EP1639628A2 - Dispositif de transfert de chaleur et procede de fabrication - Google Patents

Dispositif de transfert de chaleur et procede de fabrication

Info

Publication number
EP1639628A2
EP1639628A2 EP04754527A EP04754527A EP1639628A2 EP 1639628 A2 EP1639628 A2 EP 1639628A2 EP 04754527 A EP04754527 A EP 04754527A EP 04754527 A EP04754527 A EP 04754527A EP 1639628 A2 EP1639628 A2 EP 1639628A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
heat pipe
wick
brazing compound
copper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04754527A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1639628A4 (fr
Inventor
John H. Rosenfeld
Donald M. Ernst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aavid Thermal Corp
Original Assignee
Thermal Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/607,337 external-priority patent/US6994152B2/en
Application filed by Thermal Corp filed Critical Thermal Corp
Publication of EP1639628A2 publication Critical patent/EP1639628A2/fr
Publication of EP1639628A4 publication Critical patent/EP1639628A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to heat transfer devices that rely upon capillary action as a transport mechanism and, more particularly, to wicking materials for such devices.
  • a heat pipe includes a sealed envelope that defines an internal chamber containing a capillary w iick and a working fluid capable of having both a liquid phase and a vapor phase with in a desired range of operating temperatures.
  • wick structures which is fixedly attached to the internal pipe wall.
  • the compositions and geometries of these wicks have included, a uniform fine wire mesh and sintered metals.
  • Sintered metal wicks generally comprise a mixture of metal particles that have been heated to a temperature sufficient to cause fusing or welding of adjacent particles at their respective points of contact. The sintered metal powder then forms a porous structure with capillary characteristics.
  • the present invention provides a capillary structure for a heat transfer device that comprises a plurality of particles joined together by a brazing compound such that fillets of the brazing compound are formed between adjacent ones of the plurality of particles.
  • One or more vapor-vents are defined through the capillary structure so as to provide enhanced vapor escaped passages through the capillary structure.
  • a heat pipe having a hermetically sealed and partially evacuated enclosure.
  • the enclosure comprises internal surfaces with a wick disposed on at least one of the internal surfaces.
  • the wick comprises a plurality of particles joined together by a brazing compound such that fillets of the brazing compound are formed between adjacent ones of the plurality of particles so as to form a network of capillary passageways between the particles wherein at least one vapor vent is defined through the capillary structure.
  • a two-phase fluid is at least partially disposed within a portion of the wick to complete the heat pipe.
  • a heat pipe is provided including a sealed and partially evacuated enclosure having an internal surface.
  • a sintered wick is disposed upon the internal surface, where the wick comprises a plurality of individual particles which together yield an average particle diameter.
  • At least one vapor vent is defined through a portion of the wick having a particle layer at the bottom of the vapor-vent wherein the particle layer comprises at least one dimension that is no more than about six average -particle diameters.
  • a working fluid is disposed within the enclosure to complete the heat pipe.
  • At least a portion of the inside surface of the container is coated with the slurry in such a manner as to form one or more vapor-vents within the slurry, which is then dried to form a green wick.
  • the green wick is then heated to a temperature that is no less than the second melting temperature and below the first melting temperature so that the brazing compound is drawn by capillary action toward adjacent ones of the metal particles so as to form heat-distribution fillets between the adjacent metal particles thereby to yield a brazed wick.
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a typical heat pipe enclosure of the type used in connection with the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the heat pipe enclosure shown in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the heat pipe shown in Fig. 2
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a typical heat pipe enclosure of the type used in connection with the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the heat pipe enclosure shown in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the heat pipe shown in Fig. 2
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a typical heat pipe enclosure of the type used in connection with the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the heat pipe enclosure shown in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the heat pipe shown in Fig. 2
  • FIG. 4 is a significantly enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of a brazed wick formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a broken-way perspective view that has been highly enlarged to clearly represent metal particles and fillets that comprise one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a highly enlarged view, similar to Fig. 5, of an alternative embodiment of brazed wick formed in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is an exploded perspective view of a heat pipe enclosure having an alternative embodiment of brazed wick in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view, as taken along lines 8 - 8 in Fig.
