EP1644913B1 - Anzeigegeräte und steuerschaltung für einen lichtmodulator - Google Patents

Anzeigegeräte und steuerschaltung für einen lichtmodulator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1644913B1
EP1644913B1 EP04767476.7A EP04767476A EP1644913B1 EP 1644913 B1 EP1644913 B1 EP 1644913B1 EP 04767476 A EP04767476 A EP 04767476A EP 1644913 B1 EP1644913 B1 EP 1644913B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
modulator
operational amplifier
voltage
gate electrode
control
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EP04767476.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1644913A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Le Roy
Christophe Prat
Christophe Fery
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THOMSON LICENSING
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Thomson Licensing SAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
    • G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
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    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
    • G09G3/3258—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the voltage across the light-emitting element
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    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3275—Details of drivers for data electrodes
    • G09G3/3291—Details of drivers for data electrodes in which the data driver supplies a variable data voltage for setting the current through, or the voltage across, the light-emitting elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
    • G09G2300/0404—Matrix technologies
    • G09G2300/0417—Special arrangements specific to the use of low carrier mobility technology
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
    • G09G2300/0439—Pixel structures
    • G09G2300/0465—Improved aperture ratio, e.g. by size reduction of the pixel circuit, e.g. for improving the pixel density or the maximum displayable luminance or brightness
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
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    • G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
    • G09G2300/0819—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels used for counteracting undesired variations, e.g. feedback or autozeroing
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    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
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    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
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    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2011—Display of intermediate tones by amplitude modulation

