EP1645693A1 - Connecting system for cantilevering constructions of buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

Extension surface mainly for balcony, cantilever roof slabs has main body (1) with overhanging structure (2) as well as load absorbing roof members (10) which are fastened to restraint (21). The overhanging structure has cross-beams (23) connected parallel to the main body and constraint at clamps (22) by transverse force such that only bending and normal force act along the roof members.

Description

The invention relates to a mounting system for cantilevered structures of structures, in particular balconies, canopies or other cantilevered attachments, wherein the building has a load-absorbing ceiling or roof element, are provided on the ceiling or roof element clamping, where the cantilever construction is attached.

In cantilevered attachments to existing structures in particular there is the difficulty to transfer the resulting from the cantilever construction loads in a suitable manner to the existing structure for dissipation into the ground.

In the prior art, different methods for initiating the loads of cantilevered structures are known. At low loads, for example, smaller canopies, usually sufficient attachment in the outer wall of the existing structure by means of anchor designs as tie rods and corresponding bearing surfaces on the wall as a thrust bearing.

At higher loads, as occur, for example, in cantilevered balconies or larger canopies, anchoring the existing structure is difficult. Often therefore elevated balconies are used, the load of the attached balconies on separate pillars on a newly created foundation or foundations in the Direct the ground. This method is costly and often visually disturbing because the protruding columns optically dissect the existing building.

In contrast, more costly constructions for clamping the cantilevered construction of the existing structure are known for cantilevered balconies. In particular, anchoring to existing in the existing structure reinforced concrete ceilings is advantageous. A reinforced concrete ceiling usually has enough upper edge reinforcement for receiving the additional forces caused by the cantilever attachment, namely tensile forces on the upper part of the ceiling and compressive forces on the lower part of the ceiling. Also, the supporting masonry underneath has normally enough load reserve for discharging the loads into the subsoil. The problem, however, is an extension of a cantilevered construction in the area of door or window lintels in the existing structure, since there are usually no adequate load reserves. The subsequent reinforcement of a fall is costly, often unaesthetic and in many cases not possible because passage heights of doors, etc. would have to be reduced.

Accordingly, in the prior art balcony cultivation systems are known which work with visible elements such as columns and struts, which often have a visually disturbing effect on the overall impression of the building, but require no complex intervention in the existing building fabric. By way of example, reference is made for such a system to a balcony-mounted system from Weland GmbH, Spengler Str. 89 - 91, 23556 Lübeck. In the balcony system, balcony modules can be hung on vertically extending hollow profiles, which are fastened by means of adhesive anchors in the ceiling area.

In this construction, the loads are introduced via the vertically extending hollow profile and arranged in the ceiling area adhesive anchors in the existing structure. Since the balcony modules are mounted in each case between two spaced-apart hollow sections, this system is very rigid and limited in terms of the balcony width, which is free to bridge. Furthermore, the construction elements attached to the façade are also disturbing here.

The object of the invention is to provide a mounting system for cantilevered structures of existing structures, with a load entry in the existing structure without overlapping attached to the facade reinforcing profiles, etc. and door or lintel areas is possible overlapping.

This object is achieved with a mounting system according to claim 1. The cantilever construction is achieved in the range of a load-bearing ceiling or roof element via clamps. The special feature, however, is that the cantilever construction has a cross member which is arranged close to and substantially parallel to the structure; the cross member is firmly clamped to at least two restraints, and the cross member is clamped to at least one clamping via a transverse force joint, so that essentially only bending moments and possibly normal forces are transmitted to the ceiling or roof element at this clamping.

In this case, the transverse force joint is to be provided in each case at restraints in the region of weakening zones of the existing structural body, for example in the cantilevered fall area. This ensures that the clamping with transverse force joint only transmits bending moments in the region of this clamping on the existing structure. The resulting additional loads are significantly lower than if at this clamping and lateral forces, namely in particular the Auflastkräfte the projecting construction would be initiated. Due to the proposed transverse force joint at this at least one clamping the ballast weight is introduced via the cross member to the wengistens two fixed grips in the existing structure.

Transverse force joints are known in the field of structural engineering under structures. An idealized joint of this kind can transmit no transverse forces, but only moments and normal forces. Such a transverse power joint is known for example in bridge construction as an abutment. In this case, the bearing surfaces are arranged horizontally and can transfer via an intermediate cylindrical roller layer loads as normal forces on the bridge pier, whereas transverse forces are not transmitted.

Such a cylindrical roller bearing is appreciated in DE 30 34 514 A1 as known.

