EP2375153B1 - Traitement de cendres volantes - Google Patents

Traitement de cendres volantes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2375153B1
EP2375153B1 EP10159642.7A EP10159642A EP2375153B1 EP 2375153 B1 EP2375153 B1 EP 2375153B1 EP 10159642 A EP10159642 A EP 10159642A EP 2375153 B1 EP2375153 B1 EP 2375153B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fly ash
metals
waste
leaching
containing compounds
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10159642.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2375153A1 (fr
Inventor
Heiner Zwahr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Green Conversion Systems Inc
Zwahr Heiner
Green Conv Systems Inc
GREEN CONVERSION SYSTEMS LLC
Original Assignee
Green Conversion Systems Inc
Zwahr Heiner
Green Conv Systems Inc
GREEN CONVERSION SYSTEMS LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Green Conversion Systems Inc, Zwahr Heiner, Green Conv Systems Inc, GREEN CONVERSION SYSTEMS LLC filed Critical Green Conversion Systems Inc
Priority to EP10159642.7A priority Critical patent/EP2375153B1/fr
Priority to CA2736287A priority patent/CA2736287C/fr
Priority to US13/082,759 priority patent/US8349282B2/en
Priority to BRPI1101481-4A priority patent/BRPI1101481A2/pt
Publication of EP2375153A1 publication Critical patent/EP2375153A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2375153B1 publication Critical patent/EP2375153B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/04—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for furnace residues, smeltings, or foundry slags
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/30—Solid combustion residues, e.g. bottom or flyash
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/60—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/101—Baghouse type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/102—Intercepting solids by filters electrostatic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/30—Sorption devices using carbon, e.g. coke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/40—Sorption with wet devices, e.g. scrubbers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01001—Sorting and classifying ashes or fly-ashes from the combustion chamber before further treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01007—Thermal treatments of ash, e.g. temper or shock-cooling for granulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for processing fly ash from a combustion process of a waste incineration plant of domestic waste, wherein from a combustion process of domestic waste fly ash is deposited. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a waste incineration plant for household waste or the like.
  • WO01 / 54800 describes a method for processing fly ash from a combustion process according to the preamble of Anspuchs. 1
  • the waste incineration slag obtained usually after mechanical treatment, as waste for recycling as a substitute for mineral waste, preferably used in road and road construction as antifreeze or as a base course, provided that environmental and structural requirements are met.
  • waste incineration or municipal waste incineration or the like in existing incinerators is to obtain usable energy in addition to recovering materials from the waste to improve the energy balance and also to reduce greenhouse gases .
  • the recovery of recyclable by-products reduces (slightly) the effectiveness of recovering usable energy in thermal waste treatment.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce waste generated for landfills in the thermal waste utilization of household waste, it should be possible to gain an increased rate of recyclable materials.
  • This object is achieved by a method for processing fly ash from a combustion process of a waste incineration plant of household waste, which is separated from a combustion process of domestic waste fly ash, which is further developed by the fact that separated from the combustion process of household waste, unfractionated fly ash in a separation step metals and / or metal-containing compounds, in particular heavy metals and / or heavy metal-containing compounds, in which the fly ash is subjected to a wet chemical leaching process in the separation step, so that the fly ash is emaciated by metals and / or metal-containing compounds and / or alkaline earth metals, wherein the fly ash are treated by means of an ammoniacal leach and by means of a hydrochloric acid leaching, and then the fly ash, which is leaned around metals and / or metal-containing compounds, is metered, admixed or added to a quantity of waste to be incinerated in the combustion process, so that the mineral components of the fly ash which are depleted
  • the invention is based on the idea that recovered from fly ash or flue dust that are deposited in waste incineration plants or waste incineration plants in the boiler trains and filters, such as electrostatic precipitators and / or fabric filters from the combustion gas of the combustion process as boiler dusts and / or filter dusts, metals for recycling are recovered, the heavy metals are recovered in a predetermined technically pure quality and recycled to the metals or metal-containing lean compounds fly ash in the combustion process to the mineral components in the fly ash or in the boiler dusts and / or filter dusts in the from the combustion process Incorporating recovered slag, whereby an accumulation of mineral components in the waste incineration slag arises.