  • Fig. 9 is a further alternative embodiment of heat pipe enclosure formed in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the tubular heat pipe enclosure shown in Fig. 9, as taken along lines 10 - 10 in Fig. 9;
  • Fig. 11 is a highly enlarged view of a portion of a brazed wick disposed on the wall of the heat pipe shown in Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 12 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a tower heat pipe having a brazed wick formed in accordance with the present invention; [0025] Fig.
  • FIG. 13 is a highly enlarged surface view of a brazed wick coating the anterior surfaces of the tower heat pipe shown in Fig. 12;
  • Fig. 14 is an alternative embodiment of tower heat pipe having grooved base wick formed in accordance with the present invention;
  • Fig. 15 is a highly enlarged surface view of a brazed wick formed in accordance with the present invention;
  • Fig. 16 is a broken-way cross-sectional view of the groove-wick shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 13;
  • Fig. 17 is a highly enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the groove brazed wick shown in Figs. 7, 8, 13, and 15; [0030] Fig.
  • Fig. 18 is an end view of a mandrel used in manufacturing a grooved brazed wick in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 19 is a further alternative embodiment of tower heat pipe having vapor vents formed in a wick structure in accordance with the present invention;
  • Figs. 20 - 30 comprise a group of top elevational views and perspective cross-sectional views of a variety of possible wick structures having vapor vents formed in accordance with the present invention;
  • Fig. 31 is an exploded perspective view of a heat pipe heat spreader including a wick structure having vapor vents formed in accordance with the present invention;
  • Fig. 32 is a perspective view of the heat pipe heat spreader shown in
  • Figs. 33 - 35 are top elevational views of a further variety of patterns of vapor vents that may be employed with wick structures formed in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 36 is a broken-way, cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of wick structure comprising a graded, brazed wick formed in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 37 is a broken-way, cross-sectional perspective view similar to Fig. 36, showing a graded sintered wick structure
  • Fig. 38 is a broken-way, cross-sectional view of a alternatively graded wick structure
  • Fig. 36 is a broken-way, cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of wick structure comprising a graded, brazed wick formed in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 37 is a broken-way, cross-sectional perspective view similar to Fig. 36, showing a graded sintered wick structure
  • Fig. 38 is a broken-way, cross-sectional view of a
  • Fig. 39 is a broken-way, cross-sectional perspective view of a wick structure comprising a plurality of cylindrical particles; [0040] Fig. 40 is a broken-way, cross-sectional view of a further alternative embodiment of wick structure comprising a transversely graded wick structure; [0041] Fig. 41 is a broken-way, cross-sectional perspective view of a further alternative embodiment of graded wick structure; [0042] Figs. 42 - 43 are broken-way, cross-sectional views of a portion of a heat pipe heat spreader having a multiple layer graded wick structure; and [0043] Figs. 44 - 51 comprise a group of top elevational views and perspective cross-sectional views of a variety of possible wick structures having vapor vents formed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention comprises a wick structure for a heat pipe or heat spreader 2, hereinafter referred to as simply a heat pipe.
  • a heat pipe Such heat pipes 2 are often sized and shaped to transfer and/or spread the thermal energy generated by at least one thermal energy source, e.g., a semiconductor device (not shown), that is thermally engaged between a portion of the heat pipe and a heat sink (not shown).
  • Heat pipes 2 generally comprise a hermetically sealed enclosure such as a flat, hollow plate-like structure (Fig.
  • each enclosure structure defines an evaporator section 5, a condenser section 7, and an internal void space or vapor chamber 10 (Fig. 3).
  • vapor chamber 10 is defined between a bottom wall 12 and a top wall 14.
  • vapor chamber 10 extends longitudinally from one end of the tube to the other (Figs. 9, 12, 14, and 19).
  • bottom wall 12 and a top wall 14 comprise substantially uniform thickness sheets of a thermally conductive material, e.g., copper, steel, aluminum, or any of their respective alloys, and are spaced-apart by about 2.0 (mm) to about 4.0 (mm) so as to form vapor chamber 10 within heat pipe 2.
  • Top wall 14 of heat pipe 2 is often substantially planar, and is complementary in shape to bottom wall 12.