The transverse power joint used in the mounting system, however, has a vertical orientation, wherein at the free end of the clamping in the ceiling or roof element a parallel to the longitudinal extent of the cross member and vertically aligned plate is fixed, the plate has slots whose longitudinal axes are arranged vertically; the outside of the plate, a mounting plate is provided which is fixedly connected to the cross member; inside the plate a counter plate is provided, which surrounds the clamping with play; the mounting plate is clamped to the counter plate by means of passing through the slots of the plate bolt; and between counter-plate and plate and between the plate and mounting plate hinge rollers are arranged, whose axes are aligned perpendicular to the slot longitudinal axis and parallel to the plates.

If a bearing cage is provided for maintaining the joint rollers, the joint rollers provided in the transverse force joint can also in their Installation orientation on vertically aligned plates are positioned in the correct position. In particular, we with a bearing cage, the installation of the transverse force joint considerably simplified, since the joint can be assembled perpendicular to the free axis.

In a further preferred embodiment of the bearing cage is designed as a protective box, the counter-plate, plate and mounting plate substantially encloses. In addition to the positioning of the joint rollers during assembly of the transverse force joint on the construction site, the joint rollers are protected from dirt that could get between the bearing plates at the same time. It is thus avoided that the desired decoupling function of the transverse force joint for acting transverse forces would be reduced by dirt deposits and adhesions to the joint rollers.

In a further embodiment of the mounting system is provided that the clamping for load application in the ceiling or roof element has a combination of horizontal tie rod and push rod, wherein the pull rod on the ceiling or roof element and the push rod on the cantilever-facing edge of the ceiling or Roof element are attached. In this case, the tension rod is preferably dowelled directly onto the raw ceiling and attached to the pressure rod on the front side of the ceiling and also fixed by means of Schraubdübelverbindung. In the cultivation of a cantilever construction by means of tension and compression rod thus only the removal of the screed in the region of the tie rod is required for its installation on the reinforced concrete ceiling. For example, if it is a Anbaubalkon but appropriate conversion measures in the adjacent balcony to the room of the existing building are required, such as demolition of the window sill, replacement of a window against a window-door element, etc. Thus, the assembly of the tie rod easily in the renovation work be integrated and therefore means no major additional effort. This construction is too applicable for ceiling or roof elements made of wood and for hollow brick ceilings.

In an alternative embodiment, the clamping for the load entry in the ceiling or roof element on a bending bar, which is anchored in a introduced into the facing the cantilever construction end face of the reinforced concrete slab horizontal bore. However, solely for reinforced concrete slabs, by providing a bending bar cemented into a horizontal core hole in the reinforced concrete slab, the previous building substance can be given the least impairing solution. In this method floor work inside the building can be advantageously eliminated.

Preferably, the at least one clamping is arranged with transverse force joint between two fixed clamping. Thus, the force acting as a transverse force in the region of the clamping with transverse force joint weight force on the cross member of this construction is transferred to the two opposite fixed restraints. Of course, the cross member can also be partially "cantilevered" by providing a clamping with transverse force joint at the end of the cross member. In this case, the closest to this clamping fixed restraint would bear the entire load of this part of the construction, which would additionally act on the cross member bending moments, which would partially relieve the remoter fixed restraint.

In contrast, the load distribution forth preferred and for many applications also most suitable embodiment is characterized in that at both ends of the cross member per a fixed clamping and therebetween at least one clamping with transverse force joint are provided. If it is, for example, a balcony can in the entire central region between the arranged at both ends of the cross member fixed clamping on the existing building by the load of the cross member and the transverse force decoupling clamping with transverse force joint a significant relief can be achieved. Consequently, existing lintels etc. in this area can be maintained without supplemental reinforcement. The ballast of the attached balcony is introduced essentially only on the fixed restraints at the two ends of the cross member in the ceiling of the existing building and derived from the Sturzauflagerbereichen in the ground. Thus, a large part of the balcony load is introduced by transferring to the fixed restraints in the area of the lintel storage, that is to say in supporting masonry with sufficient load reserve. A camber reinforcement is therefore usually not required. Nevertheless, the bending moments acting on the restraints due to the cantilevered construction can be directed via the lateral force joints into the existing structure.

If projecting beams are attached to the cross member as a substructure for a balcony or a canopy, a compact substructure is provided for example for the balcony floor or a canopy. The cross member as well as the attached projecting carrier are preferably made of double flange of the same height dimension and welded together. For a balcony substructure, balcony depths of up to 1.5 m and balcony widths of 4 m or more can be achieved. The arrangement of the fixed restraints and the restraints with transverse power joint is variable, so that any balcony layers and balcony widths can be realized.