  • heavy metals as carbonates (by ammoniacal leaching) or hydroxides (by low-salt leaching) in a for direct processing in corresponding metallurgical plants recovered from suitable technical purity. It also achieves a high level of recovered metals, especially heavy metals, as recyclable (by-) products.
  • the amount of the resulting from the combustion process or incurred by the inventive steps Landfill waste, which must be taken to appropriate landfills, well below 2.5 wt .-% of the amount of waste to be incinerated, in particular by (about) 1.5 wt .-% or more - corresponding to the mineral content of fly ash - to be incinerated Amount of waste, reduced.
  • the mineral constituents of the fly ash which is or is emaciated according to the invention around heavy metals and / or heavy metal-containing compounds, contain increased proportions or fractions of silicon (Si), iron (Fe), aluminum (compared to the fly ash removed from the combustion process). Al), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and / or potassium (K) and, if appropriate, sulfur (S) and / or phosphorus (Ph), the mineral constituents being present in corresponding mineral phases ).
  • the residues from the waste gas purification in the waste incineration plant from the exhaust gases of the combustion process contain absorbents, salts, minerals, heavy metals as well as organic components, e.g. Dioxins and / or furans or the like.
  • domestic waste or corresponding municipal waste is incinerated in the incineration processes in waste incineration plants, for example, household waste is residual waste, organic waste, waste paper, glass, metal packaging and / or plastic packaging or lightweight packaging.
  • the concentration of volatile metals such as e.g. Arsenic, antimony, mercury, copper, lead, tin and zinc are reduced by at least 50%, preferably more than 70%, which makes it possible to reduce the heavy metals or metal-precipitated fly ash with their (increased) mineral content in the combustion process .
  • the mineral components are incorporated into the newly formed slag of the waste incineration process, without the concentration of metals or heavy metals in the combustion gas rises to an (inadmissible) increased concentration.
  • the concentration of metals and heavy metals does not lead to a concentration that would exceed the permissible limits.
  • the heavy metal load of the slag is also not changed.
  • the fly ash which is leaned around metals and / or metal-containing compounds and in particular dehydrated, is compacted, preferably pelletized, in predetermined quantities, preferably in a pelletizer.
  • the fly ash obtained from the separation step in order to reduce metals and / or metal-containing compounds, in particular after a drying step, as a result of which the fly ash which is leaned against metals and / or metal-containing compounds can be handled in a simple manner and / or is added to an intermediate storage and provided for addition to the waste to be incinerated.
  • the Method a decoupling of the combustion process of the waste and the separation step or separation process with the separation or extraction of metals and / or metal-containing compounds from the fly ash or the filter dusts and / or boiler dusts possible.
  • the pelleting or compaction of lean-to-metals fly ash in pellets or the like is particularly suitable for handling the lean ash to fly ash.
  • the lean to metals and / or metal-containing compounds, compacted, preferably pelletized, fly ash is stored as fly ash residue in a buffer in pellet form, in particular, preferably stored, fly ash residue from the buffer to is added or added to burning waste.
  • fly ash residue takes place depending on the amount of waste to be burned.
  • the addition or admixture of increased in their mineral shares fly ash fed the amount of waste to be burned.
  • the fly ash or filter dusts and boiler dusts are subjected to a hydro-metallurgical process, which is integrated into the processing of fly ash.
  • the fly ash is chemically treated in a leaching device using appropriate leaching agents, such as ammonia and acids, wherein metals and / or metal-containing compounds are washed out of the fly ash in an extraction device and separated in a further separation step.
  • the process conditions are adapted to the chemical properties of the metals to be recovered or heavy metals accordingly.
  • a leaching agent slightly to moderately soluble metal-containing salts are washed out accordingly.
  • a wet-chemical leaching process using hydrochloric acid the volatile heavy metals are washed out according to their solubility behavior and appropriately incorporated into a matrix for recycling.