  • Bottom wall 12 preferably comprises a substantially planer inner surface 18 and a peripheral edge wall 20. Peripheral edge wall 20 projects outwardly from the peripheral edge of inner surface 18 so as to circumscribe inner surface 18.
  • Vapor chamber 10 is created within heat pipe 2 by the attachment of bottom wall 12 and a top wall 14, along their common edges which are then hermetically sealed at their joining interface 24.
  • a vaporizable fluid e.g., water, ammonia or freon not shown
  • heat pipe 2 may be made of copper or copper silicon carbide with water, ammonia, or freon generally chosen as the working fluid.
  • Heat pipe 2 is completed by drawing a partial vacuum within the vapor chamber after injecting the working fluid just prior to final hermetic sealing of the common edges of bottom wall 12 and top wall 14.
  • a brazed wick 25 is located on inner surface 18 which defines the boundaries of vapor chamber 10.
  • Brazed wick 25 comprises a plurality of metal particles 27 combined with a filler metal or combination of metals that is often referred to as a "braze” or brazing compound 30. It will be understood that "brazing” is the joining of metals through the use of heat and a filler metal, i.e., brazing compound 30. Brazing compound 30 very often comprises a melting temperature
  • brazed wick 25 In general, to form brazed wick 25 according to the present invention, a plurality of metal particles 27 and brazing compound 30 are heated together to a brazing temperature that melts brazing compound 30, but does not melt plurality of metal particles 27. Significantly, during brazing metal particles 27 are not fused together as with sintering, but instead are joined together by creating a metallurgical bond between brazing compound 30 and the surfaces of adjacent metal particles 27 through the creation of fillets of re-solidified brazing compound (identified by reference numeral 33 in Figs. 5 and 6).
  • the principle by which brazing compound 30 is drawn through the porous mixture of metal particles 27 to create fillets 33 is "capillary action", i.e., the movement of a liquid within the spaces of a porous material due to the inherent attraction of molecules to each other on a liquid's surface.
  • the molecules of molten brazing metals attract one another as the surface tension between the molten braze and the surfaces of individual metal particles 27 tends to draw the molten braze toward each location where adjacent metal particles 27 are in contact with one another.
  • Fillets 33 are formed at each such location as the molten braze metals resolidify.
  • brazing compound 30 and fillets 33 create a higher thermal conductivity wi ick than, e.g., sintering or fusing techniques.
  • This higher thermal conductivity w iick directly improves the thermal conductance of the heat transfer device in which it is formed, e.g., heat pipe, loop heat pipe, etc.
  • the conductance of brazed wick 25 has been found to increase between directly proportional to and the square root of the thermal conductivity increase.
  • material components of brazing compound 30 must be selected so as not to introduce chemical incompatibility into the materials system comprising heat pipe 2.
  • Metal particles 27 may be selected from any of the materials having high thermal conductivity, that are suitable for fabrication into brazed porous structures, e.g., carbon, tungsten, copper, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, gold, silver, aluminum oxide, beryllium oxide, or the like, and may comprise either substantially spherical, oblate or prolate spheroids, ellipsoid, or less preferably, arbitrary or regular polygonal, or filament-shaped particles of varying cross-sectional shape.
  • metal particles 27 are formed from copper spheres (Fig. 5) or oblate spheroids (Fig. 6) whose melting point is about 1083°C, the overall wick
  • brazing temperature for heat pipe 2 will be about 1000°C.
  • percentage brazing compound 30 within the mix of metal particles 27 or, by using a more "sluggish" alloy for brazing compound 30, a wide range of heat-conduction characteristics may be provided between metal particles 27 and fillets 33.
  • any ratio of copper/gold braze could be used, although brazes with more gold are more expensive.
  • a satisfactory combination for brazing compound 30 has been found to be about six percent (6)% by weight of a finely divided (-325 mesh), 65%/35% copper/gold brazing compound, that has been well mixed with the copper powder (metal particles 27).
  • braze More or less braze is also possible, although too little braze reduces the thermal conductivity of brazed wick 25, while too much braze will start to fill the wick pores with solidified braze metal.
