EP1359374B1 - Procédé de traitement de résidues d'une installation d'incinération - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement de résidues d'une installation d'incinération Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1359374B1
EP1359374B1 EP03001179A EP03001179A EP1359374B1 EP 1359374 B1 EP1359374 B1 EP 1359374B1 EP 03001179 A EP03001179 A EP 03001179A EP 03001179 A EP03001179 A EP 03001179A EP 1359374 B1 EP1359374 B1 EP 1359374B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fraction
combustion
wet
residues
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP03001179A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1359374A1 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Martin
Oliver Dr. Gohlke
Joachim Horn
Michael Busch
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Publication of EP1359374A1 publication Critical patent/EP1359374A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/04—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for furnace residues, smeltings, or foundry slags
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/08—Liquid slag removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/106—Combustion in two or more stages with recirculation of unburned solid or gaseous matter into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/30—Solid combustion residues, e.g. bottom or flyash

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of treatment combustion residues of an incinerator, in particular Waste incineration plant where the fuel burned on a grate, and the resulting Combustion residue by appropriate regulation of Combustion be brought to an elevated temperature. It is also distinguished whether the accumulating Slag in their main recyclable fraction a small Proportion of leachable pollutants, or whether the accumulating slag in their main recyclable fraction high proportion of leachable pollutants.
  • molten Combustion residues Due to the high temperatures in the treatment of Combustion residues in a smelting stage are molten Combustion residues due to low levels of organic Compounds marked, while typical Slags from waste incineration plants still unburned, usually measured as loss on ignition, from 1 to 5% by weight show the loss on ignition of molten combustion residues at below 0.3 wt .-%.
  • molten Combustion residues due to small proportions characterized by leachable salts and heavy metals, because these either evaporated or in the case of cooling the Melt forming glass matrix are involved.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method in the combustion process is so influenced and regulated will that a completely sintered slag with the desired Quality without the use of downstream Additional equipment or accessories in the form of Melting or glazing units or downstream special rusting is obtained, and at a low apparativen Expense the disadvantages of dust development of Be avoided and aeration of the firebox low consumption of water is made possible.
  • a "completely sintered slag" becomes a material understood that consists of sintered and / or melted chunks, typically a grain size of at least 2 to 8 mm. These chunks consist of combustion residues of garbage by complete or superficial Melting are agglomerated.
  • the sintered or smelted pieces may be due to gas release during sintering or melting quite a porous Have structure.
  • the possible porosity of the fully sintered Slag is due to the fact that the temperature the molten slag in the fuel bed is not high is enough to have a sufficiently low viscosity and thus to cause expulsion of gas bubbles, which in the Glass technology is also referred to as Läutern. This is different the completely sintered slag of typical vitrified slags that are in downstream high-temperature process in crucible furnaces lined with refractory material or other melt aggregates.
  • the fully sintered slag can also constituents of waste, such as glass or metals, containing of the combustion process largely unaffected the Walk through grate, so in the narrower sense in the fuel bed neither melted nor sintered, but in terms of Burnout and leachable pollutants the desired properties have.
  • sintering is equivalent to Hämmerli (garbage and waste 31, Supplement Disposal of slags and other residues, Page 142, 1994) as a special case of melting and freezing.
  • Sintering is often used in science Application of this term as “superficial fusion or fusing together of particles. "The chunks of sinter The completely sintered slag can also be completely or partially melted.
  • Residual slag will be the slag constituents below not sintered and / or melted are. Residual slag is characterized by a comparison to completely sintered slag smaller grain size as well higher loss on ignition and proportion of leachable pollutants.
  • the above object is based on the above explained method depending on the composition of the fuel solved in two different ways.
  • the first way according to the invention is that the Combustion control is performed so that already in the upper Area of the fuel bed of the main combustion zone is a sintering and / or melting the combustion residues to slag takes place that the resulting combustion residues deleted altogether in a wet slagger and be brought out of this, that out the wet slagger coming wet combustion residues first by a mechanical separation process in two Fractions are split, which is essentially a Coarse fraction and a major fraction containing oversize fraction with withdrawn from the wet slag water washed and thereby separated smaller parts separated and that the washing water with the during the washing process absorbed finer parts of the wet slagger is supplied.