  • the leaching process reduces the concentration of (volatile) heavy metals in the fly ash by at least 50%, in particular by at least 70%, whereby the fly ash is subjected to an ammoniacal leaching process and a hydrochloric acid leaching process.
  • ammoniacal leaching process and the hydrochloric acid leaching process be combined to achieve a higher recovery rate of recyclable heavy metals while optimizing the consumption of leachants.
  • the heavy metals or heavy metal-containing compounds contained in the fly ash are preferably reduced by at least or more than 50%, preferably more than 70%, in their content or in their concentration by the wet-chemical leaching process.
  • the heavy metals or heavy metal-containing compounds contained in the fly ash are extracted after leaching with a leaching agent in an extraction step and / or, in particular after the extraction step in an extraction device, precipitated or obtained in a solvent extraction ,
  • the leaching processes and extraction processes are or are decoupled from each other.
  • a separation of the heavy metals from the (leached fly ash) takes place in an ammoniacal leaching by a (precipitation) precipitation process and in a hydrochloric acid solution by a solvent extraction process.
  • metals or heavy metals which form stable metal-amine complexes are dissolved in an ammoniacal leaching with ammonia (NH 3 ), the metals, in particular heavy metals, being in an oxidic or metallic form.
  • alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are dissolved in addition to the aforementioned heavy metals as well.
  • a residue containing water-insoluble silicate material remains.
  • Metals which do not form metal-amine complexes, e.g. Iron, chromium or lead remain in the undissolved leaching residue.
  • the leaching solution is separated from the remaining residue, whereby the residue is washed and freed of washing water.
  • the resulting filtrate is then fed to the metal separation in the extraction device or stage.
  • hydrochloric acid leaching it is intended to leach metals out of the filter dust, the leaching of the filter dusts being carried out in a hydrochloric acid medium, e.g. HCl (hydrochloric acid) takes place.
  • a hydrochloric acid medium e.g. HCl (hydrochloric acid)
  • the residue of the leaching process in particular mineral components, is returned to the combustion process, whereby the mineral components in the slag are further increased.
  • the fly ash in the separation step by means of an ammoniacal leaching and by means of a hydrochloric acid leaching treated in the case of the ammoniacal leaching solution, for example, precipitation of zinc carbonates, cadmium carbonates or copper carbonates or of metal carbonates from the ammoniacal leaching solution takes place by thermal removal of the ammonia, whereby, for example, zinc is precipitated as basic zinc carbonate. In this case, the decomposition of the zinc amine complex releases ammonia again.
  • the ammoniacal leaching is carried out using a forced circulation evaporator.
  • the organic phase extraction reagent or solvent
  • a filtered aqueous phase several times, whereby the metals or heavy metals are extracted from the leaching solution.
  • a reextraction of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc from the loaded organic phase is also possible.
  • wet-chemical leaching extraction is suitable as a hydrometallurgical process for the treatment of aerial dusts.
  • the wet chemical leaching extraction is a selective process for separation, isolation and subsequent concentration of a valuable or heavy metal or heavy metals and, for example, for volatile (heavy) metals from the flue dusts of waste incineration plants or incineration processes of household waste or the like by leaching and under Use of a (preferably organic) solvent to be recovered.
  • the aqueous solution containing the recoverable (heavy) metals mixed with an organic solvent containing a corresponding reagent.
  • the (heavy) metal-containing recyclables react with the reagent and thus form a chemical compound that is more soluble in organic solvents than in the aqueous solution. In this way, the heavy metals are transferred as desired recyclables in the organic solution.
  • the solvent in this case has a composition to re-separate the chemical compound between the heavy metals as recyclables and the reagent and the heavy metals in another aqueous solution in pure form (extraction) to convict.
  • concentration of heavy metals as valuable substances in the solution by a factor of 10 to 100 compared to the concentration of heavy metals in the original aqueous solution.
  • this can be used for further extraction, wherein in an intermediate step, the organic solvent is subjected to a purification or can be.