  • One optimal range has been found to be between about 2% and about 10% braze compound, depending upon the braze recipe used.
  • a preferred shape of particle is spherical or spheroidal.
  • Metal particles 27 should often be coarser than about 200 mesh, but finer than about 20 mesh. Finer wick powder particles often require use of a finer braze powder particle.
  • the braze powder of brazing compound 30 should often be several times smaller in size than metal particles 27 so as to create a uniformly brazed wick 25 with uniform properties.
  • brazes can also be used for brazing copper wicks, including nickel-based Nicrobrazes, silver/copper brazes, tin/silver, lead/tin, and even polymers.
  • the invention is also not limited to copper/water heat pipes.
  • aluminum and magnesium porous brazed wicks can be produced by using a braze that is an aluminum/magnesium intermetallic alloy.
  • Brazing compound 30 should often be well distributed over each metal particle surface.
  • This distribution of brazing compound 30 may be accomplished by mixing brazing compound 30 with an organic liquid binder, e.g., ethyl cellulose, that creates an adhesive quality on the surface of each metal particle 27 (i.e., the surface of each sphere or spheroid of metal) for brazing compound 30 to adhere to.
  • an organic liquid binder e.g., ethyl cellulose
  • one and two tenths grams by weight of copper powder (metal particles 27) is mixed with two drops from an eye dropper of an organic liquid binder, e.g., ISOBUTYL METHACRYLATE LACQUER to create an adhesive quality on the surface of each metal particle 27 (i.e., the surface of each sphere or spheroid of metal) for braze compound 30 to adhere to.
  • a finely divided (e.g., -325 mesh) of braze compound 30 is mixed into the liquid binder coated copper powder particles 27 and allowed to thoroughly air dry. About .072 grams, about 6% by weight of copper/gold in a ratio of 65%/35% copper/gold brazing compound, has been found to provide adequate results.
  • the foregoing mixture of metal particles 27 and brazing compound 30 are applied to the internal surfaces of heat pipe 2, for example inner surface 18 of bottom wall 12, and heated evenly so that brazing compound 30 is melted by heating metal particles 27.
  • Molten brazing compound 30 that is drawn by capillary action, forms fillets 33 as it solidifies within the mixture of metal particles 27. For example, vacuum brazing or hydrogen
  • brazing at about 1020°C for between two to eight minutes, and preferably about five
  • grooved brazed wick structure 38 may also be advantageously formed from metal particles 27 combined with brazing compound 30. More particularly, a mandrel 40 (Fig. 18) is used to create grooved wick structure 38 that comprises a plurality of parallel lands 45 that are spaced apart by parallel grooves 47.
  • Lands 45 of mandrel 40 form grooves 50 of finished brazed grooved wick structure 38, and grooves 47 of mandrel 40 form lands 52 finished brazed grooved wick structure 38.
  • Each land 52 is formed as an inverted, substantially "V"-shaped or pyramidal protrusion having sloped side walls 54a, 54b, and is spaced-apart from adjacent lands.
  • Grooves 50 separate lands 52 and are arranged in substantially parallel, longitudinally (or transversely) oriented rows that extend at least through evaporator section 5.
  • the terminal portions of grooves 50, adjacent to, e.g., a peripheral edge wall 20, may be unbounded by further porous structures.
  • a relatively thin layer of brazed metal particles is deposited upon inner surface 18 of bottom wall 12 so as to form a groove-wick 55 at the bottom of each groove 50 and between spaced-apart lands 52.
  • brazed copper powder particles 27 are deposited between lands 52 such that groove-wick 55 comprises an average thickness of about one to six average copper particle diameters (approximately .005 millimeters to .5 millimeters, preferably, in the range from about .05 millimeters to about .25 millimeters) when deposited over substantially all of inner surface 18 of bottom wall 12, and between sloped side walls 54a, 54b of lands 52.
  • metal particles 27 in groove-wick 55 are thermally and mechanically engaged with one another by a plurality of fillets 33 (Fig. 17).
  • inner surface 18 of bottom wall 12 (often a copper surface) is lightly coated with organic binder ISOBUTYL METHACRYLATE LACQUER and the surface is "sprinkle coated” with braze compound copper/gold in a ratio of 65%/35%, with the excess shaken off.