  • the invention comprises two main areas, one of which Main area in the combustion control and the second Main area in the mechanical processing of the by the Combustion process obtained combustion residues consists.
  • This second main area comprises two process variants, which depend on the composition of the fuel.
  • the first main area is for both subsequent process variants in terms of mechanical processing Consistent and is the combustion process on the firing grate so influence that already one Sintering and / or melting process on the grate in the main combustion zone takes place and that each not yet sintered or molten combustion residues be traced back to the second or third pass the desired sintering and / or To experience melting.
  • the focus of the inventive concept is therefore the sintering and / or melting process of the combustion residues already in the fuel bed of the main combustion zone, which was not thought possible until now. It is namely for mechanical firing grates extremely harmful, if liquid slag between the individual grate bars or Other movable parts of the Feuerungsrostes arrives. Out For this reason one has a melting of the slag on the Avoided rust and made sure that in the fuel bed the Melting temperature of the slag is not reached.
  • the sintered and / or melting in the upper part of the fuel bed instead, because from the top the largest heat effect by the Radiation of the flame body takes place and from below by supplying relatively cold primary combustion air the Temperature of the directly on the Feuerungsrost lying Material can be kept lower than on the top of the fuel bed. Because with such a combustion control not the entire incipient combustion residues in a completely sintered slag with the desired Quality can be converted, those are Combustion residue, which does not yet have the character of completely sintered slag, the combustion process fed again.
  • the task is solved by the Combustion control is performed so that already in the upper Area of the fuel bed of the main combustion zone is a sintering and / or melting the combustion residues to slag takes place that the resulting combustion residues deleted altogether in a wet slagger and be brought out of this, that out the wet slagger coming wet combustion residues first by a mechanical separation process in two Fractions are split, after which the separated in the essentially a coarse fraction and oversize fraction Main fraction subjected to a crushing process and then withdrawn from the wet slagger Water is washed and that the washing water the During washing washed finer parts of the wet slagger is supplied.
  • the crushing of the main fraction has the consequence that in the subsequent washing process those in the combustion residues in the larger parts washed out pollutants and thus from the recyclable main fraction can be separated, thereby despite heavier loading of these combustion residues with pollutants a large proportion of combustion residues can be recovered as recyclable slag, without later with the washing out of pollutants in larger scale must be expected.
  • an oxygen enrichment of the primary combustion air to about 25 vol .-% to 40 vol .-% is made.
  • Another advantageous measure is that a preheating the primary air temperature to values of approx. 100 ° C to 400 ° C is performed. These measures may vary depending on Conditions are used separately or combined. Preferably, depending on the nature of the Burning the fuel bed temperature in the main combustion zone set to 1,000 ° C to 1,400 ° C.
  • the resulting in the mechanical separation ultrafine fraction and fine fraction are in a further embodiment of the invention fed to the combustion process. These fractions are again subjected to a combustion process, thus reducing the possibility of melting and sintering consists of these fractions.
  • the level can be maintained in the wet slagger, because of the discharged amount of combustion residues always water is mitabdress, reducing the amount of water in the wet slag decreases and filled up anyway would have to be. Since the water coming from the final rinse has only low calcium and sulphate contents not the risk of clogging pipes or nozzles.
  • the main fraction still large proportions of an oversize fraction which usually has a high scrap content possesses, in a further embodiment of the invention the coarse fraction another mechanical separation process be subjected.
  • the ultrafine fraction is about one grain size from 0 to 2mm
  • the coarse fraction with a grain size of 8 to 32mm and the oversize fraction are at a grain size over 32mm
  • these values are only for better understanding of a Groborient ist provided, of course each fraction a certain proportion of the underlying may contain finer fraction, as long as the finer fraction is of secondary importance.