  • Ammonia and hydrochloric acid are suitable as suitable leachants for wet-chemical treatment of fly ash or filter dusts, both of which are used in waste incineration plants as exhaust gas purification equipment, for example in the reduction of nitrogen oxides or in water treatment, e.g. in the regeneration of ion exchangers, be used or produced as by-products (hydrochloric acid) from the exhaust gas purification during operation of the waste incineration plant.
  • the amount to be deposited from the combustion process is reduced by (approximately) 1.5% by weight and less, corresponding to the fraction of mineral constituents of the fly ash, of the amount of waste to be combusted. It is possible that less than 1.5 wt .-%, preferably ⁇ (less than / equal to) 1.0 wt .-%, the amount of waste to be incinerated as landfill or as the amount to be deposited from the combustion process is or is obtained.
  • aerial dusts and / or boiler dusts from combustion gases from waste incineration processes, in particular unfractionated are subjected to the separation step.
  • a further solution of the method is carried out by a method for operating a waste incineration plant for household waste or the like, wherein the method steps described above are performed.
  • a plant or device for the processing of fly ash is advantageously integrated in the waste incineration plant for household waste or the like, so that the process described above is carried out using the device for processing the fly ash.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a flowchart of a waste incineration plant for the incineration of household waste or the like.
  • collected waste 11 is introduced into a combustion chamber 12 of a combustion boiler, wherein via a discharge slag 120, in particular raw slag, is discharged.
  • a discharge slag 120 in particular raw slag
  • the combustion chamber 12, in which the waste 11 or household waste, is burned can be designed as a steam generator, wherein the steam generator is designed as Momoner boiler. Furthermore, boiler dust 124 is removed from the combustion chamber 12 via another discharge. Preferably, the boiler dusts 124 are deposited at temperatures> 300 ° C, since at these temperatures (> 300 ° C), the heavy metals or their compounds are hardly or not condensed. Preferably, 50% and more of the total amount of flue dust is separated at temperatures above 300 ° C.
  • the waste gases produced during the combustion of waste in the combustion chamber 12 are supplied via a further discharge to a filter device 13, wherein in one embodiment the filter device 13 is designed as a fabric filter.
  • activated carbon is added to the exhaust gas after it leaves the combustion chamber 12 or is injected in order to absorb dioxins or furans and heavy metals.
  • the activated coke is fed directly or is deposited on a downstream filter device 17 from the exhaust gas and added by the filter device 17 before entering the exiting the combustion chamber 12 exhaust gas in the (first) filter device 13.
  • the dusts in the exhaust gas are filtered by means of the fabric filter of the filter device 13 separated and discharged as flue dust 131 from the filter device 13. Subsequently, the exhaust gas from the filter device 13 via a heat exchanger 14 in an HCl scrubber (hydrochloric acid scrubber) 15 is introduced, so that in the inventive multi-stage or two-stage scrubber acidic exhaust gas components are separated from the exhaust gas.
  • HCl scrubber hydrochloric acid scrubber
  • hydrochloric acid components 150 are deposited in the HCl scrubber 15, the separated hydrochloric acid 150 or its constituents being processed in a hydrochloric acid rectification device 151.
  • the HCl scrubber 15 water 21 is supplied.
  • the hydrochloric acid 150 is treated in the hydrochloric acid rectification device 151, with mixed salts and hydrochloric acid being discharged from the rectification device 151.
  • the crude hydrochloric acid it is possible for the crude hydrochloric acid to be concentrated to technically pure hydrochloric acid 153 in the hydrochloric acid rectification device 151.
  • the residues 152 obtained in the hydrochloric acid rectification device 151 can be concentrated in a mixed salt preparation to a transportable solution and also evaporated to deposit them.
  • the deaerated in the HCl scrubber 15 exhaust gas is then fed to a sulfur dioxide scrubber 16 (SO 2 scrubber), wherein in the sulfur dioxide scrubber 16 by the supply of lime 31 or quicklime as an absorbent from the sulfur dioxide and the lime a gypsum-containing suspension 160 is produced, which is deposited via a discharge and is supplied to a gypsum preparation device 161, so that gypsum is produced as the product of the gypsum preparation device 161.