To decouple the load weights of the balcony load in the area of the enclosure with transverse force joint from the restraint and relocate over the cross member in the fixed restraints, the transverse force joint is designed so that vertical forces are not absorbed.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the mounting system and the transverse force joint used therein will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1

in einer teils geschnittenen Draufsicht eine von einem bestehenden Baukörper auskragende Konstruktion nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Anbausystem,

Fig. 2

in einer Draufsicht eine Einspannung mit Querkraftgelenk entsprechend der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Konstruktion,

Fig. 3

die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Anordnung in geschnittener Seitenansicht entlang der in Fig. 2 mit A-A dargestellten Fläche und

Fig. 4

das Querkraftgelenk in einer Darstellung entlang der in Fig. 2 bzw. 3 dargestellten Ebene B-B.

It shows:

Fig. 1

in a partially sectioned plan view of a projecting structure cantilevered construction according to the mounting system according to the invention,

Fig. 2

in a plan view, a clamping with transverse force joint according to the construction shown in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

The arrangement shown in Fig. 2 in a sectional side view along the surface shown in Fig. 2 with AA and

Fig. 4

the transverse force joint in a representation along the plane shown in Fig. 2 and 3 BB.

In Fig. 1, an existing building 1 on the left side of the drawing and a cantilevered construction 2 on the right side of the drawing is shown in partially sectioned plan view. The existing structure or the existing building 1 has a ceiling element 10 in the form of a reinforced concrete floor. In lying below the reinforced concrete ceiling 10 projectile a large window opening with a long lintel 11 is realized. The lintel 11 is supported on wall sections as lintel supports 12 and 13.

On a front side 100 of the reinforced concrete ceiling 10, the cantilevered construction 2 is grown as a balcony. For the balcony cultivation 2 are in the existing floor slab 10 five horizontal core holes 101 in the end face 100 of the floor slab 10 introduced.

The horizontal bore 101 has, for example, a diameter of 100 mm and a drilling depth of 1000 mm. In each of the five horizontal bores 101, a bending rod 20 in the form of a suitable tube, for example, the dimension diameter 88.9 x 8 mm is cemented. These cemented bending rods 20 form a total of five grips 21 and 22, respectively.

Close to and substantially parallel to the building 1, a cross member 23 is provided on the cantilevered construction 2. The cross member 23 is fixedly connected at its ends with the clamping 21. The arranged between the fixed Randeinspannungen 21 three further clamping 22 are connected to a transverse power joint 3 with the cross member 23 such that loads perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1 are not transferred to the restraints 22.

On the cross member 23 20 projecting beams 24 are in extension of the clamping 21, 22 forming bending beams attached.

This projecting structure 2 forms the base of a balcony, not shown here. In this case, this construction 2 is preferably made of standardized double-flange carriers. The cross member 23 consists for example of a Doppelflanschträger HEB 180 and the cantilevered beam 24 of Doppelflanschträgern the dimension IPE 180. In the nodal regions of the cantilevered beam 24 with the cross member 23, the carrier are welded together.

A clamping 22 with transverse force joint 3 is shown in Figs. 2 to 4 in detail. In Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the reinforced concrete ceiling 10 with therein horizontal bore 101 is shown. Likewise, in the sectional view of FIG. 3, the reinforced concrete ceiling 10 is shown with the lintel 11 integrated therein. In the horizontal bore 101 of the bending rod 20 is firmly cemented.

At the free end 201 of the bending rod 20, the transverse force joint 3 is attached. The transverse power joint 3 has a vertically aligned plate 31 as the first bearing plate. This first bearing plate 31 is welded, for example, to the free end 201 of the bending rod 20. In the plate 31 four elongated holes 31 are introduced, whose longitudinal axes are arranged vertically. On the outside, ie facing away from the existing building 1, a mounting plate or second bearing plate 32 is arranged parallel to the plate 31. The mounting plate 32 is connected to the cross member 23, for example by a welded joint.

On the inside of the plate 31, so directed to the existing building, a counter plate or third bearing plate 33 is provided, which is formed around the bending rod 20 of the clamping 22 with play encompassing.

The second and third bearing plates 32, 33 arranged parallel to the first bearing plate 31 each have four through-bores 321, 331 corresponding to the four elongated holes 31 of the first bearing plate 31. Through the through holes 321, 331 and slots 311 four bolts 34 are pushed through. With the bolts 34, the mounting plate 32 are clamped to the back plate 33.

Between the third bearing plate 33 and the first bearing plate 31 and between the first bearing plate 31 and the second bearing plate 32 each joint rollers 35 are arranged distributed in the load bearing sufficient number on the corresponding bearing surfaces. The joint rollers 35 are parallel to each other and horizontal with their cylinder axes, ie aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the slots 31. Thus, the joint rollers 35 allow a low-friction lateral movement perpendicular to the plane of Fig. 2, ie in the vertical direction in the scope of the clearance in the slots 311 of the first bearing plate 31. Correspondingly acting on the cantilevered structure 2 vertical forces as so-called. Transverse forces of the transverse force joint 3 not transferred to the clamping 22. Accordingly, the provided in the cantilever construction 2 cross member 23 takes on the ballast and stores the ballast on the fixed restraints 21, 21 (see Fig. 1) to.