  • the Fine fraction coming directly from the purifier and having a grain size of about 2-8 mm, those Proportion of combustion residues, preferably the Combustion process is fed back.
  • the second Process variant is, however, by the crushing process obtained a grain fraction, this fine fraction in the core distribution, but in terms of quality has a higher standard for reuse, so that this fine fraction called quality fine fraction can be.
  • a separation limit of 32mm is maintained, that is, if so the oversize fraction is deposited, so it is recommended to use a second mechanical Provide separation, which then for example at 8mm, with all parts that are smaller than 8mm, again be supplied to the combustion process.
  • the main fraction which is an oversize fraction and coarse fraction this way, not only from the big ones Scrap parts, but also from all other metal parts be released, which supplied to a separate recycling become.
  • the oversize fraction another crushing process to submit, as parts, for example larger than 32mm are little for this purpose are suitable.
  • the separated from the main fraction coarse fraction with the crushed combustion residues from the oversize crushing mixed to a first mixed fraction become. It may turn out to be appropriate that the mixed fraction a mechanical separation process is subjected, as in the crushing process, such Grain sizes incurred, which is undesirable for further utilization are and, for example, the combustion process should be returned.
  • the second Mixed fraction washed with water from the wet slagger and the ultrafine fraction is separated, it is ensured that the proportions below 2mm grain size, often particularly heavily polluted, of the recoverable Shares are separated.
  • This laundry can conveniently on a sieve with a sieve passage 8mm or smaller.
  • the slag water in connection with these fines and fine steels is the Wet slag fed again.
  • the washed slag is deducted and for recovery, for example in Road construction, used.
  • the deposited during the screening Fine fraction with a mass of about 100kg usually becomes again given to the grate firing, to a more extensive To achieve sintering. But it is also possible this Contribute to other treatment methods.
  • 40 liters Inlet water or fresh water are supplied to the To compensate for water loss in the wet slagger by it occurs that the combustion residues in the discharge Of course, liquid from the wet slagger carry.
  • a final rinse with fresh water which with a quantity of 80 liters the 200kg of the main fraction added in order to free them from adhering components, from the wet treatment by the water from the Wet slag originate.
  • 40 liters of this rinse liquid be used for waste gas purification or other disposal, diverted, while another 40 liters the wet slagger be supplied to compensate for the loss of water. The way cleaned slag can be recycled become.
  • FIG. 3 shows a variant of the method according to the invention.
  • this modified process will be 1000kg of garbage an ash content of 220kg fed to a grate firing.
  • This wet slag becomes combustion residues deducted on the order of 336kg.
  • the weight gain is due to fine particles that over the Slag water recycling fed to the wet slagger become.
  • the wet slagger will be 40 liters of water as Balancing supplied for the discharged water.
  • the 336kg Slag or incineration residues reach a sieve with a separation grain size of 32mm.
  • the oversize fraction with a grain size of> 32mm is first a metal deposit fed.
  • the accumulating slag enters a crusher to slag of the order of 8mm to obtain.
  • This slag so obtained will be on another Sieve brought with a separation grain diameter of 8mm.
  • this mechanical separation will be 100kg slag or Combustion residues with a grain diameter of ⁇ 8mm deducted and preferably the grate firing again fed.
  • the remaining coarse fraction becomes a metal deposit fed.
  • the obtained metal parts and the metal parts of the metal deposit from that described above Process step are merged and a wet treatment fed to adhering slag parts rinse. This will be 20kg of ferrous and non-ferrous metals obtained, which are recycled.
  • the scrapped Slag or coarse fraction with a grain size of 8 to 32mm has a weight of 215kg.
  • 60kg of this are fed to a crusher and to a grain size> 2mm crushed.
  • the crushed Mass fed to the main stream of 155kg and a wet treatment on a sieve with 2mm cut size.
  • the washing water is used in an amount of 1000 liters taken from the wet slagger.
  • 155kg slag with a grain size of 8 to 32mm and a finer proportion of 45kg with a grain diameter from 2 to 8mm in front. These two factions will be recycled, while fines, the one Diameter of less than 2mm, the wet slagger be fed again.