  • Between 1.250 and 1.300 grams (often about 1.272 grams) of braze coated copper powder 27 is then placed on the braze coated copper surface and mandrel 40 is placed on top to form a grooved brazed wick structure 38.
  • groove-wick 55 is formed so as to be thin enough that the conduction delta-T is small enough to prevent boiling from initiating at the interface between inner surface 18 of bottom wall 12 and the brazed powder forming the wick.
  • the formation of fillets 33 further enhances the thermal conductance of groove-wick 55.
  • Groove-wick 55 is an extremely thin wick structure that is fed liquid by spaced lands 52 which provide the required cross-sectional area to maintain effective working fluid flow.
  • groove-wick 55 comprises an optimum design when it comprises the largest possible (limited by capillary limitations) flat area between lands 52. This area should have a thickness of, e.g., only one to six copper powder particles.
  • the thinner groove-wick 55 is, the better performance within realistic fabrication constraints, as long as the surface area of inner surface 18 has at least one layer of copper particles that are thermally and mechanically joined together by a plurality of fillets 33.
  • This thin wick area takes advantage of the enhanced evaporative surface area of the groove-wick layer, by limiting the thickness of groove-wick 55 to no more than a few powder particles while at the same time having a significantly increased thermal conductance due to the presence of fillets 33 joining metal particle 27. This structure has been found to circumvent the thermal conduction limitations associated with the prior art.
  • groove-wick 55 may be replaced by a wick structure defining a plurality of vapor-vents 60 that are defined throughout the evaporator wick structure (Figs. 19 - 38).
  • Vapor-vents 60 are defined through a wick structure 62 that comprises either a uniformly brazed wick having a plurality of particles joined together by a brazing compound such that fillets of the brazing compound are formed between adjacent ones of the plurality of particles, Alternatively, a plurality of sintered particles may also be used to form wick structure 62.
  • vapor-vents 60 extend through wick structure 62 so as to expose a portion of the underlying base structure, e.g., inner surface 18 of bottom wall 12, onto which the wick is brazed or sintered.
  • Wick structure 62 may be employed in either a circular or elliptically shaped portion of a tower-type heat pipe (Fig. 19) or a rectangularly or polygonally shaped heat spreader configuration (Fig. 39). The actual shape will of course normally be determined by the shape of the heat source and the evaporator. [0057]
  • the cross-sectional profile of vapor-vents 60, and their grouping and location in wick structure 62, may vary significantly from device to device or within the same device (Figs. 20 - 38).
  • the cross-sectional profile of vapor-vents 60 may include cylindrical, conical, frustoconical, triangular, pyramidal, rectangular, rhomboidal, pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal, and other less commonly occurring polygonal or curved shapes.
  • Each vapor vent 60 defines an opening 65 in the upper surface of wick structure 62 and a bore 67 that may extend downwardly toward, e.g., inner surface 18 of bottom wall 12, or equivalent structures in a tower- type heat pipe.
  • Openings 65 and bores 67 are sized, shaped, and positioned relative to an evaporator portion of heat pipe 2 dependent upon local heat flux, wick thickness, wick pore radius, and wick permeability, such that the pressure drop required to get the vapor out of the evaporator portion is minimized and therefore the ⁇ T may be minimized.
  • the powdered material that forms wick structure 62 may also vary in size and shape.
  • wick structure 62 may be formed from powdered metal particles 27 that are spherical, spheroidal, polygonal, or even chopped pieces of fine wire.
  • wick structure 62 may be formed from powdered metal particles 27 comprising a mixture of particles having two or more distinct diameters, i.e., a first species of particle 71 having a first diameter, and a second species of particle 73 having a second diameter, or even a third species of particle 76 having the same or different diameter as particles 71 and 73.
  • Multiple wire diameters 80 of varying lengths thus forming multiple species of particles.
  • Each species of particle may be segregated from one another such that relatively larger diameter particles are located in lower heat flux regions of wick structure 62, while smaller diameter particles are located in higher heat flux regions of wick structure 62 (Figs. 35, 38, 40, and 41).