  • the water obtained in the gypsum preparation in the gypsum preparation device 161 is added to the water 21 provided for the HCl scrubber 15.
  • the purified, i. deacidified, and cleaned of sulfur compounds exhaust gas from the sulfur dioxide scrubber 16 passed over the heat exchanger 14 and guided to a further filter device 17, wherein the filter device 17 comprises a fabric filter.
  • Activated coke 41 or hearth furnace coke (HOK) is metered into the exhaust gas before it enters the filter device 17, whereby residues of heavy metals and dioxins or furans are bound.
  • a suction 18 promotes the exhaust gases to a chimney 19, so that the cleaned in the waste incinerator exhaust gases are emitted through the chimney 19 into the environment.
  • the slag 120 discharged from the combustion chamber 12 or steam generator is fed to a, in particular mechanical, slag processing device 121, so that metals 122 and treated slag 123 are made available from the slag processing device 121.
  • Metals 122 include both iron and non-ferrous metals.
  • the processed slag 123 is provided as a mineral mixture for further processing and recycling.
  • the slag processing device 121 is also formed externally and thus separated from the incineration and processing operations of the waste incineration plant and is operated externally.
  • the treated slag 123 it is also possible for the treated slag 123 to be subjected to slag washing and to glass separation so that glass components for recycling are made available from the processed slag become. Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, it is also possible for sludges, which have also been dried, to be recovered from the processed slag 123 for recycling.
  • the filter dust 130 recovered or separated from the filter device 13 is supplied to a leaching device 131, so that heavy metals are separated from the filter dust 130 in the leaching device 131, the leaching device 131 comprising the metals and metal-containing Components are fed to a metal extraction device 132, while the leached to metals and / or heavy metals, leached filter dust a pelletizer 133 is supplied.
  • boiler dusts 121 are supplied to the pelletizing device 133 from the combustion chamber 12 or the steam generator, so that after drying the filter dust in the pelletizing device 133 the filter dust and boiler dust leaned around metals or heavy metals are pelletized and conveyed to a buffer store 134 in which the pellets are conveyed from filter dust and boiler dust (between) are stored. From the buffer 134 and from the pelletizer 133 pellets, consisting of boiler dust and filter dust, the waste 11 is supplied.
  • metal hydroxides and / or metal chlorides of, e.g. Cadmium, antimony, lead, copper, mercury, tin and zinc obtained, wherein resulting alkaline earth metals are fed to the mixed salts 152 from the rectification device 151.
  • FIG. 2 Another schematic diagram of a waste incineration plant is shown schematically.
  • the waste incineration plant has a dry or semi-dry exhaust gas purification, wherein from the combustion chamber 12, the exhaust gases are first fed to an electrostatic precipitator 23.
  • 23 activated carbon is added before the exhaust gas enters the electrostatic precipitator.
  • filter dust 130 is deposited with mineral fractions and metallic fractions, in particular with heavy metal fractions.
  • the hot exhaust gas is then added to a spray absorber 24, wherein in the spray absorber 24 lime 31 and activated carbon and water 21 are added.
  • the exiting in the spray absorber 24 flue gas is cooled, the acidic pollutants such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF) and sulfur dioxide (SO X ) react with lime, whereby solid particulate reaction products.
  • HCl hydrogen chloride
  • HF hydrogen fluoride
  • SO X sulfur dioxide
  • the flue gas laden with reaction products, fly ash and activated coke and excess hydrated lime is fed to the filter device 17 with a fabric filter, whereby the residues 170 to be disposed of are deposited. Thereafter, the purified flue gas on the downstream induced draft 18 and the fireplace 19 emitted into the atmosphere.
  • the boiler dust 124 discharged in the combustion chamber 12 and the filter dust 130 discharged from the electrostatic precipitator 23 are supplied to the leaching device 131 as fly ash or fly ash, so that the fly ash is leached.