Definitions

  • an addressing circuit of this type comprises control means and power supply means of the transmitter. It is controlled by a network of row and column electrodes. These electrodes make it possible to select and then address a specific emitter E among all the emitters of the display panel.
  • the modulator M converts a data control voltage of one pixel or a sub-pixel into an electric current passing through it.
  • the modulator M is a transistor component of MOSFET type n or p. Such components comprise three terminals: a drain and a source between which the modulated current flows, and a gate to which the control voltage is applied.
  • figure 1 of OLED displays with a classical structure it is the anode of the emitters that forms the interface with the active matrix: the drain (n-type case) or the source (p-type case) of the modulators is then connected to the electrode Vdd power supply, and the cathode of the emitters is connected to the ground electrode.
  • the drain (n-type case) or the source (p-type case) of the modulators is then connected to the electrode Vdd power supply, and the cathode of the emitters is connected to the ground electrode.
  • LTPS low temperature polycrystalline silicon
  • the crystalline poly-silicon modulators M composing the same display panel and powered by the same supply voltage Vdd will generate currents of different intensity, even when these are controlled by Vdata data voltages. identical.
  • an emitter E generally emits a luminous intensity directly proportional to the current flowing through it, so that the heterogeneity of the triggering thresholds of the crystalline poly-silicon transistors causes non-uniformity of brightness of a screen formed by a matrix of such transistors. This results in differences in luminance levels and obvious visual discomfort for the user.
  • the figure 3 represents an element of an image display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • This element comprises a light emitter E and the addressing circuit 10 associated therewith.
  • the modulator is n-type and the emitter is an OLED type diode with a so-called conventional structure.
  • the same circuit is also applicable to reverse structure OLED displays provided that p-type modulators are used and that the modulator-transmitter series is reversed, ie the anode of the emitters is connected to the electrode. Vdd supply and the drain of the modulators to the ground electrode.
  • the addressing circuit comprises an operational amplifier 11, which compensates the trigger threshold voltage Vth of the current modulators M.
  • the addressing circuit may also comprise an additional switch I2 connected between the source of the modulator M and the inverting terminal (-) of the operational amplifier 11 to enable the feedback operation of the latter.
  • This second switch 12 secures the addressing of a transmitter. It avoids the possible appearance of leakage current in another addressing circuit located on the same column as the selected transmitter.
  • the supply voltage Vdd of the transmitter is connected here to the source of the modulator M via a passive component R. Since the modulator is of the P type, the drain of the modulator is here connected to the anode of the light emitter E. When a data control voltage Vdata is applied to the gate of the p-type modulator, a drain current passes through the modulator, from its source to its source. drain.
  • the current flowing through the modulator and the emitter E is independent of its trigger threshold voltage.
  • the drain current is directly controllable by the data voltage Vdata. For a fixed data control voltage, the drain current is therefore constant.
  • the first I1 and second I2 control switches being closed, as explained above, the data control voltage Vdata i is applied to the source of the modulator M in .
  • the tripping threshold voltage of this modulator is compensated by the output of the column amplifier A in , and the modulator M in emits a drain current into the emitter E in .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Control Of El Displays (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Steuerschaltung für einen Strommodulator (M), der einen Lichtstrahler (E) steuern kann und eine Source-Elektrode, eine Drain-Elektrode, eine Gitterelektrode und eine undefinierte Auslöseschwellenspannung (Vth) aufweist, wobei die Steuerschaltung Folgendes umfasst:
    - mindestens einen ersten und einen zweiten Betätigungsschalter (I1, 12), die durch Anlegen einer Auswahlspannung (Vselect n) in Bezug auf eine Gitterelektrode in Synchronität gespeist werden können, um den besagten Strahler (E) auszuwählen, wobei die Gitterelektrode des besagten zweiten Schalters (I2) mit der Gitterelektrode des besagten ersten Schalters (I1) verbunden ist,
    - Mittel zur Kompensation der Auslöseschwellenspannung, die mindestens einen Operationsverstärker (21) mit einem invertierenden Eingang (-), einem nichtinvertierenden Eingang (+) und einer Ausgangsklemme umfassen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - der nichtinvertierende Eingang (+) des Operationsverstärkers eine Datensteuerspannung (Vdata) empfangen kann,
    - der invertierende Eingang (-) des Operationsverstärkers mittels des besagten zweiten Betätigungsschalters (12) mit der Source-Elektrode des besagten Modulators verbunden ist,
