalliques et notamment des déchets de fer comme produits d'addition.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que les déchets métalliques sont broyés avant addition.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les déchets métalliques broyés comportent une granulométrie de 1 à 20 mm.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le réacheminement des résidus d'incinération a lieu directement dans la chambre d'incinération.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le réacheminement des résidus d'incinération a lieu sur la grille de combustion.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le réacheminement des résidus d'incinération a lieu sur la table de chargement.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'un paramètre d'incinération essentiel est la position de la zone de combustion.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3 à 11 si elles dépendent de la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une condition d'incinération essentielle est la masse de combustible chargée selon l'unité de temps.
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu 'un paramètre d'incinération essentiel est le pouvoir calorifique du combustible.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu 'un paramètre d'incinération essentiel est l'humidité du combustible.
  16. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu 'un paramètre d'incinération essentiel est l'importance de la température du lit de combustion et la répartition de température sur le lit de combustion.
  17. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3 à 11 si elles dépendent de la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu 'une condition d'incinération essentielle est la quantité d'air d'incinération.
  18. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3 à 11 si elles dépendent de la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une condition d'incinération essentielle est la température de l'air d'incinération.
  19. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3 à 11 si elles dépendent de la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une condition d'incinération essentielle est la teneur en oxygène de l'air d'incinération.
  20. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3 à 11 si elles dépendent de la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une condition d'incinération essentielle est le lieu de l'alimentation en air d'incinération.
  21. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3 à 11 si elles dépendent de la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une condition d'incinération essentielle est la vitesse d'attisage, c'est-à-dire la vitesse de circulation du combustible à l'intérieur du lit de combustion.
  22. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3 à 11 si elles dépendent de la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les limites de tolérance sont influencées par le dégagement de chaleur.
  23. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les limites de tolérance sont influencées par l'émission de polluants.
  24. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 ou 6 à 11 si elles dépendent de la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la quantité et le type de produits d'addition ou des fractions sélectivement réacheminées de résidus d'incinération sont choisis en fonction de la composition des résidus d'incinération.
  25. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 ou 6 à 11 si elles dépendent de la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la quantité et le type de produits d'addition ou des fractions sélectivement réacheminées de résidus d'incinération sont choisis en fonction de la basicité des résidus d'incinération.
  26. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'à une basicité supérieure à une limite de tolérance à choisir se situant entre 0,3 et 0,7, la quantité de déchets métalliques réacheminés ou séparés des cendres de grillage et réacheminés est augmentée et la quantité est réduite en conséquence en dessous de cette limite de tolérance.
  27. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu 'à un pouvoir calorifique décroissant du mélange combustible/résidus se trouvant sur la grille de combustion, moins de résidus d'incinération sont réacheminés.
  28. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu 'à un pouvoir calorifique de combustible décroissant moins de résidus d'incinération sont réacheminés et inversement.
EP05021820.5A 2004-10-14 2005-10-06 Procédé pour influencer la qualité de résidus d'incinération d'une installation d'incinération Active EP1647770B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL05021820T PL1647770T3 (pl) 2004-10-14 2005-10-06 Sposób wpływania na właściwości pozostałości po spalaniu ze spalarni

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004050098A DE102004050098B4 (de) 2004-10-14 2004-10-14 Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere Abfallverbrennungsanlage

Publications (3)

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EP1647770A2 EP1647770A2 (fr) 2006-04-19
EP1647770A3 EP1647770A3 (fr) 2008-05-14
EP1647770B1 true EP1647770B1 (fr) 2017-05-10

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US (1) US7640872B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1647770B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4707527B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2523376C (fr)
DE (1) DE102004050098B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK1647770T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2635098T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO335849B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL1647770T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2005131829A (fr)
SG (2) SG121993A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW200622149A (fr)

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DE102006026434B3 (de) 2006-06-07 2007-12-13 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Schlackequalität von Rostfeuerungsanlagen
RU2415339C2 (ru) 2008-05-29 2011-03-27 Мартин ГмбХ Фюр Умвельт-Унд Энергитехник Установка для сжигания и способ регулирования установки для сжигания
AT512353A1 (de) * 2012-01-11 2013-07-15 Siemens Ag Oesterreich Verfahren zur regelung einer verbrennungs- und/oder vergasungseinrichtung

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PL1647770T3 (pl) 2017-10-31
SG121993A1 (en) 2006-05-26
DK1647770T3 (en) 2017-08-28
EP1647770A3 (fr) 2008-05-14
ES2635098T3 (es) 2017-10-02
NO335849B1 (no) 2015-03-09
NO20054667D0 (no) 2005-10-11
DE102004050098A1 (de) 2006-04-20
SG170095A1 (en) 2011-04-29
TW200622149A (en) 2006-07-01
EP1647770A2 (fr) 2006-04-19
JP2006118853A (ja) 2006-05-11
DE102004050098B4 (de) 2007-05-31
JP4707527B2 (ja) 2011-06-22
TWI366649B (fr) 2012-06-21
US20060081161A1 (en) 2006-04-20
CA2523376C (fr) 2009-09-22
RU2005131829A (ru) 2007-04-20
NO20054667L (no) 2006-04-18
CA2523376A1 (fr) 2006-04-14
US7640872B2 (en) 2010-01-05

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