  • the metals or heavy metals contained in the fly ash are fed to the metal extraction device 132 in order to recover the corresponding metals for recycling.
  • the further discharged products from the extraction stage 132 are fed to both the pelletizer 133 and the spray absorber 24.
  • Ammonia and acids are used as leaching agents in the leaching device 131, so that subsequently in the extraction process, the metals dissolved in the lye are dissolved out in the extraction device 132 and sent for recycling.
  • the residues resulting from leaching and airborne dust or fly ash which has been reduced by metals or heavy metals are pelletized with their mineral components in the pelletizer 133, the mineral pellets being incorporated into the newly formed slag by being returned to the combustion chamber 12.
  • the fly ash consisting of boiler dust and filter dust is leached with hydrochloric acid and an aqueous ammonia solution, the salts from the metal extraction are added to the residues from the exhaust gas purification.
  • boiler dusts are in the waste incineration plant and filter dusts of waste incinerators to treat the mineral components of the flue dusts or boiler dusts recycling through recycling in the combustion chamber 12 so that the mineral components are incorporated into the newly formed slag.
  • the volatile metals in the dust and boiler dusts are recovered and recycled in suitable metal huts.
  • two process steps are carried out, first the fly ash or boiler dust and fly ash are leached with hydrochloric acid and with an aqueous ammonia solution to reduce the metal contents and salinity, after subsequent drying and pelletization of the mineral fractions of the fly ash or fly ash the Metered to metals dust particles fly the waste to be burnt 11 are supplied.
  • the metals from the fly-dusts are recovered from the leach by extraction steps, which also include stripping, extraction, and precipitation in embodiments.
  • the recyclable metals obtained in the extraction device 132 are in particular arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), tin (Sn) and zinc (Zn ).
  • the incidence of hazardous waste from the incineration processes is reduced by 1% to 2% by weight in proportion to the proportion of flue dusts, relative to the treated or incinerated waste, the hazardous waste from a landfill be supplied.
  • a further advantage of the method is that it can be integrated into existing plants that are state of the art for waste incineration plants without new residues requiring new disposal routes or species.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour traiter des cendres volantes résultant d'un processus d'incinération dans une installation d'incinération de déchets provenant d'ordures ménagères, dans lequel des cendres volantes sont séparées à partir d'un processus d'incinération d'ordures ménagères, dans lequel des métaux et / ou des composés contenant des métaux, en particulier des métaux lourds et / ou des composés contenant des métaux lourds, sont séparés, lors d'une étape de séparation, des cendres volantes non fractionnées séparées à partir du processus d'incinération des ordures ménagères, dans lequel les cendres volantes, à l'étape de séparation, sont exposées à un processus de lixiviation chimique par voie humide de sorte que les cendres volantes sont réduites par les métaux et / ou les composés contenant des métaux et / ou les métaux alcalino-terreux, caractérisé en ce que les cendres volantes sont traitées au moyen d'une lixiviation ammoniacale et au moyen d'une lixiviation à l'acide chlorhydrique, et les cendres volantes réduites par les métaux et / ou les composés contenant des métaux, lors du processus d'incinération, sont ensuite mélangées avec ou ajoutées à, de préférence dosées avec, un volume de déchets à incinérer de sorte que les fractions minérales des cendres volantes réduites par les métaux et / ou les composés contenant des métaux, sont réintroduites dans le processus d'incinération.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les cendres volantes réduites par les métaux et / ou les composés contenant des métaux, et en particulier déshydratées, sont compactées en quantités prédéfinies, de préférence agglomérées en boulettes, dans un dispositif d'agglomération de boulettes.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les cendres volantes compactées, de préférence agglomérées en boulettes, réduites par les métaux et / ou les composés contenant des métaux, sont stockées dans un réservoir intermédiaire sous la forme d'un résidu de cendres volantes, le résidu de cendres volantes, de préférence stocké de manière intermédiaire, qui provient du réservoir intermédiaire étant en particulier mélangé ou ajouté au volume de déchets à incinérer.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'étape de séparation, la concentration des métaux lourds ou des composés contenant des métaux lourds contenus dans les cendres volantes est réduite par le processus de lixiviation chimique en voie humide d'au moins 50 %, de préférence de plus de 70 %.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les métaux lourds ou les composés contenant des métaux lourds contenus dans les cendres volantes sont extraits à une étape d'extraction après une lixiviation au moyen d'un agent de lixiviation et / ou sont précipités, en particulier après l'étape d'extraction, ou sont obtenus dans une extraction par solvant.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le résidu du processus de lixiviation, contenant en particulier des fractions minérales, est réintroduit dans le processus d'incinération.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la quantité résultant du processus d'incinération et devant être incinérée est ramenée à 1,5 % en poids et plus de la quantité de déchets à incinérer, en fonction des fractions minérales des cendres volantes.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que des poussières en suspension et / ou des poussières de chaudière provenant des gaz de combustion de processus d'incinération d'ordures sont soumises à l'étape de séparation, de préférence sans être fractionnées.