  • a variety of pore sizes may be created within each variety of wick structure 62.
  • the variation in particle or wire diameters may range from several microns to several millimeters.
  • Proper adjustment of particle sizes, and thus the pore sizes allows for vapor to vent through larger pores while liquid remains in smaller pores thus increasing the critical heat flux limit.
  • a graded wick structure 90 may be employed in the present invention (Figs. 36, 37, 42, and 43).
  • a graded wick 90 is formed by layering particles 71, such that coarse (i.e., relatively large) particles are located in a first layer 92 near the surface of wick structure 90, with fine particles 73 (i.e., relatively small) located in a second layer 94 deposited in underlying relation to first layer 92.
  • coarse particles 73 i.e., relatively small
  • second layer 94 deposited in underlying relation to first layer 92.
  • powder particles 27 may also be arranged in a transversely graded array such that one species of particle is arranged transversely adjacent to another species of particle.
  • wick structure 62 may have a step-wise grading in which powder particles 27 are arranged at different thicknesses.
  • powder particles 27 forming wick structures 62 or 90 may either be brazed or sintered to each other and the evaporator plate in accordance with the methods herein disclosed and according to the present invention. Sintering temperatures vary for each different metal powder as well as being a function of the size and distribution of powder particles 27 within wick structure 62.
  • brazed or sintered metal particles 27 may be deposited upon inner surface 18 of bottom wall 12 so as to form a vent-wick 80 at the bottom of each vapor-vent 60 (Figs. 44 - 51 ).
  • brazed or sintered copper powder particles 27 are deposited on inner surface 18 (not shown in Figs. 44 - 51 , but identified in Figs.
  • vent-wick 80 comprises an average thickness in the range from about one to six average copper particle diameters (approximately .005 millimeters to .5 millimeters, preferably, in the range from about .05 millimeters to about .25 millimeters) when deposited over substantially all of inner surface 18 of bottom wall 12.
  • vent-wick 80 comprises an average thickness in the range from about one to three average copper particle diameters.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une structure capillaire destinée à un dispositif de transfert de chaleur tel qu'un caloduc, qui comprend une pluralité de particules unies entre elles par un composé de brasage tel que des filets du composé de brasage se forment entre les particules adjacentes de la pluralité de particules et qu'un ou plusieurs canaux d'évacuation de vapeur se forment dans la structure capillaire. De cette manière, un réseau de passages capillaires se forme entre les particules et les canaux d'évacuation de vapeur traversant la structure capillaire, qui facilitent le transfert d'un liquide de travail sous l'effet de l'action capillaire, tandis que la pluralité de filets améliorent les propriétés de transfert de chaleur entre la pluralité de particules et, par conséquent, améliorent significativement l'efficacité de transfert de chaleur du dispositif. L'invention se rapporte également à un procédé de fabrication de la structure capillaire précitée.
EP04754527A 2003-06-26 2004-06-04 Dispositif de transfert de chaleur et procede de fabrication Withdrawn EP1639628A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/607,337 US6994152B2 (en) 2003-06-26 2003-06-26 Brazed wick for a heat transfer device
US10/765,660 US7028759B2 (en) 2003-06-26 2004-01-27 Heat transfer device and method of making same
PCT/US2004/017937 WO2005006395A2 (fr) 2003-06-26 2004-06-04 Dispositif de transfert de chaleur et procede de fabrication

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1639628A2 true EP1639628A2 (fr) 2006-03-29
EP1639628A4 EP1639628A4 (fr) 2007-12-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04754527A Withdrawn EP1639628A4 (fr) 2003-06-26 2004-06-04 Dispositif de transfert de chaleur et procede de fabrication

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20060124281A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1639628A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005006395A2 (fr)

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CN101123862B (zh) * 2006-08-11 2010-06-02 英业达股份有限公司 一种蒸气腔体散热器
EP2061078B1 (fr) * 2007-11-16 2015-07-15 IQ evolution GmbH Corps de refroidissement
US8356657B2 (en) * 2007-12-19 2013-01-22 Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, Llc Heat pipe system
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WO2005006395A2 (fr) 2005-01-20
US20060124281A1 (en) 2006-06-15

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