    - der Ausgang d es Operationsverstärkers mittels des besagten ersten Betätigungsschalters (I1) mit der Gitterelektrode des besagten Modulators verbunden ist,
    - der Modulator (M) ein p-Transistor ist und
    - die Steuerschaltung außerdem ein passives Bauelement (R) umfasst, das zwischen der Source-Elektrode und einer Elektrode (Vdd) zur Speisung des Modulators (M) angeordnet ist,
    wobei die Verbindungen des invertierenden Eingangs (-) und des Ausgangs dieses Operationsverstärkers somit eine Gegenkopplung bilden, die die Auslöseschwellenspannung des Modulators kompensieren kann, so dass die Drain-Stromstärke, die den Modulator (M) durchströmt, von der Auslöseschwellenspannung (Vth) des Modulators unabhängig ist.
  2. Schaltung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Speicherkapazität (C) umfasst, die an die Gitterelektrode des Modulators angeschlossen ist und die an die Gitterelektrode des Modulators angelegte Spannung speichern kann.
  3. Bildanzeigevorrichtung mit aktiver Matrix, die Folgendes umfasst:
    - mehrere Lichtstrahler (Ejn, Ein, Eim), die ein Netz von Strahlern bilden, die in Zeilen und in Spalten verteilt sind,
    - Mittel zur Steuerung der Abstrahlung von Lichtstrahlern des Netzes, die Folgendes umfassen:
    ■ für jeden Lichtstrahler (Ejn, Ein, Eim) des Netzes einen Strommodulator (Mim), der den besagten Lichtstrahler steuern kann und eine Source-Elektrode, eine Drain-Elektrode, eine Gitterelektrode und eine Auslöseschwellenspannung (Vth) umfasst,
    ■ eine Steuerschaltung für Strommodulatoren (Mim) der Art, die in Anspruch 1 oder 2 spezifiziert ist, die Folgendes umfasst:
    ■ für jeden der besagten Modulatoren, der mit einem Lichtstrahler (Ein, Ein, Eim) in Verbindung steht, mindestens einen ersten und einen zweiten Betätigungsschalter (I1, 12),
    ■ Mittel zur Kompensation (Ain, Ajn, 21) der Auslöseschwellenspannung (Vth) jedes Modulators (Mim), die mindestens einen Operationsverstärker mit einem invertierenden Eingang (-), einem nichtinvertierenden Eingang (+) und einer Ausgangsklemme umfassen,
    ■ Spaltenadressierungsmittel, die die Strahler jeder Spalte der Strahler (Ein, Eim) durch Anlegen einer Datenspannung (Vdata i) an die Gitterelektrode ihrer Modulatoren (Min, Mim) adressieren können, um diese zu steuern,
    ■ Zeilenauswahlmittel, die in Synchronität durch Anlegen einer Auswahlspannung (Vselect n) eine Gitterelektrode jedes des besagten ersten und des besagten Betätigungsschalters (I1, 12) speisen können, um mindestens einen Strahler (Ein) dieser Zeile auszuwählen, wobei die Gitterelektrode des besagten zweiten Schalters (12) mit der Gitterelektrode des besagten ersten Schalters (I1) verbunden ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - der nichtinvertierende Eingang (+) des Operationsverstärkers mit einem Mittel zur Adressierung der Spalte verbunden ist, das den besagten Modulator steuert,
    - der invertierende Eingang (-) des Operationsverstärkers mittels des zugehörigen besagten zweiten Betätigungsschalters (12) mit der Source-Elektrode des besagten Modulators verbunden ist,
    - der Ausgang des Operationsverstärkers mittels des zugehörigen besagten ersten Betätigungsschalters (I1) mit der Gitterelektrode des besagten Modulators verbunden ist,
    - die Modulatoren (Min) p-Transistoren sind und
    - die Steuermittel außerdem ein passives Bauelement (R) umfassen, das zwischen der Source-Elektrode und einer Elektrode (Vdd) zur Speisung des Modulators (Min) angeordnet ist,
    wobei die Verbindungen des invertierenden Eingangs (-) und des Ausgangs dieses Operationsverstärkers somit eine Gegenkopplung bilden, die die Auslöseschwellenspannung des besagten Modulators kompensieren kann.
  4. Bildanzeigevorrichtung nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Operationsverstärker (Ain, 21) die Auslöseschwellenspannung (Vth) der Gesamtheit der Modulatoren (Min, Mim), die die Strahler (Ein, Eim) einer Spalte steuern, kompensieren kann.
  5. Bildanzeigevorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Modulatoren (Min), der erste Betätigungsschalter (I1) und der zweite Betätigungsschalter (12) Bauelemente sind, die aus Dünnschichten aus Polysilicium oder Dünnschichten aus amorphem Silicium hergestellt sind.
  6. Bildanzeigevorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Strahler (E) eine organische Elektrolumineszenzdiode ist.
EP04767476.7A 2003-07-03 2004-06-25 Anzeigegeräte und steuerschaltung für einen lichtmodulator Active EP1644913B1 (de)

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FR0308127A FR2857146A1 (fr) 2003-07-03 2003-07-03 Dispositif d'affichage d'images a matrice active
PCT/FR2004/001629 WO2005013250A1 (fr) 2003-07-03 2004-06-25 Dispositif d'affichage et circuit de commande d’un modulateur de lumiere

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US7557778B2 (en) 2009-07-07
KR101391813B1 (ko) 2014-05-07
CN1816837A (zh) 2006-08-09
TW200505268A (en) 2005-02-01
FR2857146A1 (fr) 2005-01-07
JP2012230392A (ja) 2012-11-22
JP2007516454A (ja) 2007-06-21
CN100433109C (zh) 2008-11-12
JP5688051B2 (ja) 2015-03-25
EP1644913A1 (de) 2006-04-12
TWI376975B (en) 2012-11-11
US20070057874A1 (en) 2007-03-15
KR20070029539A (ko) 2007-03-14
MXPA05014178A (es) 2006-07-03

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