With the mounting system according to the invention with transverse force joint cantilevered constructions, especially balconies and canopies can be attached to existing buildings in the area of ceiling or roof elements load-bearing, even if in the area covered by the construction zone weakening zones, such as door or window lintels are present.

Unlike separately raised balconies, no visible supports and new foundations are required. In contrast to the well-known, built on existing buildings balcony systems are also missing any applied on the building facade struts or reinforcing elements.

With the construction, a cantilever of the balcony can be easily realized up to 1.5 m with appropriate choice of materials. Since large balcony widths of 4 m or more can be achieved, very large extension balconies can be realized as projecting constructions. Due to the support and strutless construction, apartments under the balcony are less affected. Furthermore, balconies can also be very individual, for example, only for individual apartments or at be mounted on different positions on the facade, since a load distribution in the mounting structure over several floors is not necessary.

Thus, the system according to the invention is an economical solution, especially for buildings with a lower number of storeys. In this case, the supporting balcony construction (cantilevered construction 2) of standardized, easily procurable and correspondingly inexpensive components, such as double-flange girders, can be produced.

By the selective connections of the cantilevered construction to the existing reinforced concrete floor thermal bridges are largely avoided. In addition, a circumferential thermal insulation may be advantageous to the cantilever construction.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Building, existing building

10

Ceiling or roof element, reinforced concrete ceiling

100

face

101

horizontal drilling

11

fall

12

Lintel support, masonry

13

Lintel support, masonry

2

cantilever construction, balcony annex

20

bending Beam

201

free end

21

clamping

22

clamping

23

crossbeam

24

cantilever beam

3

Lateral force joint

31

Plate, first bearing plate

311

Long hole

32

Mounting plate, second bearing plate

321

Through Hole

33

Counter plate, third bearing plate

331

Through Hole

34

bolt

35

joint rollers

Claims (9)

Mounting system for structural elements (1) cantilevered structures (2), in particular balconies, canopies or other cantilevered attachments, wherein - The building (1) has a load-absorbing ceiling or roof element (10), - On the ceiling or roof element (10) clamping (21) are provided, on which the cantilevered construction (2) is attached, characterized in that - The cantilevered construction (2) has a cross member (23) which is arranged close to and substantially parallel to the building body (1); - The cross member (23) is firmly clamped to at least two restraints (21), and - The cross member (23) is clamped to at least one clamping (22) via a transverse force joint, so that at this clamping (22) substantially only bending moments and possibly normal forces in the ceiling or roof element (10) are transmitted. Mounting system according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping (21, 22) for load entry in the ceiling or roof element (10) has a combination of horizontal tie rod and push rod, wherein the tie rod on the ceiling or roof element (10) and the Push rod are attached to the cantilevered edge (100) of the ceiling or roof element (10). Mounting system according to claim 1 with a reinforced concrete ceiling (10) as a ceiling or roof element, characterized in that the clamping (21, 22) for load entry in the ceiling or roof element (10) has a bending bar (20) in one in the to the cantilevered construction facing end face (100) of the reinforced concrete slab (10) introduced horizontal bore (101) is anchored. Mounting system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the at least one clamping (22) with transverse force joint (3) between two fixed clamping (21) is arranged. Mounting system according to claim 4, characterized in that at both ends (231, 232) of the cross member (23) each have a fixed clamping (21) and therebetween at least one clamping (22) are provided with transverse force joint (3). Mounting system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the cross member (23) projecting support (24) are fixed as a substructure for a balcony or a canopy. Mounting system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transverse force joint (3) is formed so that vertical forces are not absorbed, wherein - Fixed at the free end (201) of the clamping (22) in the ceiling or roof element (10) parallel to the longitudinal extension of the cross member (23) and vertically aligned plate (31), wherein the plate has slots (311) whose longitudinal axes are arranged vertically; - On the outside of the plate (31) is provided a mounting plate (32) which is fixedly connected to the cross member (23); - Inside the plate (31) is provided a counter-plate (33) which engages around the clamping (22) with play; - The mounting plate (32) with the counter-plate (33) by means of the elongated holes (311) of the plate (31) by cross-bolt (34) is clamped; and - Between counter-plate (33) and plate (31) and between the plate (31) and mounting plate (32) articulated rollers (35) are arranged, whose axes are aligned perpendicular to the slot longitudinal axis and parallel to the plates (31, 32, 33). An attachment system according to claim 7, characterized in that a bearing cage for positional stabilization of the articulated rollers (35) is provided on the transverse power joint (3). Mounting system according to claim 8, characterized in that the bearing cage is designed as a protective box, the counter-plate (33), plate (31) and mounting plate (32) substantially encloses.

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