  9. Procédé pour faire fonctionner une installation d'incinération de déchets pour des ordures ménagères, dans lequel les étapes de procédé selon le procédé de l'une des revendications 1 à 8 sont mises en oeuvre.
EP10159642.7A 2010-04-12 2010-04-12 Traitement de cendres volantes Not-in-force EP2375153B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10159642.7A EP2375153B1 (fr) 2010-04-12 2010-04-12 Traitement de cendres volantes
CA2736287A CA2736287C (fr) 2010-04-12 2011-04-05 Traitement de cendres volantes
US13/082,759 US8349282B2 (en) 2010-04-12 2011-04-08 Treatment of fly ash
BRPI1101481-4A BRPI1101481A2 (pt) 2010-04-12 2011-04-12 mÉtodo para a preparaÇço de cinza volante e mÉtodo para a operaÇço de uma instalaÇço de incineraÇço de lixo

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10159642.7A EP2375153B1 (fr) 2010-04-12 2010-04-12 Traitement de cendres volantes

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EP2375153A1 EP2375153A1 (fr) 2011-10-12
EP2375153B1 true EP2375153B1 (fr) 2018-09-26

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EP (1) EP2375153B1 (fr)
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US20120292258A1 (en) * 2011-05-16 2012-11-22 Jason Swearingen Treatment Apparatus and Methods
GB2495749B (en) * 2011-10-20 2015-11-04 Rocktron Mineral Services Ltd Beneficiation of fly ash
CH706863B1 (de) * 2012-08-28 2015-12-31 Doikos Investments Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abscheidung von Feinkornanteilen aus der Schlacke einer Müllverbrennungsanlage.
MX2014016000A (es) * 2014-12-19 2016-06-20 Cinovatec S A De C V Equipo de limpieza de humos provenientes de una combustion.
US10647045B1 (en) 2016-11-03 2020-05-12 Specialty Earth Sciences, Llc Shaped or sized encapsulated reactant and method of making
AU2018311553B2 (en) 2017-08-04 2021-02-25 Graymont (Pa) Inc. Systems and methods for removal of mercury and/or hydrochloric acid from gas streams using calcium-containing particles
FI128915B (en) 2019-02-28 2021-03-15 Metalcirc Oy PROCEDURE FOR ASH TREATMENT
CN112122301A (zh) * 2020-08-10 2020-12-25 郭革 一种基于单磁搅拌技术的生活垃圾焚烧飞灰固化方法
CN113333145B (zh) * 2021-07-05 2022-03-29 涉县宝轩机械设备有限公司 布袋除尘灰分选工艺
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EP2375153A1 (fr) 2011-10-12
CA2736287A1 (fr) 2011-10-12
BRPI1101481A2 (pt) 2013-01-15
CA2736287C (fr) 2015-03-03
US8349282B2 (en) 2013-01-08
US20110251449A1 (en) 2011-10-13

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