  • the flowchart of Figure 4 shows the basic variant, accordingly FIG. 1, in conjunction with the addition of a precipitant for soluble heavy metals.
  • This precipitant is added to the wet slag to reduce the lead content of the Purifier water of usually 2mg / l to 0,05mg / l too reduce. This reduces the cargo of dissolved lead on 1mg, which with about 201 adhering slag water 200kg of wet-treated slag is present.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Claims (24)

  1. Procédé de traitement de résidus d'incinération qui proviennent d'une installation d'incinération et en particulier d'une installation d'incinération de déchets, dans lequel le combustible est brûlé sur une grille de combustion, les résidus d'incinération ainsi produits étant amenés à une température élevée par une régulation appropriée de l'incinération, les scories produites présentant dans leur fraction principale valorisable une faible proportion de substances novices lavables, caractérisé en ce que la régulation de l'incinération est conduite de telle sorte qu'une opération de frittage et/ou de fusion des résidus d'incinération en scories a déjà lieu dans la partie supérieure du lit de combustion de la zone d'incinération principale, en ce que les résidus d'incinération produits sont éteints globalement dans un séparateur de scories par voie humide et sont extraits de ce dernier, en ce que les résidus d'incinération humides qui proviennent du séparateur de scories par voie humide sont d'abord divisés en deux fractions par une opération de séparation mécanique, suite à quoi la fraction principale qui présente essentiellement une fraction grossière et une fraction de refus supérieur est lavée avec de l'eau extraite du séparateur de scories par voie humide, les particules plus fines qui y adhèrent en étant ainsi séparées et en ce que l'eau de lavage est renvoyée dans le séparateur de scories par voie humide avec les particules plus fines entraínées lors de l'opération de lavage.
  2. Procédé de traitement de résidus d'incinération qui proviennent d'une installation d'incinération et en particulier d'une installation d'incinération de déchets, dans lequel le combustible est brûlé sur une grille de combustion, les résidus d'incinération ainsi produits étant amenés à une température élevée par une régulation appropriée de l'incinération, les scories produites présentant dans leur fraction principale valorisable une faible proportion de substances novices lavables, caractérisé en ce que la régulation de l'incinération est conduite de telle sorte qu'une opération de frittage et/ou de fusion des résidus d'incinération en scories a déjà lieu dans la partie supérieure du lit de combustion de la zone d'incinération principale, en ce que les résidus d'incinération produits sont éteints globalement dans un séparateur de scories par voie humide et sont extraits de ce dernier, en ce que les résidus d'incinération humides qui proviennent du séparateur de scories par voie humide sont d'abord divisés en deux fractions par une opération de séparation mécanique, suite à quoi la fraction principale séparée qui présente essentiellement une fraction grossière et une fraction de refus supérieur subit une opération de concassage et est ensuite lavée avec de l'eau extraite du séparateur de scories par voie humide et en ce que l'eau de lavage est renvoyée dans le séparateur de scories par voie humide avec les particules plus fines entraínées lors de l'opération de lavage.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la régulation de l'incinération comprend un enrichissement en oxygène de l'air comburant primaire de 25 % en volume à 40 % en volume.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la régulation de l'incinération comprend un préchauffage de l'air comburant primaire à une température de 100°C à 400°C.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la température du lit de combustion est réglée entre 1 000°C et 1 400°C.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la régulation de l'incinération est réglée de manière à obtenir une proportion de scories complètement frittées qui représente de 25 % à 75 % de la totalité des résidus d'incinération.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les cendres volantes produites lors de l'opération d'incinération sont renvoyées dans l'opération d'incinération.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la fraction très fine et la fraction fine produites lors de l'opération de séparation mécanique sont renvoyées dans l'opération d'incinération.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la fraction principale prélavée avec de l'eau qui provient du séparateur des scories par voie humide est rincée avec de l'eau fraíche.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie de l'eau qui provient du rinçage final est renvoyée dans l'opération d'épuration des gaz de fumée.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie de l'eau qui provient du rinçage final est renvoyée dans le séparateur de scories par voie humide.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'une séparation des métaux est réalisée sur la fraction principale.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la fraction principale subit une autre opération de séparation mécanique.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que la fraction de refus supérieur et la fraction grossière subissent séparément l'une de l'autre une séparation des métaux.
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que la fraction de refus supérieur subit une opération de concassage.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que la fraction grossière séparée de la fraction principale est mélangée avec les résidus concassés d'incinération qui proviennent du concassage du refus supérieur pour fournir une première fraction mixte.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que la première fraction mixte subit une opération de séparation mécanique.
  18. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 3 à 17, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie de la fraction grossière subit une opération de concassage.
  19. Procédé selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que la fraction fine et la fraction très fine produites lors du concassage de la fraction grossière sont mélangées avec la fraction grossière pour fournir une deuxième fraction mixte.
  20. Procédé selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième fraction mixte est lavée avec de l'eau qui provient du séparateur de scories par voie humide et est séparée de la fraction très fine.
  21. Procédé selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que la fraction très fine est envoyée avec l'eau de lavage dans le séparateur de scories par voie humide.
  22. Procédé selon les revendications 12 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que les métaux déposés subissent un lavage avec l'eau qui provient du séparateur de scories.
  23. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 22, caractérisé en ce que comme opération de séparation mécanique, on utilise une opération de tamisage.
  24. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 23, caractérisé en ce que l'on ajoute à l'eau du séparateur de scories par voie humide des agents de précipitation des métaux lourds solubles.
EP03001179A 2002-03-27 2003-01-21 Procédé de traitement de résidues d'une installation d'incinération Expired - Lifetime EP1359374B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10213790A DE10213790B4 (de) 2002-03-27 2002-03-27 Verfahren zur Abfallverbrennung in einer Abfallverbrennungsanlage
DE10213790 2002-03-27

Publications (2)

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EP1359374A1 EP1359374A1 (fr) 2003-11-05
EP1359374B1 true EP1359374B1 (fr) 2005-08-17

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US (1) US6796251B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1359374B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE302394T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR0300844B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2423440C (fr)
DE (2) DE10213790B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK1359374T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2248646T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL201315B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2258867C2 (fr)

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EP2375153B1 (fr) * 2010-04-12 2018-09-26 Heiner Zwahr Traitement de cendres volantes
DE102011013034A1 (de) * 2011-03-04 2012-09-06 Alexandra Beckmann Gewinnung von verwertbaren Stoffen aus Müllverbrennungsasche
EP2906365B1 (fr) 2012-10-12 2021-06-09 Blue Sky Mines Ltd. Procédé et système permettant de traiter des déchets incinérés
AT514456B1 (de) * 2013-02-08 2015-03-15 Nua Abfallwirtschaft Gmbh Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Müllverbrennungsschlacke
CN106583030A (zh) * 2016-11-24 2017-04-26 云南昆欧科技有限责任公司 一种钢铁企业回收的烧结机头灰处理方法
DE102021006192A1 (de) 2021-12-15 2023-06-15 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfall und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens

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PL201315B1 (pl) 2009-03-31
US6796251B2 (en) 2004-09-28
BR0300844B1 (pt) 2011-11-16
PL359317A1 (en) 2003-10-06
CA2423440A1 (fr) 2003-09-27
CA2423440C (fr) 2005-10-25
BR0300844A (pt) 2004-08-17
US20030183139A1 (en) 2003-10-02
DK1359374T3 (da) 2005-12-19
DE10213790B4 (de) 2006-05-24
EP1359374A1 (fr) 2003-11-05
RU2258867C2 (ru) 2005-08-20
DE10213790A1 (de) 2003-10-23
ATE302394T1 (de) 2005-09-15
ES2248646T3 (es) 2006-03-16
DE50300978D1 (de) 2005-09-22

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